metalografia del cobre.docx

Upload: giancarlo-refulio-huerta

Post on 05-Jul-2018

238 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    1/28

    Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas

    INGENIERIA DE MATERIALES

    SECCION: V

    AVANCE Nº 01

    “ESTUDIO METALOGRAFICO DEL COBRE”

      PROFESOR: ING. AGÜERO MAURICIO, ALFREDO ROLANDO

      ALUMNOS :

    MENDOZA YUCRA JUAN CARLOS 20102033J

    PALPAN RICRA, MARVIN 20100358I

    REFULIO HUERTA GIANCARLO 20110058

    FECHA :

    30 !" #$%&' !"( 2015

    INTRODUCCIÓN:

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    2/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    )I%*"+&-/&% !"( /'", "+ $% "*" #' 4$" /'%+&+" &%/&( 6

    7$%!"%("%", "% !"%%'+ $% '/' "% (+ //"9+&/+ 6 ' "%!"(&//&'%"+ 4$" /$(" "( /'" $%!&("%".

     A/"'+ $%'+ /'': &+'&, //"9+&/+ '&+ !"( "(""%',/''%"%"+, '&"!!"+ !"( &+', ( 7' !" '"%/&%, &(&//&'%"+ "%"( '-%&+' $%' 6 *"-"( ; "*""%"< "/...

    E+ ' "+' 4$" '"'+ *&!'+ $%'+ 6 +"'+ ' "(('+ '%!'+'("%", (' "("%" &'%" %'+'+.

    EL COBRE

    Pág. 1

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    3/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    M"( !" /'(' '#' =(&!', "%>, ("(", +%" (%!', /'% *("%/&+ 1, 26, $6 "%", 3 6 ?. E+ "( "( /'% "#' /'%!$/&*&!! "(@/&/ !"+$@+!" ( (, 6 &@% $% $"% /'%!$/' !"( /(' . C'%'/&!' !"+!" ("&+'&, "( /'" "+ $% !" ('+ '/'+ "("+ 4$" $"!" ((+" "% ( '%$("> "% "+!' $' +&% 7' /'$"+'+ '+. S" /'%+&!" "/&'+'"% ( %&-"!!, $%4$" !" "%' *(' 4$" "( '' 6 ( (. S&% "-',/'' /'%+"/$"%/& !" +$ +"%/&((' &"%' "(B-&/', +" /'%+&-$& $%'!$//&% "("*! %"+ !"( /$' &("%&' %"&' ( " /&+&%, 6 !"+!""%'%/"+ +" !"*($ '-"+&*"%" + 4$" ( "("7'%9 6 ( "("/&7&//&%"(%>'% +$ /'%+$' &%/&&'+ !"( +&-('

    COMPUESTOS:

    &!' !" /'" ;I", 4$" +" $&(&> "% ( 7&//&% !" +"!&7&/&( S$(7' !" /'" ;II< ;*&&'(' >$(

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    4/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    PROPIEDADES Y CARACTERISTICAS DEL COBRE

    Pro!"#$#"% &'%!($%

    C$&" !"( P(/&' !" ('+ D"'"+ !" M@&/' D. F. /'%+$&! "% 18 /'%

    /'" "$"+' ( &%""&".E( /'" '+"" *&+ '&"!!"+ 79+&/+ 4$" '&/&% +$ $+' &%!$+&( "%B(&("+ (&//&'%"+, +&"%!' "( "/" "(, !"+$@+ !"( &"' 6 !"( ($&%&',=+ /'%+$&!' "% "( $%!'. E+ !" /'(' '#&>' 6 !" &((' "=(&/' 6, !"+$@+!" ( (, "+ "( "(""%' /'% 6' /'%!$/&*&!! "(@/&/ 6 @&/. E+ $%"&( $%!%" "% ( %$("> &"%" $% "/&' //"+&(" 6 +" "/&/( !"7' &%!"7&%&! 7' ("/&'%"+ "#' (+ "+/&'%"+ "/=%&/+ 6"+ "+&+"%" ( /''+&% 6 '&!/&%.

    L /'%!$/&*&!! "(@/&/ !"( /'" $' 7$" !'! ' ( C'&+&%E("/'@/%&/ I%"%/&'%( "% 113 /'' ( "7""%/& "+=%! "+-%&$!, "+("/&"%!' "( I%"%&'%( A%%"("! C'" S%!! ;E+=%! I%"%/&'%( !"( C'" R"/'/&!'< ' IACS. S"-B% "+ !"7&%&/&%, (/'%!$/&*&!! !"( /'" "/'/&!' "!&! 20 C "+ &-$( 5,80 10K S.?3 A "+" *(' !" /'%!$/&*&!! +" (" +&-% $% 9%!&/" 100 IACS 6 (/'%!$/&*&!! !"( "+' !" ('+ "&("+ +" ""+ "% '/"%#" !" IACS. L6'9 !" ('+ "("+ &"%"% *('"+ !" /'%!$/&*&!! &%7"&'"+ 100 IACS "' "&+"% "/"/&'%"+ /'' ( ( ' ('+ /'"+ "+"/&("+ !" $6( /'%!$/&*&!! !"+&-%!'+ C103 6 C110.

    Pro!"#$#"% )"(*+!($%

    T%' "( /'" /'' +$+ ("/&'%"+ &"%"% $% $"% 4$&%&(&!!, "+ !"/&,+'% 7=/&("+ !" "/%&>. E( /'" '+"" $6 $"% !$/&(&!! 6 ("&(&!!(' 4$" "&" '!$/& (=&%+ " &('+ $6 !"(-!'+ 6 7&%'+. E+ $% "((%!', /'% $% 9%!&/" !" !$"> 3 "% ( "+/( !" M'+ ;50 "% ( "+/( !"V&/"+< 6 +$ "+&+"%/& ( //&% "+ !" 210 MP, /'% $% (9&" "(=+&/' !"33,3 MP.2 A!&" '/"+'+ !" 7&//&% !" !"7'/&% /'' (&%/&% '7'#, 6 '/"+'+ !" +'(!!$ 6 +$+ ("/&'%"+ !4$&""% '&"!!"+

    !&7""%"+ /'% &"%'+ @&/'+ /'' "(" 6 "/'/&!'. E% -"%"(, +$+'&"!!"+ "#'% /'% #+ ""$+ (' 4$" "&" $&(&>(' "%(&//&'%"+ /&'-@%&/+.

    C$r$(,"r'%,!($% -')!($%

    T"/$" !" /'" /'% =&% !" /!"%&((' "% "( 6$%&"%' !"M&%%"'(&+ ;M&%%"+'

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    5/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    E$"+' ( &", "( /'(' '#' +(%, &%&/&( +" '% '#' *&'(" ' (7'/&% !" &!' /$'+' ;C$2O< "%%"-"/"+" '+"&'"%" ' (7'/&% !" &!' /B&/' ;C$O$( !"( C$ 2  +" !"" (7'/&% !"( &'% QC$ ;OH2/(*"%"%'+ !" /"'+ !" /'" !" /'(' *"!'+' ' >$(!' 4$" +" 7'/$%!' ('+ &!'+ !" /'" "//&'%% /'% =/&!' /@&/', 4$" "+ "("+'%+(" !"( +' !"( *&%-" 6 +" '!$/" "% '/"+'+ !" 7""%/&%/@&/. A( "(" $"%+&(&'+ !" /'" ( /'//&% !" (&"%'+, !""%'+" "/$/&'%"+ "*& &%'&//&'%"+ ' /!"%&((' 4$", "+ !"+$ ( +', $"!" +" "%+/!' /'% +(++ 6 /'%!&"%'+ 6 +" &%-"&!'.

    L'+ (-"%'+ /% /'% 7/&(&!! ( /'", "+"/&("%" "% "+"%/& !"$"!!. E% +"/', "( /('' 6 "( '' %' '!$/"% "7"/' 6 "( 7(B' +'(' ("/ ""$+ +$"&'"+ 500 C.?5 E( /('$' /$'+' 6 "( /('$'/B&/', /'&%!'+ /'% "( '9-"%' 6 "% "+"%/& !" $"!! '!$/"%=/&!' /('9!&/', '/+&'%%!' $%+ %/+ !" /& ' /&, !"/'(' *"!" =(&!' >$( *"!'+', +$*"+ 6 '(*'&"%+ 4$" %' +" 7% +'"( +$"7&/&" 6 '!$/"% =+ /('$'+ !" /'", &%&/&%!' !" %$"*' "( /&/(' !" ("'+&%.

    L'+ =/&!'+ '=/&!'+ /% ( /'", ' (' /$( +" $&(&>% "+'+ =/&!'+ /''!"/%"+ ;=/&!' +$(7B&/'< 6 &((%!'"+ ;=/&!' %9&/'$( *"!'+'. E++ +("+ +'% $6 /'$%"+"% ('+ =%'!'+ !" ('+ /$$(!'"+ !" ('' 4$" +" "("% "% ('+$'*&("+.

    E( =/&!' /9&/' !&+$"(*" "( &!' !" /'", ' (' 4$" +" (&/ (&& +$"7&/&"+ !" /'", ($+%!' "( "( 6 7'%!' /&' !" /'". S& !"+$@+

    !" (&& "( /'" /'% =/&!' /9&/', +" *$"(*" $&(&> "( &+' ' (&& +$"7&/&"+ !" ('', "( ('' +" = !" $% / ""% !" /&'!" /'" 6 /&' !" ('' /'% $% /'(' '#&>' 6 %"-'.

    Pro!"#$#"% /!o2!($%

    E% (+ (%+, "( /'" '+"" $% &'%" "( "% "( '/"+' !" (7''+9%"+&+ 6 7' " !" ( /''+&/&% !" ( (+'/&%&%. A("!"!' !"(K0 !"( /'" !" $% (% "+= "+"%" "% ( /(''7&(, &%/&("%" "%('+ /(''(+'+. L'+ &"'+ +9%'+ "% (+ (%+ ' !"7&/&"%/& !" /'"

    "/"% "% 7' !" '#+ "+"/+ 6 "'/&!+, !"=+ !" $%+(%4$"/&%+. L+ %9/$(+ 6 (+ *&%+ $"!"% "/" */9+ ' $%

    Pág. 4

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    6/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    !"7&/&"%/& +"*" !" /'", '/+&'%%!' -*"+ @!&!+ "/'%&/+ "% (/&*&!! -9/'(.

    E( /'" /'%&$6" ( 7'/&% !" -($('+ '#'+ 6 ( %"%&&"%' !" ('+*+'+ +%-$9%"'+, %"*&'+, +&+" &%$%&&' 6 $"+'+ 6 ' %' "+

    "+"%/&( ( *&! $%. E( /'" +" "%/$"% "% (-$%+ "%>&+ /''( /&'/'' / '&!+, ( (&+&( '&!+ 6 ( +$"&!' !&+$+.

    E( !"+"4$&(&&' !" /'" "% "( '-%&+' /$%!' +" '!$/" "% 7'"/"+&* '/+&'% $% "%7""!! "=&/ /'%'/&! /'' "%7""!! !"&(+'%, "( '&-"% !" "+ "%7""!! "+ ""!&&', 6 " !"( +'%'"=&/' 4$" '/+&'% &@% ! ( +&+" %"*&'+'. S" !" $%"%7""!! '/' /'B%.

    P$"!" '!$/&+" !"7&/&"%/& !" /'" "% %&'+ /'% $% !&" '" "% /(/&',

    "+"/&("%" +& "+"%% !&"+ ' !"+%$&/&%. T&@% 6"%7""!!"+ 4$" !&+&%$6"% ( +'/&% !" /'", /'' ( "%7""!!/"(&/, ( 7&'+&+ 4$9+&/ ' ( (("* !&"+ "+&/&*+.

    E( /'" +" "%/$"% "% $% -% /%&!! !" (&"%'+ &$("+ !" ( !&"("+ /'' '++, &+/'+, ("-$"+, *9+/"+ 6 %$"/"+ "%" ''+, !"=+!"( -$ '(" 6 ' (' %' "+ $6 ' 4$" +" '!$>/ $% !"7&/&"%/& !"/'" "% "( '-%&+'.

    ALEACIONES DEL COBRE

     D"+!" "( $%' !" *&+ 79+&/', "( /'" $' '+"" $6 #' (9&" "(=+&/' ;33MP< 6 $% !$"> "+/+ ;3 "% ( "+/( !" M'+ ' 50 "% ( "+/( !"V&/"+

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    7/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    /''%"%"+ "% $% /&+'( ' "!&%" (7$%!&/&% 6 "!$//&% !" "%+ +$(7$'++ "%$% '%' !" "*""' ' !" /$&('". E% ('+('%"+ &%!$+&("+, "( '/"%#" !" Z% +"%&"%" +&"" &%7"&' 50 . S$/''+&/&% &%7($6" "% (+ //"9+&/+"/=%&/+, ( 7$+&&(&!! 6 ( //&!! !"/'%7'/&% ' 7$%!&/&%, 7'# 6"/%&>!'. E% 79', ('+ (&%-'"+ '"%&!'+ +"!"7'% (=+&/"%" '!$/&"%!' (=&%+,*&((+ ' +" /'% "% &+ +$+/"&("+ !""+&+" 7&/ ("+. S$ !"%+&!!!""%!" !" +$ /''+&/&% 6 -"%"("%"'%! "%" 8,? -/ 6 8,K -/.

    L+ //"9+&/+ !" ('+ ('%"+ !""%!"% !" ( ''/&% !" "(""%'+ 4$"&%"*"%-% "% ( ("/&% !" ( 7' 4$" (-$%'+ &'+ !" (% +'%("("+ B%&/"%" "% 79', ''+ "/($+&*"%" "% /(&"%", 6 (-$%'+ %'(' +'% %&%-$% ""$. T'!'+ ('+ &'+ !" ('%"+ +" *$"(*"%4$"!&>'+ /$%!' +" /(&"%% $% ""$ & ( $%' !" 7$+&%.

    E( (% "+ =+ !$' 4$" "( /'", "' 7=/&( !" "/%&>, - 6 7$%!&. E+

    "+&+"%" ( '&!/&%, (+ /'%!&/&'%"+ +(&%+ 6 "+ ("(", ' (' 4$"$"!" (&%+" "% (%/+ 7&%+. S$ ("&(&!! *9 ( ""$ 6 /'%( "+"%/&, &%/($+' "% /%&!!"+ 9%&+, !" ''+ "("+ "% +$/''+&/&%.

    U% "4$"' '" !" ('' "% ( /''+&/&% !"( (% "#' (4$&%&(&!! '4$" 7/&(& ( 7-"%/&% !" (+ *&$+ "% "("/%&>!'. E( ('' &@% &"%" $% "7"/' ($&/%" ' +$ #' $%' !"7$+&%, (' 4$" "&" ("%&> "( !"+-+" !" ( "&"% !" /'".

    E( (% !&" '/'+ &"%'+ @&/'+ 6 B%&/"%" +" "(&>% "/'/&!'+!" ''-"%"&>/&% 6 "/&+(&>/&%. E( (% &"%" $% /'(' &((' &((%",/'% "/&!' ( '', //"9+&/ 4$" "+ '*"/! "% #'6"9,"+"/&("%" "% &+$"9, 6 "% "( -(*%&>!' !" "(""%'+ !"/'&*'+. L+(&//&'%"+ !" ('+ ('%"+ /% ''+ /'+ $6 !&*"+'+, /''"%', /(!""9, +'(!!$, 7&//&% !" ("+, $'+ !"/'%!"%+!'"+ 6 "&%("+ "(@/&/'+. C'' %' "+ /!' ' "( -$+(!, +" $+ &@% "% (+ /'%+$//&'%"+ !" /'+ 6 "% "4$&'+"+4$"'+ 6 &%'+.

    Pág. 6

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    8/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    E( (% %' '!$/" /&++ ' &/' "/=%&/', $% '&"!! 9&/ "%(+ ("/&'%"+. E+ //"9+&/ /'%*&"" ( (% "% $% "&( &'%""% ( 7&//&% !" "%*+"+ ( %&$(/&% !" /'$"+'+ &%7(("+,

    /"&(('+ !" (&&"> !" "("+ 6 "% 6'+.Bro+(" 3C4S+6

    L+ ("/&'%"+ "% /$6 /''+&/&% "!'&%% "( /'" 6 "( "+' ;S%< +"/'%'/"% /'% "( %'" !" '%/" 6 +'% /'%'/&!+ !"+!" ( %&-"!!. H6$/'+ &'+ !" '%/"+ 4$" /'%&"%"% !"=+ ''+ "(""%'+ /''($&%&', "&(&', /'' ' +&(&/&'. E( '/"%#" !" "+' "% "++ ("/&'%"+"+= /'"%!&!' "%" "( 2 6 "( 22 . S'% !" /'(' &(("%' 6 (+ &">+7$%!&!+ !" '%/" +'% !" "#' /(&!! 4$" (+ !" (%, "' +'% =+

    !&79/&("+ !" "/%&> 6 =+ /+.L "/%'('-9 "(B-&/ !" ( 7&//&% !" '%/" "+ $%' !" ('+ &'+ =+&'%"+ !" ( &+'& !" ( $%&!! $"+ !&' '&-"% ( ((! E!!!" '%/". E( '%/" 7$" ( &" ("/&% 7&/! *'($%&"%" ' "(+" $%': +" "(&> ">/(%!' "( &%"( !" /'" ;/(/'&&, (4$&,"/.< 6 "( !" "+' ;/+&"&< "% $% '%' (&"%!' /'% /% *"-"(. E("+$(%" !" ( /'$+&% !"( /%, 4$" +" '&! 7'%!' %9!&!'/%&/', '!$/9 ( "!$//&% ('+ &%"("+ !" /'" 6 "+' "("+. E(/'" 6 "( "+' 4$" +" 7$%!9%, +" ("% "%" $% 5 6 $% 10 "% "+' !"

    "+'.

    E( '%/" +" "(" "+"/&("%""% ("/&'%"+ /'%!$/'+ !"( /(',"% "9+ "(@/&/+ 6 "% (7&//&% !" *=(*$(+, $"9+ 6$%&'%"+ !" 7'%%"9. A(-$%+("/&'%"+ !" '%/" +" $+% "%$%&'%"+ !"+(&>%"+, /'' /'#&%""+6 !"+/%+'+, !&+/'+ !" 7&//&% 6

    Pág. 7

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    9/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    '+ (&//&'%"+ !'%!" +" "4$&"" ( "+&+"%/& ( /''+&% /'''!""+ !" $&%+ ' *=(*$(+ !" '+,

    "%" ''+ "(""%'+ !" =4$&%+. E% (-$%+ (&//&'%"+ "(@/&/+ "+$&(&>!' "% "+'"+ . 

    A$($ 3C4N!45+6 

    L+ (/+ ' (+ ("%+ +'% ("/&'%"+ !" /'", %94$"( ;N&< 6 >&%/ ;Z%

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    10/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    . E+" "&( &"%" -% "+&+"%/& ('+ -"%"+ /''+&*'+ 6 (+ (+""$+.

    O' &' !" (/ "+ "( ((!' (&%'&!", ("/&% !" /'(' (%/'/'$"+ !" 0 !" /'",1? !" %94$"(, 2? !" /&%/ 6 !" 12 !"

    '(7&'.

    PROCESOS INDUSTRIALES DEL COBRE

    M!+"r'$ #" (o/r"

    E( /'" %&*' +$"(" /' +$+ &%"("+ "% '(++ 4$" 7('% (+$"7&/&" "('=%!'+" "% &%+ /&"(' &"'. E( /'" +" '&"%" & !"&%"("+ +$(7$!'+ ;80 < 6 !" &%"("+ '&!!'+ ;20

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    11/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    M",$r2!$ #" (o/r"

    L "($-& !"( /'" !""%!" !" 4$" "(&%"( +" "+"%" "% 7' !" +$(7$'+ '!" &!'+ ;/$'+' $ /B&/' $6 '/' '4$" ( /+& '(&!! !" /'%/"%!'+ !"/'" +" "%/$"% 7'%!' +$(7$'+, +&"%!' ( '!$//&% $%!&( "+&!

    !" "/$"/&% !" "+&!$'+ "% '%' ( 15 !" ( '(&!! !" /'"'!$/&!'.

    Pág. 10

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    12/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    TRATAMIENTOS TERMICOS EN EL COBRE Y SUS ALEACIONES

     A(-$%+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'" $"!"% "%!$"/"+" ' "!&' !" $% &"%'

    @&/' +'($/&% 6 '+"&' "/&&/&% ;"%*"#"/&&"%'< 6 ($"-' $"!"%

    +'""+" $% '"/&% !" !&+&%$/&% !" "+7$">'+ ' "/'/&!'. L+

    ("/&'%"+ &'%"+ !" /'" 4$" $"!"% "%!$"/"+" ' "%*"#"/&&"%',' "/&&/&% +'% "( /'""&(&', "( '%/" ( ($&%&', ( /'"%94$"(

    7'+7'', "( /'" ( /'' , "( /'" ( >&/'%&', "/

    L'+ '/"+'+ !" &"%' @&/' +" (&/% ( /'" 6 +$+ ("/&'%"+

    !$%" "( '/"+' !" 7&//&%, "+'+ &%/($6"%:

    • ''-"%"&>/&%,• "/'/&!',• (&*&' !" "%+&'%"+,• &"%' !" !&+'($/&%• "%!$"/&&"%' ' "%*"#"/&&"%', "(" 6 "*"%&!'.

    HOMOGENEI5ACIÓN:

    E+ $% '/"+' "% ( /$( ('+ "("+ +'% +'"&!'+, !$%" &"'

    '('%-!', (+ ""$+ /'% "( 7&% !" "!$/& ( +"-"-/&% 6 &/'

    +"-"-/&% 4$" '/$" /'' "+$(!' %$( !" ( +'(&!&7&//&% !" (-$%+

    ("/&'%"+. S" (&/ (+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'" /'% "( 7&% !" "#' (

    !$/&(&!! "% 7&' 6 "% /(&"%" !" ('+ "/'+ "( '/"+' !" (&%/&% 6

    '/+&'%("%" +" $+ "% (+ &">+ */&!+ ('- "4$"&&"%'+

    "+"/97&/'+ !" !$">, !$/&(&!! 6 "%/&!!.

    L ''-"%"&>/&% "+ "4$"&! "+"%/&("%" "% (+ ("/&'%"+ 4$" &"%"%

    %-'+ (&'+ !" +'(&!&7&//&% ("+ /'' ('+ '%/"+ 7'+7'!'+, ('+

    /$'%94$"("+ 6 ('+ '%/"+ ( +&(&/&'.

    Pág. 11

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    13/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    RECOCIDO:

    E( '#"&*' &%/&( !" "+" &"%' "+ (%! "( "( +$ '+"&' 

    !"7'/&% "% 7&' /'% "+" +" '&"%" ( /'&%/&% & !" !$/&(&!!,

    "+&+"%/& 6 "$ +$"7&/&(. C'' "+ +&!', "( '/"+' &%/($6"/("%&"%', +'+"%&&"%' 6 "%7&&"%' $% !"+/&/&% '&! !"(

    '/"+' !"" &%/($& ( *"('/&!! !" /("%&"%', ( ""$, "( &"' !"

    +'+"%&&"%', ( '+7" !"/$! 6 ( *"('/&!! !" "%7&&"%'.

    P "( /'" 6 (+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'", "( ' !" -%' "+ "( "%+6'

    "+=%! $&(&>!' "% 4$"(('+ "&("+ "/'/&!'+ 4$" % +&!' !"7'!'+

    "% 7&' "*&"%".

    E+ %"/"+&' "%" "% /$"% ('+ 7/'"+ 4$" 7"/% "( '/"+',

    "+"/&("%" ( /%&!! !" !"7'/&% "% 7&', "( ' !" -%' &%&/&(, (

    ""$ 6 "( &"'. E% "( &"%' "% +9, ( ""$ 6 "( &"' +'%

    ('+ !""&%%"+ !" (+ '&"!!"+.

    VARIACIÓN DE LAS PROPIEDADES MEC7NICAS DEL LATÓN

    MONOF7SICO EN FUNCIÓN DE LA TEMPERATURA DE RECOCIDO

    Pág. 12

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    14/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    DOBLE RECOCIDO EN LATONES ALFA.

    D'(" "/'/&!' +" $"!" '+"* "% ('+ -%'+ !" /$%!' ( ("/&% +"

    #!' "% 7&', +"-$&!' !" "/'/&!'.

    E( #' "% 7&' &%'!$/" ( "%+&% !"%' !" ( "+$/$ + "( "/'/&!', "(

    "/&+(&>/&% +" '!$/" %!+ !" (9%"+ !'("+ ' !'("+ (9%"+ !"&!' (

    !"+(&>&"%'.

    D'(" &%"7> "+ ("( ( [111\ (%'+ 4$" ( S"/$"%/& !" &(&"%'

    !"]ACAC] "% '' (!' !" ( 7'%" !'(" ;"+"#' !" "7("&%< !%!' (

    +"/$"%/& ACAACA] *@+ !" ( 7'%".

    Pág. 13

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    15/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    ALIVIO DE TENSIONES:

    L+ "%+&'%"+ "+&!$("+ "% (+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'" #!+ "% 7&' " (&*&%

    ' "(&&%%, +&% *& "/&(""%" +$+ '&"!!"+, "!&%" &"%'+

    # ""$, "+ !"/&, ' !"#' !" ( "/&+(&>/&%. E+" &"%'

    +" $+ &@% /'' "*"%/&% /'% ( /''+&% #' "%+&% ;CT, '

    +"++/''+&%//&%-< "% (+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'", &/$("%" "% ('+

    ('%"+ /'% 20 Z% ' =+.

    P=/&/"%" "( /&/(' &!"( (&*&' !" "%+&'%"+ 4$" ""%- (+'&"!!"+ "/=%&/+ "+ "( 4$" +" /" ( ""$ =+ ( '+&(" /'%

    "( &"' =+ /'', ' ( ""$ =+ # /'% "( &"' =+ (-'.

    L+ '&"!!"+ "/=%&/+ !" ( 6'9 !" (+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'" +" ('-%

    ' !"7'/&% "% 7&'. E( "+!' !" !"7'/&% ' ( /'%!&/&% !" 7&//&%

    !" (+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'" /'%'/&!' /'' T"" D"+&-%&'%+ "+= !"+/&'

    "% ( %' ASTM 01. P"' 6 (-$%+ ("/&'%"+ 4$" +" $"!"%

    "%!$"/" ' &"%'+ @&/'+ 4$" +'% !" !'+ &'+:

    < A4$"(('+ "% 4$" ( ("/&% +" '&"%" "% /'%!&/&% (%! /$%!' +"

    "%79 !"+!" ( ""$, +'($/&%, 6 ($"-' +" "%!$"/" ' 

    /("%&"%' ""$ '!"! ;"/&&/&%

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    16/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    < A4$"((+ "% 4$" +" "%!$"/" "(%!' !"+!" ( ""$

    "!&%" "//&'%"+ +&*+ ' "%+9&/+. L+ ("/&'%"+ 4$" +"

    "%!$"/"% ' "(" +'% ('+ '%/"+ ( ($&%&', ('+ '%/"+ (($&%&'%94$"( 6 (-$%+ ("/&'%"+ /'">&%/. D"+$@+ !"( "(" +"

    "*&"%"% "#' ( "%/&!! 6 ( !$/&&(&!! 6 "!$/& ( !$">

    /'' "% ('+ /"'+.

    ALEACIONES DE TEMPLE Y REVENIDO.

    S'% &%/&("%" ('+ '%/"+ ( ($&%&', ( ($&%&'%94$"( 6

    '/+&'%("%" (-$%'+ '%/"+ ( %-%"+'. L+ ("/&'%"+ 4$" "+'%!"%

    !" $% %" =/&/ ( "(" ' $% "//&% +&*"%+&&/ +'% ('+

    '%/"+ ( ($&%&' /'% 11.5A( 6 ('+ '%/"+ ( %94$"( ($&%&' /'% 8.5

    11.5A(. L+ ("/&'%"+ /'% /'%"%&!'+ 6'"+ !" ($&%&' +'% $6

    '"%++ (+ -&"+ 6 (+ 4$" &"%"% '/' %' &"%"% +$7&/&"%" 7+" " !"

    ( ""$ "+'%!" ( "(".

    INFLUENCIA DEL CONTENIDO EN ALUMINIO DEL BRONCE DE ALUMINIOSOBRE LAS TEMPERATURAS DE TRANSFORMACIÓN MARTENS8TICA

    Pág. 15

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    17/28

    El aumento de la

    temperatura de revenido

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    R"9"+!#o #" β‘ )$r,"+%!,$

    B"+$% ro!"#$#"% "#"+ %"r $($+$#o% or r"9"+!#o #" )$r,"+%!,$ ;<

    "+ =>04?00 ºCM!%)o &$%" @ 3$&$6 r"(!!,$ $ o $r2o #" $+o% (r!%,$o2r*&!(o%roor(!o+$r /"+$ r"%!%,"+(!$ #(,!!#$#.

    3$6 E)$$#o 1 or$ "+&r!$)!"+,o #" 00 ºC

    3/6 T")$#o 1 or$ $ =00 ºC

    3(6 T")$#o 1 or$ $ >00 ºC

    DESIGNACIN DEL ESTADO DE ALEACIONES DE CORE

    L %' ASTM 01 !"+/&" "( +&+" "% "( /$( +" (&/ $% /!&-'(7%$@&/' /! "+!' "+=%! !"( "&. V" "( /$!' +&-$&"%":

    Pág. 16

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    18/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    7PLICACIONES DEL COBRE

    COBRES DEBILMENTE ALEADOS

    L'+ /'"+ !@&("%" ("!'+ +'% 4$"(('+ 4$" '+""% #' /'%"%&!' !"

    "(""%'+ !" !&/&% ;"%'+ !"( 1< 6 +" $&(&>% /$%!' (-$% !" (+

    '&"!!"+ !" ('+ /'"+ '&"%" !&/'+ "+ &%+$7&/&"%".

    C'' ' "#"(', /$%!' +" "4$&"" "#':

     ^ R"+&+"%/& "/=%&/ ""$+ "(&*"%" "("*!+

    ^ R"+&+"%/& ( /''+&%

    ^ S'(!&(&!!

    ^ R"+&+"%/& ( "(%!"/&&"%'

    ^ M4$&%&(&!!

    L+ /''+&/&'%"+ !" /'"+ !@&("%" ("!'+ +'%:

    < C'" !"+'&!!' /'% 7+7'', /'% +@%&/'.

    Pág. 17

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    19/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    < C'" "%> /'% (.

    /< C'" ""%' !" '9-"%' /'% (.

    !< C'" /'% >$7".

    "< C'" /'% "($&'.

    C/"9+&/+ !" $&(&>/&% 6 "#"('+ !" (&//&'%"+ !" /! $% !" "++

    /''+&/&'%"+.

     A(-$%'+ "#"('+ !" (&//&'%"+ !" "++ ("/&'%"+ +'%:

    V"'+ (-$%+ !" "++ (&//&'%"+ "% 7' -=7&/.

     A4$9 +" $"+% '+ (&//&'%"+ !" "+" &' !" /'".

    Pág. 18

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    20/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

     ALEACIONES CON ALTO CONTENIDO DE CORE

    E++ ("/&'%"+ +" $&(&>% /$%!' %' "+ &%!&+"%+(" $% /'%!$/&*&!!

    "(@/&/ $6 "("*! "' +" "4$&"" !" $% "&( /'% '+ '&"!!"+/'' (+ +&-$&"%"+:

    ^ R"+&+"%/& ( //&%

    ^ D$"> ^ R"+&+"%/& ( /''+&%

     ^ R"+&+"%/& ( '&!/&%

    Pág. 19

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    21/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    V"'+ (-$%+ (&//&'%"+ !" (+ ("/&'%"+ /'% (' /'%"%&!' !" /'".

    < C'"C!&' 6 C'"C!&'E+'.• L9%"+ "("7%&/+• C'%!$/'"+ !" (9%"+ !" 7"'/&("+ "(@/&/'+.

    L ("/&% /'"/!&' ''/&'% ( /'%!$//&% "(@/&/, "+&+"%/& (

    +&% %"/"+& "( %+'" !" ( *"('/&!!.

    < C'"C''.

    ^ M'%"!+

    L '%"! !" 500 "+'+ "/&@% (%>! ' ( C+ !" M'%"!, &"%" $%

    /"%' !" '%/" ;2 !" /'"< 6 -'(( !" (/ ;K0 !" C$, 15 N& 6

    15 Z%

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    22/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    !< C'"N94$"(S&(&/&'.• P&">+ //&% "(@/&/.• P&">+ *&+ !" /'%/'+ "(@/&/'+

    "< C'"S&(&/&' M%-%"+'.• D&*"++ /#+ 6 //"+'&'+ ( &%!$+& "(@/&/.•  A9/$('+ 4$" !""% "%"/" "% /'%/' /'% -$ !" , -$+

    =/&!+ ' +7"+ /''+&*+

    D"+/'+ /'' (&//&'%"+ !" "+" -$':

    ^ L+ (9%"+ "("7%&/+^ L+ &">+ +'(!!$+ ' "+&+"%/&^ H"&"%+ %&/&+^ P&">+ //&% "(@/&/^ A9/$('+ 4$" !""% "%"/" "% /'%/' /'% -$ !"  

    LOS LATONES

    L'+ ('%"+ +'% ("/&'%"+ +" !" /'" 6 >&%/. C'%&"%"% !" 5 ? !"

    "+" B(&' "( 6 "*"%$("%", *&'+ ''+ "(""%'+ "% "4$"+

    ''/&'%"+.

    E( /'(' -!(" !" ('+ ('%"+, 4$" *9 !"( '+ ( &((' /'%"%&!'+

    /"/&"%"+ !" >&%/, +$ $"% "+&+"%/& ( /''+&% 6 +$ &$!

    &"%'+ +$"7&/&("+ ;%&/"+ %+"%"+, =&%+, "/$&&"%'+

    Pág. 21

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    23/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    !&*"+'+

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    24/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    4$&%!' &'%", ' (' 4$" +" $+/ "#' ( 4$&%&(&!! !" ('+

    ('%"+ -"-%!' "!$/&!'+ '/"%#"+ !" ('' ;1 3+ '+/!+ "("/'"/%&• E%-%#"+• C'%"&'%"+ /'+ 6 "+• P&">+ /&/$&'+ "(@/&/'+ &%+$"%'+ !" "/&+&%• R"('#"9•  V=(*$(+ &/&/("+•

    T'%'+ $'=&/'+ !" -% *"('/&!!

    LATONES ESPECIALES

    L'+ L'%"+ E+"/&("+ +" '&"%"% !&"%!' $%' ' =+ "(""%'+ ('+

    ('%"+ +&("+ /'% "( 7&% !" "#' (+ //"9+&/+ !" "+'+.

    L'+ "(""%'+ $&(&>!'+ &%!$+&("%", !"=+ !"( ('', +'% "( "+',

    ($&%&', %-%"+', &"',%94$"(, +&(&/&' 6, "% "4$"+ ''/&'%"+,

    +@%&/'.

    E+'+ "(""%'+ +" -"-% "#' (+ '&"!!"+ "/=%&/+ 6

    $"% ( "+&+"%/& /&"+ 7'+ !" /''+&%.

    E%" ('+ L'%"+ E+"/&("+ "&+" $% -% *&"!!, "' ('+ =+

    &'%"+ +'% ('+ +&-$&"%"+:

    • L% /'% A($&%&'• L% A(&%>-'• L% N*(

    Pág. 23

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    25/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    • L'%"+ !" A( R"+&+"%/&

    L H@(&/" %*( !" (% !" ( "+&+"%/& ,"+ $% (&//&% !" L%

    E+"/&(.

    P' +$+ //"9+&/+, ('+ L'%"+ E+"/&("+ +'% $&(&>!'+ "% ( 7&//&%

    !":

    • T$'+ !" C'%!"%+!'"+• T$'+ !" E*'!'"+ 6 !" C&!'"+ !" C(' • _$&%/(("9 %*(• E%-%#"+• T$"9+ &" /'&&!' " &!=$(&/•

    P"7&("+ 4$&"/%&/'+

    O' &'%" 6 /'%'/&!' -$' !" ("/&'%"+ !"( /'" "+ "( !" ('+ '%/"+.

    C'%'>/'+ +$+ //"9+&/+ 6 (&//&'%"+ &%/&("+.

    LOS BRONCES

    L'+ $@%&/'+ '%/"+ +'% ("/&'%"+ !" /'" 6 !" "+', /'% /'%"%&!'+4$" *9% !"( 2 ( 20 !" "+' ;S%&%/, %94$"(, (''.

     A( "7"&%'+ "+ ("/&% (' &%*&'+ "*&+ (' "+$!&!' "% +$+ /(+"+

    !" H&+'& /"/ !" ('+ /'&"%>'+ !" ( "($-&.

    P' +&-('+ "( '" +(' /'%'/& "( /'" 6 "( '', ('+ 4$" "(" "% +$

    "+!' %&*' 6 ('+ /'' ( &"!, "+ !"/&, ('+ &(( !" /$"!'

    /'% ( @/%&/ /'&"%".

    P+ (-' &"' %"+ !" 4$" "%!&" 7$%!& ('+ "("+, /" 

    ("/&'%"+ 6 !("+ 7'.

    C'% ( &/&% !"( '%/" ( "($-& !4$&"" -% &'%/&: #'

    %+7'/&'%"+ +'/&("+ 6 -"%" /(+"+ +'/&("+ /'' (+ !" ('+ -$""'+ 6('+ %'("+. L %+7'/&% !" (+ +, !" ( &"! ( '%/" 6

    Pág. 24

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    26/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”

    '+"&'"%", !"( '%/" ( &"', '!&7&/ (+ "(/&'%"+ "%" ('+ $"('+ 6

    7*'"/& (+ -%!"+ &%*+&'%"+. C'' /'%+"/$"%/& !" "+', !"+"/& "(

    &+(&"%' &&&*' 6 +" 7'"% "( /'"/&'.

    P"' %' %'+ 4$"!"'+ /'% "( '%/" "% +$ /'%"' &%&/&(. L'+ %"/"!"%"+&+&/'+ +'% $6 *(&'+'+, "' %$"+' &%"@+ "+ 4$" (' /'%'>/ "% +$+

    "'!&%&+ '+&&(&!!"+ /$("+.

    C'% "+"/' (+ (&//&'%"+ !" ('+ '%/"+, "+ B&( "%/&'% (+

    +&-$&"%"+:

    •  A("+ "(+ "/=%&/+• T$'+ 7("&("+ 6 $'+ '%!$(!'+• C!"%+• C%+•  A(&//&'%"+ %*("+

    P "/'! /'% =+ /(&!!, '+"*" ('+

    +&-$&"%"+

    "#"('+.

    /

    RESUMEN

    Pág. 25

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    27/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

     “Estudio metalográfco del cobre” Pág. 26

  • 8/15/2019 metalografia del cobre.docx

    28/28

    Universidad Nacional de IngenieríaFacultad de Ingeniería Industrial y deSistemas

    BIBLIOGRAFIA

    :"*&+!""($-&."*&++./+&/."+&%!"."*&+!""($-&&/("*&"F&("?55K

    • :"(""%'+.'-."+/'"• :"+.&&"!&.'-&&C'"`• +:.+/&!./'!'/22?83K?KMETALOGRAFIADEL

     ALUMINIO

    http://revistademetalurgia.revistas.csic.es/index.php/revistademetalurgia/article/viewFile/945/957http://revistademetalurgia.revistas.csic.es/index.php/revistademetalurgia/article/viewFile/945/957http://elementos.org.es/cobrehttps://www.scribd.com/doc/224893747/METALOGRAFIA-DEL-ALUMINIO-pptxhttps://www.scribd.com/doc/224893747/METALOGRAFIA-DEL-ALUMINIO-pptxhttp://elementos.org.es/cobrehttps://www.scribd.com/doc/224893747/METALOGRAFIA-DEL-ALUMINIO-pptxhttps://www.scribd.com/doc/224893747/METALOGRAFIA-DEL-ALUMINIO-pptxhttp://revistademetalurgia.revistas.csic.es/index.php/revistademetalurgia/article/viewFile/945/957http://revistademetalurgia.revistas.csic.es/index.php/revistademetalurgia/article/viewFile/945/957