introdução à biologia 1º ano

E. E. DR. ADIRON GONÇALVES BOAVENTURATURMA: 1º ANO

INTRODUÇÃO À BIOLOGIAPROFESSOR(A): LUCIANA

FEVEREIRO, 2013

INTRODUÇÃO À BIOLOGIA

• BIOLOGIA – bios = vida; logos = estudo.

• Ciência que estuda os seres vivos sob todos os aspectos.

• Histórico da biologia

Aristóteles Robert Hooke Lineu Darwin Mendel

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- Subdivisões da biologia

- Morfologia

- Embriologia

- Taxonomia

Citologia – célulaHistologia – tecidoAnatomia – estruturas do organismo

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- Fisiologia

- Genética

- Evolução

- Paleontologia

- Ecologia

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CARACTERÍSTICAS DOS SERES VIVOS

- COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA

Compostos inorgânicos –

Compostos orgânicos -

Água Minerais

Carboidratos Lipídios Proteínas Ácidos nucléicos Vitaminas

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- ESTRUTURA CELULAR

Todos os seres vivos são constituídos por unidades básicas chamadas células.

Membrana

Citoplasma

Núcleo

OBS. Os vírus não são formados por células – são acelulares

- REPRODUÇÃO

- Capacidade de gerar descendentes da própria espécie.

- Reprodução assexuada Bipartição

- Reprodução sexuada - fusão de gametas

- REAÇÃO A ESTÍMULOSRespostas (reações) a estímulos ambientais

- CRESCIMENTOAumento de tamanho pelo aumento do volume celular e do número de células

- METABOLISMO – reações químicas que mantêm o funcionamento do organismo.

- anabolismo

+

-catabolismo

+

metabolismo catabolismoanabolismo

- EVOLUÇÃO

Evolução é o processo através no qual ocorrem as mudanças ou transformações nos seres vivos ao longo do tempo, dando origem a espécies novas.

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• ADAPTAÇÃO Capacidade dos seres vivos sofrerem modificações

em sua estrutura que permitem sua sobrevivência no meio.

As adaptações podem ser hereditárias (e ocorrem aleatoriamente, sendo selecionadas pelo meio) ou adquiridas (não são hereditárias)

NUTRIÇÃO

DESENVOLVIMENTO

introdução à biologia 1º ano

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