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Autor(a): Filipa Joaquim

Lngua Inglesa: Relaes Laborais - Iniciao


Contents OBJECTIVO GERAL: ............................................................................................................................................ 3

CONTEDOS PROGRAMTICOS: ....................................................................................................................... 3

Introduo ......................................................................................................................................................... 4

Desenvolvimento ............................................................................................................................................... 5

Recruitment ................................................................................................................................................... 5

The Interview ................................................................................................................................................... 13

Management Styles ......................................................................................................................................... 21

Advertising & Marketing ................................................................................................................................. 26

Advert .............................................................................................................................................................. 26

Accounting & Banking ..................................................................................................................................... 30

Banking ............................................................................................................................................................ 33

Concluso ........................................................................................................................................................ 36

Bibliografia ....................................................................................................................................................... 36

REFERNCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS: ...................................................................................................................... 36


OBJECTIVO GERAL: Reconhecer e produzir mensagens orais e escritas em lngua inglesa relacionadas com a actividade

profissional, nomeadamente em matria de negociao colectiva, direito do trabalho e comunicao

institucional.

CONTEDOS PROGRAMTICOS: Vocabulrio especfico s relaes laborais em lngua inglesa

Aquisio de estruturas gramaticais

Leitura e compreenso de textos

Exerccios escritos e orais

Jogos pedaggicos para desenvolvimento da oralidade


Introduo

No se deve limitar as relaes empresariais ao idioma. As barreiras lingusticas no deveriam ser um

problema.

Muitos sustentam que a possibilidade de falar ingls no tem preo j que as possibilidades de

crescimento de saber a lngua so infinitas

Saber mais de um idioma melhora a memria e as habilidades cognitivas no relacionadas linguagem

das pessoas, segundo um estudo. E saber especificamente ingls, ir permitir ampliar o seu mundo e

rede de contatos.


Desenvolvimento

Recruitment Key Vocabulary

When a company needs to recruit or employ new people, it usually advertises the job or position in

the recruitment section of a newspaper or magazine. People who are interested can then apply for the job

by sending a letter of application and a curriculum vitae containing details of their education and

experience to the company. The company will then draw up a shortlist of candidates, who are then invited

to attend an interview.

Reading Read the following job advertisements, and then answer the questions.

A) Job Advertisements

St. Mary's Junior School

Heath Drive, Ware,Herts

SG12 ORL

TEACHING ASSISTANT

Required from: November 2002 - Term time only, four mornings weekly

We are looking for a caring and enthusiastic teaching assistant to work in a Y3 classroom to work alongside

children who require extra support. Experience of working with children is essential. You will be part of a

friendly and committed staff team and we shall offer opportunities to help you develop professionally.


Please telephone Jane Hannibal, School Secretary for further details. Visits are welcomed. Letters of

application and CV with the details of 2 referees should be sent to Liz Neville, Head teacher by October 14.

B) Job Advertisements

CONTRACTS MANAGER

Diamond PLC has been providing a quality service for over 25 years, specialising in refurbishment and major

alterations for Local Authorities & Housing Associations in the London area.

Our continued success is due to the commitment of our dedicated team of professionals. We are looking

for an experienced Contracts Manager, able to demonstrate the drive necessary to lead a team of

Surveyors, Site Managers and Trades, reporting to the Contracts Director.

You will be responsible for controlling projects of all sizes up to 3m using the company's management

control process and our fully computerised ICT system.

This is a great opportunity for an individual with a proven track record of delivering projects on time &

within budget whilst able to maintain our mission statement of 'Building Quality on Time'.

If you feel this is the challenge for you, please apply in writing with a full CV to:

Sarah Curry

HR Department

Diamond Plc52

Stamford Road

London

N15 4PZ


Comprehension Questions

1. Read through the advertisements again and make a list of all the words and expressions used to

describe:

a) The job requirements

b) The benefits offered by the job.

2. Look at the job advertisement labelled (B) and answer the questions.


Job Ads: Reading between the lines

Checking out job advertisements is popular with executives worldwide. But though the activity is universal, is the same true of the advertisements? Are executive positions in different countries advertised in the same way? A comparison of the jobs pages of The Times of London, Le Monde of Paris and Germany's Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung suggests not.

First, what UK job seekers consider an essential piece of information -what the post pays- is absent from French and German adverts. It is often left to applicants to raise this themselves. In contrast, most British advertisements mention not only salary, but also other material incentives including a car and fringe benefits. French or German advertisements rarely refer to these.

The attention given to rewards in the UK indicates the importance of the job and its responsibility. In Germany and France, that information is given by the level of experience and qualifications demanded. Salary can be assumed to correspond with this.

If French and German adverts are vague about material rewards, they are precise about qualifications. They usually demand "a degree in ...", not simply "a degree". In Germany, for example, a technical director for a machine tool company will be expected to have a Dipl.-Ing degree in Mechanical Engineering.

French advertisements go further. They may specify not just the type of grande cole degree, but sometimes a particular set of institutions (Formation suprieure X, Centrale, Mines, HEC, ESSEC), these being the most famous grandes coles.

All this contrasts with the vague call for "graduates" (or "graduate preferred"), which is found in the UK. British companies often give the impression that they have a particular type of applicant in mind, but are not sure about the supply and will consider others. Their wording suggests hope and uncertainty, as in this advertisement from The Times: "Whilst educational standards are obviously important, a large measure of personal enthusiasm is likely to secure the success of your application."

In the UK, qualifications beyond degree level make employers nervous, but in France or Germany it is difficult to be "overqualified". Many people on German executive boards have doctorates and the French regard five or six years of intensive post-bacealaur at study at a grand cole as ideal training. British

managers are not selected primarily for their intelligence, as managers are in France or for their expert knowledge, as in Germany. Instead the British give importance to social, political and leadership skills.

This difference also shows in the personal qualities mentioned. British advertisements stress energy, ability to communicate and motivate. German advertisements like achievement, but it tends to be less personality-driven. German companies want candidates with sound knowledge, experience and


competence in their field. They rarely recruit novices, as do British employers. French advertisements refer more to intellectual qualities like analytical aptitude and independence.

Even the tone of the job advertisements is different in the three countries. By French and German standards, British advertisements are very audacious: They attract young executives with challenges such as: "Are you reaching your potential?" whereas French and German advertisements are boringly direct, aiming to give information about the job rather than to sell it.

All this points to three different conceptions of management. The French regard it as intellectually complex, the Germans as technically complex, and the British as interpersonally complex. But they agree on one thing: it's complex.

Questions

The Curriculum Vitae

Study the following CV and decide where each of the following headings should be placed.

References

Interests & Achievements

Personal Details

Employment

Education & Qualifications


Additional Skills

1.- ________________________________

DATE OF BIRTH: 15th June 1977

MARITAL STATUS: Single

NATIONALITY: British

DRIVING LICENCE: Full UK Driving Licence (Sep 1994)

2.- ________________________________

1995 - 1999 UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST OF ENGLAND, Bristol

BA (Hons) Modern Languages & European Studies (2i)

1989 - 1995 GOFFS LANGUAGE COLLEGE, Cheshunt

A-Levels: German (C) French (E)

AS-Levels: Religious Instruction (E) General Studies (D)

3.- ________________________________

- Computer, Internet and E-Mail literate.

- Proficient in the use of Windows 95, 98; experience of Windows NT.

- Detailed knowledge of Microsoft Word, Excel, Access and PowerPoint.

- Fully conversant with Microsoft Outlook and Netscape Messenger.

- Accurate keyboard skills and the ability to type 50 w.p.m.

4.- ________________________________

Jun 2000 - present SDRC UK Limited, Hitchin, Hertfordshire

Position: Training Co-ordinator


At SDRC, my role is to support the Automotive Team in the processing and marketing of training for all UK-

based Ford and Jaguar approved Suppliers. I am responsible for co-ordinating all training orders, acting as

the sole point of contact for Automotive Suppliers.

Sep 1999 - Jan 2000 Trade Mark Consultants Co, Harrow, Middlesex

Position: Trade Mark Agent

As a Trade Mark Agent, my time was spent performing an array of tasks, including: conducting search

reports; reporting to the client; filing U.K. and Community Trade Mark Applications; answering clients'

Trade Mark enquiries and updating the company's Trade Mark Database.

5.- ________________________________

- I take great pleasure from the cinema, especially contemporary foreign cinema.

- I am a sports enthusiast and especially enjoy playing badminton, tennis, golf and football.

6.- ________________________________

Employment

Mr Mark Parry

SDRC UK Limited

Milford House

Priory End

Academic

Mrs Ann Kennard

Faculty of Languages and

European Studies

University of the West of England

Expressing Contrast

Despite, in spite of, although and even though are all used to express contrast between two ideas.

Look at the following sentences:

Despite her lack of hard work, she was promoted.

This sentence means that she didn't work very hard, but she was still promoted.


Despite promises by the government to cut working hours, the average Brit works 38 hours a week.

This sentence means that the British government has promised to reduce working hours, but the Brits still

continue to work very hard.

Practice

Finish each of the following sentences so that it has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it.

1. Although he is the boss, he does not find solutions to problems very easily.

In spite of _______________________________________________

2. In spite of his hard work, he could not finish the job.

Although ________________________________________________

3. Despite the increase in their salaries, many French employees spend Saturday at work.

Even though _____________________________________________

4. Although they are dedicated to their companies, many German employees want more leisure time.

In spite of _______________________________________________

5. Despite the fact that some German and British management styles are similar, there are many

differences between them.

Even though _____________________________________________


Shortlist Lista de candidatos finales

Staff Empleados

To apply for Solicitar

To be in charge of Estar a cargo de

Test your Vocabulary

Find a word from the vocabulary section (above) which corresponds to the following definitions:

The Interview

Key Vocabulary

Once you have seen a job advertisement that interests you, you should send a covering letter together

with your Curriculum Vitae to the person of contact. The covering letter is equally as important as your

Curriculum Vitae as it provides the first direct contact between a candidate and an employer. If this letter

is not well written or poorly presented, you will give a bad impression.

The Letter of Application

The Letter of Application

The letter of application usually has the following layout. Four Paragraphs which explain the following:


1. Why you are writing

2. Why you are interested in the position

3. What you personally can contribute to the job - highlight your relevant skills and experience.

4. Willingness to attend an interview

Exercise

Complete the following letter of application using the following verbs:

Contact / discuss / employed / welcome / involved / apply / enjoy / notice / advertised / matches


Dear Ms Swan,

I am writing to 1.___________ for the position of Public Affairs Associate, which was 2.__________ last

week in The Guardian.

Although I am presently 3.________ by a non-profit making organisation, it has always been my intention

to work in a commercial environment. I would particularly 4.________ the chance to work for your

company and as you will 5.___________ on my enclosed Curriculum Vitae, the job you are offering

6.____________ both my personal and professional interests.

My work experience has familiarised me with many of the challenges 7._________ in Public Relations

today. I am sure that this, together with my understanding of the needs and expectations of sport and

nature enthusiasts, would be extremely relevant to the position. Moreover, as my mother is Spanish, I am

fluent in this language and would definitely 8._______________ working in a Spanish-speaking

environment.

I would be pleased to 9.___________ my curriculum vitae with you in more detail at an interview. In the

meantime, please do not hesitate to 10.___________ me if you require further information.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely

Sarah Brown

Job interviews can be some of the most stressful situations we have to face. From the moment you enter the potential employer's building to the time you are back outside, you are on show - and preparing to give a good performance is what can guarantee success or at least give your best.

Possible interview questions

Warm-up questions:

What made you apply for this position?

How did you hear about this job opening?

Briefly, would you summarize your work history & education for me?

Work history:

What special aspects of your work experience have prepared you for this job?


Describe for me one or two of the biggest disappointments in your work history?

Why are you leaving your present job? (Or, why did you leave your last job?)

What is important to you in a company?

What things do you look for in an organization?

Job performance:

Everyone has strengths & weaknesses as workers. What are your strong points for this job?

What areas do you consider need improving?

Do you prefer working alone or in a team?

What kind of people do you find it most difficult to work with? Why?

What are some things you would like to avoid in a job? Why?

In your previous job what kind of pressures did you encounter?

What would you say is the most important thing you are looking for in a job?

What are some things you particularly liked about your last job?

Education:

What special aspects of your education or training have prepared you for this job?

What courses in school have been of most help in doing your job?

Career goals:

What is your long-term employment or career objective?

What kind of job do you see yourself holding five years from now?

What do you feel you need to develop in terms of skill & knowledge in order to be ready for that opportunity?

Why might you be successful in such a job?

What might make you leave this job?

Self-assessment:


What kind of things do you feel most confident in doing?

Can you describe for me a difficult obstacle you have had to overcome?,How did you handle it?, How do you feel this experience affected your personality or ability?

How would you describe yourself as a person?

What do you think are the most important characteristics & abilities a person must possess to become a successful (............... )? How do you rate yourself in these areas?

What do you consider to be your greatest achievements to date? Why?

Decisiveness:

Do you consider yourself to be thoughtful, analytical or do you usually make up your mind fast? Give an example. (Watch time taken to respond)

What was your most difficult decision in the last six months? What made it difficult?

How do you go about making an important decision affecting your career?

What was the last major problem that you were confronted with? What action did you take on it?

Motivation:

What is your professional goal?

Can you give me examples of experience on the job that you felt were satisfying?

Leadership:

What specifically do you do to set an example for your employees?

What sort of leader do your people feel you are? Are you satisfied?

How do you get people who do not want to work together to establish a common approach to a problem?

How would you describe your basic leadership style? Give specific examples of how you practice this?

Do you feel you work more effectively on a one to one basis or in a group situation?

Oral presentation skills:

Have you ever done any public or group speaking? Recently? Why? How did it go?

Have you made any individual presentations recently? How did you prepare?


Written communication skills:

Would you rather write a report or give a verbal report? Why?

What kind of writing have you done? For a group? For an individual?

Flexibility:

What was the most important idea or suggestion you received recently from your employees? What happened as a result?

What do you think about the continuous changes in company operating policies & procedures?

How effective has your company been in adapting its policies to fit a changing environment?

What was the most significant change made in your company in the last six months, which directly affected you, & how successfully do you think you implemented this change?

Stress tolerance:

Do you feel pressure in your job? Tell me about it.

What has been the highest-pressure situation you have been under in recent years? How did you cope with it?

Stability & Maturity:

Describe your most significant success & failure in the last two years.

What do you like to do best?

What do you like to do-least?

What in your last review did your supervisor suggest needed improvement?

What have you done about it?

The ways in which you answer interview questions are very important.

9 times out of 10 the same types of interview questions come up time and time again.

"Be Prepared!" Before you go to the interview prepare your answers carefully.


Answering Interiew Questions

Write the answers to the following interview questions, including the vocabulary given in brown in your answer.

1. Why are you leaving your present job? (Or, why did you leave your last job?)

Firstly...... / in the long term...... / besides......

2. What is important to you in a company? What things do you look for in an organization?

From my point of view...... / it is extremely important that.......

3. Everyone has strengths & weaknesses as workers. What are your strong points for this job?

As far as I know...... / having said that......... / what's more.........

4. What is your long-term employment or career objective? What is your professional goal?

My one ambition is to...... / to aim high.....

5. What has been the highest-pressure situation you have been under in recent years? How did you cope with it?

At first ........ / to face up to the situation........

What is wrong?

Listen to an interviewer interviewing a candidate for a Secretarial Position within a company. The secretary will answer questions 1, 2 and 3.

1. Why are you leaving your present job?

2. What is important to you in a company?

3. What are your strong points for this job?


What does she say wrong?

Relative Clauses

Look at the following sentences. The relative clause is in bold:

Mc Donald's is a place which sells hamburgers. Sally Jones is the manager of the McDonalds on Oxford

Street, which was one of the first fast food restaurants opened.

The relative clause in the first sentence is a defining clause. It tells us what type of restaurant Mc Donald's

is and is therefore essential to the meaning of the sentence.

The relative clause in the second sentence is a non-defining clause. It gives us extra information about Mc

Donald's.

-------- ooo O ooo --------

Practice

(Haga click sobre las oraciones para ver las respuestas; doble click vuelve a posicin original)

1.- Look at the following sentences and decide whether they are defining or non-defining relative clauses.

2.- Join each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun


Management Styles

Key Vocabulary

The amount of responsibility of any individual in a company depends on the position that he or she

occupies in its hierarchy. Managers, for example, are responsible for leading the people directly under

them, who are called subordinates. To do this successfully, they must use their authority, which is the right

to take the decisions and give the orders that will allow their subordinates to reach certain objectives.

Managers often delegate authority. This means that employees at lower levels of the company hierarchy

can participate in decision-making.

Management Styles

The characteristics of management often vary according to national culture, which can determine how managers are trained, how they lead people and how they approach their jobs.

Below you will find five brief portraits of managers in five different countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Sweden.

Managers from the United States...

Generally attend business schools.


Communicate easily and informally at work.

Admire the qualities of a leader.

Expect everyone to work hard.

Individual performance is measured and initiative is rewarded.

Have competitive and sometimes aggressive attitudes towards work.

Often accept innovation and change.

Managers from the United Kingdom...

Receive a general education.

Delegate authority.

Take a practical approach to management.

Have relatively formal relationship at work.

Encourage their employees to work individually.

Believe it is important to continue education and training at work.

Managers from Germany...

Consider professional and technical skills to be very important.

Have a strong sense of authority.

Respect the different positions in the hierarchy of their companies.

Clearly define how jobs should be done.

Are very loyal to their companies and expect their subordinates to obey them.

Are often older than in other countries.

Managers from France...

Go through an elitist educational system.

Have a strong sense of hierarchy and power.

Often have impersonal relationships at work.


Analyze problems in great detail before taking decisions.

Consider speaking skills to be particularly important.

Move easily between state and private sectors.

Managers from Sweden...

Consider social qualities to be as important as education.

Encourage their employees to take an interest in their work.

Pay close attention to the quality of working life.

Do not use as much authority as in other countries.

Appreciate low-level decision-making.

Are often women.

Questions

1.- Decide which country the following statements refer to:


2.- Find synonyms in the text for the following words:

Obligations

Obligation is expressed using must, should and have to.

Must and Have to

Must and have to is used to express a strong obligation

1. You must do this exercise again. (obligation)

2. You musnt smoke in the hotel. (prohibition)

3. Every night you have to do your homework. (obligation)

Should

Should is used to express a mild obligation of a suggestion

1. You should apologize to him. (mild obligation)

2. You should go to bed before 11pm if you feel tired. (suggestion)

Past obligation

Must does not have a past tense form. We use had to to express a past obligation

1. We had to wake up early in order to take the exam.

Asking about obligation

Must is rarely found in the question form We normally use have to to ask about obligation


1. Do we have to go to the extra class?

2. Do I have to get up early on Sunday?

Questions

Fill in the gaps with the correct form of obligation, according to the rules.

Test your Vocabulary

Match a word from the vocabulary section above to the definition.

1. A system of training regulated by law or custom which combines on-the-job training and work

experience while in paid employment with formal off-the-job training.

2. To Monitor: keep tabs on; keep an eye on; keep under surveillance


3. A competent person in charge of a workplace or who has authority over a worker

4. The amount of money paid for some specified quantity of labour.

Advertising & Marketing

Key Vocabulary

Advertising is very important and is used to expand sales by making the product or service known to a

wider audience. The advert that a company uses is its personal message. It has to be received loud and

clear. If not customers do not understand why they should buy from the company or what it is they are

getting. Knowledge of thetarget market is needed to help refine the message and to select the most useful

way to communicating the message to the particular group. Advertising can be done through various

different ways:

Writing the message - direct mail, web sites, brochures, local newspapers, etc.

Speaking the message - telephone selling, television, local radio, etc.

Advert

In what other ways can we advertise?

Many adverts contain a slogan (a short phrase to attract the customer's attention).Effective slogans are

usually short, easy to remember and easy to repeat. Here are some authentic slogans from adverts used in

the United Kingdom.

- I'm lovin it

- We rent a lot more than a car

- The web's favourite airline

- Once you pop you can't stop

- Connecting people


- Where good food costs less

1. What type of product do you think each slogan is advertising?

2. Do you think they are effective?

Endorsement is an advertising technique that leading companies use in which a celebrity is used to

advertise a certain product.

1.- Give examples of famous people endorsing a product in your country.

Hollywood Stars Come to Spain

2006: Claudia Schiffer (Mango)

2005: Gisele Bundchen (El Corte Ingls)

2004: Nicole Kidman, George Clooney (El Corte Ingls)

2003: Sylvester Stallone (El Corte Ingls)

These are just a few of the Hollywood Celebrities that have recently taken to advertising Spanish brands

and shops.

In 2005, the world-famous Super Model Gisele Bundchen could be seen on thousands of billboards in the

Iberian Peninsula advertising clothes, bikinis and accessories for Spain's leading department store, 'El Corte

Ingls' (The English Cut).

El Corte Ingls is Spain's best-known and best-loved store. El Corte Ingls is to Spain as Selfridges is to

London and Macy's to New York. Whatever you need, an MP3 player, a CD, a Burberry bag or a Papaya, El

Corte Ingls has it.

But why do these rich and famous superstars come to Spain?


According to Juan Morales*, Director of El Corte Ingls, "many Hollywood stars have holiday homes either

in mainland Spain (Alicante, Marbella, etc) or in the Balearic or Canary Islands, therefore El Corte Ingls is

their favourite department store. We pay them a lot of money and promise to run their ads only within the

confines of the Iberian Peninsula".

The Superstars Agents protect their clients' reputation by demanding that "Spain only" clauses be written

into advertising contracts. The clauses impose heavy penalties if the ad somehow gets shown in the U.S.

In the past, American stars confined their endorsement exploits to Japan. However, according to Brian

Dubin, senior vice-president at the William Morris Agency, stars can get between $1 million and $5 million

for a single overseas campaign.

US stars wish to be seen by their home fans endorsing only products that boost their image. For example, in

the US, Arnold Schwarzenegger is seen advertising the off-road vehicle, the Hummer and Sarah Jessica

Parker fashionable Gap Clothes.

For many years now celebrities have been known to stoop pretty low to make some extra cash, but now

they don't mind if we see it. In the near future we can expect more Hollywood embarrassing

endorsements, coming soon whatever the country.

*Fictitious name

Katherine Mansfield - Queens English College


Questions

Synonyms (click sobre las preguntas para ver las respuestas)

Find synonyms for these words in the text:

1. a couple of

2. make (noun)

3. sign

4. merchandise

5. fine (noun)

6. confined

7. rather


Accounting & Banking Key Vocabulary

Accounting deals with recording, summarizing and reporting a company's transactions. There are various

types of accounting:

Financial accounting

Cost accounting

Managerial accounting

A statement is a copy of the bank's account with you. It contains a record of the money paid into your

account, money withdrawn, etc.

The balance is the total amount of money in your account.

A balance sheet is a vital part of accounting. It shows your company's financial position at a particular point

in time. It could indicate one business to be in a strong financial position and another to be in serious

financial difficulties. By comparing balance sheets at different periods it is possible to find out the profit

made.

Profit generation is the objective of a business and this requires the preparation ofprofit statements.

Resources, debts and owner's interests are known correspondingly as assets, liabilities and capital:

Assets - anything of value owned by a company.

Liabilities - financial obligations to outside parties such as a loan repayable to the bank.

Capital - the sum of money invested in a business by the owners / partners / shareholders, etc. Capital

represents the rights of owners to the assets after the prior claims of outside parties (liabilities) have been

satisfied in the event of the business closing.


E.g.

You set up a business with 1000. This money (Cash) is known as anAsset (1000). The proprietor has

introduced 1000 Capital.

The two are equal: Assets = Capital

One month later the owner buys a photocopier for 300. The business now has two assets:

Cash 700 + Photocopier 300 =Total: 1000 (Assets)

Capital introduced 1000 =Total: 1000 (Capital)

Six months later the owner decides to borrow 500 from the bank. The asset is increased. However, the

company now owes the bank money.

Cash 1200 + Photocopier 300 =Total: 1500 (Assets)

This money owed to the bank is called a Liability:

Capital 1000 + Loan 500 = Total 1500 (Capital + Liabilities)

Therefore the Accounting Equation is:

Assets = Liabilities + Capital

Cost - money that is spent on maintaining a business. This includes wages, equipment, etc.

Expense - is a cost that benefits the company in an accounting period.


Questions


Banking

Banking

The pictures below show some of the everyday items and documents used in banking. Match each of these

with the appropriate word from the following list.


Don't bank on it!

The banking sector has been radically affected by technological change, especially automation, to the

extent that the industry is nearly unrecognisable compared to twenty years ago. People are beginning to

ask themselves, "What is a bank?"

The branch

Customers are now far more likely to transact business using a cashpoint machine than facing a teller

across the counter. Speed, efficiency and convenience seem to be the key factors in retail banking these

days. As competition between banks increases, the ability to provide new and more flexible products and

services distinguishes winners from losers in the market. Banking by telephone is set to become the norm

for most personal clients within the next decade; the customer need never enter his or her local branch.

However, there is a price to be paid for these changes. Thousands of jobs have been lost in the banking

sector, and more are likely to go. The image of banking has become tarnished; along with many complaints

about impersonal service and computer error, many people dislike the more obvious sales role of banking

staff. So, have banks allowed themselves to be seduced too quickly by the promise of technology? Or, do

we customers expect too much of our bank these days? Do we need to change our thinking and accustom

ourselves to a different view of what banks can and cannot do?

Globalization

Another issue in banking is the question of globalization. It is not so many years ago that the term "global

player" was on the lips of bankers in many countries across Europe, a proud boast in the faces of less

adventurous provincial rivals. European banks made expensive purchases in the United States and

elsewhere, some more successful than others. Cultural differences and ill-considered strategies have since

shown that there is more to the process than simply putting a logo on a letterhead. While it is certainly true

that banks need to follow their customers and to be present in emerging markets, some have felt that they

would prefer to be national banks with an international presence, rather than truly multinational

institutions.

So where does banking go from here? The industry is changing so rapidly that it would need a brave man to

answer that question with any degree of confidence. Two things are, however, certain. Firstly, the

information revolution that is taking place in all sectors of the industry will continue to have far-reaching


effects within financial institutions. Secondly, as a result of those changes, a bank of the twenty-first

century will bear little resemblance to its historical forebears founded six hundred years ago.

Questions

True or False

Please correct the false statements

Vocabulary

Find synonyms for the following words in the text.


Concluso

Conhecer uma lngua estrangeira dar-lhe- inmeras possibilidades, tais como:

Ampliar negcios. As transaes internacionais realizam-se maioritariamente em ingls.

Ter mais oportunidades no mercado de trabalho.

Ampliar o conhecimento de novas culturas.

Espero que este manual o tenha ajudado.

Bibliografia

Gramtica de Ingls Nvel A1/A2

Texto Editora

http://www.aulafacil.com/Inglesnegocio

REFERNCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS:


Aula Fcil Ingls - website

template manuais_ lingua ingesa_relações laborais_ iniciação

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