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TRANSCRIPT
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2007
RELATRIO MUNDIAL sobre DROGAS
BOAS VINDAS.
Apresentao: O UNODC guardio das 3 convenes da ONU sobre Drogas, da Conveno da ONU sobre Corrupo, os 12 instrumentos sobre Terrorismo e guardio da Conveno da ONU sobre Crime Organizado Transnacional inclusive seus protocolos de Trfico de Pessoas, Contrabando de Migrantes e Trfico de Armas.
H exatamente 1 dcada, o UNODC publicou seu primeiro Relatrio Mundial de Drogas. Desde 2003, o relatrio vem sendo publicado anualmente com os principais dados da produo, do trfico e do consumo de drogas no mundo.
As estatsticas deste relatrio so preparadas a partir das respostas dos pases-membros da ONU ao relatrio anual que o UNODC envia aos governos. Ou seja, o relatrio est baseado nas informaes de 120 pases que nos enviaram os formulrios preenchidos sobre Oferta e Abuso de Drogas. Tambm so usados dados da Interpol, da Organizao Mundial de Alfndegas e relatrios de reunies de autoridades da rea de drogas de praticamente todos os pases do mundo (165 pases).
Nos principais pases de coca Colmbia, Peru e Bolvia e de pio como o Afeganisto o UNODC prepara um relatrio especial, juntamente com o governos locais.
muito importante explicar a vocs que, como as drogas se tratam de um mercado que funciona de forma ilcita, os dados absolutamente precisos de consumo, produo e trfico so muito difceis de alcanar. Mas cremos que conseguimos uma boa aproximao e mais importante conseguimos um material importante para traar as tendncias desse mercado. um valioso termmetro para a comunidade internacional e, principalmente, para o trabalho dos governos de cada pas.
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Uso ilcito em nvel mundial, 2005/06 sem modificaes em relao a 2004/05
O uso mundial de drogas se manteve praticamente estvel entre 2004/05 e 2005/06.
Hoje h cerca de 200 milhes de pessoas que usam drogas pelo menos uma vez ao ano; isto , menos de 5% da populao entre 15-64 anos. A maioria de usurios de cannabis maconha e haxixe cerca de 160 milhes de pessoas, ou 3.8% da populao entre 15-64 anos. O uso de todas as outras drogas afeta 1% da populao global entre 15-64 anos.
Cerca de 25 milhes de pessoas entre 15-64 anos so dependentes qumicos.
As principais drogas que levam busca por tratamento contra dependncia so opiceos e cocana.
S para vocs terem uma comparao, cerca de 28% da populao mundial, entre 15-64 anos, so dependentes de uma droga lcita, que o tabaco. Por isso h indicaes de que o sistema internacional de controle tem impacto na limitao do uso de drogas.
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Principais problemas (em relao busca por tratamento), 2005*
*Or latest year available
4.5 milhes de pessoas foram tratadas em 2005
O uso problemtico de drogas isto , de drogas que mais geram demanda por tratamento - continua alto.
Na sia e na Europa, cerca de 60% da demanda por tratamento ocorrem por uso de opiceos. Os dois contnentes juntos tm 70% da populao mundial. A cannabis (maconha e haxixe) responsvel por 63% da demanda por tratamento de drogas na frica.
A demanda por tratamento decorrente do uso de Estimulantes do Grupo Anfetamnico mais elevada na sia (19%) e no Leste e Sudeste da sia (37%), seguidos da regio da Ocania (18%) e Amrica do Norte (16%).
A demanda por tratamento decorrente do uso de anfetaminas aumentou entre as dcads de 1997/98 a 2005 em praticamente todas as regies. Na Amrica do Norte, a demanda passou de 5% para 16%; na frica de 3% a 12%, na sia 12 a 19%, na regio da Oceania passou de 12 para 19% e na Europa subiu de 8 para 10%.
Houve aumento na demanda por tratamento devido ao uso de maconha. Na frica aumentou de 61% para 63%; na regio da Oceania aumentou de 13% a 46%; na Amrica do Norte passou de 23% para 36%; na Amrica do Sul foi de 15% para 26% e na Europa foi de 10% para 18%.
A demanda por tratamento decorrente do uso de cocana aumentou na Europa, de 3% para 8%, e chegou a 13% no Oeste da Europa; na frica a proporo se manteve (10%) e na Amrica do Norte diminuiu a demanda por tratamento devido ao uso de cocana (de 42% para 40%). Tambm houve queda na demanda por tratamento por uso de cocana na Amrica do Sul (de 65% para 48%).
Tambm houve queda na demanda por tratamento devido ao uso de opicios na sia (de 73% to 62%); na Europa (de 72% para 58%), na regio da Oceania (de 66% para 33%). Mas houve aumento na frica(de 8% para 15%).
No geral, 4.5 milhes de pessoas receberam tratamento por uso de drogas em 2005, um aumento no nmero do ano anterior: 3.7 milhes.
As mais altas demandas por tratamento para cada millho de habitantes foi nas Americas (3670), seguida da Oceania (2290), Europa (850), sia (120) e frica (30). A sia e a frica esto abaixo da mdia global (700 pessoas em cada um milho de habitantes).
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PLANTIO E PRODUO
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Plantio global da papoula do pio (hectares), 1990 - 2006
281,600
257,600
237,800
151,500
201,000
222,000
Chart1
413001501003058040774
508001600002962541135
493001537001919037496
583001658002604027267
714701466001852035889
537591540701965022440
568241630002160116190
584161551502408214200
636741303002683717008
90583895002254313578
821711087001905212029
76061050001725512233
74100814001400010672
80000622001200014400
13100044200660014200
10400032800180012900
16500021500250012000
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Lao PDR
Rest of the World
Hectares
Table Opium 90-06
OPIUM
GLOBAL ILLICIT CULTIVATION OF OPIUM POPPY AND PRODUCTION OF OPIUM, 1990-2006
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
CULTIVATION(a) IN HECTARES
SOUTH-WEST ASIA
Afghanistan41,30050,80049,30058,30071,47053,75956,82458,41663,67490,58382,1717,60674,10080,000131,000104,000165,000
Pakistan7,4887,9629,4937,3295,7595,0918738749502842602136222,5001,5002,4381,545
Subtotal48,78858,76258,79365,62977,22958,85057,69759,29064,62490,86782,4317,81974,72282,500132,500106,438166,545
SOUTH-EAST ASIA
Lao PDR30,58029,62519,19026,04018,52019,65021,60124,08226,83722,54319,05217,25514,00012,0006,6001,8002,500
Myanmar150,100160,000153,700165,800146,600154,070163,000155,150130,30089,500108,700105,00081,40062,20044,20032,80021,500
Thailand (b)1,7823,7273,016998478168368352716702890820750
Viet Nam (b)18,00017,00012,1994,2683,0661,8801,7433404424422006: 170.8 ha, INCSR 2007.
Subtotal200,462210,352188,105197,106168,664175,768186,712179,924158,295113,187128,642123,07596,15074,20050,80034,60024,000
LATIN AMERICA
Colombia1,1606,5785,00815,0915,2264,9166,5847,3506,5006,5004,3004,1004,1003,9502,0001,000
Mexico (c)5,4503,7653,3103,9605,7955,0505,1004,0005,5003,6001,9004,4002,7004,8003,5003,300n/aINCSR estimate not available until April 2007.
Subtotal5,4504,9259,8888,96820,88610,27610,01610,58412,85010,1008,4008,7006,8008,9007,4505,3005,300
OTHER
Combined (d)8,0547,5212,9005,7045,7005,0253,1902,0502,0502,0502,4792,5002,5003,0005,1905,1625,155INCSR 2007: 100 ha in Guatemala.
GRAND TOTAL262,754281,560259,686277,407272,479249,919257,615251,848237,819216,204221,952142,094180,172168,600195,940151,500201,000
POTENTIAL PRODUCTION IN METRIC TONS
OPIUM (e)
SOUTH-WEST ASIA
Afghanistan1,5701,9801,9702,3303,4162,3352,2482,8042,6934,5653,2761853,4003,6004,2004,1006,100
Pakistan150160181161128112242426985552403639
Subtotal1,7202,1402,1512,4913,5442,4472,2722,8282,7194,5743,2841903,4053,6524,2404,1366,139
SOUTH-EAST ASIA
Lao PDR202196127169120128140147124124167134112120431420- 0
Myanmar1,6211,7281,6601,7911,5831,6641,7601,6761,3038951,0871,097828810370312315
Thailand (b)20231417325488669
Viet Nam (b)908561211599222
Subtotal1,9332,0321,8621,9981,7211,8031,9141,8291,4371,0291,2601,237949930413326335
LATIN AMERICA
Colombia169068205716790100888880767656281414.00
Mexico (c)624140496053544660432191581017371n/a
Subtotal62571301172651241211361601311091711341771299999
OTHER
Combined (d)4545- 0490784830303038323224685937
GRAND TOTAL3,7604,2744,1434,6105,6204,4524,3554,8234,3465,7644,6911,6304,5204,7834,8504,6206,610
HEROIN
Potential HEROIN (f)376427414461562445436482435576469163452478495472606
(a) Opium poppy harvestable after eradication.
(b) Due to small production, cultivation and production were included in the category " Other", for Viet Nam as of 2000 and for Thailand as of 2003.
(c) As its survey system is under development, the Government of Mexico indicates it can neither provide cultivation estimates nor endorse those published by UNODC, which are derived from US Government surveys.
(d) Includes countries such as Russia, Ukraine, Central Asia, Caucasus region, other C.I.S. countries, Baltic countries, Guatemala, Peru, Viet Nam (as of 2000), Thailand (as of 2003), India, Egypt and Lebanon.
(e) All figures refer to dry opium.
(f) Heroin estimates for Afghanistan are based on the Afghanistan Opium Survey (since 2004). For other countries, a 10:1 ratio is used for conversion from opium to heroin.
kg/ha
Mexico yield11.3810.8912.0812.3710.3510.5010.5911.5010.9111.9411.0520.6821.4821.04
ha270048003500
tons5810173
21.4821.0420.86
(7) Estimate based on preliminary figures.
&C&F&R&D
Martin Raithelhuber: fig. Correct in WDR 2005 but wrong in WDR 2006. Now correct again accord. To GOP info, and combined adjusted to maintain same total.
Martin: 1,907 ha gross of which harvestable 1,553 ha according based on meeting with Pak general during CND 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:Using net cultivation x 25 kg (GOP). source: INCSR 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:Pakistan ARQ 2005, which reported acres, were converted to hectares, based on meeting with Pak delegation CND 2007. Original acre fig. 7101 gross, 6136 net)
Martin Raithelhuber:Pak ARQ 2005 fig. Of 35.505 tons
Martin Raithelhuber:from 70 to 40
Martin Raithelhuber:total changed from 1596 in WDR 2006
Martin Raithelhuber:Total changed from 4491 in WDR 2006
Martin Raithelhuber:Total changed from 4765 in WDR 2006
Martin Raithelhuber:source: SIMCI in April 2007, DIRAN figures refering to Febr. 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:calculated based on previous year's production figure (14kg/ha).
Graph Global Opium 90-06
Global opium poppy cultivation (hectares), 1990-2006
BASE TABLE FOR GRAPH CULTIVATION
From Table19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Afghanistan41,30050,80049,30058,30071,47053,75956,82458,41663,67490,58382,1717,60674,10080,000131,000104,000165,000
Myanmar150,100160,000153,700165,800146,600154,070163,000155,150130,30089,500108,700105,00081,40062,20044,20032,80021,500
Lao PDR30,58029,62519,19026,04018,52019,65021,60124,08226,83722,54319,05217,25514,00012,0006,6001,8002,500
CalculationRest of the World40,77441,13537,49627,26735,88922,44016,19014,20017,00813,57812,02912,23310,67214,40014,20012,90012,000
151,500201,000
Global opium production (metric tons), 1990-2006
BASE TABLE FOR GRAPH OPIUM PRODUCTION COMING FROM OPIUM SHEET
From Table19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Afghanistan1,5701,9801,9702,3303,4162,3352,2482,8042,6934,5653,2761853,4003,6004,2004,1006,100
Myanmar1,6211,7281,6601,7911,5831,6641,7601,6761,3038951,0871,097828810370312315
Lao PDR202196127169120128140147124124167134112120431420
CalculationRest of the World367370386320501325207196226180161214180253237194175
4563
1626
2937
180.6273062731
293700
293700
295326
Graph Global Opium 90-06
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
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0000
0000
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Lao PDR
Rest of the World
Hectares
Graph Country Opium 90-06
Annual Opium Poppy Cultivation and Production in Major Producing Countries
AFGHANISTAN - OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION (hectares), 1990-2006AFGHANISTAN - OPIUM PRODUCTION (metric tons), 1990-2006
MYANMAR - OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION (hectares), 1990-2006MYANMAR - OPIUM PRODUCTION (metric tons), 1990-2006
LAO PDR - OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION (hectares), 1990-2006LAO PDR - OPIUM PRODUCTION (metric tons), 1990-2006
REST OF THE WORLD - OPIUM POPPY CULT. (ha), 1990-2006REST OF THE WORLD - OPIUM PRODUCTION (metric tons), 1990-2006
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Lao PDR
Rest of the World
Metric tons
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Graph Country Opium 90-06
41300
50800
49300
58300
71470
53759
56824
58416
63674
90583
82171
7606
74100
80000
131000
104000
165000
interception-rate
Heroin production376427.4414.3461562445.2435.5482.3434.596576.44469.14163452478.265495472605.96
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Heroin production in tons376427.4414.3461562445.2435.5482.3434.596576.44469.14163452478.265495472605
Opiate seizures33364064566958737484997683110120124
8.7%8.4%9.6%13.9%10.0%15.4%13.3%15.2%17.0%14.6%21.2%46.7%18.4%23.1%24.3%26.4%
Opiates available for consumption (in tons)34339137539750637637840936149337087369368375348
Drug19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Heroin24,103.6822,728.3825,048.9526,696.6528,318.5731,272.4928,505.1033,347.8532,316.8836,230.1854,137.5954,085.2448,539.7253,242.7760,072.6358,284.4715,314.09
Opium (raw and prepared)36,626.3541,484.4352,844.4485,278.50144,661.09247,228.14174,205.41196,374.47179,170.82239,435.19213,492.51105,678.5496,833.02133,405.19211,731.30341,966.63319,364.00
Morphine4,996.169,076.079,460.3528,946.6913,494.3612,769.1211,934.9020,275.7723,463.8123,622.7223,730.8711,415.5724,701.6343,716.7239,177.0932,006.6839,336.00
Opium (liquid)9.5217.9733.6113.9382.34111.19358.021,293.191,036.42871.95872.5918.68450.25356.46260.27114.76
Grand Total65,735.7173,306.8587,387.35140,935.76186,556.37291,380.94215,003.44251,291.27235,987.92300,160.04292,233.56171,198.04170,524.62230,721.15311,241.29432,372.53374,014.09
32874
33239
33604
33970
34335
34700
35065
35431
35796
36161
36526
36892
37257
37622
37987
38353
38896
150100
160000
153700
165800
146600
154070
163000
155150
130300
89500
108700
105000
81400
62200
44200
32800
21500
32874
33239
33604
33970
34335
34700
35065
35431
35796
36161
36526
36892
37257
37622
37987
38353
38896
30580
29625
19190
26040
18520
19650
21601
24082
26837
22543
19052
17255
14000
12000
6600
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40774
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27267
35889
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16190
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17008
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12029
12233
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14400
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32874
33239
33604
33970
34335
34700
35065
35431
35796
36161
36526
36892
37257
37622
37987
38353
38896
1570
1980
1970
2330
3416
2335
2248
2804
2693
4565
3276
185
3400
3600
4200
4100
6100
32874
33239
33604
33970
34335
34700
35065
35431
35796
36161
36526
36892
37257
37622
37987
38353
38896
1621
1728
1660
1791
1583
1664
1760
1676
1303
895
1087
1097
828
810
370
312
315
32874
33239
33604
33970
34335
34700
35065
35431
35796
36161
36526
36892
37257
37622
37987
38353
38896
202
196
127
169
120
128
140
147
124
124
167
134
112
120
43
14
20
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
38896
367
370
386
320
501
325
207
196
225.96
180.4
161.4
214
180
252.65
237
193.505
174.6
Pie chart
CULTIVATION
From Table: ValueCalculated: Percent2005
200520062005TextTextValue
Afghanistan104,000165,00068.6Afghanistan (165,000 ha)Afghanistan (104,000 ha)68
Myanmar32,80021,50021.7Myanmar (21,500 ha)Myanmar (32,800 ha)22
Rest of the World14,70014,5009.7Rest of the World (14,500 ha)Rest of the World (14,700 ha)10
151,500100.0
Afghanistan (131,000 ha)
Myanmar (44,200 ha)
Rest of the World (20,800 ha)
Yield: This data are calculated from "Table Opium 90-05"
19992000200120022003200420052006
Afghanistan5040244645323937
Myanmar101010101381015
PRODUCTION
From Table: ValueCalculated: Percent2005
200520062005TextTextValue
Afghanistan4,1006,10089Afghanistan (6,100 mt)Afghanistan (89 mt)89
Myanmar3123157Myanmar (315 mt)Myanmar (7 mt)7
Rest of the World2081954Rest of the World (195 mt)Rest of the World (4 mt)4
4,620100
Pie chart
0
0
0
68%78%%
22%78%%
10%78%%
2005
Afghanistan (104,000 ha)
Myanmar (32,800 ha)
Rest of the World (14,700 ha)
Value Opium
Potential value of 2003 Farmgate Production of Opium (UNODC estimate)
For Graph
Farmgate priceProductionPotential value(millions of US$)Myanmar87
US$ per kgmetric tonsAfghanistan600
Myanmar23437087Others64
Afghanistan1424,20060080%
Lao, PDR218439
Colombia (1)1947615
Mexico (1)194(2)10120
Other (1) (4)196(3)10320
Total opium4,893751
(1) Based on 2002 opium prices and calculated with 2003 production data.
(2) Farmgate price not available: value based on price in Colombia
(3) Average price based on the total value and production from the five countries listed above.
(4) Includes countries such as Pakistan, Central Asia, Russia, Ukraine, Caucasus region, Viet Nam, Thailand, Egypt and Peru.4200
13
28
134
370
43
4788
Differences in opium yield between Afghanistan and Myanmar are due to differences in opium poppy varieties and growing conditions. Variations of yields from year to year in the same country are mostly caused by changes in weather conditions and/or, as in the case of Afghanistan in 2001, by a shift in the relative distribution of cultivation from irrigated to rain-fed land.
Afghanistan (165,000 ha)
Myanmar (21,500 ha)
Rest of the World ( ha)
2006
0
0
0
Afghanistan
Myanmar
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
89%%
7%%
4%%
2005
labels
2005
Rest of the World (208 mt)
Myanmar (312 mt)
Afghanistan (4,100 mt)
0
0
0
0
0
0
Afghanistan (6,100 mt)
Myanmar (315 mt)
Rest of the World ( mt)
2006
0
0
0
Value Opium
0
0
0
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Others
600
Heroin price (new)
Retail prices (street price), US$/gram1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
EUROPE1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005**1$ =exchange rate0.785280.807000.770360.853970.840680.767500.791420.877420.893830.935081.080181.115001.061690.884900.805100.79489
Austria270250203132138103877094577544926875748,111Austria8,111.006
Belgium901051057775755637414137272931323210,296Belgium10,295.787
Denmark28726515113922819115718814717511611112612294885,351Denmark5,351.414
Finland8006967707246064554142572542502071211881951951955,197Finland5,197.451
France14515315013514417015611311911132344757686959,850France59,849.658
Germany10575967491907451434539383846494882,414Germany82,414.408
Greece1201756344105887780555555534565513110,970Greece10,969.505
Italy167148140295541115981209571685963696857,482Iceland287.333
Luxembourg172150150150172202138141133126696767457676447Ireland3,910.840
Netherlands4950554955614855343025433540575716,067Italy57,482.385
Norway1,6805255102753493002821981861661281571651981481484,514Luxembourg447.216
Iceland184376374407380410377372372372372372372372372372287Malta392.649
Portugal8382726365796855743745454154525210,049Netherlands16,066.883
Spain17518518012613212011288827559576175818040,977Norway4,513.682
Sweden*22521019518016533734613513012611312913312811992Sweden 2001/2002*2003 ARQ data8,867Portugal10,048.594
Switzerland31222124812616419011681961675345394848487,171Spain40,977.309
United Kingdom15714414413412912510811812010810786911001109359,068Sweden8,867.321
Ireland1961801801681611792752282132041761701791792482523,911Switzerland7,171.404
Average unweighted in US-$2902222101681791791671311281249993100105108104391030.15962.4397921387Turkey70,318.341
inflation adjustment in US-$433318293228235229208160154146112102109111112104404,278United Kingdom59,067.963
Weighted average in US-$173149147107118119118939487645962707571
Adjusted for inflation in US-$2592142041441561531461141131027265687478711990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
Weighted average in Euro136120113911009193828481696666626157EU-15 consumper price81.785.989.392.495.097.7100.0101.7103.0104.3106.2108.6110.8113.0115.2117.7344
Adjusted for inflation in Euro196165149116123110110959691767170656257EU-15 consumper price0.690.730.760.780.810.830.850.860.870.890.900.920.940.960.981.00
Sources: UNODC ARQ and EUROPOL.** Data available till November 2005
1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
USA28127926826820419617015116213712611088116152
Adjusted for inflation42040037336226825121218419416014312195123157
Sources: ONDCP: 1990-2000 data, UNODC ARQ: 2001-2003 data, CEWG for 2004.
Wholesale, US$/kg
EUROPE1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005**
Austria55,24446,14563,00036,00037,75230,49130,22228,83134,56531,08725,02619,55323,54733,90037,26036,1688,111
Belgium30,00030,00028,50026,60029,58632,58024,30721,76120,84718,55718,36020,29222,22920,96023,04023,33610,296
Denmark110,000100,00085,00095,000117,625106,80586,806100,46565,69361,50723,58532,88920,80341,77032,82037,7415,351
Finland353,774353,774353,774353,774353,774353,774321,586199,442197,856194,357161,03444,84051,80451,80068,31469,1925,197
France180,00072,25080,00063,75075,00066,03546,60332,23025,88525,59622,15826,90623,54728,25031,05031,45059,850
Germany45,24436,14541,66735,20636,44835,25627,89025,68625,60824,77020,26317,81620,32521,51025,72325,76582,414
Greece90,00070,00035,00028,00029,53634,36239,09028,77521,02020,71417,32016,59217,42518,65017,54014,78210,970
Italy67,50060,000108,00042,58147,69035,78648,15237,79536,45936,89431,16332,97933,66929,83030,10930,49657,482
Luxembourg86,00075,00075,00049,50086,00057,07959,85254,78652,63050,36848,00050,36950,36924,70043,47331,450447
Netherlands23,85025,00026,55023,85023,85024,38420,57213,81014,05616,98514,70315,75729,19917,73017,73017,73016,067
Norway220,000200,000212,500151,099101,74485,00072,52062,20964,91849,87244,56135,87437,67648,23452,79052,7904,514
Portugal50,00055,00046,66731,50032,42843,17145,90238,84130,48329,33925,39831,31025,83931,00034,07534,51210,049
Spain160,000125,000122,50091,00074,41879,88084,39563,88052,75553,82043,59632,00041,20248,42046,35047,05540,977
Sweden*140,000130,000115,00095,000117,62562,65564,82965,77163,19061,02241,62633,70234,73841,90031,64828,620Sweden 2001/2002/2003 ARQ data8,867
Switzerland124,000153,800228,87547,46052,82354,85041,66537,23434,29433,42229,56816,08219,14922,34023,58037,7417,171
United Kingdom53,94043,94043,50043,21042,50042,00434,84639,49141,66729,12626,71825,92630,62034,34039,04139,04159,068
Ireland63,94053,94053,50053,21052,50081,47977,64336,53134,39643,47837,60036,44136,44130,51030,51033,9673,911
* Calculation for Sweden is based on brown heroin price (80%) and white heroin price (20%)
Average unweighted in US_$109,02995,882101,12074,51477,13572,09466,28752,20848,01945,93637,09928,78430,50532,10834,41534,814390,743
infl.adj. in US-$162,918137,487140,760100,710101,65092,38882,51063,52857,53453,84942,07531,74233,11634,08035,58134,814
Weighted average in US-$93,65268,20877,44154,92356,38152,57048,00039,48136,52934,28328,50925,80928,19630,34032,32632,737
Inflation adj. (kg) in US-$139,94097,805107,80074,23174,30067,36959,74748,04243,76740,18932,33328,46130,61032,20333,42132,737
Inflation adj. (gram) in US-$1409810874746760484440322831323333
Weighted in Euro (g)74556047474038353332312930272626
Inflation adjusted in Euro (g)106757960594945403736343132282726
Sources: UNODC ARQ and EUROPOL.
* Calculation for Sweden is based on brown heroin price (80%) and white heroin price (20%)** Data available till November 2005
USA1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
Average in US-$162,500155,000150,000146,000142,500146,000141,875129,375125,000107,00081,20059,50050,75065,50068,800
Inflation adj. (kg) in US-$242,818222,258208,803197,327187,788187,098176,598157,426149,770125,43392,09365,61555,09469,52371,131
Inflation adj. (gram) in US-$2352152021911821811711521451218963537071
Source: UNODC ARQ, CEWG for 2004.
1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
US consumer price index130.7136.2140.3144.5148.2152.4156.9160.5163166.6172.2177.1179.9184188.9195.3
based year 20040.670.700.720.740.760.780.800.820.830.850.880.910.920.940.971.00
Graph Price Heroin
USA: heroin retail and wholesale prices, 1990-2004 (US$/gram)
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003
90919293949596979899000102030405
EUROPE: Heroin retail and wholesale prices, 1990-2005 (US$/gram)
Note: Retail and wholesale prices are not directly comparable because purity levels differ.
Wholesale heroin prices in Europe and the USA, 1990-2005 (US$/gram)
2001
GP1600
SP1200
Graph Price Heroin
419.8277582249235
400.1212334802215
372.9631432644202
362.2173010381191
268.1882793522182
250.9681889764181
211.7305927342171
183.9835514019152
194.3294907975145
160.3663865546121
143.390121951289
121.304347826163
94.990272373553
123.123913043569.5225543478
15771.1309687665
Retail
Wholesale
US$/gram
Reported Eradication 95-06
Significant opium poppy eradication reported (ha), 1995 to 2006
199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Afghanistan40012121,4305,10315,300
Colombia3,4666,8856,9882,9018,2499,2542,3853,5773,2663,8662,121569569.44
Egypt1534654550
Guatemala4847
Lao PDR4,1343,5562,5751,518
Mexico15,38914,67117,73217,44915,46115,71715,35019,15720,03415,92620,80316,831GoMexico
Myanmar3,3101,9383,0933,1729,8241,6439,3177,4696382,8203,9073,970
Pakistan8676542,1941,1971,7041,4844,1855,200391354GoP
Peru418261551457989288UNODC 2006
Thailand5808861,053716808757832507767122110153GoThailand
Venezuela87154
Vietnam4771,14234043942632
Egypt (in feddan)3680154106120
Egypt (in ha)1534654550
Retail
Wholesale
US$/gram
259.1494217481
139.9399466536
213.8814079784
97.8046630425
204.1349254398
107.7998421225
144.3853240632
74.2311829224
155.9826100865
74.300220553
152.5546779824
67.3688006422
146.3177549183
59.7471093718
113.5981290251
48.0416762365
112.9542859862
43.7671916336
101.6145393003
40.1887471268
72.1672632928
32.3328248272
65.0351813561
28.4608182891
67.7848327109
30.6101155986
74.4411484476
32.2029027512
78.0257008366
33.4207194662
71.352845601
32.7365371303
Europe
USA*
1990
1990
1991
1991
1992
1992
1993
1993
1994
1994
1995
1995
1996
1996
1997
1997
1998
1998
1999
1999
2000
2000
2001
2001
2002
2002
2003
2003
2004
2004
2005
2005
139.9399466536
235
97.8046630425
215
107.7998421225
202
74.2311829224
191
74.300220553
182
67.3688006422
181
59.7471093718
171
48.0416762365
152
43.7671916336
145
40.1887471268
121
32.3328248272
89
28.4608182891
63
30.6101155986
53
32.2029027512
69.5225543478
33.4207194662
71.1309687665
32.7365371303
Martin:source: INCSR 2007.
Martin:source: INSCR 2007.
Martin:source: INSCR 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:source: diff. Between gross and net figures given by Pak delegation, CND 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:source: DIRANDRO.
Martin Raithelhuber:source: SIMCI. Note: small differences to other published figures possible due to rounding.
Martin Raithelhuber:Gov. of Egypt, April 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:Gov. of Egypt. April 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:Gov. of Egypt. April 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:Gov. of Egypt. April 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:Gov. of Egypt. April 2007.
A rea global de plantio da papoula para produo de pio subiu 33% de 2005 a 2006 by devido ao aumento de 59% da rea de cultivo no Afeganisto. Enquanto isso, no Sudeste da sia a rea de plantiu continuou a diminuir, fecnahdo 2006 com queda de 31% na rea total de plantio. Como vocs podem ver no grfico, mesmo assim a rea geral de plantio est 10% mais baixa que no ano 2000.
Nos ltimos 15 anos a rea total de plantio da papoula do pio no chamado Tringulo Dourado diminiu 89%.
-
Produo global de pio, 1990 - 2006
5,620
5,760
4,620
6,610
Chart2
15701621202367
19801728196370
19701660127386
23301791169320
34161583120501
23351664128325
22481760140207
28041676147196
26931303124225.96
4565895124180.4
32761087167161.4
1851097134214
3400828112180
3600810120252.65
420037043237
410031214193.505
610031520174.6
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Lao PDR
Rest of the World
Metric tons
Chart1
413001501003058040774
508001600002962541135
493001537001919037496
583001658002604027267
714701466001852035889
537591540701965022440
568241630002160116190
584161551502408214200
636741303002683717008
90583895002254313578
821711087001905212029
76061050001725512233
74100814001400010672
80000622001200014400
13100044200660014200
10400032800180012900
16500021500250012000
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Lao PDR
Rest of the World
Hectares
Table Opium 90-06
OPIUM
GLOBAL ILLICIT CULTIVATION OF OPIUM POPPY AND PRODUCTION OF OPIUM, 1990-2006
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
CULTIVATION(a) IN HECTARES
SOUTH-WEST ASIA
Afghanistan41,30050,80049,30058,30071,47053,75956,82458,41663,67490,58382,1717,60674,10080,000131,000104,000165,000
Pakistan7,4887,9629,4937,3295,7595,0918738749502842602136222,5001,5002,4381,545
Subtotal48,78858,76258,79365,62977,22958,85057,69759,29064,62490,86782,4317,81974,72282,500132,500106,438166,545
SOUTH-EAST ASIA
Lao PDR30,58029,62519,19026,04018,52019,65021,60124,08226,83722,54319,05217,25514,00012,0006,6001,8002,500
Myanmar150,100160,000153,700165,800146,600154,070163,000155,150130,30089,500108,700105,00081,40062,20044,20032,80021,500
Thailand (b)1,7823,7273,016998478168368352716702890820750
Viet Nam (b)18,00017,00012,1994,2683,0661,8801,7433404424422006: 170.8 ha, INCSR 2007.
Subtotal200,462210,352188,105197,106168,664175,768186,712179,924158,295113,187128,642123,07596,15074,20050,80034,60024,000
LATIN AMERICA
Colombia1,1606,5785,00815,0915,2264,9166,5847,3506,5006,5004,3004,1004,1003,9502,0001,000
Mexico (c)5,4503,7653,3103,9605,7955,0505,1004,0005,5003,6001,9004,4002,7004,8003,5003,300n/aINCSR estimate not available until April 2007.
Subtotal5,4504,9259,8888,96820,88610,27610,01610,58412,85010,1008,4008,7006,8008,9007,4505,3005,300
OTHER
Combined (d)8,0547,5212,9005,7045,7005,0253,1902,0502,0502,0502,4792,5002,5003,0005,1905,1625,155INCSR 2007: 100 ha in Guatemala.
GRAND TOTAL262,754281,560259,686277,407272,479249,919257,615251,848237,819216,204221,952142,094180,172168,600195,940151,500201,000
POTENTIAL PRODUCTION IN METRIC TONS
OPIUM (e)
SOUTH-WEST ASIA
Afghanistan1,5701,9801,9702,3303,4162,3352,2482,8042,6934,5653,2761853,4003,6004,2004,1006,100
Pakistan150160181161128112242426985552403639
Subtotal1,7202,1402,1512,4913,5442,4472,2722,8282,7194,5743,2841903,4053,6524,2404,1366,139
SOUTH-EAST ASIA
Lao PDR202196127169120128140147124124167134112120431420- 0
Myanmar1,6211,7281,6601,7911,5831,6641,7601,6761,3038951,0871,097828810370312315
Thailand (b)20231417325488669
Viet Nam (b)908561211599222
Subtotal1,9332,0321,8621,9981,7211,8031,9141,8291,4371,0291,2601,237949930413326335
LATIN AMERICA
Colombia169068205716790100888880767656281414.00
Mexico (c)624140496053544660432191581017371n/a
Subtotal62571301172651241211361601311091711341771299999
OTHER
Combined (d)4545- 0490784830303038323224685937
GRAND TOTAL3,7604,2744,1434,6105,6204,4524,3554,8234,3465,7644,6911,6304,5204,7834,8504,6206,610
HEROIN
Potential HEROIN (f)376427414461562445436482435576469163452478495472606
(a) Opium poppy harvestable after eradication.
(b) Due to small production, cultivation and production were included in the category " Other", for Viet Nam as of 2000 and for Thailand as of 2003.
(c) As its survey system is under development, the Government of Mexico indicates it can neither provide cultivation estimates nor endorse those published by UNODC, which are derived from US Government surveys.
(d) Includes countries such as Russia, Ukraine, Central Asia, Caucasus region, other C.I.S. countries, Baltic countries, Guatemala, Peru, Viet Nam (as of 2000), Thailand (as of 2003), India, Egypt and Lebanon.
(e) All figures refer to dry opium.
(f) Heroin estimates for Afghanistan are based on the Afghanistan Opium Survey (since 2004). For other countries, a 10:1 ratio is used for conversion from opium to heroin.
kg/ha
Mexico yield11.3810.8912.0812.3710.3510.5010.5911.5010.9111.9411.0520.6821.4821.04
ha270048003500
tons5810173
21.4821.0420.86
(7) Estimate based on preliminary figures.
&C&F&R&D
Martin Raithelhuber: fig. Correct in WDR 2005 but wrong in WDR 2006. Now correct again accord. To GOP info, and combined adjusted to maintain same total.
Martin: 1,907 ha gross of which harvestable 1,553 ha according based on meeting with Pak general during CND 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:Using net cultivation x 25 kg (GOP). source: INCSR 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:Pakistan ARQ 2005, which reported acres, were converted to hectares, based on meeting with Pak delegation CND 2007. Original acre fig. 7101 gross, 6136 net)
Martin Raithelhuber:Pak ARQ 2005 fig. Of 35.505 tons
Martin Raithelhuber:from 70 to 40
Martin Raithelhuber:total changed from 1596 in WDR 2006
Martin Raithelhuber:Total changed from 4491 in WDR 2006
Martin Raithelhuber:Total changed from 4765 in WDR 2006
Martin Raithelhuber:source: SIMCI in April 2007, DIRAN figures refering to Febr. 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:calculated based on previous year's production figure (14kg/ha).
Graph Global Opium 90-06
Global opium poppy cultivation (hectares), 1990-2006
BASE TABLE FOR GRAPH CULTIVATION
From Table19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Afghanistan41,30050,80049,30058,30071,47053,75956,82458,41663,67490,58382,1717,60674,10080,000131,000104,000165,000
Myanmar150,100160,000153,700165,800146,600154,070163,000155,150130,30089,500108,700105,00081,40062,20044,20032,80021,500
Lao PDR30,58029,62519,19026,04018,52019,65021,60124,08226,83722,54319,05217,25514,00012,0006,6001,8002,500
CalculationRest of the World40,77441,13537,49627,26735,88922,44016,19014,20017,00813,57812,02912,23310,67214,40014,20012,90012,000
Global opium production (metric tons), 1990-2006
BASE TABLE FOR GRAPH OPIUM PRODUCTION COMING FROM OPIUM SHEET
From Table19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Afghanistan1,5701,9801,9702,3303,4162,3352,2482,8042,6934,5653,2761853,4003,6004,2004,1006,100
Myanmar1,6211,7281,6601,7911,5831,6641,7601,6761,3038951,0871,097828810370312315
Lao PDR202196127169120128140147124124167134112120431420
CalculationRest of the World367370386320501325207196226180161214180253237194175
4563
1626
2937
180.6273062731
293700
293700
295326
Graph Global Opium 90-06
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Lao PDR
Rest of the World
Hectares
Graph Country Opium 90-06
Annual Opium Poppy Cultivation and Production in Major Producing Countries
AFGHANISTAN - OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION (hectares), 1990-2006AFGHANISTAN - OPIUM PRODUCTION (metric tons), 1990-2006
MYANMAR - OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION (hectares), 1990-2006MYANMAR - OPIUM PRODUCTION (metric tons), 1990-2006
LAO PDR - OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION (hectares), 1990-2006LAO PDR - OPIUM PRODUCTION (metric tons), 1990-2006
REST OF THE WORLD - OPIUM POPPY CULT. (ha), 1990-2006REST OF THE WORLD - OPIUM PRODUCTION (metric tons), 1990-2006
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Lao PDR
Rest of the World
Metric tons
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
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Graph Country Opium 90-06
41300
50800
49300
58300
71470
53759
56824
58416
63674
90583
82171
7606
74100
80000
131000
104000
165000
interception-rate
Heroin production376427.4414.3461562445.2435.5482.3434.596576.44469.14163452478.265495472605.96
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Heroin production in tons376427.4414.3461562445.2435.5482.3434.596576.44469.14163452478.265495472605
Opiate seizures33364064566958737484997683110120124
8.7%8.4%9.6%13.9%10.0%15.4%13.3%15.2%17.0%14.6%21.2%46.7%18.4%23.1%24.3%26.4%
Opiates available for consumption (in tons)34339137539750637637840936149337087369368375348
Drug19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Heroin24,103.6822,728.3825,048.9526,696.6528,318.5731,272.4928,505.1033,347.8532,316.8836,230.1854,137.5954,085.2448,539.7253,242.7760,072.6358,284.4715,314.09
Opium (raw and prepared)36,626.3541,484.4352,844.4485,278.50144,661.09247,228.14174,205.41196,374.47179,170.82239,435.19213,492.51105,678.5496,833.02133,405.19211,731.30341,966.63319,364.00
Morphine4,996.169,076.079,460.3528,946.6913,494.3612,769.1211,934.9020,275.7723,463.8123,622.7223,730.8711,415.5724,701.6343,716.7239,177.0932,006.6839,336.00
Opium (liquid)9.5217.9733.6113.9382.34111.19358.021,293.191,036.42871.95872.5918.68450.25356.46260.27114.76
Grand Total65,735.7173,306.8587,387.35140,935.76186,556.37291,380.94215,003.44251,291.27235,987.92300,160.04292,233.56171,198.04170,524.62230,721.15311,241.29432,372.53374,014.09
32874
33239
33604
33970
34335
34700
35065
35431
35796
36161
36526
36892
37257
37622
37987
38353
38896
150100
160000
153700
165800
146600
154070
163000
155150
130300
89500
108700
105000
81400
62200
44200
32800
21500
32874
33239
33604
33970
34335
34700
35065
35431
35796
36161
36526
36892
37257
37622
37987
38353
38896
30580
29625
19190
26040
18520
19650
21601
24082
26837
22543
19052
17255
14000
12000
6600
1800
2500
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
38896
40774
41135
37496
27267
35889
22440
16190
14200
17008
13578
12029
12233
10672
14400
14200
12900
12000
32874
33239
33604
33970
34335
34700
35065
35431
35796
36161
36526
36892
37257
37622
37987
38353
38896
1570
1980
1970
2330
3416
2335
2248
2804
2693
4565
3276
185
3400
3600
4200
4100
6100
32874
33239
33604
33970
34335
34700
35065
35431
35796
36161
36526
36892
37257
37622
37987
38353
38896
1621
1728
1660
1791
1583
1664
1760
1676
1303
895
1087
1097
828
810
370
312
315
32874
33239
33604
33970
34335
34700
35065
35431
35796
36161
36526
36892
37257
37622
37987
38353
38896
202
196
127
169
120
128
140
147
124
124
167
134
112
120
43
14
20
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
38896
367
370
386
320
501
325
207
196
225.96
180.4
161.4
214
180
252.65
237
193.505
174.6
Pie chart
CULTIVATION
From Table: ValueCalculated: Percent2005
200520062005TextTextValue
Afghanistan104,000165,00068.6Afghanistan (165,000 ha)Afghanistan (104,000 ha)68
Myanmar32,80021,50021.7Myanmar (21,500 ha)Myanmar (32,800 ha)22
Rest of the World14,70014,5009.7Rest of the World (14,500 ha)Rest of the World (14,700 ha)10
151,500100.0
Afghanistan (131,000 ha)
Myanmar (44,200 ha)
Rest of the World (20,800 ha)
Yield: This data are calculated from "Table Opium 90-05"
19992000200120022003200420052006
Afghanistan5040244645323937
Myanmar101010101381015
PRODUCTION
From Table: ValueCalculated: Percent2005
200520062005TextTextValue
Afghanistan4,1006,10089Afghanistan (6,100 mt)Afghanistan (89 mt)89
Myanmar3123157Myanmar (315 mt)Myanmar (7 mt)7
Rest of the World2081954Rest of the World (195 mt)Rest of the World (4 mt)4
4,620100
Pie chart
0
0
0
68%78%%
22%78%%
10%78%%
2005
Afghanistan (104,000 ha)
Myanmar (32,800 ha)
Rest of the World (14,700 ha)
Value Opium
Potential value of 2003 Farmgate Production of Opium (UNODC estimate)
For Graph
Farmgate priceProductionPotential value(millions of US$)Myanmar87
US$ per kgmetric tonsAfghanistan600
Myanmar23437087Others64
Afghanistan1424,20060080%
Lao, PDR218439
Colombia (1)1947615
Mexico (1)194(2)10120
Other (1) (4)196(3)10320
Total opium4,893751
(1) Based on 2002 opium prices and calculated with 2003 production data.
(2) Farmgate price not available: value based on price in Colombia
(3) Average price based on the total value and production from the five countries listed above.
(4) Includes countries such as Pakistan, Central Asia, Russia, Ukraine, Caucasus region, Viet Nam, Thailand, Egypt and Peru.4200
13
28
134
370
43
4788
Differences in opium yield between Afghanistan and Myanmar are due to differences in opium poppy varieties and growing conditions. Variations of yields from year to year in the same country are mostly caused by changes in weather conditions and/or, as in the case of Afghanistan in 2001, by a shift in the relative distribution of cultivation from irrigated to rain-fed land.
Afghanistan (165,000 ha)
Myanmar (21,500 ha)
Rest of the World ( ha)
2006
0
0
0
Afghanistan
Myanmar
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
89%%
7%%
4%%
2005
labels
2005
Rest of the World (208 mt)
Myanmar (312 mt)
Afghanistan (4,100 mt)
0
0
0
0
0
0
Afghanistan (6,100 mt)
Myanmar (315 mt)
Rest of the World ( mt)
2006
0
0
0
Value Opium
0
0
0
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Others
600
Heroin price (new)
Retail prices (street price), US$/gram1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
EUROPE1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005**1$ =exchange rate0.785280.807000.770360.853970.840680.767500.791420.877420.893830.935081.080181.115001.061690.884900.805100.79489
Austria270250203132138103877094577544926875748,111Austria8,111.006
Belgium901051057775755637414137272931323210,296Belgium10,295.787
Denmark28726515113922819115718814717511611112612294885,351Denmark5,351.414
Finland8006967707246064554142572542502071211881951951955,197Finland5,197.451
France14515315013514417015611311911132344757686959,850France59,849.658
Germany10575967491907451434539383846494882,414Germany82,414.408
Greece1201756344105887780555555534565513110,970Greece10,969.505
Italy167148140295541115981209571685963696857,482Iceland287.333
Luxembourg172150150150172202138141133126696767457676447Ireland3,910.840
Netherlands4950554955614855343025433540575716,067Italy57,482.385
Norway1,6805255102753493002821981861661281571651981481484,514Luxembourg447.216
Iceland184376374407380410377372372372372372372372372372287Malta392.649
Portugal8382726365796855743745454154525210,049Netherlands16,066.883
Spain17518518012613212011288827559576175818040,977Norway4,513.682
Sweden*22521019518016533734613513012611312913312811992Sweden 2001/2002*2003 ARQ data8,867Portugal10,048.594
Switzerland31222124812616419011681961675345394848487,171Spain40,977.309
United Kingdom15714414413412912510811812010810786911001109359,068Sweden8,867.321
Ireland1961801801681611792752282132041761701791792482523,911Switzerland7,171.404
Average unweighted in US-$2902222101681791791671311281249993100105108104391030.15962.4397921387Turkey70,318.341
inflation adjustment in US-$433318293228235229208160154146112102109111112104404,278United Kingdom59,067.963
Weighted average in US-$173149147107118119118939487645962707571
Adjusted for inflation in US-$2592142041441561531461141131027265687478711990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
Weighted average in Euro136120113911009193828481696666626157EU-15 consumper price81.785.989.392.495.097.7100.0101.7103.0104.3106.2108.6110.8113.0115.2117.7344
Adjusted for inflation in Euro196165149116123110110959691767170656257EU-15 consumper price0.690.730.760.780.810.830.850.860.870.890.900.920.940.960.981.00
Sources: UNODC ARQ and EUROPOL.** Data available till November 2005
1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
USA28127926826820419617015116213712611088116152
Adjusted for inflation42040037336226825121218419416014312195123157
Sources: ONDCP: 1990-2000 data, UNODC ARQ: 2001-2003 data, CEWG for 2004.
Wholesale, US$/kg
EUROPE1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005**
Austria55,24446,14563,00036,00037,75230,49130,22228,83134,56531,08725,02619,55323,54733,90037,26036,1688,111
Belgium30,00030,00028,50026,60029,58632,58024,30721,76120,84718,55718,36020,29222,22920,96023,04023,33610,296
Denmark110,000100,00085,00095,000117,625106,80586,806100,46565,69361,50723,58532,88920,80341,77032,82037,7415,351
Finland353,774353,774353,774353,774353,774353,774321,586199,442197,856194,357161,03444,84051,80451,80068,31469,1925,197
France180,00072,25080,00063,75075,00066,03546,60332,23025,88525,59622,15826,90623,54728,25031,05031,45059,850
Germany45,24436,14541,66735,20636,44835,25627,89025,68625,60824,77020,26317,81620,32521,51025,72325,76582,414
Greece90,00070,00035,00028,00029,53634,36239,09028,77521,02020,71417,32016,59217,42518,65017,54014,78210,970
Italy67,50060,000108,00042,58147,69035,78648,15237,79536,45936,89431,16332,97933,66929,83030,10930,49657,482
Luxembourg86,00075,00075,00049,50086,00057,07959,85254,78652,63050,36848,00050,36950,36924,70043,47331,450447
Netherlands23,85025,00026,55023,85023,85024,38420,57213,81014,05616,98514,70315,75729,19917,73017,73017,73016,067
Norway220,000200,000212,500151,099101,74485,00072,52062,20964,91849,87244,56135,87437,67648,23452,79052,7904,514
Portugal50,00055,00046,66731,50032,42843,17145,90238,84130,48329,33925,39831,31025,83931,00034,07534,51210,049
Spain160,000125,000122,50091,00074,41879,88084,39563,88052,75553,82043,59632,00041,20248,42046,35047,05540,977
Sweden*140,000130,000115,00095,000117,62562,65564,82965,77163,19061,02241,62633,70234,73841,90031,64828,620Sweden 2001/2002/2003 ARQ data8,867
Switzerland124,000153,800228,87547,46052,82354,85041,66537,23434,29433,42229,56816,08219,14922,34023,58037,7417,171
United Kingdom53,94043,94043,50043,21042,50042,00434,84639,49141,66729,12626,71825,92630,62034,34039,04139,04159,068
Ireland63,94053,94053,50053,21052,50081,47977,64336,53134,39643,47837,60036,44136,44130,51030,51033,9673,911
* Calculation for Sweden is based on brown heroin price (80%) and white heroin price (20%)
Average unweighted in US_$109,02995,882101,12074,51477,13572,09466,28752,20848,01945,93637,09928,78430,50532,10834,41534,814390,743
infl.adj. in US-$162,918137,487140,760100,710101,65092,38882,51063,52857,53453,84942,07531,74233,11634,08035,58134,814
Weighted average in US-$93,65268,20877,44154,92356,38152,57048,00039,48136,52934,28328,50925,80928,19630,34032,32632,737
Inflation adj. (kg) in US-$139,94097,805107,80074,23174,30067,36959,74748,04243,76740,18932,33328,46130,61032,20333,42132,737
Inflation adj. (gram) in US-$1409810874746760484440322831323333
Weighted in Euro (g)74556047474038353332312930272626
Inflation adjusted in Euro (g)106757960594945403736343132282726
Sources: UNODC ARQ and EUROPOL.
* Calculation for Sweden is based on brown heroin price (80%) and white heroin price (20%)** Data available till November 2005
USA1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
Average in US-$162,500155,000150,000146,000142,500146,000141,875129,375125,000107,00081,20059,50050,75065,50068,800
Inflation adj. (kg) in US-$242,818222,258208,803197,327187,788187,098176,598157,426149,770125,43392,09365,61555,09469,52371,131
Inflation adj. (gram) in US-$2352152021911821811711521451218963537071
Source: UNODC ARQ, CEWG for 2004.
1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
US consumer price index130.7136.2140.3144.5148.2152.4156.9160.5163166.6172.2177.1179.9184188.9195.3
based year 20040.670.700.720.740.760.780.800.820.830.850.880.910.920.940.971.00
Graph Price Heroin
USA: heroin retail and wholesale prices, 1990-2004 (US$/gram)
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003
90919293949596979899000102030405
EUROPE: Heroin retail and wholesale prices, 1990-2005 (US$/gram)
Note: Retail and wholesale prices are not directly comparable because purity levels differ.
Wholesale heroin prices in Europe and the USA, 1990-2005 (US$/gram)
2001
GP1600
SP1200
Graph Price Heroin
419.8277582249235
400.1212334802215
372.9631432644202
362.2173010381191
268.1882793522182
250.9681889764181
211.7305927342171
183.9835514019152
194.3294907975145
160.3663865546121
143.390121951289
121.304347826163
94.990272373553
123.123913043569.5225543478
15771.1309687665
Retail
Wholesale
US$/gram
Reported Eradication 95-06
Significant opium poppy eradication reported (ha), 1995 to 2006
199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Afghanistan40012121,4305,10315,300
Colombia3,4666,8856,9882,9018,2499,2542,3853,5773,2663,8662,121569569.44
Egypt1534654550
Guatemala4847
Lao PDR4,1343,5562,5751,518
Mexico15,38914,67117,73217,44915,46115,71715,35019,15720,03415,92620,80316,831GoMexico
Myanmar3,3101,9383,0933,1729,8241,6439,3177,4696382,8203,9073,970
Pakistan8676542,1941,1971,7041,4844,1855,200391354GoP
Peru418261551457989288UNODC 2006
Thailand5808861,053716808757832507767122110153GoThailand
Venezuela87154
Vietnam4771,14234043942632
Egypt (in feddan)3680154106120
Egypt (in ha)1534654550
Retail
Wholesale
US$/gram
259.1494217481
139.9399466536
213.8814079784
97.8046630425
204.1349254398
107.7998421225
144.3853240632
74.2311829224
155.9826100865
74.300220553
152.5546779824
67.3688006422
146.3177549183
59.7471093718
113.5981290251
48.0416762365
112.9542859862
43.7671916336
101.6145393003
40.1887471268
72.1672632928
32.3328248272
65.0351813561
28.4608182891
67.7848327109
30.6101155986
74.4411484476
32.2029027512
78.0257008366
33.4207194662
71.352845601
32.7365371303
Europe
USA*
1990
1990
1991
1991
1992
1992
1993
1993
1994
1994
1995
1995
1996
1996
1997
1997
1998
1998
1999
1999
2000
2000
2001
2001
2002
2002
2003
2003
2004
2004
2005
2005
139.9399466536
235
97.8046630425
215
107.7998421225
202
74.2311829224
191
74.300220553
182
67.3688006422
181
59.7471093718
171
48.0416762365
152
43.7671916336
145
40.1887471268
121
32.3328248272
89
28.4608182891
63
30.6101155986
53
32.2029027512
69.5225543478
33.4207194662
71.1309687665
32.7365371303
Martin:source: INCSR 2007.
Martin:source: INSCR 2007.
Martin:source: INSCR 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:source: diff. Between gross and net figures given by Pak delegation, CND 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:source: DIRANDRO.
Martin Raithelhuber:source: SIMCI. Note: small differences to other published figures possible due to rounding.
Martin Raithelhuber:Gov. of Egypt, April 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:Gov. of Egypt. April 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:Gov. of Egypt. April 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:Gov. of Egypt. April 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:Gov. of Egypt. April 2007.
Em 2006, a produo de pio aumentou 43% fechando o ano de 2006 com um volume de 6610 toneladas mtricas, por causa do aumento de 49% na produo no Afeganisto. A produtividade no pas maior que em qualquer outro do Sudeste Asitico, o que levou a um recorde mundial na produo no ano passado, como se pode ver no grfico.
O Afeganisto foi responsvel por 92% da produo total de pio em 2006. O Sudeste Asitico produziu 5% e a Amrica Latina produziu 1% do pio mundial. A produo de herona ficou em 606 toneladas mtricas em 2006 um aumento de 28% em comparao com 2005.
-
Plantao de coca, 1990 - 2006
209,700
190,800
221,300
159,600
156,900
Chart1
4010012130050300
3750012080047900
3710012910045300
3970010880047200
4470010860048100
5090011530048600
672009440048100
794006880045800
1018005100038000
1601003870021800
1633004340014600
1448004620019900
1020004670021600
860004420023600
800005030027700
860004820025400
780005140027500
Colombia
Peru
Bolivia
Hectares
interception-rate
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Cocaine production773.6833.0866.0769.0891.0930.0950.0875.0825.0925.0878.8827.0800.0859.01017.0990.0
Cocaine seizures174.4194.4171.6164.7209.6185.1204.5209.0237.5220.9206.7224.1223.5299.4347.6399.7
22.5%23.3%19.8%21.4%23.5%19.9%21.5%23.9%28.8%23.9%23.5%27.1%27.9%34.9%34.2%40.4%
assumed purity60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%55.0%
seizures290,650324,082285,966274,549349,313308,484340,794348,385395,771368,165344,434373,502372,493499,031579,393726,673
Table Coca 90-06
GLOBAL ILLICIT CULTIVATION OF COCA BUSH AND PRODUCTION OF COCA LEAF AND COCAINE, 1990-2006
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006CALCULACION
CULTIVATION(a) OF COCA BUSH IN HECTARES20062005BOLIVIA
Bolivia (b)50,30047,90045,30047,20048,10048,60048,10045,80038,00021,80014,60019,90021,60023,60027,70025,40027,50018%16%Yungas14,000(ODC 2002)59%
Colombia (c)40,10037,50037,10039,70044,70050,90067,20079,400101,800160,100163,300144,800102,00086,00080,00086,00078,00050%54%Chapare9,60041%
Peru (d)121,300120,800129,100108,800108,600115,30094,40068,80051,00038,70043,40046,20046,70044,20050,30048,20051,40033%30%
Total211,700206,200211,500195,700201,400214,800209,700194,000190,800220,600221,300210,900170,300153,800158,000159,600156,900
Calculation 2004
POTENTIAL PRODUCTION OF DRY COCA LEAF IN METRIC TONS (e)ha > dry leafYearhayieldyieldyieldtotal yieldillegalcocaine yield
Bolivia77,00078,00080,30084,40089,80085,00075,10070,10052,90022,80013,40020,20019,80027,80038,00030,9000.9167see INSCR1.0Bolivia200427,70011,900.00179838009361200093636,18524,9533.587,336
Colombia45,30045,00044,90045,30067,50080,900108,900129,500165,900261,000266,200236,000222,100193,340170,730170,730383.0BreakthroughBolivia200323,6007,300.00179842509361200093628,33517,1033.559,862
Peru196,900222,700223,900155,500165,300183,600174,700130,60095,60069,20046,20049,30052,50050,79070,30067,9001.124see CAS-3%
Total319,200345,700349,100285,200322,600349,500358,700330,200314,400353,000325,800305,500294,400271,930279,030269,5300.426ratio dry to fresh Peru
POTENTIAL MANUFACTURE(f) OF COCAINE IN METRIC TONS2006%2005%dry leaf >cocaineha > cocaineCocaine productionCocabase price 2003
Bolivia1892202252402552402152001507043606079107900%9%0.0030see INSCRYungas46.980038,000
Colombia92889111920123030035043568069561758055064064061069%65%Chapare32.1100032,000
Peru (g)49252555041043546043532524017514115016023027026028031%26%0.437579.070,000
Total7748338667698919309508758259258798278008591,017990890
(a) Potentially harvestable, after eradicationAverage price886
(b) Sources: 1990-2002: CICAD and US Department of State, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report; 2003-2006: National Illicit Crop Monitoring System supported by UNODC.
(c) Sources: 1990-1998: CICAD and US Department of State, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report; 1999-2006: National Illicit Crop Monitoring System supported by UNODC.
(d) Sources: 1990-1999: CICAD and US Department of State, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report; 2000-2006: National Illicit Crop Monitoring System supported by UNODC.
(e) Refers to the potential dry coca leaf production available for cocaine production, i. e. after deducting the amount, which governments report as being used for traditional or other purposes allowed under national law. In the absence of a standard defi
(f) Amounts of cocaine that could be manufactured from locally produced coca leaf (due to imports and exports actual amounts of cocaine manufactured in a country can differ).
(g) Figures from 2003 to 2005 were revised based on updated information available on the amount of coca leaf necessary to produce one kilogramme of cocaine HCl.
&C&F&R&D
Martin Raithelhuber:Revised in 2006 based on 375kg sun-dried coca leaf/kg cocaine HCl from originally 155 mt.
Martin Raithelhuber:Revised in 2006 based on 375kg sun-dried coca leaf/kg cocaine HCl from originally 190 mt.
Martin Raithelhuber:Revised in 2006 based on 375kg sun-dried coca leaf/kg cocaine HCl from originally 180 mt.
Martin Raithelhuber:Calculation with 375kg sun-dried coca leaf / kg cocaine HCl.
Graphs Global Coca 90 05
GLOBAL COCA BUSH CULTIVATION (hectares), 1990 to 2006
200320042005
Boliva210240
Colombia350315
Peru212304
1.4339622642
GLOBAL COCAINE PRODUCTION (metric tons), 1990 to 2006
hayield
136460.33136094675600alto huallaga4,522298813,510,993
0.668639053311300alto huallaga/monzon9,124119710,921,725
16900aguatia5061376696,256
apurimac14,299362751,862,473
la convencion12,337145717,975,009
central selva2501433358,250
inambari2,26412902,920,560
san gaban4651290599,850
others450860387,000
44,21799,232,1172.2
218,310,657
50,300109700000
1.13757152231.11
Graphs Global Coca 90 05
4010012130050300
3750012080047900
3710012910045300
3970010880047200
4470010860048100
5090011530048600
672009440048100
794006880045800
1018005100038000
1601003870021800
1633004340014600
1448004620019900
1020004670021600
860004420023600
800005030027700
860004820025400
780005140027500
Colombia
Peru
Bolivia
Hectares
Graph Country Coca 90 03
COLOMBIA - COCA BUSH CULTIVATION, 1990 - 2006 (ha)COLOMBIA - POTENTIAL COCAINE PRODUCTION, 1990 - 2006 (mt)9091929394959697989900010203040506
PERU - COCA BUSH CULTIVATION, 1990 - 2006 (ha)PERU - POTENTIAL COCAINE PRODUCTION, 1990 - 2006 (mt)
BOLIVIA - COCA BUSH CULTIVATION, 1990 - 2006 (ha)BOLIVIA - POTENTIAL COCAINE PRODUCTION, 1990 - 2006 (mt)
Colombia
Peru
Bolivia
Metric tons
1990
1990
1990
1991
1991
1991
1992
1992
1992
1993
1993
1993
1994
1994
1994
1995
1995
1995
1996
1996
1996
1997
1997
1997
1998
1998
1998
1999
1999
1999
2000
2000
2000
2001
2001
2001
2002
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
2006
92.0004882813
492.25
189.3054656982
88.0006256104
525.0006103516
219.9971923828
90.9995727539
550.0012207031
224.9992828369
118.999786377
409.9981689453
239.9977111816
200.9975891113
435
254.9977264404
230.0025634766
460.0004882813
239.9977264404
300
434.9991455078
215.0014343262
349.9959411621
324.996887207
200
434.9971313477
240.0020141602
149.9985809326
680
175
70.0009231567
695
140.8277816231
43
617
150
60
579.98
160
60
550
230
79
640
270
107
640
260
90
610
280
fff
2003
2004
2005
million US$
Figure 5: Potential farm gate value of coca cultivation (leaf or coca base production)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Graph Country Coca 90 03
40100
37500
37100
39700
44700
50900
67200
79400
101800
160100
163300
144800
102000
86000
80000
86000
78000
Pie Charts
CultivationProduction
20032004200520062003200420052006
Bolivia23600277002540027500Bolivia79107900
Colombia86000800008600078000Colombia550640640610
Peru44200503004820051400Peru230270260280
121300
120800
129100
108800
108600
115300
94400
68800
51000
38700
43400
46200
46700
44200
50300
48200
51400
50300
47900
45300
47200
48100
48600
48100
45800
38000
21800
14600
19900
21600
23600
27700
25400
27500
92.0004882813
88.0006256104
90.9995727539
118.999786377
200.9975891113
230.0025634766
300
349.9959411621
434.9971313477
680
695
617
579.98
550
640
640
610
492.25
525.0006103516
550.0012207031
409.9981689453
435
460.0004882813
434.9991455078
324.996887207
240.0020141602
175
140.8277816231
150
160
230
270
260
280
189.3054656982
219.9971923828
224.9992828369
239.9977111816
254.9977264404
239.9977264404
215.0014343262
200
149.9985809326
70.0009231567
43
60
60
79
107
90
Estimates for Colombia for 1999 and subsequent years come from the national monitoring system established by the Colombian government with the support of UNODC. Due to the change of methodology, figures for 1999 and after cannot be directly compared with data from previous years.
Pie Charts
00
00
00
2005
2004
Bolivia11%
Potential Valu of Coca Base
ESTIMATED FARMGATE VALUE OF 2004 POTENTIAL PRODUCTION OF COCA BASE
(UNODC estimates)
Farmgate priceProductionPotential value
US$ per kgmetric tonsmillions of US$
coca leaf
Colombia810390315base315
Peru640190122leaf304
Bolivia1,200107128leaf240
859
687565
Farm-gate value of coca products, 2005
Potential farm-gate valueAs % of GDPEstimated Farmgate Value of 2004 Potential Production of Coca Base
Bolivia(sun-dried coca leaf)1802.1
Colombia(coca base)8370.7
Peru(sun-dried coca leaf)3070.4
1324
2006
2005
2006
2005
2005
2004
2004
2004
Bolivia18%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2006
2004
0
0
0
0
0
0
2006
2004
0
0
0
0
0
0
Potential Valu of Coca Base
0
0
0
Colombia
Peru
Bolivia
315
128
122
Cocaine price
199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004
Retail price (street price), US$/gram
1$ =exchange rate0.785280.807000.770360.853970.840680.764520.787560.881800.891990.938261.082721.116571.057530.884020.80392
EUROPE1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005**
Austria19818016712012615613811811393947871901031018,111ARQAustria8,111.006
Belgium8090689582939057556055515051515110,296EuropolBelgium10,295.787
Denmark144135111901501761691081191651061209112282825,351EuropolDenmark5,351.414
Finland1591501261051651911841231791571381211111511461705,197EuropolFinland5,197.451
France9911914015315117412587848250877590999459,850EuropolFrance59,849.658
Germany120103111951091039077726857585768737982,414EuropolGermany82,414.408
Greece1501201055411611114491548269727596937910,970EuropolGreece10,969.505
Iceland167203207200211228226238149134121109150207156156287ARQIceland287.333
Italy10812016490104113129109129135100899010111311457,482EuropolIreland3,910.840
Luxembourg15015015015017219412711511011911911910796114114447EuropolItaly57,482.385
Netherlands6670746660795264383333333350595916,067EuropolLuxembourg447.216
Norway1761702551561451501531771331281141571651701551554,514ARQMalta392.649
Portugal6357605759666457514356483647495510,049EuropolNetherlands16,066.883
Spain1101001006378917268686352525670767640,977EuropolNorway4,513.682
Sweden1601521831231481181189888977779879993928,867EuropolPortugal10,048.594
Switzerland1781441881361461481271171101097769748986867,171EuropolSpain40,977.309
United Kingdom1311276912311311110212412810494948490917959,068EuropolSweden8,867.321
Ireland141137120110100119323432302828947987883,911EuropolSwitzerland7,171.404
Average unweighted in US-$1331291331101241341191039595808184989696391030.159Turkey70,318.341
Inflation adjusted in US-$1991851851491641721481261141119190911049996United Kingdom59,067.963
Weighted average US-$117115118104112118105929288707472848887
Inflation adjusted in US-$175164164140148152131112110103808278899187
Weighted average in Euro92939189949183818282768376747169
Inflation adjusted in Euro13212712011311710998949493849081777369199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004
Sources: UNODC ARQ data and EUROPOL, except 2003 EUROPOL, and in italic UNODC** Data available till November 2005EU-15 consumper price81.785.989.392.495.097.7100.0101.7103.0104.3106.2108.6110.8113.0115.2
EU-15 consumper price0.710.750.780.800.820.850.870.880.890.910.920.940.960.981.00
1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005.0
USA18417717014713713112612712411812998867587104USA (2001, 2002 & 2003): used the ONDCP source
Adjusted for inflation275254237199180168157154149138147108938090104
Sources: ONDCP 1990-2000 (prices for 1 gram or less, at street purity), ONDCP, The Price & Purity of Illicit Drugs 1981-2003 ( prices for < 2 grams)
Wholesale price, US$/kg
EUROPE1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
Austria66,00060,00054,00040,00041,94652,08445,87556,72354,44038,85947,09443,99542,38559,30055,89459,7578,111ARQ
Belgium25,00024,00038,25028,00026,92030,56021,92717,02519,16723,85922,37626,77128,11129,61032,48032,48010,296Europol
Denmark80,00085,00085,00082,50058,51660,03446,14138,64044,51778,90043,46247,83937,82353,16045,89650,3215,351Europol
Finland79,50075,00062,75052,50082,50095,45091,75061,55089,35078,46068,32159,49251,80462,15068,31568,3155,197Europol
France117,00038,25045,00038,25040,00039,87748,07743,55442,15927,71427,00034,97837,67645,20049,68350,32159,850Europol
Germany69,00053,10060,30054,14257,69254,67653,92545,29441,21039,63933,75233,23534,47640,11044,24346,52582,414Europol
Greece75,00060,00095,00036,00046,41353,09872,01543,79549,18049,32041,23740,35942,38553,68057,44662,90210,970Europol
Italy54,00048,00094,00041,93551,09751,45555,63350,62949,09147,25046,00040,52941,41247,44051,75952,18857,482Europol
Luxembourg93,91995,939113,52150,847157,593141,34347,62543,10341,07247,71847,71847,71847,71847,71831,05231,450447Europol
Netherlands26,50027,00029,50026,50024,68033,23223,89429,69822,35527,50027,50027,50027,50027,40033,77533,77516,067Europol
Norway120,000120,000127,500110,00039,97150,00041,67060,02881,69957,54551,41751,56954,15956,50065,20965,2094,514ARQ
Portugal39,50039,28533,00027,00027,95034,48342,59137,90833,44730,00028,00029,08031,04632,41036,39936,39910,049Europol
Spain65,00060,00055,00035,00036,43441,32238,76036,80638,92438,89830,88238,89831,51138,83042,16741,32140,977Europol
Sweden80,00076,20091,37561,45073,82555,55659,25545,57350,48448,50838,39434,69335,76343,13039,56040,0688,867Europol
Switzerland63,90094,250116,25050,84772,01275,94951,58740,78041,15241,00035,48223,39219,27437,23044,00844,0087,171Europol
United Kingdom47,85046,47520,62543,21045,00046,77440,62547,50047,50033,98138,16836,00835,84840,88050,03650,03659,068Europol
Ireland45,00045,00040,00050,00045,00042,00031,64633,73331,53029,89129,89129,89129,89130,51030,51030,5103,911Europol
Average unweighted67,48161,61868,29848,71754,56256,34747,82343,07945,72243,47338,62937,99736,98743,83945,79046,799390,743
infl.adj.100,83488,35595,07265,84371,90272,20859,52852,41954,78250,96243,81141,90240,15346,53147,34246,799
Weighted average67,79350,68757,39243,99847,04048,15047,75443,97543,43438,49135,58036,09535,95042,32246,83247,692
Adjusted for inflation (kg)101,30172,68279,89059,46561,99061,70459,44153,51052,04145,12140,35339,80439,02744,92148,41947,692
inflation adjusted (gram)98707757606058525044393838434647
Weighted in Euro (g)53414438403738393936384038373838
Inflation adjusted in Euro (g)77565848494544454441434441393938
Sources: UNODC ARQ or EUROPOL, except 2003 EUROPOL, and in italic UNODC
199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004
USA45,43048,30048,10044,73042,18038,64035,70034,32031,96030,87029,58021,50023,00021,50022066
Adjusted for inflation (kg)67,88469,25866,95660,45555,58549,51744,43741,76138,29336,18833,54823,70924,96922,82022814
Adjusted for inflation (gram)686967605650444238363424252323
Sources: ONDCP 1990-2000 (prices for 10-100 gram, at street purity), UNODC ARQ 2001 - 2002 (mid-point of min/max prices)
1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
US consumer price index130.7136.2140.3144.5148.2152.4156.9160.5163166.6172.2177.1179.9184188.9195.3
based year 20040.66922683050.69738863290.71838197640.73988735280.75883256530.78033794160.80337941630.8218125960.83461341530.8530465950.88172043010.90681003580.92114695340.9421402970.96722990271
Potential farm-gate value
As % of GDP
million US$
% of GDP
0
0
0
0
0
0
Graph Cocaine Price
USA: Cocaine retail and whole sale prices, 1990-2004* (US$/gram)
90919293949596979899000102030405
EUROPE: Cocaine retail and wholesale prices, 1990-2004* (US$/gram)
Wholesale cocaine prices in Europe and the USA, 1990-2003 (US$/gram)
9091929394959697989900010203
Graph Cocaine Price
275.287827084967.8843075746
253.8969.2583700441
236.976992159766.9560228083
199.030297577960.4551487889
179.89475708555.5853846154
168.286062992149.517007874
156.837476099444.4372848948
154.232242990741.7613457944
149.098969325238.2931779141
138.046386554636.1879411765
146.66780487833.5480487805
107.639082213423.709486166
93.361867704324.9688715953
79.605978260922.8203804348
90.257755426222.8136040233
103.7
Retail
Wholesale
US$/gram
ChartAK
110019944904
5493199525402
7512125922576
7000346244123
11620783469155
153531473344158
7653620861568
9395643695897
118397134153126
10089.1911312137033
843710399142786
Retail
Wholesale
US$/gram
174.8644557908
98
164.4084753429
70
163.8526596423
77
140.0799382183
57
147.5055111728
60
151.7165561268
60
131.0716592531
58
112.31501843
52
109.8657945657
50
102.9615741874
44
79.8050757335
39
81.9316246739
38
77.7095073928
38
88.7600893034
43
91.3116642472
46
87.1296994759
47
Europe
USA*
US$/gram
98
67.8843075746
70
69.2583700441
77
66.9560228083
57
60.4551487889
60
55.5853846154
60
49.517007874
58
44.4372848948
52
41.7613457944
50
38.2931779141
44
36.1879411765
39
33.5480487805
38
23.709486166
38
24.9688715953
43
22.8203804348
46
22.8136040233
47
Bolivia
Peru
Colombia (1)
Reported Eradication 92-03
Reported cumulative eradication of coca bush (ha), 1994 - 2006
1994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Bolivia1,1005,4937,5127,00011,62015,3537,6539,39511,83910,0898,4376,0735,070
Colombia (1)4,90425,40222,57644,12369,15544,15861,56895,897153,126137,033142,786170,752213,371Obs. De Drogas de Colombia
Peru1,2593,4627,83414,7336,2086,4367,13411,31210,39912,23712,688source INCSR 2007
Ecuador17Source: Direccion Nacional Antinarcoticos, Ecuador.
Venezuela118400COMISIN NACIONAL CONTRA EL USO ILCITO DE LAS DROGAS
(1) Includes both spraying and manual eradication.
Colombia20042005
Coca cultivation (ha)
coca erradicated by spraying136,551101,964.91
coca erradicated manually6,23413,253.37
total coca erradicated142,785115,218.28
Source: ODC report 2005Source: ODC website
Martin:source: INCSR 2007.
Martin Raithelhuber:source: letter of GoC with corrected figures, from 4 April 2006.
Em 2006, a Colmbia foi responsvel por 50% da rea global de plantio de coca; o Peru 33% e a Bolivia por menos de 18%.
A rea total de plantio de coca diminuiu 2% em 2006 e esteve 29% mais baixo que em 2000, e mais baixo que em qualquer outro ano da dcada de 1990s.
O plantio de coca aumentou no Peru em 2006 (+7%) e na Bolivia (+8%), mas diminuiu na Colombia (-9%).
Entre os anos de 2000 e 2005, a rea onde houve plantao de coca diminuiu na Colmbia (- 52%), principalmente por causa de erradicao de plantaes. Durante o mesmo perodo, a rea de plantio de coca aumentou no Peru em 18% e na Bolivia aumentou 88%.
Contudo, a rea onde h plantio de coca no Peru ainda 45% menor do que representava h uma dcada; e na Bolvia, a rea de plantio 43% menor do que era em 1996. Todas essas estimativas esto baseadas em estudos cientficos, conduzidos pelos pases-membros em cooperao com o UNODC, baseado em tecnologia remota de medio, combinada com estudos de campo.
-
Produo global de coca, 1990 - 2006
1,008
980
984
950
Revised data
Chart1
92.0004882813492.25189.3054656982
88.0006256104525.0006103516219.9971923828
90.9995727539550.0012207031224.9992828369
118.999786377409.9981689453239.9977111816
200.9975891113435254.9977264404
230.0025634766460.0004882813239.9977264404
300434.9991455078215.0014343262
349.9959411621324.996887207200
434.9971313477240.0020141602149.9985809326
68017570.0009231567
695140.827781623143
61715060
579.9816060
55023079
640270107
64026080
61028094
Colombia
Peru
Bolivia
Metric tons
interception-rate
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Cocaine production773.6833.0866.0769.0891.0930.0950.0875.0825.0925.0878.8827.0800.0859.01017.0980.0
Cocaine seizures174.4194.4171.6164.7209.6185.1204.5209.0237.5220.9206.7224.1223.5299.4347.6399.7
22.5%23.3%19.8%21.4%23.5%19.9%21.5%23.9%28.8%23.9%23.5%27.1%27.9%34.9%34.2%40.8%
assumed purity60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%55.0%
seizures290,650324,082285,966274,549349,313308,484340,794348,385395,771368,165344,434373,502372,493499,031579,393726,673
Table Coca 90-06
GLOBAL ILLICIT CULTIVATION OF COCA BUSH AND PRODUCTION OF COCA LEAF AND COCAINE, 1990-2006
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006CALCULACION
CULTIVATION(a) OF COCA BUSH IN HECTARES20062005BOLIVIA
Bolivia (b)50,30047,90045,30047,20048,10048,60048,10045,80038,00021,80014,60019,90021,60023,60027,70025,40027,50018%16%Yungas14,000(ODC 2002)59%
Colombia (c)40,10037,50037,10039,70044,70050,90067,20079,400101,800160,100163,300144,800102,00086,00080,00086,00078,00050%54%Chapare9,60041%
Peru (d)121,300120,800129,100108,800108,600115,30094,40068,80051,00038,70043,40046,20046,70044,20050,30048,20051,40033%30%
Total211,700206,200211,500195,700201,400214,800209,700194,000190,800220,600221,300210,900170,300153,800158,000159,600156,900-1.7%
Calculation 2004
POTENTIAL PRODUCTION OF DRY COCA LEAF IN METRIC TONS (e)ha > dry leafYearhayieldyieldyieldtotal yieldillegalcocaine yield
Bolivia77,00078,00080,30084,40089,80085,00075,10070,10052,90022,80013,40020,20019,80027,80038,00030,90028,2000.9167see INSCR1.0Bolivia200427,70011,900.00179838009361200093636,18524,9533.587,336
Colombia45,30045,00044,90045,30067,50080,900108,900129,500165,900261,000266,200236,000222,100193,340170,730170,730383.0BreakthroughBolivia200323,6007,300.00179842509361200093628,33517,1033.559,862
Peru196,900222,700223,900155,500165,300183,600174,700130,60095,60069,20046,20049,30052,50050,79070,30067,9001.124see CAS-3%
Total319,200345,700349,100285,200322,600349,500358,700330,200314,400353,000325,800305,500294,400271,930279,030269,5300.426ratio dry to fresh Peru
POTENTIAL MANUFACTURE(f) OF COCAINE IN METRIC TONS2006%2005%dry leaf >cocaineha > cocaineCocaine productionCocabase price 2003
Bolivia1892202252402552402152001507043606079107809410%8%0.0030see INSCRYungas46.980038,000
Colombia92889111920123030035043568069561758055064064061062%65%Chapare32.1100032,000
Peru (g)49252555041043546043532524017514115016023027026028028%27%0.437579.070,000
Total7748338667698919309508758259258798278008591,0179809840.41%
(a) Potentially harvestable, after eradicationAverage price886
(b) Sources: 1990-2002: CICAD and US Department of State, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report; 2003-2006: National Illicit Crop Monitoring System supported by UNODC.
(c) Sources: 1990-1998: CICAD and US Department of State, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report; 1999-2006: National Illicit Crop Monitoring System supported by UNODC.
(d) Sources: 1990-1999: CICAD and US Department of State, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report; 2000-2006: National Illicit Crop Monitoring System supported by UNODC.
(e) Refers to the potential dry coca leaf production available for cocaine production, i. e. after deducting the amount, which governments report as being used for traditional or other purposes allowed under national law. In the absence of a standard defi
(f) Amounts of cocaine that could be manufactured from locally produced coca leaf (due to imports and exports actual amounts of cocaine manufactured in a country can differ).
(g) Figures from 2003 to 2005 were revised based on updated information available on the amount of coca leaf necessary to produce one kilogramme of cocaine HCl.
&C&F&R&D
Martin Raithelhuber:Revised in 2006 based on 375kg sun-dried coca leaf/kg cocaine HCl from originally 155 mt.
Martin Raithelhuber:Revised in 2006 based on 375kg sun-dried coca leaf/kg cocaine HCl from originally 190 mt.
Martin Raithelhuber:Revised in 2006 based on 375kg sun-dried coca leaf/kg cocaine HCl from originally 180 mt.
Martin Raithelhuber:Calculation with 375kg sun-dried coca leaf / kg cocaine HCl.
Martin Raithelhuber:revised in 2006 based on new leaf yield results, from originally 90 mt.
Graphs Global Coca 90 05
GLOBAL COCA BUSH CULTIVATION (hectares), 1990 to 2006
200320042005
Boliva210240
Colombia350315
Peru212304
1.4339622642
GLOBAL COCAINE PRODUCTION (metric tons), 1990 to 2006
hayield
136460.33136094675600alto huallaga4,522298813,510,993
0.668639053311300alto huallaga/monzon9,124119710,921,725
16900aguatia5061376696,256
apurimac14,299362751,862,473
la convencion12,337145717,975,009
central selva2501433358,250
inambari2,26412902,920,560
san gaban4651290599,850
others450860387,000
44,21799,232,1172.2
218,310,657
50,300109700000
1.13757152231.11
Graphs Global Coca 90 05
4010012130050300
3750012080047900
3710012910045300
3970010880047200
4470010860048100
5090011530048600
672009440048100
794006880045800
101800