transistor tjb - udesc · 4 bipolar transistors cct - udesc the transistor as an amplifier (a)...
TRANSCRIPT
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Transistor TJBModelo pequenos sinais
Modelo alta frequência
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Modelagem do Transistor TBJ
Resposta ac do TBJ para pequenos sinais;
Modelos utilizados de representação do TBJ.
Amplitude do sinal de entrada: técnica e modelo
de pequenos sinais ou grandes sinais
Modelos utilizados:
modelo re
modelo híbrido equivalente
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Ideia básica - modelo
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
The Transistor as an Amplifier
(a) Conceptual circuit to illustrate the operation of the transistor of an amplifier. (b) The circuit of (a) with the
signal source vbe eliminated for dc (bias) analysis.
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
The Small-Signal Model
Parameters of the BJT
The Collector Current and the
Transconductance
The Base Current and the Input Resistence at the Base
The Emitter Current and the Input Resistance at the Emitter
be
c
T
C
IiBE
Cm
v
i
V
I
v
ig
CC
mB
T
b
beb
gI
V
i
vrr
mmE
T
e
bee
ggI
V
i
vr
1
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Modelagem TBJ
Um modelo é a combinação de elementos de
circuito, apropriadamente escolhidos, que
aproximam melhor o funcionamento real de
um dispositivo semicondutor sob condições de
operação específicas.
Uma vez determinado o circuito equivalente, o
símbolo gráfico do dispositivo pode ser
substituído, no desenho esquemático, por este
circuito (modelo), e os métodos básicos de
análise de circuitos.
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Two slightly different versions of what is known as the T model of the BJT. The circuit in (a) is a voltage-controlled current source
representation and that in (b) is a current-controlled current source representation. These models explicitly show the emitter resistance
re rather than the base resistance r featured in the hybrid- model.
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Idem Coletor-Comum
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Ganho de corrente – divisor de corrente
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Ganho de corrente – forma simplificada:
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Quadro resumo
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Example to Show Wave Forms (=100)
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Signal waveforms in the circuit of former Example
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
(a) circuit; (b) dc analysis; (c) small-signal model; (d) small-signal analysis performed directly on the circuit.
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Distortion due to Cutoff or
Nonlinearity
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Augmenting the T-Model to Account for the Early effect for the small-signal operation of
the BJT.
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Relationships Between the Small-
Signal Model Parameters of the BJTModel Parameters in Terms of DC Bias Currents:
In terms of gm
In terms of re
Relationships between and :
T
Cm
V
Ig
C
T
E
Te
I
V
I
Vr
C
Tb
I
Vrr
C
Ao
I
Vr
m
eg
r
m
bg
rr
e
mr
g
err 1
e
mrr
g11
1 1
1
11
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Graphical construction for the determination of the dc base current in the shown circuit.
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Graphical construction for determining the dc collector current IC and the collector-to-emmiter voltage VCE in the shown circuit.
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Graphical determination of the signal components vbe, ib, ic, and vce when a signal component vi is superimposed on the dc voltage VBB
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Effect of bias-point location on allowable signal swing: Load-line A results in bias point QA with a corresponding VCE which is too
close to VCC and thus limits the positive swing of vCE. At the other extreme, load-line B results in an operating point too close to the
saturation region, thus limiting the negative swing of vCE.
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Note: Early effect has been
neglacted ( VA )
Exercice: What’s the Q-point if
a) = 500
b)
c) = 75 and RC = 56 k
0V 5V 10V 15VV
400uA
300uA
200uA
100uA
0A
I = 1 uA
I = 2 uA
I = 3 uA
I = 4 uA
I = 5 uA
Q-point
Load Line
I = 2.7 uA
CC
IC
B
B
B
B
B
B
12V
314 uA
RC
RE
R1
R2 36 k
18 k
22k
16 k
V = +12 VCC
Q1
= 75
Load line for the four resistor bias circuit
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
ceV
be
v 1.65 VA 206
v 8 mV
180 phase shift between
input and output signals
0V 2V 4V 6V 8V 10V 12V
Collecter-emitter Voltage
4.0mA
3.0mA
2.0mA
1.0mA
0A
Collector
Current
t
t
V = 0.692 V
V = 0.708 V
Load Line
V (t)
Q-point
v (t)
V = 0.700 V
I = 20 uA
I = 10 uA
I = 30 uA
V = 0.717 V
I = 15 uA
ce
BE
B
be
B
B
B
BE
BE
BE
Load line Q-point and signals for the BJT amplifier
Load Line Q-Point and signals for the BJT
amplifier
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
R
VVVII BEEECC
REF
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Analysis Circuits Step-by-StepDC Analysis
1. ;
2. Find the Q-point using large-signal model
AC Analysis
3. ;
;
4. BJT small-signal model
5. Analyze the circuit
6. Combine DC AC results
A B
A B
A B
A B
A B C
A B L
A B
A B
E
A B
A B
A B
A B
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
The common-emitter amplifier. (a) Circuit. (b) Equivalent circuit with the BJT replaced with its model.
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
The common-emitter amplifier with a resistance Re in the emitter. (a) Circuit. (b) Equivalent circuit with the BJT replaced with its T
model (c) The circuit in (b) with ro eliminated.
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
The common-base amplifier. (a) Circuit. (b) Equivalent circuit obtained by replacing the BJT with its T model.
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
The common-collector or emitter-follower amplifier. (a) Circuit. (b) Equivalent circuit obtained by replacing the BJT with its T
model. (c) The circuit in (b) redrawn to show that ro is in parallel with RL. (d) Circuit for determining Ro.
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Acoplamento RC
Acoplamento direto
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Acoplamento por transformador
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Resposta em baixas frequências
Efeito Cs
1
2 ( )Ls
s i s
fR R C
Efeito CC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Resposta em baixas frequências
Efeito CE
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Exemplo:
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Q1
BC337AP
R1
10kΩ
R2
40kΩ
R3
1kΩ
R4
1kΩ
R5
1kΩ
R6
1kΩ
C1
10µF
C2
20µF
C3
1µF
VCC
20.0V
XFG1
XBP1
IN OUT
XSC1
A B
Ext Trig+
+
_
_ + _
Simulação BC 337
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Figure 5.73 Analysis of the low-frequency response of the CE amplifier: (a) amplifier circuit with dc sources removed; (b) the effect of CC1 is
determined with CE and CC2 assumed to be acting as perfect short circuits;
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Figure 5.73 (Continued) (c) the effect of CE is determined with CC1 and CC2 assumed to be acting as perfect short circuits; (d) the effect of CC2 is
determined with CC1 and CE assumed to be acting as perfect short circuits;
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Capacitores que influenciam o comportamento em
alta frequência
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CCT - UDESC
Efeito da capacitância Miller
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CCT - UDESC
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Bipolar Transistors
CCT - UDESC
Modelo de Giacoletto ou π-Híbrido
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CCT - UDESC
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CCT - UDESC
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CCT - UDESC
Modelo π-Híbrido altas frequências
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CCT - UDESC
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CCT - UDESC
The unity-gain frequency ( fT ) : the frequency at
which drops to one
o
β
ββ
s1
β
π π μ
1
r (C C )
T o ββ m
T
π μ
g
C C
Figure 17.23 - Common-emitter current gain versus frequency for the BJT
dB
20
40
60
20 log o
f
fT
0
Frequency (Hz - Log Scale)
109
108
107
106
105
f
- 3 dB
- 20 dB/decade
Finding the short-circuit current gain of the BJT
Cm
r
ro
g vm
Cib
ic
+
-
vbe be
im 0
+ -vbe
Common-emitter current gain versus
frequency for the BJT
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CCT - UDESC
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CCT - UDESC
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CCT - UDESC
Figure 5.72 Determining the high-frequency response of the CE amplifier: (a) equivalent circuit; (b) the circuit of (a) simplified at both the input
side and the output side; (c) equivalent circuit with Cm replaced at the input side with the equivalent capacitance Ceq; (d) sketch of the frequency-
response plot, which is that of a low-pass STC circuit.
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CCT - UDESC
Exemplo
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CCT - UDESC
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CCT - UDESC
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CCT - UDESC