roteriro prático dos membros inferiores

Roteiro Prático dos Membros

Inferiores Prof. Gustavo Martins Pires

E-mail: [email protected]

C o n t e ú d o :

E s t a a p o s t i l a f o i d e s e n v o l v i d a c o m a f i n a l i d a d e d e f o r n e c e r

s u p o r t e p a r a e s t u d a n t e s e m a n a t o m i a t o p o g r á f i c a d o s m e m b r o s

i n f e r i o r e s , a f i m d e t o r n a r m a i s p r á t i c o e p r o v e i t o s o o

a p r e n d i z a d o d e a n a t o m i a h u m a n a .

(Fonte: TESTU, L. Tratado de Anatomia Humana. Barcelona: Salvat, 1947, tomo

I, pp.495).

1. Anatomia do pé -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 03

2. Anatomia do tornozelo e perna ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11

3. Anatomia do joelho --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21

3. Anatomia da coxa e do quadril ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33

Referências ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52

www.portaldaanatomia.com.br

Sumário

Prof. Gustavo Martins Pires

E-mail: [email protected] 2

1. ANATOMIA DO PÉ

Ossos

(1) Falange distal (do Iº ao Vº dedos);

(2) Falange média (do IIº ao Vº dedos);

(3) Falange proximal (do Iº ao Vº dedos);

(4) Cabeça, corpo e base das falanges;

(5) Ossos metatarsais (do Iº ao Vº);

(6) Cabeça, corpo e base dos ossos metatarsais;

(7) Sesamóide lateral;

(8) Sesamóide medial;

(9) Cuneiforme medial;

(10) Cuneiforme intermédio;

(11) Cuneiforme lateral;

(12) Cubóide;

(13) Navicular;

(14) Tálus;

(15) Cabeça do tálus;

(16) Corpo do tálus;

(17) Tróclea do tálus;

(18) Calcâneo;

(19) Tuberosidade do calcâneo;

(20) Sustentáculo do tálus.


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Articulação

(21) Articulação interfalangiana distal;

(22) Articulação interfalangiana proximal;

(23) Articulação interfalangiana do hálux;

(24) Articulação metatarsofalangiana;

(25) Articulação intertársica

(26) Seio do tarso

(27) Arco plantar

Vasos

(28) Artéria dorsal do pé

(29) Artéria arqueada

(30) Artérias digitais


Roteiro prático dos membros inferiores


E-mail: [email protected] 4

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2. ANATOMIA DO TORNOZELO E PERNA

Ossos

(1) Maléolo medial;

(2) Maléolo lateral;

(3) Face articular inferior da tíbia;

(4) Tróclea do tálus;

(5) Corpo da tíbia;

(6) Corpo da fibúla;

Articulação

(7) Articulação talocrural (tronozelo);

(8) Ligamento colateral lateral;

(9) Ligamento colateral medial;





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Músculos

(1) Músculo tibial anterior;

(2) Músculos extensores (dos dedos);

(3) Músculos fibulares;

(4) Músculo tríceps sural;

(5) Tendão do calcâneo;

Vasos e Nervos

(6) Artéria tibial anterior;

(7) Artéria tibial posterior;

(8) Artéria fibular;

(9) Artéria poplítea;

(10) Nervo tibial;

(11) Nervo fibular comum.





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3. ANATOMIA DO JOELHO

Ossos

(1) Tuberosidade da tíbia;

(2) Côndilo medial da tíbia;

(3) Côndilo lateral da tíbia;

(4) Eminência intercondilar;

(5) Cabeça da fíbula;

(6) Côndilo lateral do fêmur;

(7) Côndilo medial do fêmur;

(8) Face patelar;

(9) Fossa poplítea;

(10) Base da patela;

(11) Ápice da patela;

(12) Côndilo lateral do fêmur;

(13) Côndilo medial do fêmur;

(14) Epicôndilo lateral do fêmur;

(15) Epicôndilo medial do fêmur;

(16) Corpo do fêmur;





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Articulação

(17) Articulação femoropatelar;

(18) Articulação tíbiofemoral;

(19) Menisco lateral;

(20) Menisco medial;

(21) Ligamento cruzado posterior;

(22) Ligamento cruzado anterior;

(23) Ligamento colateral tibial;

(24) Ligamento colateral fibular;

(25) Ligamento da patela;

Músculos

(26) M. vasto lateral;

(27) M. vasto medial;

(28) M. vasto intermédio;

(29) M. reto femoral;

(30) Tendão do m. quadríceps da coxa;

(31) Mm. isquiotibiais

(32) M. sartório.





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4. ANATOMIA DA COXA E DO QUADRIL

Ossos

(1) Corpo do fêmur;

(2) Trocanter menor;

(3) Trocanter maior;

(4) Colo do fêmur;

(5) Cabeça do fêmur;

(6) Fóvea da cabeça do fêmur;

(7) Fossa do acetábulo;

(8) Incisura do acetábulo;

(9) Face semilunar;

(10) Corpo do púbis;

(11) Ramo superior do púbis;

(12) Ramo inferior do púbis;

(13) Túber isquiático;

(14) Espinha isquiática;

(15) Incisura isquiática menor;

(16) Incisura isquiática maior;

(17) Face glútea;

(18) Fossa ilíaca;

(19) Crista ilíaca;





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(31) Espinha ilíaca ântero-superior;

(32) Espinha ilíaca ântero-inferior;

(33) Espinha ilíaca póstero-superior;

(34) Espinha ilíaca póstero-inferior;

(35) Face sacropélvica;

(36) Forame obturado;

Ligamentos

(37) Ligamento sacroilíaco anterior;

(38) Ligamento sacroilíaco posteiror;

(39) Ligamento da cabeça do fêmur;

(40) Lábio do acetábulo;

(41) Ligamento capsulares do quadril (iliofemoral, pubofemoral e isquiofemoral);

(42) Ligamento sacrotuberal;

(43) Ligamento sacroespinal;

(44) Ligamento inguinal;

(45) Sínfise púbica;





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Músculos

(20) M. ilíopsoas;

(21) Mm. adutores do quadril;

(22) M. tensor da fáscia lata;

(23) M. glúteo máximo;

(24) M. glúteo médio;

Vasos e Nervos

(25) A. femoral;

(26) A. profunda da coxa;

(27) Aa. circunflexas do fêmur;

(28) N. obturatório;

(29) N. femoral;

(30) N; isquiático.





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REFERÊNCIAS

MOORE, K. L.; DALLEY, A. F.. Anatomia orientada para a clínica. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara

Koogan, 2007.

DANGELO, J. G.; FATTINI, C. A.. Anatomia humana sistêmica e segmentar: para o estudante

de medicina. São Paulo: Editora Atheneu, 2002.

GARDNER E ET AL. Anatomia Geral — Introdução. Anatomia — Estudo Regional do Corpo

Humano. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 1971. p.3-9.

TORTORA, G.J. Principios de anatomia humana. 10. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan,

2007.





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1. FUNCIONALIDADE DO

PÉ

O pé possui funções

importantes como suportar o

peso e servir como alavanca

para impulsionar o corpo. A

construção do pé com vários

ossos e articulações, permite a

adaptação do pé aos tipos de

superfícies, além de aumentar

sua ação propulsora.

2. ESQUELETO DO PÉ

O esqueleto do pé é formado

pelos ossos tarsais, metatarsais

e falanges. Quase todos os

ossos se unem por articulações

sinoviais, conferindo

mobilidade necessária para se

adaptar a forças longitudinais

aplicadas sobre o pé e, se

moldar aos diferentes tipos de

superfícies durante a marcha.

Os ossos do tarso (do grego –

tarso = superfície plana) a

palavra era usada para uma

série de estruturas planas.

Hipócrates usava a expressão

“tarsós podós” = planta do pé.

Galeno utilizou o termo para o

esqueleto, envolvendo apenas

os ossos cuneiformes e cubóide

como parte do tarso. São ossos

pares e curtos, totalizando sete

ossos em cada pé.

O tálus (do latim – talus

= tornozelo, dado de

jogar), articula-se,

proximalmente, com a

face inferior da tíbia e,

as porções articulares

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january

2008

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PORTAL DA ANATOMIA HUMANA


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