rmwdum - · pdf file3.4 - tysufoabmaqmifaom r[masl[mesifh tjykoabmaqmifaom r[masl[mwkdymum;...

rmwdum

y#dyu©ukd em;vnfjcif;pmtkyf tokH;jyKenf; 2

tcef; (1) - y#dyu©ukd em;vnfjcif; 5

1.1 - y#dyu©tqifhrsm; 6 1.2 - y#dyu©rsm; jzpfyGm;ay:aygufykH 10 1.3 - y#dyu©rsm;twGif;rS Zmwfaumifrsm; 12 1.4 - qufqHa&;rsm;ESifh y#dyu© 16 1.5 - usm;? r jzpfrIa&;&mu@ - y#dyu©twGif;rS trsdK;orD;ESifh trsdK;om;rsm; 18 1.6 - y#dyu©? aumif;usdK;ESifh qkd;usdK;rsm; 22

tcef; (2) - tysufoabmaqmifaom r[mAsL[mrsm; 25

2.1 - y#dyu© ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;a&; r[mAsL[mrsm; 26 2.2 - t½IH;tEkdifwl½Iaom pdwf"mwf - vTrf;rkd;jcif;ESifh vTrf;rkd;cH&jcif; 28 2.3 - tjcm;Zmwfaumifrsm;tay: tysufoabmtjrifjzifh ½Ijrifjcif; 30 2.4 - tysufoabmaqmifaom r[mAsL[mtjzpf tMurf;zufrIukdokH;jcif; 32 2.5 - tysufoabmaqmifaom r[mAsL[mtjzpf jiif;ckHrIukd jyKvkyfjcif; 36 2.6 - t&Sdefjrifhwufjcif;ESifh t&Sdefavsmhusjcif; 39 2.7 - y#dyu©ukd a&SmifvTJjcif; 43 2.8 - tysufoabmaqmifaom r[mAsL[m\ ay;qyf&aom t&if;tESD;rsm; 46

tcef; (3) - tjyKoabmaqmifaom r[mAsL[mrsm; 49

3.1 - tjyKoabmaqmif &v'frsm; &SmazGjcif; 50 3.2 - tjyKoabmaqmifjzpfpOf 56 3.3 - y#dyu©rsm;ukd tjyKoabmaqmif ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;onfh enf;pepfrsm; 58 3.4 - tysufoabmaqmifaom r[mAsL[mESifh tjyKoabmaqmifaom r[mAsL[mwkdYMum; uGmjcm;csuf 68

tcef; (4) - y#dyu©rsm; jzpfyGm;onfhae&mESifh jzpfyGm;&onfh taMumif;t&if; 71

4.1 - y#dyu©\rlvZpfjrpfrsm; 72 4.2 - vkdtyfcsufrsm;u y#dyu©\ taMumif;t&if;cH jzpfvmykH 75 4.3 - 0daoo o½kyfvu©Pmrsm;u y#dyu©\ taMumif;t&if;cH jzpfvmjcif; 84 4.4 - pHwefzkd;xm;rIrsm;u y#dyu©\ taMumif;t&if;cH jzpfvmjcif; 92 4.5 - vdktyfcsufrsm;? pHwefzkd;rsm;? 0daoo o½kyfvu©PmESifh usm;? r jzpfrIqkdif&m y#dyu©rsm; 97

tcef; (5) - y#dyu©o½kyfcGJ qef;ppfa&; enf;pepfrsm; 101

5.1 - y#dyu©o½kyfcGJ qef;ppfjcif;[lonf tb,fenf; 102 5.2 - y#dyu© tcsdefjyrsOf;rsm; 104 5.3 - y#dyu©ukd ajrykHazmfMunfhjcif; 110 5.4 - y#dyu© a&cJawmif 115

½kyfykHrsm;twGuf todtrSwfjyKjcif; 122

2

y#dyu©ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&; - ausmif;om;vufpGJ

y#dyu©rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY tm;vHk;\ ab;ywf0ef;usifwGif &Sdaeonf/

tqkdyg y#dyu©rsm;udk Nidrf;csrf;a&;toGifokdY ajymif;,lEkdifa&;rSm tvGef

w&m cufcJaom pdefac:rIwpf&yfvnf; jzpfonf/ y#dyu©ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;

bmom&yf onf y#dyu©rsm; ay:aygufwnf&Sdvm&jcif; taMumif;t&if;

rsm; ESifh tqkdyg y#dyu©rsm;udk a&&SnfwnfwHhí w&m;rQwaom

Nidrf;csrf;a&; tjzpfokdY toGiful;ajymif;ay;Ekdifrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh

ywfouf NyD; oifhtaejzifh ydkrkd euf½Idif;pGm em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef

taxmuftuljyKay;ygvdrfhrnf/ y#dyu©? tMurf;zufrI? Nidrf;csrf;rIwkdYu

oifukd,fwkdifESifh oif\ qufqHa&;rsm;? oifhvlrItodkif;t0kdif;rsm;tay:

½kdufcwfaom oufa&mufrIrsm;udk oifukd,fwkdif a0zefqef;ppfEkdifrnf

jzpfonf/ oifhtaejzifh pmemrI? em;vnfonf;cHrI? tMurf;rzufrI? rwl

uGJjym;rIrsm;jzifh Nidrf;csrf;pGm ,SOfwGJaexkdifaom A[k0g'wkdYukdvnf; ykdrkd

em;vnfodjrifvmvdrhfrnf jzpfonf/ xkdYtjyif atmufyg taMumif;t&m

wkdYESifh ywfoufaom enf;pepfykdif;qkdif&m uRrf;usifrIrsm;udkvnf; &&Sd

vmapvdrfhrnf jzpfonf/

• qufoG,fajymqkdrI

• y#dyu© tajctaewGif &Sdaeaom pdwfcHpm;rIrsm;ukd odjrif

em;vnfrIESifh pDrHcefYcGJrI

• vlyk*d¾Kvfcsif; y#dyu©rsm;udk t&SdefavQmhcsjcif;

• y#dyu©rsm;udk o½kyfcGJqef;ppfjcif;

• tMurf;rzuf y#dyu©rsm;ukd toGiful;ajymif;,ljcif;

• yk*d¾Kvfcsif; qufqHa&;rsm;udk jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;

• Nidrf;csrf;aom vlrItajymif;tvJudk pwif azmfaqmifjcif;

• Nidrf;csrf;a&; pDrHudef; a&;qGJjcif;

þpmtkyfyg taMumif;t&mtcsdKUonf oifhtwGuf pdrf;aumif;pdrf;aeyg

vdrhfrnf/ oif\ q&muvnf; oif&if;ESD;NyD;jzpfaom taMumif;t&m

rsm;ukd oif,cifu rpOf;pm;cJhzl;aom enf;vrf;rsdK;jzifh pl;prf;azmfxkwf&ef

wkdufwGef;aumif; wkdufwGef;ygvdrhfrnf/ þpmtkyfyg taMumif;t&m

trsm;pkonf &Sif;vif;rSefuefaom tajzr&Sday/ rSefuefjynfhpHkaom

tajz ukd &SmazGa&;xuf tqkdyg taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pl;prf;&SmazGonfh

jzpfpOf uom ykdí ta&;BuD;ygonf/

y#dyu©ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;pmtkyf\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm yk*d¾Kvfcsif; qufqHa&;ü

aomfvnf;aumif;? vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif;rSaomfvnf;aumif;? EkdifiH

wpfEkdifiHvHk; taejzifhaomfvnf;aumif; aeYpOfjzpfyGm;ay:aygufaeaom

y#dyu©rsm;udk qef;ppfazmfxkwfEkdifap&ef jzpfonf/

nnf;wGm;Zkef

Nidrf;csrf;a&;ynmay; bmom&yfonf tjcm;bmom&yf trsdK;tpm;rsm;

ESifh uGmjcm;onf/ y#dyu©ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&; bmom&yfESifh ywfoufaom

todynm A[kokwrsm;rSm toHk;awmh0ifygonf? okdYaomf ¤if;bmom

&yf&Sd ½IyfaxG;aom t,ltqykdif;ESifh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk pdwftm;

xufoefpGm pl;prf; azmfxkwfjcif;uom ykdí ta&;ygonf/

oifhukd,fykdif ,HkMunfcsufrsm;tm; pdefac:vmaom t,ltqrsm;ESifh

taMumif;t&mrsm;udk oifukd,fwkdif jyefvnfpOf;pm; qifjcifoHk;oyfzkdY

vkdtyfvmEkdifonf/ xkdokdY jyKvkyf&onfrSm yxrtpykdif;wGifawmh

auseyfrI &SdcsifrS &Sdayvdrfhrnf? pdwfroufrom jzpfaumif;vnf;

jzpfEkdifonf/ okdYaomf y#dyu©ESifh jidrf;csrf;a&;wkdY\ ½IyfaxG;aom

jyóem&yfrsm;udk ykdrkd euf½Idif;pGm em;vnfoabmaygufzkdYqkdvQif xkdokdY

qifjcifoHk;oyf&ef vkdtyfygonf/ ,ck pmtkyfukd oif,laepOfwGif oif

onf tjcm; ausmif;om;^ausmif;olrsm;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? oif\

q&mESifhaomfvnf;aumif; tjrifoabmxm; uGJvGJMuonfh tajctae

rsdK;rsm; &SdvmEkdifygonf/ ¤if;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&; bmom&yfESifh

ywfoufaom A[kokwrsm;? enf;pepfykdif;qkdif&m uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh

pHwefzkd;xm;rIrsm; zGHUjzdK;ay:aygufvmapa&;twGuf yHkrSeftm;jzifh

vkdtyfaom tajctaewpf&yfvnf; jzpfonf/ oifukd,fwkdif pdwftvkd

rusjzpfí pdwfysufnnf;wGm;rdaom okdYr[kwf wpfckckESifh ywfoufí

oabmwlzkdY&m rjzpfEkdif[k cHpm;&aom tajctaersdK;vnf; BuHKaumif;

BuHK&vmEkdifygonf/ ¤if;onfvnf; yHkrSeftm;jzifh vkdtyfaom tajc

taewpf&yfvnf; jzpfonf/

atmufygwkdYonf oifhtaejzifh tqkdyg nnf;wGm;Zkefukd ausmfvTm;Ekdif

aprnfh enf;vrf;tcsdKU jzpfonf/

• acwåtem;,lvkdufyg/

• ykdrkd BuD;rm;aom jyóemwpf&yf\ ao;i,faom tpdwf

tykdif;rsm;udk wpfqifhcsif; ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;yg/

• oif\ aqG;aEG;rIESifh jyefvnfoHk;oyfrI vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmif

&mwGif tzGJUwGif;rS vlwkdif;\ tjrifoabmxm;rsm; tm;vHk;

yg0ifEkdifatmif pDpOf vkyfaqmifyg/

• trSm;vkyfrdrSmukdaomfvnf;aumif;? tajzrSm;ay;rdrSmukdaomf

vnf;aumif; rpkd;&drfygESifh/

• oifESifh oabmxm; uGJvGJaevQifawmifrS ar;cGef;rsm;udk

ar;yg/ tajzrsm;udk em;axmifay;yg/

y#dyu©ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;bmom&yf\ &nf&G,fcsufu bmvJ

y#dyu©ukd em;vnfjcif;pmtkyfwGif tMurf;zufrIrsm;? emusifcHpm;&rIrsm;ESifh ywfoufaom yHkrsm;? a&;om;azmfjycsufrsm; xnfhoGif;xm;ygonf/

oifhukd,fykdifb0xJrS pdwf'Pf&m&zG,f jzpf&yfrsm;udk jyefvnftrSwf&apEkdifrnfh aqG;aEG;csufrsm;ESifh jyefvnfoHk;oyfqifjcifrIqkdif&m ar;cGef;rsm;vnf;

þpmtkyfwGif yg0ifaeygonf/ xkdokdY jzpfvmygu oufqkdif&m oifcef;pmrsm;? pmykd'frsm;ukd ausmfoGm;vkdufyg? okdYr[kwf acwåcP tem;,lNyD;

aemufrS jyefvnf qufvuf avhvmoif,lyg/

þpmtkyfwGif oifhtm; tvGeftrif; pdwfxdckdufzG,f? xdwfvefYzG,f&mrsm; jzpfapEkdifonf[k oif,lqaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk awGU&Sd&ygu ¤if;wkdYudk

ausmfoGm;vkdufyg? okdYr[kwf oifhpdwftajctae ykdrkd oufawmifhoufom jzpfvmaomtcgrSomvQif tqkdyg taMumif;t&mukd qufvuf avhvmyg/

owday;azmfjycsuf

þpmtkyfukd toHk;rjyKrDatmufwGif azmfjyay;xm;aom &Sif;vif;csufrsm;udk OD;pGmzwf½Iyg/ ¤if;&Sif;vif;csufrsm;u pmtkyf\ 'DZkdif;ESifh zGJUpnf;xm;yHkwkdYukd

&Sif;jyay;xm;NyD; Nidrf;csrf;a&;qkdif&m todynmay;rI bmom&yfwGif yg0ifaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udkvnf; tusOf;csKyf rdwfquf azmfjyay;xm;onf/

tcef; 1 - y#dyu©udkk em;vnfjcif;

3

oif½kd;zGJUpnf;yHk

rkcfOD;\ Nidrf;csrf;a&; ynmay;oif½kd;ukd tykdif;ESpfykdif;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;yg

onf/

tykdif; (1) onf ]]y#dyu©ukd em;vnfjcif;}} jzpfNyD; y#dyu©ukd o½kyfcGJqef;ppf

onfh enf;vrf;rsm;? tqkdyg y#dyu©rsm;udk tjyKoabmenf;jzifh

ukdifwG,f ajz&Sif;jcif;ESifh tysufoabmenf;jzifh ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif;wkdY

ESifh ywfoufí &Sif;vif;csufrsm;udk azmfjyay;xm;onf/

tykdif; (2) onf ]]Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk em;vnfjcif;}} jzpfNyD; rnfokdYaom enf;

jzifh Nidrf;csrf;aom vlYtzGJUtpnf;tm; azmfaqmifxdef;odrf;Ekdifrnfukd

azmfjy ay;xm;onf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&;oabmudk ravhvmrD y#dyu©oabmudk OD;pGmavhvmzkdY vkdyg

onf/ taMumif;rSm jidrf;csrf;a&;[lonf y#dyu© uif;pifaom tajctae

ukd qkdvkdjcif; r[kwfaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ jidrf;csrf;a&;[lonf vlwkdYu

y#dyu©ukd tMurf;rzufbJ tjyKoabmenf;jzifh ajz&Sif;Mujcif;ukd qkdvkd

onf/ tqkdyg pmtkyfESpftkyfpvHk;udk wGJzuftoHk;jyKzkdY vkdygonf/

tykdif; (1) pmtkyf\ zGJUpnf;yHk

þpmtkyfudk tcef; 5 cef;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ tcef;wpfcef;csif;pDonf

atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzay;&ef BudK;pm;xm;onf/

• tcef; 1 - y#dyu©[lonf tb,fenf;/

• tcef; 2 - rnfokdYaom vkyfaqmifrIrsm;u y#dyu©ukd ykdrkd qkd;&Gm;ap

ygoenf;/

• tcef; 3 - rnfokdYaom vkyfaqmifrIrsm;u y#dyu©ukd ykdrkd wkd;wuf

aumif;rGefapygoenf;/

• tcef; 4 - y#dyu©\ Zpfjrpfrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/

• tcef; 5 - y#dyu©wpf&yfESifh ywfoufí rnfonfht&mwkdYukd uREkfyfwkdY

odvkdygoenf;? xkdtaMumif;udk odEkdif&ef rnfonfh enf;pepfrsm;udk

toHk;jyKEkdifygoenf;/

oif,lavhvma&; &nfrSef;csufrsm;

tcef;wpfckcsif;pD\ tpwGif oufqkdif&m oifcef;pmESifh ywfoufaom

oif,lavhvmrI &nfrSef;csufrsm;ukd azmfjyay;xm;onf/ tqkdyg

oifcef;pm wpfavQmufvHk;wGif A[kokw? uRrf;usifrI pGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh

pHwefzkd;rsm;udk tm½kHpkdufMunfhEkdifygonf/

• A[kokwqkdif&m &nfrSef;csufrsm;u oufqkdif&m oifcef;pm NyD;qHk;

oGm;csdef wGif oifodvmrnfh taMumif;t&mwkdYukd azmfjyay;xm;onf/

• uRrf;usifrI pGrf;&nfqkdif&m &nfrSef;csufrsm;u oufqkdif&m

oifcef;pm NyD;qHk;oGm;csdefwGif oifvkyfaqmifEkdifrnfh pGrf;&nfwkdYukd

azmfjyay;xm;onf/

• pHwefzkd;qkdif&m &nfrSef;csufrsm;u oufqkdif&m oifcef;pm NyD;qHk;

oGm;csdefwGif oifhtaejzifh jyefvnfqifjcifoHk;oyfNyD;jzpfrnfh

taMumif;t&mwkdYukd azmfjyay;xm;onf/

vkyfief;trsdK;tpm;rsm;

oif\ avhvmoif,lrIudk taxmuftuljzpfaprnfh vkyfief;trsdK;tpm;

rsm;pGmudkvnf; þpmtkyfwGif xnfhoGif;ay;xm;onf/

• tBudKoifcef;pmrsm; / / oifcef;pmacgif;pOfcGJ wpfckcsif;pDwkdif;\

tpwGif tBudKoifcef;pmu@ yg0ifonf/ ¤if;u oif avhvm&awmh

rnfh taMumif;t&mwpfckESifh ywfoufí BudKwifpOf;pm;qifjcif

ap&ef tm;ay;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;wkdYonf oifodxm;NyD;aom

taMumif;t&mudk tm½Hkpkduf pOf;pm;apjcif;rsdK;vnf; jzpfEkdifygonf/

• avhusifhcef;rsm; / / avhusifhcef;rsm;onf taMumif;t&mwpfckESifh

ywfoufaom oif\ A[kokwrsm;udk wkd;wufapNyD; xkdtaMumif;t&m

tay: oif\ odjrifem;vnfrIudk qef;ppfay;Ekdifap&ef &nf&G,fonf/

• vkyfief;rsm; / / ¤if;u@onf vufawGUtoHk;csEkdifrIpGrf;&nf?

o½kyfcGJqef;ppfrIESifh tuJjzwfEkdifrIpGrf;&nf? trsdK;rsdK;aom qef;ppf

awG;ac:rI pGrf;&nfwkdYudk wkd;wufzGHUNzdK;vmap&ef &nf&G,fxm;yg

onf/

• aqG;aEG;csufrsm; / / aqG;aEG;csufrsm;u@onf oif½kd;pmtkyfyg

taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh oabmw&m;t,ltqrsm;u oifhvlrItokdif;

t0kdif;ESifh oifhEkdifiHtay: rnfokdY oufa&mufrI&Sdonfudk tm½Hkpkduf

xm;onf/ ¤if;@onf oif\ tjrifoabmxm;rsm;udk xkwfazmf

aqG;aEG;jcif;ESifh tjcm;olwkdY\ tjrif½Iaxmifhrsm;udk em;axmif

ay;jcif;tm;jzifh oif\ em;vnfrIpGrf;&nf wkd;wufvmap&ef

tm;ay; xm;jcif; jzpfonf/

• jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsufrsm; / / ¤if;u@onf oif\ cHpm;csufrsm;

tay: jyefvnfoHk;oyf&ef tm;ay;xm;onf/ oifcef;pmyg

t,ltq rsm; udk o½kyfcGJqef;ppfNyD; tqkdyg t,ltqrsm;ESifh

oif\ ukd,fykdifpHwefzkd;rsm;Mum; rnfodkY qufpyfaeyHkwkdYukd qifjcif

oHk;oyf&ef wkdufwGef; tm;ay;xm;onf/

• ed*Hk;csKyfrsm; / / ed*Hk;csKyf wifjycsufonf oufqkdif&m oifcef;pmESifh

ywfoufí oif\ em;vnfrIudk qef;ppfaom avhusifhcef;rsm;ESifh

vkyfief;rsm; jzpfonf/ tqkdyg vkyfief;rsm;ukd toHk;jyKí oifcef;pm

tcef;wpfcef;csif;pDtay: oifrnfrQ em;vnfonfqkdonfudk

tuJjzwf qef;ppfMunhfEkdifygonf/

jrefrmha&;&m

þpmtkyf\ oifcef;pmtrsm;pkwGif jrefrmha&;&m u@rsm; yg0ifonf/

¤if;u@onf oufqkdif&m oifcef;pmyg taMumif;t&mukd tajccHí

jrefrmhta&;ukd txl;jyK avhvmwifjyxm;aom tykdif;jzpfNyD; tqkdyg

taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufí oif\ em;vnfrIukd qef;ppfEkdifrnfh

twkdcsKyf avhusifhcef;rsm; yg0ifonf/

y#dyu©ukd em;vnfjcif;pmtkyfudk toHk;jyKenf;

4


5

tcef; (1) - y#dyu©udk em;vnfjcif;

tcef; (1) \ oif,lavhvma&; &nfrSef;csufrsm;

A[kkokkw

,ck oifcef;pmwGif atmufyg

taMumif;t&mwkdYESifh ywfouf

aom todynm A[kokwrsm;

wkd;yGm;vmapvdrfhrnf/

• y#dyu©tqifhrsm;

• y#dyu©wGif yg0ifaeaom

Zmwfaumif rsm;

• y#dyu©wpfcktwGif; &Sdaeaom

&nfrSef;csufrsm;

• tjyeftvSef qufqHa&;rsm;u

y#dyu©rsm;tay: oufa&mufyHk

• y#dyu©tay: wkH Y jyefyH kE Sif h

ywfouf í usm;? r jzpfrIa&;&m

u@u uREkfyfwkdYtm; avhusifh

oifMum;ay;yHk

• y#dyu©\ aumif;usdK;? qkd;usdK;

rsm;

uRrf;usifrI pGrf;&nfrsm;


enf;pepfrsm;ESifh ywfoufaom

pGrf;&nfrsm; zGHUNzdK;wkd;wuf

vmap vdrfhrnf/

• rwluGJjym;aom y#dyu©tqifh

rsm; ukd cGJjcm;owfrSwfEkdifjcif;

• y#dyu©udk jzpfaprnfh udpö&yfrsm;

udk qef;ppf azmfxkwfEkdifjcif;

• y#dyu©wGif yg0ifaeaom t"du

ZmwfaumifESifh ZmwfykdYrsm;udk

azmfxkwf owfrSwfEkdifjcif;

• oymZmw jzpfEk di faom

&nfrSef;csuf rsm;ESifh oymZmw

rjzpfEkdifaom &nfrSef;csufrsm;

tMum; uGJjym; jcm;em;pGm em;vnf

Ekdifjcif;

• qufqHa&;rsm;tay: oufa&muf

aeaom vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufcsuf

rsm; udk qef;ppf azmfxkwfEkdifjcif;

pHwefzkd;rsm;


taMumif;t&mwkdYukd qifjcif

oHk;oyfvmEkdifapvdrhfrnf/

• rwluGJjym;aom y#dyu©tqifh

rsdK;pHku oifhtay: rnfuJhokdY

oufa&mufyHk

• oifhb0wGif ta&;ygaom

y#dyu© qkdif&m taMumif;udpö

rsm;

• qufqHa&;rsm;tay: oufa&muf

aeaom vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufcsuf

rsm;

• y#dyu© tajctaersm;wGif jyKrl

wwfaom usm;? r jzpfrIu@

qkdif&m trltusifhrsm;

• y#dyu©\ tusdK;tjrwf

6


1.1 - y#dyu©tqifhrsm;tBudKoifcef;pm

oifhtaejzifh atmufyg azmfjycsuf

rsm;udk oabmwlygovm;? oabm

xm; uGJvGJygovm;/

• ]]y#dyu©rsm; r&SdvQif urÇmBuD;

onf ykdrkd aumif;rGefom,may

vdrhfrnf/}}

• ]]Nidrf;csrf;aom urÇm[lonf

vufawGUwGif rnfonfhtcg

rQ &SdvmEkdifrnf r[kwf/}}

• ]]wpfcgu &efoljzpfcJholonf

tNrJwrf; &efolom jzpfonf/}}

y#dyu©[lonf vlYtzGJUtpnf;\ ae&mpHk? tvTmpHkwGif jzpfay:wwfonfh oabm&Sdonf/

y#dyu©rsm;udk trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;&mwGif y#dyu©wpf&yftwGif; vlaygif;rnfrQ yg0if

ywfoufaeonf okdYr[kwf tqkdyg y#dyu©u vlaygif;rnfrQtay: oufa&mufrI

&Sdaeonf qkdonfh tcsufrsm;tay: tajccHí cGJjcm;owfrSwfMuonf/ y#dyu©rsm;onf

atmufyg oufqkdif&mbufrsm;Mum;wGif awGU&Sd&wwfonf/

• vlwpfOD;csif;pDMum;rS y#dyu© (vlyk*¾dKvfcsif; y#dyu©)

• vlrItpktzGJUrsm; (tkyfpkcsif; y#dyu©)

• EkdifiHwpfckESifh wpfcktMum; y#dyu© (EkdifiHcsif; y#dyu©)

1/ y#dyu© 10 ckudk pm&if;jyKpkyg/

2/ tqkdyg y#dyu©rsm;udk vlyk*¾dKvfcsif; y#dyu©? tkyfpkcsif; y#dyu©? EdkifiHcsif; y#dyu©

[lí trsdK;tpm; cGJjyyg/

3/ tao;i,fqHk; y#dyu©wGif vlaygif;rnfrQ yg0ifywfoufaeoenf;? tBuD;qHk;

y#dyu©wGif vlaygif;rnfrQ yg0ifywfoufaeoenf;/

vkyfief;rsm;

y#dyu©tqifhrsm; - 1

y#dyu©rsm;onf vlwpfOD;csif;Mum;üaomf vnf;aumif;? tpktzGJUrsm;Mum;üaomfvnf;aumif;?

EkdifiHrsm;Mum;üaomfvnf;aumif; tvTmtrsdK;rsdK;wGif ay:aygufwwfonf/


7

vlyk*¾dKvfcsif; y#dyu©rsm;

vlyk*¾dKvfcsif; y#dyu©rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\ vlrIqufqHa&;tm;vHk;wGif jzpfyGm;ay:ayguf

wwfonf/ twef;azmftcsif;csif;? oli,fcsif;tcsif;csif;? rdbcsif;? nDtpfukd

armifESrcsif;? rdwfaqGcsif;? uav;csif;? q&mcsif;? vkyfazmfukdifzufcsif; ? tdrfeD;em;csif;

wkdYMum;wGif jzpfyGm;wwfMuaom y#dyu©rsdK; jzpfonf/

vlyk*¾dKvfcsif; y#dyu©rsdK;onf tjcm; y#dyu© trsdK;tpm;rsm;ESifh uGmjcm;wwfMuonf/

xkdokd Y jzpf&jcif;rSm vlyk*¾dKvfcsif;jzpfaom y#dyu©rsm;onf vltenf;i,fudkom

oufa&mufrI &SdapNyD; NrdKUwpfNrdKUvHk;? e,fwpfe,fvHk;? EkdifiHwpfEkdifiHvHk;udk oufa&mufrI

r&SdapaomaMumifh jzpfonf/

tkyfpkcsif; y#dyu©rsm;

tkyfpkcsif; y#dyu©[lonf vlrItkyfpkwpfpkESifh wpfpkMum; jzpfyGm;wwfaom y#dyu©rsdK;

jzpfonf/ tkyfpk[kqkd&mwGif ao;i,faom tkyfpkrsm; jzpfEkdifovkd BuD;rm;aom tkyfpkrsm;

vnf; jzpfEkdifonf/ ao;i,faom tkyfpkrsm;wGif tkyfpk0iftoD;oD;wkdYonf wpfOD;ESifh

wpfOD; vlyk*¾dKvfcsif; oduRrf;aeMuonf/ Oyrm - rdom;pkaqGrsdK;rsm;? vli,f*dkPf;rsm;?

tao;pm;tzGJUtpnf;av;rsm; ponfwkdY jzpfonf/

BuD;rm;aom tkyfpkrsm;wGifrl tkyfpk0iftajrmuftjrm; &SdwwfMuonf/ tkyfpk0ifwpfOD;u

tkyfpkxJ&Sd tjcm;vlrsm; tm;vHk;udk od&SdzdkY&m rjzpfEkdifay/ tqkdyg y#dyu©rsdK;rsm;udk

azmfjyonfhtcg wpfOD;csif; vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk tm½Hkpkdufavh r&Sday/ xkdtpm; tkyfpkwpfckvHk;udk

vTrf;NcHKí tm½kHpkdufavh&Sdonf/ tqkdyg tkyfpkrsm;wGif atmufyg tpktzGJUrsm; yg0ifonf/

• wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;

• bmoma&;tkyfpkrsm;

• vlrIvlwef;pm;rsm;

• ppfwyf

• &JwyfzGJU

• or*¾rsm;

• EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;

• ukrÜPDrsm;

BuD;rm;aom tkyfpkrsm;Mum; jzpfyGm;onfh y#dyu©rsm;onf EkdifiHwpfEkdifiH&Sd vlOD;a&wpf&yf

vHk;udk oufa&mufrI &SdapEkdifonf/ tBuD;pm;tkyfpkcsif;jzpfaom y#dyu© ESpfrsdK; &Sdonf/

• vlrItokdif;t0kdif;csif; y#dyu© tqkdyg y#dyu©rsdK;wGif tkyfpkwpfpk? tpktzGJUwpfcku

rdrdwkdYukd,f rdrdwkdY tjcm;tkyfpkESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf[k owfrSwfcH,lxm;wwfMu

onf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh a'owpfcktwGif; ]rlvaexkdifvmcJholrsm;} ESifh ]topfa&muf&Sdol

vlopfrsm;} Mum;wGif jcm;em;rsOf;wpfck &SdEkdifaom tajctaersdK; jzpfonf/ trsm;

tm;jzifh vlrItokdif;t0kdif;Mum; y#dyu©[lonf bmoma&;? vlrsdK;a&;ESifh EkdifiHom;

jzpfrIcsif; rwlnDaom vlrItpktzGJUrsm;Mum; jzpfyGm;wwfonfh y#dyu©rsdK; jzpfonf/

• EkdifiHwGif; y#dyu©rsm; tqkdyg y#dyu©rsm;onf EkdifiHwpfEkdifiHtwGif;&Sd tpkd;&tpktzGJU

ESifh tpkd;& r[kwfaom tpktzGJUrsm;Mum; jzpfyGm;onfh y#dyu©rsdK; jzpfonf/ Oyrmtm;

jzifh zdvpfykdifrS ]]jynfolYtmPmvIyf&Sm;rI}} udk nTef;qkdEkdifygonf/ 1986 ckESpfwGif

zm'Deefrm;ukdYpf\ tmPm&Sifpepfukd jzKwfcszkdY&m jynfolvlxku toHk;jyKcJhaom

tMurf;rzuf vlxkvIyf&Sm;rIwpf&yfvnf; jzpfonf/ aemufxyf Oyrm - wpfckrSm

1983 ckESpfESifh 2009 ckESpfMum; jzpfyGm;cJhaom oD&dvuFmtpkd;&ESifh vufeufukdif

wrD;vf usm;olykefwkdYMum;u y#dyu©rsdK; jzpfonf/

EkdifiHwGif; y#dyu© - oD&dvuFmEkdifiHwGif

tpkd;&wyfu 0ifa&mufwkdufckdufrIaMumifh

xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifaeMuaom wrD;vf

'ku©onfrsm;/ zdvpfykdif\ jynfolUtmPm

awmfvSefa&; vIyf&Sm;rIudk *kPfjyKxm;aom

r*¾Zif;rsufESmzHk;/

8


tjynfjynfqkdif&m y#dyu© okdYr[kwf EkdifiHcsif;jzpfaom y#dyu©

tjynfjynfqkdif&m y#dyu©[lonf ESpfEkdifiH okdYr[kwf ESpfEkdifiHtxuf EkdifiHrsm;Mum; jzpfyGm;

aom y#dyu©rsdK; jzpfonf/ EkdifiHrsm;Mum; jzpfyGm;aom y#dyu©onf tMurf;zufenf;jzifh

jzpfEkdifovkd tMurf;zufrIrygbJESifhvnf; jzpfEkdifygonf/ ESpfEkdifiHMum; jzpfyGm;aom

tMurf;zuf y#dyu©onf ppfyGJyif jzpfonf/ urÇmay:wGif jzpfyGm;cJhzl;aom tBuD;rm;qHk;

tjynfjynfqkdif&m y#dyu©rSm 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; jzpfonf/ 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;onf

1939 ckESpf rS 1945 ckESpf txd jzpfyGm;cJhNyD; EkdifiHaygif; 70 cefY yg0ifwkdufckdufí vlaygif;

64 oef;cefY aoqHk;cJh&onf/

ESpfEkdifiHMum; jzpfyGm;onfh tMurf;zufrIrygaom y#dyu© Oyrmjzpf&yfwpfckrSm xdkif;ESifh

rav;&Sm;wkdYMum; jzpfyGm;cJhaom y#dyu©rsdK; jzpfonf/ ¤if;wkdY ESpfEkdifiHonf xkdif;

yifv,fauGUwGif 1970 ckESpftvGef umvrsm;txd e,fedrdwf y#dyu© jzpfyGm;cJhMuonf/

1979 ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGifrS tqkdyga'owGif a&eHESifh obm0"mwfaiGUukd ESpfEkdifiHpvHk;

yl;aygif;&SmazG wl;azmf&ef oabmwlnDrI &cJhonf/ xkdtcsdefuwnf;upí ,cktcsdeftxd

obm0"mwfaiGUwGif;aygif; 22 wGif; wl;azmfawGU&SdcJhNyD; ESpfEkdifiH yl;aygif;xkwfvkyfa&;rsm;

vkyfukdifcJhMuonf/ ,cktcg tqkdyga'oudk xkdif; - rav;&Sm; yl;aygif;zGHUNzdK;a&;a'o

tjzpf owfrSwfac:wGifvmMuonf/

1/ atmufazmfjyyg tajctaewpf&yfcsif;pDtwGuf EkdifiHcsif; okdYr[kwf tkyfpkcsif;

okdYr[kwf vlyk*d¾Kvfcsif; pojzifh y#dyu©tqifhrsm; cGJjcm; owfrSwfjyyg/

u/ uav;ESpfa,mufonf upm;p&mt½kyfwpf½kyfudk vk&if; &efjzpfMuonf/

c/ 'kwd,urÇmppf/

*/ bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf EkdifiHwGif; 'Drkdua&pD &&Sda&;twGuf

tpkd;&udk uefYuGufqE´jyMuonf/

C/ jrefrmor®wonf ¤if;\ uav;awG nbuf b,ftcsdeftxd tjyif

xGufcGifh jyKoifhovJqkdonfh udpöESifh ywfoufí ZeD;jzpfolESifh pum;rsm;

onf/

i/ jrefrmor®wonf obm0o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm; a&mif;csa&;ESifh

ywfoufí w½kwfor®wESifh pum;rsm;onf/

p/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkwpfpkonf vufeufudkifwyfzGJUwpfck wnfaxmifí

tpkd;&ppfwyfukd awmfvSef wkdufckdufMuonf/

q/ vrf;ay:wGif Armwpfa,mufu &ckdifwpfa,muftm; vlrsdK;a&;udk

&nfnTef;í qJqkdonf/

vkyfief;rsm;

y#dyu©tqifhrsm; - 2

atmufygyHkrsm;rS rnfonfh y#dyu©

tajctaeudk azmfjyaeoenf;/

I. vlyk*¾dKvfcsif; y#dyu©

II. tkyfpkcsif; y#dyu©

III. EkdifiHcsif; y#dyu©


9

Z/ vrf;ay:wGif ucsifwpfa,mufu tjcm;ucsifwpfa,muftm; um;armif;

Murf;onfhtwGuf qJqkdonf/

ps/ NydKifbufabmvHk;toif;ESpfoif;\ y&dowfrsm;onf wpfzufESifh wpfzuf

wkdufckdufMuonf/

2/ txufazmfjyyg tkyfpkcsif; y#dyu©rsm;xJrS vlrItokdif;t0kdif;csif;jzpfaom

y#dyu©ESifh EkdifiHwGif; y#dyu©wkdYukd trsdK;tpm; jyefvnf cGJjcm;jyyg/

3/ y#dyu© tajctae&Sdaom Oyrm 5 ckukd a&;jyyg/

4/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ wGJyg/ xkdYaemuf oifa&;xm;aom tajctaersm;udk oifh

wGJzuftm; y#dyu©tqifhrsm; owfrSwfckdif;yg/

jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsufoifhtaejzifh rnfokdYaom vlyk*d¾Kvfcsif; y#dyu©? tkyfpkcsif; y#dyu© okdYr[kwf EkdifiHcsif;

y#dyu©rsdK;wkdYwGif yg0ifywfoufcJhzl;oenf;/

jrefrmha&;&m - ppfawGaq;½HkrS olemjyKrsm; qE´jyjcif;

usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme½Hk;csKyfu &ckdifjynfe,f

NrdKUawmf jzpfaom ppfawGNrdKUokdY txuft&m&Sd ESpfOD;

apvTwfcJhonf/ q&m0efwpfOD;ESifh olemjyKESpfOD;wkdY y#dyu©

jzpfyGm; MuNyD;aemuf olemjyKrsm;u qEjyrI jyKvkyfcJhMujcif;

jzpfonf/

ppfawGaq;½HkrS vlrsm;\ ajymMum;csuft&

q&m0efonf olemjyKESpfOD;udk a'gojzpfcJ honf[k

od&onf/ tqkdyg olemjyKESpfOD;onf vlemrsm;ESifh

ywfoufaom tpD&ifcHpmudk tcsdefrD a&;om;ay;ykdY&ef

ysufuGufcJhonf[k q&m0efu qkdonf/ ¤if;q&m0efu

tqkdyg olemjyKESpfOD;\ xkdifcHkrsm;udk apmifhwGef;NyD; a&bl;

ESifh ypfaygufcJh&m olemjyKwpfOD;\ajcaxmufudk xdrSefcJhonf/

olemjyKESpfOD;u rausreyfjzpfNyD; aq;½HktkyfcsKyfa&;okdY wkdifMum;onf/ okdYaomf aq;½Hkrefae*smu q&m0efudk

tjypfray;&ef qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ ESpfzufpvHk;u rSm;cJhaMumif; aq;½Hkrefae*smu ajymcJhonf/ xkdtajctaeukd olemjyKrsm;u

rausreyfjzpfum 3 em&DMum tvkyfrvkyfbJ aejcif;jzifh qEjycJhMuonf/ xYkdaemuf a'otmPmykdifrsm; a&mufvmNyD; olemjyKrsm;

ESifh aphpyfaqG;aEG;rIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ olemjyKrsm; tvkyfjyefvkyfrnfqkdygu ,ck jyóemudk ajyvnfatmif ajz&Sif;ay;rnf[k

tmPmykdifrsm;bufu uwdjyKcJhMuonf/

qE´jyrI NyD;qHk;oGm;onfhtcg olemjyKwpfOD;u ,ckvkd ajymMum;cJhonf/ ]]tJ'Dq&m0efu olemjyKawGudk jyefawmif;yef

vkdufygNyD? avmavmq,fawmh bmjyóemrS r&Sdawmhygbl;/}} tqkdyg jyóemudk ajz&Sif;NyD;NyD jzpfaMumif;vnf; aq;½Hkrefae*smu

ajymqkdcJhonf/ okdYaomf a'otpkd;&uawmh ppfawGaq;½HkrS olemjyKrsm;rSm auseyfrIr&ao;aMumif; ajymMum;cJhonf/

Source: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/16722-inquiry-launched-after-nurses-in-sittwe-walk-off-job.htm

1/ tqkdyg y#dyu©onf rnfonfh tqifhwGif jzpfyGm;aom y#dyu©rsdK; jzpfoenf;/

2/ y#dyu©tqifhonf rnfonfh tcsdefwGif ajymif;vJoGm;oenf;/

3/ tb,faMumifh olemjyKtajrmuftjrm;u qE´jycJhMuonf[k oif,lqygoenf;/

10


1.2 - y#dyu©rsm; jzpfyGm;ay:aygufyHktBudKoifcef;pm

tjcm; vlwpfa,mufa,muftm;

y#dyu©wpf&yfukd em;vnfapzkdYqkd

vQif oifhtaejzifh y#dyu©ESifh

ywfoufí rnfonfht&mwkdYukd

ajymjyrnfenf;/

vlwkdif;wGif yk*d¾Kvfcsif; y#dyu©rsdK; &Sdzl;Muonf/ tqkdyg y#dyu©rsdK;onf rdom;pktwGif;ü

aomfvnf;aumif;? tdrfeD;csif;rsm;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? tvkyfüaomfvnf;aumif;?

rdwfaqG oli,fcsif;rsm;ESihfaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfyGm;wwfMuaom y#dyu©rsdK; jzpfonf/

trsm;tm;jzifh y#dyu©rsm;onf taMumif;t&mwpfck okdYr[kwf ta&;udpöwpf&yf&yftay:

tajcwnfí ay:aygufwwfMuwmrsdK; jzpfonf/

1/ azmfjyyg Zmwfvrf;rsm;xJrS rnfonfh Zmwfvrf;u oifESifh &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifNyD;om;

jzpfygoenf;/

2/ Zmwfvrf;wpfckcsif;pDu rnfonfh taMumif;t&mudk azmfjyxm;ygoenf;/

3/ y#dyu©jzpfaponfh taMumif;udpö&yfrsm;udk od&Sdxm;jcif;u tb,faMumifh

toHk;0if&ygoenf;/

4/ y#dyu©jzpfaponfh taMumif;udpö&yfrsm;udk od&Sdxm;jcif;u y#dyu©udk em;vnf

oGm;ap&ef vHkavmufrI &Sdygovm;/ bmaMumifh vHkavmufonf okdYr[kwf

rvHkavmuf&onfudk &Sif;jyyg/

5/ y#dyu©udk ydkrdk em;vnfap&ef tjcm; rnfonfwdkYudk od&Sd&ef vdktyfygoenf;/

vkyfief;rsm;

taMumif;udpöudk qef;ppfazmfxkwf

jcif;

rdom;pkwpfpkwGif ta&;BuD;aom yGJawmfumvwpfcktwGif; oGm;a&muf vnfywf&rnfh ae&mESifh ywfoufí oabmxm;

uGJvGJrIrsm; jzpfaeonf/ eef;vsefu rdom;pkudk aqGrsdK;rsm;qD oGm;a&muf vnfywfapvkdonf/ pkdif;ausmf0if;url rdom;pktm;

ta&;ygaom bk&m;ausmif;wpfckokdY oGm;oifhaMumif; ajymonf/ xkdae&mESpfcku wpfckESifhwpfck tawmftvSrf;a0;vSonf/

¤if;wkdY\ uav;i,f ESpfOD;uawmh tqkdyg oabmxm; uGJvGJrIxJwGif ryg0ifay/ yGJawmf&uf eD;vmonfESifhtrQ tqkdyg

oabmxm; uGJvGJrIrSm ykdí jyif;xefvmNyD;? pdwfcHpm;rItoGifaqmifvmonf/ rdrdwkdY\ t,ltqrSm rdom;pktwGuf

taumif;qHk; jzpfaprnfht&m[k ESpfOD;pvHk;uvnf; cH,lxm;Muonf/

rdom;pkwpfpkwGif ausmif;wufa&; udpöESifh ywfoufí oabmxm;uGJvGJrIrsm; jzpfaeonf/ apmatmifrsdK;u txufwef;

ausmif;wufvkdonf/ rdcifESifh zcifwkdYu ¤if;tm; tvkyfxGufvkyfNyD; rdom;pkudk vkyfauR;wmrsdK; jzpfapvkdonf/

apmatmifrsdK;\ tbkd;u ESpfzufpvHk;\ oabmxm;udk em;vnfNyD; rdom;pkwGif; Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf; jzpfapvkdonf/ tjcm;

rdom;pk0ifrsm;uawmh tqkdyg y#dyu©wGif yg0ifywfoufjcif; r&SdMuacs/

olZmu pHyD;udk vufxyfvkdonf/ okdYaomf pHyD;ESifh olru vlrsdK; rwlay/ olr\ rdbrsm;u vufxyfrnfh udpöudk jyif;jyif;

xefxef uefYuGufaeonf/ olwkdYu olZmtm; rdrdwkdYESifh ,Ofaus;rI "avhwlolrsm;xJrS wpfOD;OD;ESifhom tdrfaxmifjyKapvkd

onf/ olZmuawmh cspfaomolESifh vufxyfEkdifzkdYonfom t"duta&;BuD;onf[k cH,lxm;onf/ olr\ rdbrsm;url

½kd;&m,Ofaus;rI"avhudk xdef;odrf;a&;onfom rdom;pktwGuf ykdí ta&;BuD;onf[k ,HkMunfxm;Muonf/

ukda&T&ESifh ukdNzdK;armifwkdYonf taqmifwpfckwGif twlaeMuonf/ ukda&T&u ocFsmpmar;yGJwpfck ajz&eftwGuf pmMunfhae

onf/ olonf wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwf pmMunfh&wmrsdK;udk ESpfoufol jzpfonf/ ukdNzdK;armifu aemufwpfaeY naewGif

wD;&rnfh yGJwpfyGJ&SdaomaMumifh *pfwmwD;aeonf/ udka&T&u olpmvkyfí r&aomaMumifh ukdNzdK;armif *pfwmwD;aewmukd

&yfapcsifonf/ ukdNzdK;armifuvnf; aemufaeYyGJBuD;wpfyGJwGif wD;&eftwGuf *pfwmwD; avhusifhzkdY vkdaeonf/

aqmrfqefESifh qkdif;ZDwkdYonf nDtpfrrsm; jzpfMuonf/ olwkdY ESpfOD;pvHk;onf t½kyfrav;ESifh upm;vkdMuonf okdYaomf

t½kyfu wpf½kyfwnf;om &Sdaeonf/ xkdYaMumifh t½kyfrukd &&Sda&;twGuf olwkdYESpfOD; &efjzpfMuawmhonf/ qkdif;ZDDu

aqmrfqef\ qHyifudk qGJonf? aqmrfqefu qkdif;ZDudk uefonf/ xkdYaemufwGifawmh ESpfa,mufpvHk; atmf[pfMuNyD;

t½kyfrudk tykdifpD;Ekdifa&;twGuf wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf owfykwfMuawmhonf/

q&mru olr\ twef;ol twef;om;rsm;tm; aemufvkyf&rnfh vkyfief;tpDtpOfwpfckudk a&G;cs,fcGifh jyKvkdufonf/

atmifatmifu vlwkdif;ukd yg0gyGdKifhESifh wifjywmrsdK; vkyfapcsifonf/ eEmuawmh tzGJUvkduf o½kyfazmfjyuGufrsdK; vkyfapcsif

onf/ EGef;[efurl tqkdyg vkyfief;rsdK;ukd rvkyfcsif? xkdtpm; pmar;yGJajz&wmrsdK;udk vkyfapcsifonf/ ¤if;wkdY 3 OD;onf

rnfonfh tBuHÓPftaumif;qHk;vJqkdonfESifh ywfoufí aqG;aEG;jiif;cHkMuonf/ ausmif;ol^ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf;

rdrdwkdY tm;oef&mbufrS toD;oD;0ifa&muf axmufcHMuonf/

u

c

*

C

i

p


11

1/ pmrsufESm (10) wGif azmfjycJhaom erlemZmwfvrf;rsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh

owif;Zmwfvrf;rsm;udk pdwful;,Of a&;om;yg/ Zmwfvrf;wpfckcsif;pD

twGuf owif;acgif;pOfrsm; wyfay;yg/

2/ tzGJUrsm; zGJUí oifwkdY\ acgif;pOfrsm;udk EIdif;,SOf avhvmMunfhyg/ Zmwfvrf;

wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf toifhawmfqHk; acgif;pOftoD;oD;udk a&G;cs,fyg/

1/ oifhb0wGif awGU&avh&Sdaom y#dyu©rsm;rSm rnfonfh taMumif;udpörsm;

jzpfoenf;/ atmufyg uGufvyfrsm;udk jznfhyg/

u/ uRefawmf^uRefr rdom;pkwGif ____ ESifh ywfoufí tjiif;yGm;aeMu

onf/

c/ uRefawmf uRefr\ tdrfeD;0ef;usifwGif _______ ESifh ywfoufí

jyóemrsm; &Sdaeonf/

*/ oli,fcsif;ESifh uRefawmf uRefronf _____ taMumif; aqG;aEG;wkdif;

jyóem jzpf&onf/

2/ tcef;xJwGif vSnhfvnfMunfhyg/ oif\ taMumif;udpörsm;ESifh tjcm;

ausmif;ol ausmif;om;wkdY\ taMumif;udpöwkdYudk EIdif;,SOf avhvmMunfhyg/

oifESifh taMumif;udpöcsif; wlnDaeol rnfrQ &Sdygoenf;/

aqG;aEG;csuf1/ oifwef;ol^oifwef;om;rsm;Mum;wGif tm;vHk;bHkwlnDaeaom y#dyu© jzpfap

onfh taMumif;t&if;wpf&yfrSm rnfonfh udpö&yf jzpfoenf;/

2/ oif\ vlrItokdif;t0kdif;rS vlrsm;wGif rnfonfh ta&;udpörsm;udk tjiif;yGm;ae

Muoenf;/

3/ jrefrmjynfwGif y#dyu©jzpfaponfh tBuD;rm;qHk;aom ta&;udpörsm;udk azmfjyyg/

vkyfief;rsm;

owif;acgif;pOfrsm;

vkyfief;rsm;

oif\ b0xJrS y#dyu©rsm;

igrSefw,f igvnf;rSefwmyJ

12


1.3 - y#dyu©rsm;twGif;rS Zmwfaumifrsm;

y#dyu©wpf&yfwGif yg0ifywfouf

aeol tm;vHk;onf wef;wlnDrQpGm

ta&;ygrI &SdMuygovm;/

tBudKoifcef;pm

t"duZmwfaumifrsm;ESifh t&HZmwfaumifrsm;

Zmwfaumifrsm; qkdonfrSm y#dyu©wpf&yfwGif yg0ifywfoufaeolrsm;udk qkdvkdonf/

½kyf&SifZmwfvrf;rsm;rSm uJhokdYyif t"duZmwfaumifrsm;ESifh t&HZmwfaumifrsm;[lí

&SdMuonf/ t"duZmwfaumifrsm;onf y#dyu©wpf&yfwGif t"duusaom tcef;u@

rS yg0ifaeavh&Sdonf/ ¤if;wkdYukd NydKifbufrsm; okdYr[kwf qefYusifbufrsm; [lívnf;

ac:Muonf/ pmrsufESm (10) wGif azmfjycJhaom Zmwfvrf; (u) wGif pkdif;ausmf0if;ESifh

eef;vsefwkdYrSm t"duZmwfaumifrsm; jzpfonf/ oabmxm;uGJvGJrIu ¤if;wkdY ESpfOD;Mum;

wGif ay:aygufaejcif; jzpfonf/

y#dyu©wpf&yfwGif t&HZmwfaumifrsm; yg0ifaeavh&Sdaomfvnf; ¤if;wkdYrSm t"duus

aom tcef;u@wGif &Sdraeay/ Zmwfvrf; (u) wGif ¤if;wkdY ESpfOD;\ uav;rsm;rSm t&H

Zmwfaumifrsm; jzpfonf/ uav;i,frsm;onf oabmxm;uGJvGJrIwGif ryg0ifaomfvnf;

tqkdyg oabmxm;uGJvGJrI\ tusdK;oufa&mufrIudk cH&rnfholrsm; jzpfaeonf/ rdb

jzpfolrsm;url uav;i,frsm;udk rdrdbuftoD;oD;okdYom vkdufapcsifNyD; tjcm;olbuf

udk qefYusifapvkdwwfMuonf/

avhusifhcef; vlyk*d¾Kvfcsif; y#dyu© Oyrm - Zmwfvrf;rsm;xJrS t"duZmwfaumifrsm;ESifh t&H

Zmwfaumifrsm;udk cGJjcm;owfrSwfjyyg/

y#dyu© t"duZmwfaumifrsm; t&HZmwfaumifrsm;

Zmwfvrf; u pkdif;ausmf0if;? eef;vsef 4if;wkdY\ uav;i,frsm;

Zmwfvrf; c

Zmwfvrf; *

Zmwfvrf; C

Zmwfvrf; i

Zmwfvrf; p

1/ pmrsufESm (10) rS Oyrmwpfckudk a&G;cs,fyg/ ay;xm;aom pmykd'fwGif azmfjy

rxm;onfh &SdEkdifao;aom tjcm; t&HZmwfaumifrsm;udk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/

2/ t&HZmwfaumifrsm;u rnfonfh tvkyfrsm;udk vkyfaqmifEkdifoenf;/

Oyrm - Zmwfvrf; (u) wGif &SdEkdifao;aom tjcm; t&HZmwfaumifrsm;rSm -

• eef;vsef\ rdbrsm; / / ¤if;wkdYu orD;jzpfol eef;vseftm; yGJawmfumvtwGif; ¤if;wkdYqDokdY

vmvnfapcsifaMumif; ajymaumif; ajymEkdifygonf/

• pkdif;ausmf0if;\ bmoma&;q&m / / ¤if;u pkdif;ausmf0if;tm; aumif;rI ukokdvfvkyf&ef

wkdufwGef;aumif; wkdufwGef;Ekdifygonf/

• pkdif;ausmf0if;\ oli,fcsif;rsm; / / ¤if;wkdYu pkdif;ausmf0if;tm; rdom;pktwGuf qHk;jzwfcsuf

rSeforQudk a,mufsm; (cifyGef;) jzpfoluom csrSwf&rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymaumif;

ajymEkdifygonf/

vkyfief;rsm;

t&HZmwfaumifrsm;\u@


13

vlyk*d¾KvfESifh Zmwfaumif

Zmwfaumifwpfaumif[lonf tNrJwrf; vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wnf;r[kwfbJ? y#dyu©wpf&yf

twGif;rS bufwpfzufbufukd ukd,fpm;jyKaeavh&Sdonf/ y#dyu©wpf&yftwGif;rS

Zmwfaumifwpfaumifonf vlyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;wpfa,muf jzpfEkdifovkd vlwpfpkwpfzGJU

okdYr[kwf EkdifiHwpfEkdifiHvHk;vnf; jzpfEkdifygonf/ pmrsufESm (10) wGif azmfjycJhaom

Zmwfvrf; (c) wGif apmatmifrsdK;\ rdbrsm;rSm rdcifESifh zcif[laom vlESpfa,muf

jzpfonf/ okdYaomf ¤if;wkdY ESpfOD;pvHk; jzpfapcsifaomt&mu wlnDaeonf? xkdYaMumifh

¤if;wkdYukd Zmwfaumifwpfaumif[k owfrSwfEkdifonf/ tqkdyg y#dyu©wGif ¤if;wkdY ESpfOD;

pvHk;u apmatmifrsdK;udk ausmif;qufrwufapcsifbJ tvkyfvkyfapcsifaejcif; jzpfonf/

EkdifiHcsif; y#dyu© okdYr[kwf tkyfpkcsif; y#dyu©wkdYwGif oufqkdif&mEkdifiHrsm; okdYr[kwf

bmoma&;tpktzGJUrsm;? vlrItpktzGJUrsm;udk Zmwfaumifwpfaumifwnf;[lí owfrSwf

Ekdifygonf/ ¤if;wkdYtm;vHk;onf &nfrSef;csufwpfcktay: tajccHí pkpnf;xm;Mujcif;

jzpfNyD; jzpfcsifaomqE´rSmvnf; wpfxyfwnf; jzpfaewwfMuonf/

avhusifhcef;atmufyg azmfjycsufrsm;tm; rSm;^rSef qHk;jzwfay;yg? rSm;ygu trSefjzpfatmif

jyifay;yg/

1/ y#dyu©wpf&yfwGif tzGJUtpnf;wpfckvHk;onf Zmwfaumifwpfaumif jzpfEkdif

ygonf/

2/ y#dyu©wpf&yfwGif vlrItpktzGJUwpfckonf wlnDaom &nfrSef;csuf &Sdaeonf

qdkygu ¤if;wkdYudk Zmwfaumifwpfaumiftjzpf owfrSwf,lqEkdifygonf/

3/ y#dyu©wpf&yfwGif Zmwfaumif ESpfaumifxuf ykdí r&SdwwfMuay/

4/ rdbrsm;onf y#dyu©wpf&yfwGif taMumif;udpöwpfckESifh ywfoufí oabm

wljcif;? rwljcif;tay: rlwnfNyD; Zmwfaumifwpfaumifwnf; jzpfEkdifovkd

Zmwfaumif ESpfaumifvnf; jzpfEkdifygonf/

Zmwfaumifrsm;\ &nfrSef;csufrsm; o[Zmw rjzpfrI

&nfrSef;csuf (OD;wnfcsuf okdYr[kwf yef;wkdif) [lonf y#dyu©wpf&yftwGif;rS Zmwfaumif

wpfaumifu vkdcsifaeaomt&mrsdK; jzpfonf/ y#dyu©[lonf oufqkdif&m Zmwfaumif

wkdY\ tvkdqErsm; uGJvGJrI&Sdvmonfhtcg ay:aygufvmwwfonf/ xkdYtjyif Zmwfaumif

ESpfOD; okdYr[kwf ESpfOD;xufykdaom Zmwfaumifrsm;u t&m0w¬K wpfrsdK;wnf;ukd tvkd&Sd

MuNyD; xkdt&m0w¬KrSmvnf; wpfckwnf;om &Ekdifonfh tajctaersdK;wGifvnf; y#dyu©

ay:aygufwwfygonf/ oufqkdif&m ZmwfaumifwkdYMum; xkduJhokdY &nfrSef;csufrsm;

o[Zmw rjzpfrIonf y#dyu©wpf&yf\ tajccH taMumif;t&if;yif jzpfonf/

pmrsufESm (10) wGif azmfjycJhaom Zmwfvrf; (u) ESifh (*) wGif Zmwfaumif ESpfOD;pvHk;\

&nfrSef;csufrsm; NyD;ajrmufatmifjrifap&ef rjzpfEkdifyg/ rdom;pkonf yGJawmfumvukd

bk&m;ausmif; okdYr[kwf ¤if;wkdY aus;&Gm ae&mESpfckxJrS wpfae&mwGifom ukefvGefEkdifonf/

wpfNydKifeufwnf;wGif ESpfae&mpvHk;ü aexkdifzkdY rjzpfEkdifay/ olZmtaejzifhvnf; pHyD;ukd

vufxyf&ifvufxyf odkYr[kwfygu tdrfaxmifrjyK½Hkom &Sdygonf/ olr\ qE´ESifh rdb

wkdY\ qE´u o[Zmw rjzpfbJ ajzmifhajzmifhBuD; qefYusifaejcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/

Zmwfaumifrsm;

Zmwfaumif

Zmwfaumif Zmwfaumif

14


1/ atmufazmfjyyg 0guswpfaMumif;pDwGif vkyfaqmifcsuf^jzpf&yf ESpfck yg0ifae

onf/ tqkdyg vkyfaqmifcsuf^jzpf&yfrsm;onf wpfckESifhwpfck a&SUaemuf

o[Zmw jzpf? rjzpf qHk;jzwfay;yg/ oif\ tjrifudk &Sif;vif;wifjyyg/

u/ wHcg;onf yGifhvsuf ydwfaeonf/

c/ *Grf*smvmonf bD,maomuf&if; oDcsif;qdkaeonf/

*/ rkd;&Gmí aeylaeonf/

C/ pkdif;onf 8 em&DyGJ ½kyf&Sifudk olYtpfudkESifhtwl oGm;MunfhcsifaeNyD; olYtpfukd

url naecif;udk tdrfrSmyJ aecsifaeonf/

i/ armifrsdK;wGif ydkufqH 5000 usyf &Sdonf/ olonf 5000 wef *smuif

wpfxnfESifh 5000 wef OD;xkyfwpfvHk;udk 0,fcsifaeonf/

p/ zcifjzpfolu ausmfausmftm; ppfxJ ykdYcsifaeonf/ rdcifuawmh ausmfausmf

tm; q&m0ef jzpfapvkdonf/

q/ ckdifckdifu vm;½Id;wGif aecsifonf/ cdkifckdifh rdcifu olrtm; &GmwGifom

aeapcsifonf/

Z/ ckdifckdifu olr\ r*FvmaqmifwGif acwfay:0wfpHkudk 0wfqifvkdNyD; rdcif

jzpfolu olrtm; ½kd;&m0wfpHkudkom 0wfqifapvdkonf/

2/ o[Zmw jzpfapaom vkyfaqmifcsuf^jzpf&yf Oyrm ESpfckudk a&;jyyg/

3/ o[Zmw rjzpfapaom vkyfaqmifcsuf^jzpf&yf Oyrm ESpfckudk a&;jyyg/

vkyfief;rsm;

o[Zmw jzpfovm;


15

jrefrmha&;&m - &efukefNrdKUv,fwGif vlul;wHwm; wnfaqmufrItm; NrdKUjy

tarGtESpf xdef;odrf;a&;tzGJUu uefYuGufjcif;

&efukefNrdKUjy tarGtESpf xdef;odrf;a&;tzGJU (Yangon Heritage Trust) u &efukefNrdKUxJ

wGif vlul;wHwm;wpfck wnfaqmufa&; pDrHudef;tm; qefYusifuefYuGufcJhonf/ wHwm;

aqmufvkdufygu tqdkyg ywf0ef;usifrS a&S;a[mif;taqmufttHkrsm;tm; trsm;jynfol

jrifuGif;rS uG,foGm;aprnfjzpfNyD; ywf0ef;usifudkvnf; t½kyfqkd;oGm;apvdrfhrnf[k ¤if;wkdY

tzGJUu qkdonf/

vlul;wHwm;onf &efukefNrdKU\ a&S;tusqHk;ESifh tvSqHk;aom taqmufttkH

jrifuGif;rsm; udk ysufpD;oGm;apvdrfhrnf[k &efukefNrdKUjy tarGtESpf xdef;odrf;a&;tzGJU

(Yangon Heritage Trust) rS t&m&SdwpfOD;jzpfol ra&T,if;rmOD;u ajymMum;cJhonf/ ]]'Dvlul;wHwm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; EkdifiHwumu

ynm&SifawGeJYvnf; uRefrwkdY aqG;aEG;MunfhNyD;ygNyD? wHwm;aqmufvkdufwJhtwGufaMumifh trsm;jynfolwkdYtwGuf ykdNyD;

ab;uif;vHkNcHKrI &SdoGm;apjcif;rsdK; jzpfrvmEkdifovkd ,mOfaMumydwfqkdYrI jyóemudkvnf; ajz&Sif;ay;EkdifrSm r[kwfbl;vkdY olwkdYu

axmufjyygw,f/}} wHwm;aqmufrnfhtpm; rD;yGdKifhrsm; wyfqifNyD; vrf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk ydkí Muyfrwfoifhonf[k olru

axmufjy ajymqkdcJhonf/

&efukefNrdKUawmfpnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwDrS udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;uvnf; ,ckvkd ajymMum;cJhonf/ ]]wHwm;udkawmh

aqmufoifhygw,f? bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh vlaygif; 150,000 ausmf[m 'vbufurf;uae &efukefjrpfudk jzwfNyD; &efukefNrdKUxJukd

aeYpOfeJYtrQ vmaeMu&ygw,f/ NyD;awmh qdyfurf;ay:u qif;qif;csif; teD;qHk; um;vrf;udk jzwful;Mu&ygw,f? tJ'Dae&mrSm

vlul;wHwm;udk aqmufaewmyg/}} tqkdyg wHwm;ukd aqmufvkyfaeaom ukrÜPDrS refae*smu ]]wHwm;u NrdKUjytarGtESpf

taqmufttkHawGudk jrifuGif; uG,faprSm r[kwfovkd ysufpD;aprSmvnf; r[kwfygbl;? ykdawmif tvSwkd;apOD;rSmyg}} [k ajymMum;

cJhonf/

'vNrdKUe,frS uav;ESpfa,mufrdcif roEÅmuawmh wHwm;aqmufvkyfrItay: olrtaejzifh axmufcHonf[k

qdkonf/ ]]uRefr uav;awGudk NrdKUxJu ausmif;udk tNrJwrf; vkdufykdYay;&ygw,f/ tJ'Dae&mu ukefwifum;BuD;awG?

vkdif;um;awG? ½kd;½kd;um;awG? qkduúm;awG? aps;onfawGeJY wpfcsdefvHk; ½IyfaewJhae&myg? um;wkdufrIawGvnf; cPcP jzpfw,f/

wHwm;aqmufvkdufr,fqkd&ifawmh uRefrwkdYawG vrf;udk ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;uif;eJY jzwful;Ekdifr,f? ,mOfaMumjyóemudkvnf;

ajz&Sif;EkdifrSm jzpfygw,f}} [k olru ajymMum;cJhygonf/

Source: http://www.irrawaddy.org/burma/heritage-group-opposes-footbridge-rangoons-historic-downtown.html

1/ tqkdyg y#dyu©wGif rnfolwkdYu t"duZmwfaumiftjzpf yg0ifaeoenf;/

2/ ¤if;wkdYwGif rnfonfh &nfrSef;csufrsm; &SdaeMuoenf;/

3/ ¤if;wkdY\ &nfrSef;csufrsm;rSm wpfckESifhwpfck oymZmw rjzpf[k qkdEkdifygovm;/

4/ tqkdyg y#dyu©udk rnfuJhokdY ajz&Sif;Ekdifrnf[k oifhtaejzifh pdwful;rdygoenf;/

5/ oifpdwful;xm;aom ajz&Sif;enf;\ tm;omcsufESifh tm;enf;csufwkdYudk azmfjyyg/

aqG;aEG;csuftkyfpkcsif; y#dyu©taMumif; ajymqkdonfhtcg tqkdyg tkyfpktwGif;rS vlwpfOD;csif;pD

\ taMumif;udk ajymqkdaejcif;[k qkdEkdifygovm;/

jyefvnfokH;oyfcsuf1/ oifonf y#dyu©rsm;wGif t"duZmwfaumiftjzpf yg0ifavh &Sdygovm;

odkYr[kwf t&HZmwfaumiftjzpf yg0ifavh &Sdygovm;/

2/ t&HZmwfaumiftjzpf yg0ifcJhonfh y#dyu©rsm;wGif &Sdaeaom oif\

&nfrSef;csuf tcsdKUudk azmfjyyg/

3/ t"duZmwfaumiftjzpf yg0ifcJhonfh y#dyu©rsm;wGif &Sdaeaom oif\

&nfrSef;csuf tcsdKUudk azmfjyyg/

16


1.4 - qufqHa&;rsm;ESifh y#dyu©©

1/ aumif;rGefaom qufqHa&;[l

onf tb,fenf;/

2/ qkd;&Gm;aom qufqHa&;[l

onf tb,fenf;/

3/ y#dyu©onf Zmwfaumif

ESpfaumifMum; qufqHa&;

tay: rnfokdY oufa&mufrI

&Sdapoenf;/

tBudKoifcef;pm

Zmwfaumifrsm;Mum; qufqHa&;onf y#dyu©wpf&yftay: oufa&mufrI &Sdapygonf/

aumif;rGefaom qufqHa&;wpfckwGif o[Zmw rjzpfaom &nfrSef;csufrsm;onf

xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifjcif; odkYr[kwf wkdufckdufjcif;rsm;okdY OD;wnfjcif; r&SdEkdifyg/ xkdtajctae

wGif Zmwfaumifrsm;onf wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; ,HkMunfrI &SdMuNyD; wpfOD;vkdtyfcsufudk

wpfOD;u xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;ay;avh &Sdygonf/ tajctaeudk y#dyu©wpf&yftjzpf

r½IjrifbJ jyóemwpf&yf tjzpfom ½IjrifMuonf/ yl;aygif;vufwGJ ajz&Sif;í &Ekdifaom

jyóemtjzpf ½Ijrifjcif;rsdK; jzpfonf/

tu,fí oufqkdif&m ZmwfaumifwkdY\ qufqHa&;rSm wif;rmNyD; tqifh okdYr[kwf

tcuftcJ &SdaeonfhtqifhokdY a&muf&SdaevQif uGJvGJrI tao;trTm;av;rsm;tay: taMumif;

cHíyif y#dyu©rsm; tvG,fwul ay:aygufvmEkdifonf/ aemufqHk; rnfonfh uGJvGJrIrsdK;rS

r&SdbJESifhvnf; y#dyu©rsm; tvG,fwul ay:aygufvmEkdifaom tajctaersdK; jzpfonf/

xkdtajctaewGif vlwkdYMum; &nfrSef;csufrsm; o[Zmw rjzpfrIrSm y#dyu©\ t"du

tajccHtaMumif;w&m; r[kwfawmhay/ txufu tajctaeESifh qefYusifbuf jzpfoGm;NyD;?

vlwkdYonf y#dyu©udk pwifrD;arT;&eftwGuf o[Zmw rjzpfrIudk taMumif;&SmwwfMuonf/

y#dyu©rsm;ukd ykdrkd em;vnfapzkdYqkdvQif t"dutcsufBuD; ESpfcsufudk MunfhzkdYvkdygonf/

yg0ifywfoufaeaom ZmwfaumifwkdY\ &nfrSef;csufrsm; o[Zmw rjzpfrIESihf

oufqkdif&m Zmwfaumifrsm;Mum; qufqHa&;wkdY jzpfonf/

avhusifhcef; atmufyg tajctaewkdYudk zwf½Ií ay;xm;aom ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqkdyg/

ukda&T&ESifh ukdNzdK;armifwkdYonf taqmifwpfckwGif twlaeMuonf/

ukda&T&u ocFsmpmar;yGJwpfck ajz&eftwGuf pmMunfhaeonf/ olonf wdwfwdwf

qdwfqdwf pmMunfh&wmrsdK;udk ESpfoufol jzpfonf/ ukdNzdK;armifu aemufwpfaeY

naewGif wD;&rnfh yGJwpfyGJ&SdaomaMumifh *pfwmwD;aeonf/ udka&T&u ol pmvkyfí

r&aomaMumifh ukdNzdK;armif *pfwmwD;aewmukd &yfapcsifonf/ ukdNzdK;armifuvnf;

aemufaeY yGJBuD;wpfyGJwGif wD;&eftwGuf *pfwmwD; avhusifhzkdY vkdaeonf/

udka&T&u pmar;yGJtwGuf pmavhvmcsifaomaMumifh udkNzdK;armifudk

taqmifrS xGufoGm;ckdif;onf/ aemufwpfaeYwGif udkNzdK;armifu udka&T&taMumif;udk

taqmifodkY wkdifavawmhonf/ udka&T&onf olwkdY twlaeaom tcef;udk rnfonfh

tcgrS oefY&Sif;a&;rvkyfcJhyg[k udkNzdK;armifu ajymonf/

1/ txufyg Zmwfvrf;wGif udkNzdK;armifu tb,faMumifh udka&T&ESifh pwif

pum;rsm;cJh&oenf;/

2/ txufyg pmykd'ft& acsmarGUaom (aumif;rGefaom) qufqHa&;&SdrIESifh cufcJ

aom (qkd;&Gm;aom) qufqHa&;&SdrIwkdYMum;&Sd t"du uGmjcm;csufrSm tb,fenf;/

3/ jyóemESifh y#dyu©wkdYMum;wGif rnfodkYaom uGmjcm;csuf &Sdoenf;/

ay;xm;aom pmaMumif;rsm;teuf rnfonfh pmaMumif;u txufyg pmydk'f\ t"du

qdkvdk&if;udk tusOf;csKyf azmfjyygoenf;/ toifhawmfqkH;jzpfrnfh tajzukd a&G;cs,fyg/

u/ Zmwfaumifrsm; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; rwnfhvQif y#dyu©jzpf&ef ydkí vG,ful

onf/

c/ aumif;rGefaom qufqHa&; &Sdxm;vQif &nfrSef;csufrsm; o[Zmw rjzpf

onfhwdkif y#dyu©odkY tNrJwrf; OD;wnf raeEkdifyg/

*/ Zmwfaumifrsm;\ qufqHa&;onf y#dyu©wpfckudk ajymif;vJoGm;apEkdifonf/

avhusifhcef;


17

,ck vkyfief;pOfwGif aumif;rGefaom okdYr[kwf qkd;&Gm;aom qufqHa&;&SdrIu y#dyu©

wpf&yftay: rnfuJhokdY vTrf;rkd;oufa&mufwwfonfukd oifhtaejzifh udk,fawGU

odjrifEkdifrnf jzpfonf/ oifwef;q&m\ nTefMum;csufrsm;ukd vkdufemyg/

jrefrmha&;&m - rl;,pfaq;0g; jyóemukd tajz&Smjcif;

NrdKUi,fav;wpfNrdKUwGif rl;,pfaq;0g; jyóemonf BuD;rm;aom jyóemwpf&yf jzpfaeonf/ rl;,pfaq;0g;

oHk;pGJrIonf vlrsdK;? bmomra&G; vlrItokdif;t0kdif;tm;vHk;udk xdcdkufvmonf/ okdYaomf bmoma&;tkyfpktoD;oD;u tqkdyg

rl;,pfaq;onf tjcm;bmoma&;tkyfpkrsm;u pwifonf[kyif tckdiftrm ajymqkdaeonf/

c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;u ¤if;wkdY vlrItokdif;t0kdif;twGif;okdY rl;,pfaq;rsm; pwif oGwfoGif;vmolrsm;rSm

Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;jzpfNyD; c&pf,mefvli,frsm; tm;vHk;rSm rl;,pfaq; oHk;avhr&Sdaom vlaumif;av;rsm; jzpfMuonf[k

qkdonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;url c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;onf rl;,pfaq;pGJaeMuolrsm;jzpfNyD; rl;,pfaq;0,f&eftwGuf

cdk;Mu0SufMuonf[k qkdjyefonf/ rl;,pfaq;oHk;pGJjcif;onf Ak'¨bmomESifh qefYusifonf? xkdYaMumifh Ak'¨bmomvli,frsm;rSm

rl;,pfaq; oHk;pGJavh r&SdMu[k ¤if;wkdYu qkdonf/ tqkdyg tjyeftvSef jiif;cHkpGyfpGJrIrsm;onf wpfpwpfp jyif;xefvmNyD;

wpfzufESifhwpfzuf tMurf;zuf wkdufckdufrIrsm; jyKvkyfonfh tqifhtxd jzpfvmonf/

tqkdyg rl;,pfaq;jyóemudk ajz&Sif;&ef c&pf,mefESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; yl;aygif;í rl;,pfaq;0g; jyóemESihf

ywfoufNyD; todynmay; vkyfief;rsm;udk vufwGJ vkyfaqmifMuonf/

¤if;wkdYonf vpOfvwkdif; rl;,pfaq;0g; qefYusifa&;aeYrsm; pDpOfusif;yí tjcm;aom bmoma&; tkyfpkrsm;udkvnf;

yl;aygif; yg0if&ef zdwfac:cJhonf/ NyD;cJhaomESpfu ¤if;wkdYonf a'ocHrsm; MunfndKav;pm;aom Ak'¨bmom bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;?

AvDq&mrsm; ESifh c&pf,mef"r®q&mrsm;udk zdwfMum;í qHk;rMo0g'rsm; a[mMum;apNyD; bmomtm;vHk; yl;aygif;rIjzifh rl;,pfaq;0g;

jyóemudk ajz&Sif;EkdifaMumif; yl;aygif;jyEkdifcJhonf/

Source: Unpublished Report, Independent Researcher

1/ Ak'¨bmomtokdif;t0kdif;\ &nfrSef;csufrSm tb,fenf;/

2/ c&pf,meftokdif;t0kdif;\ &nfrSef;csufrSm tb,fenf;/

3/ tpykdif;wGif Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;ESifh c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;onf rl;,pfaq;0g; jyóemudk ajz&Sif;&ef tb,faMumifh

vufwGJaqmif&GufrI rjyKcJhMuoenf;/

4/ bmomESpfckMum; qufqHa&; wkd;wufap&ef rnfonfht&mwkdYudk vkyfaqmifEkdifcJhoenf;/

5/ tjcm; rnfonfht&mwkdYudk vkyfaqmifEkdifao;oenf;/

6/ rl;,pfaq;0g; jyóemonf rwluGJjym;aom bmoma&;tkyfpkrsm;Mum; qufqHa&;udk wkd;wufrI &SdapcJhygovm;?

rnfonffh yHkpHjzifh wkd;wufapcJhygoenf;/

vkyfief;rsm;

aumif;rGefaom qufqHa&;ESifh

qkd;&Gm;aom qufqHa&;

y#dyu©wpf&yfwGif &nfrSef;csufrsm; o[Zmw rjzpfrIu ydkí ta&;BuD;ygovm;

okdYr[kwf oufqkdif&m Zmwfaumifrsm;Mum; qufqHa&;u ykdí ta&;BuD;ygovm;?

tb,faMumifhenf;/

aqG;aEG;csuf

1/ wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; aumif;rGefaom qufqHa&;&Sdonfh vl 3 OD; taMumif;udk pOf;pm;

Munfhyg? rnfokdYaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsdK;u tqkdyg vl 3 OD;Mum; qufqHa&;

aumif;rGefrIudk xdckdufysufpD;apEkdifygoenf;/

2/ wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; qkd;&Gm;aom qufqHa&;&Sdonfh vl 3 OD; taMumif;udk pOf;pm;

Munfhyg? rnfokdYaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsdK;u tqkdyg vl 3 OD;Mum; qufqHa&;

qkd;&Gm;rIudk aumif;rGefwkd;wufvmapEkdifygoenf;/

jyefvnfokH;oyfcsuf

18


1.5 - usm;? r jzpfrIa&;&mu@ - y#dyu©twGif;rS

trsdK;orD;ESifh trsdK;om;rsm;

tBudKoifcef;pm

Z,m;uGuftwGif;&Sd pum;vHk;rsm;ESifh

ywfoufí ay;xm;aom ar;cGef;rsm;

udk ajzqkdyg/

Muifemwwfaom? &Suf&GHUwwf

aom? vGwfvyfaom? qlnH

wwfaom? pdwfcHpm;rI jzpfvG,f

aom? vSyaom? &J&ifhaom? jyKpk

,k,wwfaom? pdwfwkdwwf

aom? ulnDwwfaom? tm;upm;

vkdufpm;wwfaom? ÓPfaumif;

aom? acgif;aqmifwwfaom?

El;nHhodrfarGUaom? aumif;pGm

em;axmifay;wwfaom

1/ ay;xm;aom tcsufrsm;xJrS

rnfonfh tcsufrsm;onf

a,mufsm; wkdYESifh ykdí oufqkdif

NyD; rnfonfh tcsufrsm;onf

rdef;rwkdYESifh ydkí oufqkdif

ygoenf;/ tb,faMumifhenf;/

2/ tqkdyg tjrifrsm;onf rnfonfh

ae&mrS qif;oufvmygoenf;/

3/ y#dyu©wpf&yfwGif rdef;rwkdY\

jyKrl yHkESif h a,mufsm;wkd Y\

jyKrlyHkwkdY rSm uGJjym;jcm;em;avh

&Sdyg ovm;/ rnfuJhokdYenf;/

y#dyu©wpf&yftay: uREkfyfwkdY\ em;vnfrIonf usm;? r jzpfrIa&;&mu@tay: uREkfyf

wkdY em;vnfxm;rIESifhvnf; qufEG,fvsuf&Sdonf/ usm;? r jzpfrIu@onf ZD0vdif

uGJjym;rIESifh roufqkdifay? a,mufsm;jzpfjcif;? rdef;rjzpfjcif;wkdYtay: rlwnfí ,Ofaus;rI

"avht& xm;&Sdaom arQmfrSef;rIrsm;? t,ltqrsm;ESifhom oufqkdifonf? vlYtzGJUtpnf;

twGif; &Sd&rnf[k ,lqxm;aom a,mufsm;ESifh rdef;rwkdY\ tcef;u@ uGJjym;rIrsm;ESifh

ykdí oufqkdifonf/

vlom;wkdYonf a,mufsm;wpfa,muftjzpf rnfokdY usifhBuHaexkdif&rnf? rdef;rwpfa,muf

tjzpf rnfokdY usifhBuHaexkdif&rnf ponfwkdYudk vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif;&Sd tjcm;olrsm;xHrS

avhvmoif,lavh &SdMuonf/ vlom;wkdYonf arG;zGm;ptcsdefwGif rnfokdY qif,if

oifhonf? rnfokdY 0wfqifoifhonf? rnfokdY ajymqkdoifhonf? rnfodkY jyKrloifhonf?

rnfokdY awG;ac:pOf;pm; usifhBuHoifhonf qkdonfudk rodMuacs/ rdbrsm;? q&mrsm;?

rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;rsm;? vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm;ESifh rD'D,mrsm;u a,mufsm;? rdef;rtjzpf

BuD;jyif;vmMuaom uREkfyfwkdYtm; a,mufsm;av;yDyD rnfokdY jyKrlaexkdifoifhonf?

rdef;uav;yDyD rnfokdY jyKrlaexkdifoifhonf ponfwkdYukd ajymqkdnTefjyavh &SdMuonf/

azmfjyyg ykHrsm;ukd Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh usm;? r

jzpfrIa&;&m u@rsm; uGJjym;rIukd jrifawGU&ygovm;/


19

1/ oifwef;om;rsm;taejzifh a,mufsm;wpfOD;\yHk okdYr[kwf rdef;rwpfOD;\yHkudk

tzGJUvkduf a&;qGJyg/ oufqkdif&ma,mufsm; okdYr[kwf rdef;rESifh ywfoufaom

tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udk wwfEkdiforQ jznfhpGuf a&;qGJay;yg/

2/ rdrdtzGJUu a&;qGJaomyHkESifh qefYusifbufvdif&JUyHkudk a&;qGJaom tzGJUESifh yl;aygif;

yg/ yHkcsif; EIdif;,SOfyg/ tqkdyg uGJjym;rIrsm;onf vlom;wkdY\ arG;&mygvm;

okdYr[kwf avhvmoif,lcJhaomt&mrsm; jzpfygovm;/

a,mufsm;qefjcif; (yk&doyDojcif;) \ p½kdufvu©Pmtrsm;pkonf y#dyu©udk udkifwG,f

ajz&Sif;&mwGif olYxufig tNydKiftqkdifyHkpHudk tm;ay;vQuf&Sdonf/ ,Ofaus;rI"avh

trsm;pkwGif vlwkdYonf a,mufsm;yDorIudk &J&ifhjcif;? &efvkdjcif;? tiftm;&Sdjcif; ponf

wkdYESifh ,SOfwGJí jrifMuonf/ a,mufsm;wkdYonf emusifrIudk vspfvsL½IEkdif&rnf?

pdwfcHpm;rIrsm;udk rajymqkdoifh pojzifh vlwkdYu cH,lxm;Muonf/ a,mufsm;wkdYonf

tjcm;olwkdYESifh ,SOfNydKifEkdifpGrf;&Sdí rdrdwkdYudk,fukd rdrdwkdY a,mufsm;yDoaMumif; jyoEkdif&rnf?

a,mufsm;av;wkdYu tMurf;zuf jyKrljcif;onf rdef;uav;rsm; tMurf;zufjcif;xuf ykdí

vufcHEkdifzG,f&m jzpfonf/ ol&Jaumif;yHkjyifrsm;? ½kyf&Sifrsm;? oDcsif;rsm;ESifh pmtkyfrsm;wGif

vnf; a,mufsm;wkdY\ pGefYpm;jcif;? y#dyu©rsm;wGif tMurf;zufenf;rsm; toHk;jyKjcif;wkdYukd

azmfusL;jyoxm;onf/ wkdufckdufrIjyK&ef jiif;qefaoma,mufsm;? pdwfcHpm;rIudk a&SUwef;

wif ajymavh&Sdaom a,mufsm;? tm;EGJUoltjzpf ay:vGifatmif jyKrlaom a,mufsm;wkdYudk

aysmhnHhol? ol&JabmaMumifolrsm;tjzpf vlrsm;pku ½IjrifMuonf/

rdef;rqefjcif; (£wd¬,yDojcif;) \ p½kdufvu©Pmrsm;udkvnf; y#dyu©tay: wkHYjyefrI

rsm; ESifh qufpyfwGJjrifwwfMuonf/ tpOftvmt& rdef;r[lonf rdcif jzpf&rnf? ZeD;

r,m; jzpf&rnf[lí vufcH,lqxm;Muonf/ rdef;rwkdYonf rdrdwkdY vkdtyfcsufxuf

wpfyg;olwkdY\ vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk OD;pm;ay; jznfhqnf;ay;&rnf[k vlwkdYu vufcHxm;Mu

onf/ rdef;ryDojcif;[lonf emcHrI&Sdjcif;ESifh El;nHhodrfarGUrI &Sdjcif;wkdYudk nTef;qkdavh&Sdonf/

½kyf&Sifrsm;? yHkjyifZmwfvrf;rsm;wGif rdef;rwkdYonf tm;EGJUolrsm;jzpfNyD; a,mufsm;\

umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;rI vkdtyfaMumif;udk azmfusL;jyoavh&Sdonf/ rdef;rwkdYudk

acgif;aqmiftjzpf azmfusL;jyojcif;rsdK;rSm &Sm;onf/ oefrmtm;aumif;í trSDtckduif;pGm?

vGwfvyfpGmaewwfNyD; tpOftvmt& a,mufsm;wkdY\ tcef;u@[k owfrSwfxm;aom

ae&mwkdYtm; ,lwwfonfh rdef;rrsdK;udk vlYtzGJUtpnf;wGif odyfvufrcHcsifMuay/

Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk &,lvkdvQif okdYr[kwf y#dyu©tm; ykdrkd aumif;rGefpGm ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;vkdvQif

uREfkyfwkdYtaejzifh vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; tpOftvmu jy|mef;xm;aom rdef;rESifh

a,mufsm; wkdY\ tcef;u@rsm;udk ar;cGef;xkwfzkdY vkdtyfayvdrfhrnf/

vkyfief;rsm;

a,mufsm;ESifh rdef;rwkdY\ yHk&dyfrsm;

20


1/ ay;xm;aom p½kdufvu©Pmrsm;udk zwf½Iyg/ tqkdyg p½kdufvu©Pm wpfckcsif;pD

tay: vlYtzGJUtpnf;u pHwefzkd;xm;yHkudk tqifhvkdufowfrSwfí yd&rpfwGif

jznfhay;yg/

• vlYtzGJUtpnf;u wefzkd;xm;rIjrifhaom p½kdufvu©Pmrsm;udk yd&rpfxdyfykdif;

wGif jznfhpGufyg/

• vlYtzGJUtpnf;u wefzkd;xm;rIedrfhaom p½kdufvu©Pmrsm;udk yd&rpf

atmufajcykdif;wGif jznfhpGufyg/

2/ yd&rpfxdyfykdif;wGif &Sdaeaom p½kdufvu©Pm 3 ckonf oifhvlYtzGJUtpnf;wGif

a,mufsm;rsm;ESifh ykdí oufqkdifygovm; odkYr[kwf rdef;rrsm;ESifh ydkí oufqkdifyg

ovm;/

3/ yd&rpfxdyfykdif;wGif &Sdaeaom p½kdufvu©Pmrsm;onf vlYtzGJUtpnf;udk ykdí

Nidrf;csrf;rI &Sdapygovm;? tb,faMumifh &Sdapygoenf; okdYr[kwf tb,faMumifh

r&Sdapygoenf;/

4/ yd&rpfatmufajcykdif;wGif &Sdaeaom p½kdufvu©Pmrsm;onf vlYtzGJUtpnf;udk

ykdí Nidrf;csrf;rI &Sdapygovm;? tb,faMumifh &Sdapygoenf; okdYr[kwf tb,f

aMumifh r&Sdapygoenf;/

5/ oifhtaejzifh vlYtzGJUtpnf;udk ykdrkd Nidrf;csrf;rI &SdapvkdvQif tqkdyg yd&rpfESifh

ywfoufí rnfokdY jyifqifajymif;vJ vkdygoenf;/

u/ tjcm;olrsm;udk vTrf;rkd;xdef;csKyf jcif;

c/ cGeftm;&Sdjcif;

*/ emcHrI&Sdjcif;

C/ ÓPf&nfxufjrufjcif;

i/ tjcm;olrsm;udk jyKpkay;jcif;

p/ em;axmifay;vkdpdwf&Sdjcif;

q/ tmPm&Sdjcif;

Z/ yl;aygif;vufwGJ aqmif&Gufvkdpdwf &Sdjcif;

vkyfief;rsm;

p½kdufvu©Pmjy yd&rpf

]]usm;? r jzpfrIa&;&mu@&Sd pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfcsufrsm;onf...

LGBTrule

no gender

dis


21

1/ ae&mtuefYi,fwpfckxJwGif 0if&yfaeyg? okdYr[kwf puúLykdif;wpfckay:wGif

&yfaeyg/ oifhtwGuf owfrSwfay;xm;aom a,mufsm;jzpfjcif; odkYr[kwf rdef;r

jzpfjcif;twGuf vkdufem&rnfh pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/

2/ xkdYaemuf tqkdyg ae&mtuefYi,fav;xJrS azmufxGufvkdufyg/ oifhtaejzifh

owfrSwfpnf;rsOf;rsm;udk vkdufemjcif; r&Sdawmh[lí pdwful;Munfhvkdufyg/ vlwkdY

u oifhtm; rnfokdY ajymMurnfenf; odkYr[kwf rnfokdY wHkYjyefjyKrlMurnfenf;/

3/ ay;xm;aom ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqkdyg/

u/ oif\ vufawGUb0wGifvnf; ,ckuJhodkY usm;? r owfrSwfcsuf tuefYi,f

twGif;rS azmufxGufzl;ygovm;/

c/ xkdtuefYi,fxJrS ykdrkd vG,fulpGmESifh ydkrkd ab;uif;vHkNcHKpGm azmufxGufEkdifap

rnfh enf;vrf;tcsdKUudk azmfjyyg/

]] usm;? r jzpfrIa&;&mu@&Sd pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfcsufrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY tNrJwrf;

0if&yfae&aom abmiftuefYi,fav;rsm;ESifh ydkwlonff/}}

aqG;aEG;csuf1/ vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; usm;? r jzpfrIu@ uGJjym;rIaMumifh rdef;rESifh a,mufsm;wkdY

wGif rnfolwkdYu tusdK;tjrwf ykdrkd &&SdcHpm;Mu&ygoenf;/

2/ oifhvlYtzJGUtpnf;twGif;&Sd y#dyu©udk rdef;rESifh a,mufsm;wkdYu rnfuJhokdY

udkifwG,fajz&Sif;Muoenf;/ xkdy#dyu©rsm;ukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&mwGif rdef;rESifh

a,mufsm;wkdY\ udkifwG,fykHrSm wlnDMuygovm;? uGJjym;Muygovm;/

3/ tm;vHk;aom a,mufsm;wkdYonf y#dyu©rsm;udk wpfyHkpHwnf; ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;avh

&SdMuygovm;/ tm;vHk;aom rdef;rrsm;onfvnf; y#dyu©rsm;udk wpfyHkpHwnf;

ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;avh &SdMuygovm;/

vkyfief;rsm;

azmufxGufjcif;

... uREkfyfwkdY tNrJwrf; 0if&yfae&aom

abmiftuefYi,fav;rsm;ESifh ydkwlonff/}}

22


1.6 - y#dyu©? aumif;usdK;ESifh qkd;usdK;rsm;

1/ y#dyu©r&Sdaom urÇmBuD;onf

rnfokdY jzpfvdrfhrnfenf;/

2/ xkduJhodkYaom urÇmrsdK; tb,f

aMumifh &SdEkdif okdYr[kwf r&SdEkdif

onfh taMumif;t&if;rsm;udk

azmfjyyg/

tBudKoifcef;pm

y#dyu©ESifh ywfoufí uREkfyfwkdY\ ,HkMunf,lqxm;rIrsm;rSmvnf; ta&;ygayonf/

y#dyu©uif;aom urÇm[lonf &SdEkdifygrnfvm;/ okdYr[kwf y#dyu©onf b0\

tpdwftykdif; wpf&yf[k uREkfyfwkdY,HkMunf ,lqxm;Muygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf y#dyu©

uif;aom qufqHa&;udk tvkd&SdonfqkdvQif y#dyu©udk tqkdyg qufqHa&; NydKvJysufpD;rI

tjzpf ½Ijrif&vdrfhrnf jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY qufqHa&;rsm;wGif y#dyu©u wGJvsufygaeonf

qkdonfhtcsufudk vufcHonfqkdvQif tqkdyg y#dyu©rsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;Ekdifrnfh

enf;vrf;rsm;udkvnf; &SmazG&vdrfhrnf jzpfonf/

1/ oifhtaejzifh Zmwfaumiftjzpf yg0ifcJhzl;aom y#dyu©wpfcktaMumif;udk jyef

pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ (Zmwfaumif ESpfOD;xufru yg0ifaom y#dyu©rsdK;udk a&G;cs,f

yg/) tqkdyg y#dyu©taMumif; pmykd'fwpfykd'f a&;yg/

• tqkdyg y#dyu©onf rnfonfh taMumif;udpöESifh ywfoufaeoenf;/

• rnfol (wkdY) u t"duZmwfaumif (rsm;) tjzpf yg0ifcJhoenf;/

• oifu rnfonfht&mudk vkdcsifcJhoenf;? tjcm;olrsm;u rnfonfh t&mudk

vkdcsifcJhMuoenf;/

• tqkdyg y#dyu©wGif t&HZmwfaumifrsm; yg0ifcJhygovm;/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ wGJí oif\ y#dyu© taMumif;udk aqG;aEG;yg/

1/ tzGJUrsm; zGJUyg/ (NyD;cJhaom vkyfief;pOfrS) tzGJU0ifwpfOD;\ Oyrm y#dyu©wpfckudk

a&G;cs,fyg/ ¤if;y#dyu©ESifh ywfoufí o½kyfazmfrIwpfck jyKvkyfyg/

2/ twef;okdY oifwkdY\ o½kyfazmfrIudk jyoyg/

3/ tjcm;tzGJU\ o½kyfazmfrIESihf ywfoufí atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqkdyg/

u/ jzpfyGm;aom y#dyu©onf rnfonfh taMumif;tcsufESifh oufqkdifoenf;/

vkyfief;rsm;

oif\udk,fykdif y#dyu©

vkyfief;rsm;

o½kyfazmfjcif;


23

4/ oifwkdY\ tajzrsm;udk wpfwef;vHk;taejzifh EIdif;,SOfavhvmyg/ y#dyu©udk o½kyf

azmfrI vkyfaqmifcJhaom ausmif;om;ESifhvnf; tajzukd EIdif;,SOfavhvmMunfhyg/

1/ y#dyu©[laom pum;vHk;ukd Mum;vkduf&onfhtcg oifhtaejzifh awG;rdaom

pum;vHk;rsm;udk a&;csyg/

2/ oifcsa&;xm;aom pm&if;udk oif\ wGJzufudk jyyg/ oifwkdYMum;rSm wlnDae

aom pum;vHk;rsm; &Sdygovm;/

3/ oifwdkY\ pm&if;wGif yg&Sdaom pum;vHk;rsm;ukd ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD twGJvkduf

trsdK;tpm; oHk;rsdK;pD cGJjcm;jyyg/ (aumif;usdK; jzpfapaom? qkd;usdK; jzpfapaom?

rnfonfh tusdK;oufa&mufrIrS r&Sdaom[lí trsdK;tpm; 3 rsdK; cGJjcm;jy&rnf

jzpfonf/) ¤if;wkdYudk ay;xm;aom Z,m;uGufxJwGif a&;om; jznfhpGufyg/

4/ rnfonfh pum;vHk;trsdK;tpm;rsm;ukd trsm;qHk; awGU&avh&Sdoenf;/ tb,f

aMumifh xkdokdY oif,lq&oenf;/

vltrsm;pkonf y#dyu©u ¤if;wkdY b0ukd emusifxdckdufapaomaMumifh y#dyu©udk

rvkdvm;Muay/ okdYaomf y#dyu©wGif aumif;usdK;rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ y#dyu©[lonf

taMumif;&Sdíom ay:aygufvm&jcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf uREfkyfwkdY vlyk*d¾Kvftcsif;csif;

Mum;? tpktzGJUrsm;Mum;? vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; qufqHa&;wkdYwGif &Sdaeaom jyóem

rsm;udk azmfjyaeonf/ tqkdyg jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Ekdifa&;twGufvnf; uREkfyfwkdYudk

wkdufwGef; tm;ay;aeonf/ ¤if;onf tajctaewpf&yfudk wkd;wufaprnfh tcGifhtvrf;

wpf&yfvnf; jzpfonf/ tqkdyg tcGifhtvrf;udk uREkfyfwkdY toHk;jyKEkdifjcif;? rjyKEkdifjcif;onf

jyóemudk uREkfyfwkdYb,fvkd udkifwG,fajz&Sif;rvJqkdonfh tcsufay: rlwnfaeonf/

y#dyu©onf aumif;onf[k rqkdEkdifovkd raumif;[lívnf; rqkdEkdifay/ y#dyu©\

aumif;jcif; qkd;jcif;onf tqkdyg y#dyu©udk uREkfyfwkdY b,fvkd udkifwG,fajz&Sif;ovJ

qkdonfhtcsufay:wGifom rlwnfaeygonf/

vkyfief;rsm;

y#dyu©\ tqkd;? taumif;

c/ rnfolawGu t"duZmwfaumiftjzpf yg0ifaeoenf;/

*/ rnfolawGu t&HZmwfaumiftjzpf yg0ifaeoenf;/

C/ ZmwfaumifwkdY\ &nfrSef;csufrsm;rSm rnfonfht&mrsm; jzpfoenf;/

i/ t"duZmwfaumifwkdYu ¤if;wkdY\ &nfrSef;csufrsm; jynfh0ap&ef rnfonfh

t&mwkdYudk vkyfaqmifMuoenf;/

p/ t&HZmwfaumifwkdYu rnfonfht&mwkdYudk vkyfaqmifMuoenf;/

q/ ZmwfaumifwkdY\ rnfonfh vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;u ¤if;wkdYMum; qufqHa&;

udk tjyKoabm oufa&mufapcJhoenf;/

Z/ rnfonfh vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;u ¤if;wkdYMum; qufqHa&;udk tysufoabm

oufa&mufapcJhoenf;/

rnfonfh tusdK;oufa&mufrIrS

r&Sdaom

aumif;usdK; jzpfapaom qdk;usdK; jzpfapaom

NEUTRAL

24


aqG;aEG;csuf 1/ ay;xm;aom pmykd'ft& y#dyu©\ t"dutusdK;aus;Zl;rSm rnfonfht&m

jzpfoenf;/

2/ y#dyu©wGif tjcm;rnfonfh tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; &Sdonf[k oifem;vnfxm;yg

oenf;/

jrefrmha&;&m - y#dyu©udk ajz&Sif;jcif; - ESpfzufpvHk; tEkdif&aomtcg

aus;vufNrdKUe,fav;wpfck&Sd a'ocHvlxktrsm;pkonf NrdKUe,fwGif;

vma&mufzGifhvSpfaom puf½Hktopfrsm;ü tvkyftukdif r&&SdMuaomaMumifh

rcHr&yfEkdif jzpfaeonf/ a'oEÅ&tpkd;&u tjcm;a'orS vlrsm;udkom

puf½HkwGif tvkyfay;&ef puf½Hkykdif&Sifrsm;ESifh n§dEIdif;rIrsm; jyKvkyfxm;aMumif;

aumv[mv owif;rsm;udk a'ocHvlxku Mum;odxm;onf/ xdkudpötay:

a'ocHvlxku a'gojzpfaeonf/ okdYaomf ¤if;wkdYonf xkdjyóemudk

a'oEÅ&tpkd;&xH yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymqkd&ef r0Hhr&J jzpfaeMuonf/

a'ocH NGO wpfcku xkdjyóemudk odxm;NyD; jynfe,fwGif;

aus;&Gmrsm;wGif oifwef;rsm; pDpOfusif;yay;onf/ xdyfoD;EkdifiHa&;

acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh a'ocHvlxkMum; em;vnfrI uGm[csuf &dSaeonfudk ¤if;wkdY tzGJUu od&Sdxm;onf/ a'ocHvlxkonf

aumv[mvowif;rsm;tay: rMumcP a'gojzpfavh&SdNyD; a'ocHEkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;uvnf; vlxk\ jyóemudk rod&SdMuacs/

oifwef;wpfckwGif &Gmom;rsm;onf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh awGUqHkcGifh&&ef awmif;qkdcJh&m tqkdyg tzGJUtpnf;u

vlxkESifh ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;udk oifwef;wpfckwGif awGUqHkEkdif&ef pDpOfay;cJhonf/

vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf &Gmom;wkdYESifhtwl oifwef;okdY wufa&mufvmMuonf/ yxrwGif &Gmom;rsm;onf

tqifhjrifhEkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk pum;ajymqdk&ef r0Hhr&J jzpfaeMuonf/ vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;bufrS &Gmom;wkdY

ajymrnfh pum;rsm;udk em;axmif&ef pdwf0ifwpm;&SdaMumif; od&Sdvkduf&onfhtcgrS &Gmom;rsm;onf ¤if;wkdY\ jyóemudk pwif

ajymqkdMuawmhonf/

aemufqHk;wGif vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf a'ocH&Gmom;wkdY\ vkdtyfcsufudk od&SdoGm;Muonf/ &Gmom;wkdYbufrS

vnf; tqifhjrifhEkdifiHa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh &Sif;jyajymqkdcsufrsm;udk em;vnfod&SdoGm;Muonf/ xkdtajctaeu NrdKUe,fwGif;

aemufxyfoifwef;rsm;ESifh tvkyftukdif tcGifhtvrf;rsm; ykdrdk &&Sdvmap&ef OD;wnfoGm;apNyD; a'ocHvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh

a'ocHvlxkMum; qufqHa&;udkvnf; ykdrkd aumif;rGefoGm;apcJhygonf/

Source: Unpublished Report, Independent Researcher

1/ azmfjyyg y#dyu©rS vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf rnfonfh tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; &&SdapcJhoenf;/

2/ &Gmom;rsm;twGufvnf; rnfonfh tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; &&SdapcJhoenf;/

jyefvnfokH;oyfcsuf tcef; (1) udk avhvmzwf½INyD;aemuf y#dyu©tay: xm;&Sdaom oif\ tjrifoabm

xm;rsm; ajymif;vJoGm;ygovm;/ rnfuJhokdY ajymif;vJoGm;cJhygoenf;/

y#dyu©wpfckudk a&G;cs,fNyD; twef;odkY wifjyaqG;aEG;yg/ y#dyu© jzpfapaom aemufcH

taMumif;udpö? yg0ifywfoufaeaom Zmwfaumifrsm;ESifh ¤if;wkdYMum; qufqHa&; tajc

taeudk azmfjyay;yg/ tqkdyg y#dyu©wGif vlwkdYonf rnfokdYaom qif;&J'ku©rsm;udk

cHpm;Mu&oenf;/ tqkdyg y#dyu©u rnfonfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk ay;oenf;/

tqkdyg y#dyu©wGif usm;? r jzpfrIa&;&mu@rS t,ltqrsm;u rnfonfh tcef;u@

rS yg0ifaeoenf;/

ed*Hk;csKyf

aqG;aEG;wifjyjcif;

rmwdum - · pdf file3.4 - tysufoabmaqmifaom r[masl[mesifh tjykoabmaqmifaom r[masl[mwkdymum;...

Documents