sexta-feira, 7 de abril de 2006 1/24 pontifícia universidade católica do rio grande do sul...

sexta-feira, 7 de abril de 2006 1/24

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Laboratório de Eletrônica de Potência – LEPUCLaboratório de Eletrônica de Potência – LEPUC

ACTIVE SHUNT FILTER FOR HARMONIC MITIGATION IN WIND

TURBINES GENERATORS

FILTRO ATIVO PARALELO PARA MITIGAÇÃO DE CORRENTES HARMÔNICAS EM GERADORES DE TURBINAS EÓLICAS

Reinaldo Tonkoski Jr., Fernando Soares dos Reis, Jorge Villar Alé and Fabiano Daher Adegas;

Syed Islam and Kelvin Tan,


Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE

WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM

ACTIVE SHUNT FILTERACTIVE SHUNT FILTER

POWER LOSSESPOWER LOSSES

SIMULATION RESULTSSIMULATION RESULTS

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS


INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

- Wind power is the most rapidly-growing means of Wind power is the most rapidly-growing means of

electricity generation at the turn of the 21electricity generation at the turn of the 21stst century. century.

Global installed capacity has raised 20% in 2004;Global installed capacity has raised 20% in 2004;

- Direct-driven wind turbine: multi-pole permanent Direct-driven wind turbine: multi-pole permanent

magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and three-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and three-

phase bridge rectifier with a bulky capacitor;phase bridge rectifier with a bulky capacitor;


INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

- Non-linear characteristic: harmonic Non-linear characteristic: harmonic

current content flows into the PMSG; current content flows into the PMSG;

- Increase PMSG losses and Increase PMSG losses and

temperature; temperature;


OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

- Analysis and simulation of an - Analysis and simulation of an

active shunt filter (ASF) for active shunt filter (ASF) for

harmonic mitigation in wind harmonic mitigation in wind

turbines generators.turbines generators.


WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMWIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM(WECS)(WECS)

Dynamic Model: Variable-speed, direct driven Dynamic Model: Variable-speed, direct driven wind turbine.wind turbine.


PMSG WAVEFORMS - BRIDGE RECTIFIER PMSG WAVEFORMS - BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH BULKY CAPACITOR (NO ASF)WITH BULKY CAPACITOR (NO ASF)

WECS full load condition – 12 m/s WECS full load condition – 12 m/s

(20 kW resistive load, C(20 kW resistive load, Clinklink=5000uF, RL=6.5 Ω, V=5000uF, RL=6.5 Ω, VLL=360 V)=360 V)

PMSG output currents and line to line voltage div. by 4.


PMSG HARMONICS - BRIDGE RECTIFIER PMSG HARMONICS - BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH BULKY CAPACITOR (NO ASF)WITH BULKY CAPACITOR (NO ASF)

WECS full load condition – wind speed 12 m/s WECS full load condition – wind speed 12 m/s

(20 kW resistive load, C(20 kW resistive load, Clinklink=5000uF, R=5000uF, RLL=6.5 Ω, V=6.5 Ω, VLL=360 V)=360 V)

Phase Current

Line Voltage


3-PHASE ACTIVE SHUNT FILTER3-PHASE ACTIVE SHUNT FILTER

Control filter current to actively shape the Control filter current to actively shape the source current is into the sinusoid. source current is into the sinusoid.

NLCPMSGF iiii


d-q Synchronous d-q Synchronous Reference FrameReference Frame

ASF CONTROL CIRCUITSASF CONTROL CIRCUITS

• Calculate harmonic currents; • Regulate voltage on the capacitor CDC.

REFERENCE CURRENTS REFERENCE CURRENTS



c

b

a

i

i

i

i

i

23

230

21

211

3

2

i

i

i

i

SRF

SRF

SRF

SRF

q

d

)cos(

)sin(

)sin(

)cos(

)(2

1s

P

s mSRF

ks

ksG

)(

q

d

SRF

SRF

SRF

SRF

f

f

i

i

i

i

)cos(

)sin(

)sin(

)cos(

i

i

i

i

i

cf

bf

af

232

30

21

211

3

2

cfNLcFc

bfNLbFb

afNLaFa

iii

iii

iii

*

*

*

Low-Pass

Filter

θSRF by mechanical angular speed ωm

REFERENCE CURRENTSREFERENCE CURRENTS d-q Synchronous d-q Synchronous Reference FrameReference Frame



•Control current iF in order to inject the calculated reference currents.

CURRENT CONTROL BY PWM CARRIER STRATEGY


ASF PASSIVE POWER COMPONENTES DESIGNASF PASSIVE POWER COMPONENTES DESIGN

dttdi

VVL

NLn

nDCF )(

max

max

0

)(max

DC

t

F

DC v

dtti

C

Maximum slope of load current iNL

Maximum accepted voltage ripple ΔvDCmax

CLF

cutoff

1

LF, CDC and C can be adjusted based on simulation results.

LC filter cutoff frequency


POWER LOSSES CALCULATIONPOWER LOSSES CALCULATION

PMSG

Losses

ASF

LossesBridge Rectifier

1

3i

AACU iIRP

iV

V

P

P

i

i

h

h 12

1 11

Copper

Core

iV

V

P

P

i

i

h

h 12

1 11

Power

Losses

Passive

IGBT

ESRIP pcRMSpc

AVGIGBTSATIGBT IVCEP _

RMSDDAVGDDBR IrIVP __6

Diode


SIMULATION PARAMETERSSIMULATION PARAMETERS

Parameter Description Value

LF Inductor Filter 1.5mH

C Capacitor Filter 3.9F

fPWM PWM Carrier Frequency 20 kHz

CDC ASF DC Capacitor 10000F

vDC ASF DC Voltage 500 V

Clink Rectifier Bridge Link Capacitor 5000F

Rload Resistance Load 6.5 Ω

D Turbine Rotor Diameter 10 m

J Turbine Inertia 1500 kg.m2

B Friction Coefficient 20 N s/rad

Ld PMSG d-axis Inductance 5.24 mH

Lq PMSG q-axis Inductance 5.24 mH

RA PMSG Stator Resistance 0.432 Ω

WECS Dynamic Model Implemented on Software PSIM®WECS Dynamic Model Implemented on Software PSIM®

20 kW20 kW



WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed






0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

%

2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 57

Order

THD=2.60 %

Phase Current





Line Voltage

01234567891011121314

%

2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 57

Order

THD=20.77 %





TopologyCopper Losses

(W)Core Losses

(W)Friction & Windage

(W)Total (W)

η (%)

BR 2318.93 180.82 120 2619.75 88.42

ASF 2790.24 150.73 120 3060.97 86.73

IGBT Losses (W)

LF Losses

(W)C Losses

(W)CDC Losses

(W)Total (W)

199.44 284.66 0.2166 116.00 600.33

PMSG Losses

ASF Losses





Topology PMSG Total(W)

ASF Total(W)

Rectifier Total(W)

Efficiency(%)

BR 2619.75 0 95.16 88.05

ASF 3199.92 603.03 211.82 84.74

Topology Aerodynamical(%)

Electrical(%)

Overall(%)

BR 43.26 88.05 38.09

ASF 43.88 84.74 37.18

Electrical Losses

WECS Efficiency



The use of active shunt filter in wind The use of active shunt filter in wind energy generation systems for harmonic energy generation systems for harmonic mitigation was analyzed and mitigation was analyzed and computationally simulated. computationally simulated. The ASF is able to mitigate harmonic The ASF is able to mitigate harmonic

content of current that flows on the content of current that flows on the permanent magnet synchronous permanent magnet synchronous generator.generator.

A capacitor bank filter was used to A capacitor bank filter was used to suppress high-switching frequency suppress high-switching frequency voltage component generated by the voltage component generated by the ASF on generator terminals.ASF on generator terminals.



The d-q SRF synchronization using the The d-q SRF synchronization using the angular rotor speed had worked, and its angular rotor speed had worked, and its physical implementation using sensors physical implementation using sensors must be investigated. must be investigated.

The ASF could diminish voltage core The ASF could diminish voltage core losses. Although, PMSG efficiency is losses. Although, PMSG efficiency is lower because copper losses are higher lower because copper losses are higher when using ASF. when using ASF. Overall wind energy conversion system Overall wind energy conversion system

efficiency is lower as well, so the use of efficiency is lower as well, so the use of ASF could be justified if only the PMSG ASF could be justified if only the PMSG generator could have a larger life cycle.generator could have a larger life cycle.


Obrigado!

sexta-feira, 7 de abril de 2006 1/24 pontifícia universidade católica do rio grande do sul...

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