importância da eficiência energética e o enquadramento das ... · jan feb mar apr may jun jul...

IV Missão Empresarial Alemã de Energia a Cabo Verde04-08 de Junho, 2018

Hotel Oásis Belorizonte, no Sal

Importância da Eficiência Energética e o Enquadramento das

Energias Renováveis para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Turismo e da Indústria em Cabo

VerdeELECTRA

INDEX

1.- Cape Verde presentation2.- Company Presentation

• Company history• Activity Areas• Conventional and renewable production management• Relevant numbers• Current grid

3.- Renewables in Cape Verde• Installed Capacity• 2015 Energy Mix• Load Forecast• The Goal renewable Energy

4.- Energy efficiency and Renewable Energy Framework5.- Sal Island Current Status and Issues

• Current Status – Sal Island• Renewable Energy Management Strategy Medium Penetration (20 – 40%)• Renewable Energy Increase Strategy• Renewable Energy Management Strategy Medium Penetration up to 50%

Eficiência Energética e o Enquadramento das Energias Renováveis

CAPE VERDEPRESENTATION

• Cape Verde is composed by 9 inhabited islands

• ELECTRA operates 9 independent and isolated electric systems

• Boa Vista Island is managed through a sub-concession to the company AEB

• In Sal Island, besides ELECTRA, there is APP, an independent producer.

• Electricity production managed by ELECTRA is based on:– 3 Diesel Power Plants (LFO e HFO)

– 6 Diesel Power Plants (GO)

– 5 Wind Farms

– 2 Solar Power Plants

• Water production by ELECTRA is based on:– 3 Desalination Plants (RO) in São Vicente and Sal

islands and in Praia

COMPANY PRESENTATION

COMPANY HISTORYMAIN MILESTONES

Launch

• ELECTRA was launched in

April 17th 1982

PrivatizationCorporate

Restructuring3 Companies

separation

• Sale of 51% of the share

capital. Private management

on January 18th 2000.

1982 2000 2006 2013

• EDP/AdP transferred all its

shares to the State of Cape

Verde, which started to hold

full control of the company

with 85% stake, and the

remaining 15% kept being

held by the municipalities of

Cape Verde - August 31st

2006,

• Entry into operation of 3

companies from July 1st,

2013:

ELECTRA SARL

ELECTRA Sul

ELECTRA Norte

• ELECTRA SARL owns all

assets

• ELECTRA Sul (Maio,

Santiago, Fogo e Brava)

and ELECTRA Norte (Sto.

Antão, S. Vicente, S.

Nicolau e Sal) are

operating companies.

COMPANY PRESENTATIONACTIVITY AREAS

ELECTRA ACTIVITY AREAS:

• Electricity transmission and distribution across the country, on an exclusive basis (except Boa Vista island)

• Water transport and distribution on S. Vicente, Sal and Praia, on an exclusive basis

• Electricity Production nationwide (except Boa Vista island)

• Desalinated water production on S. Vicente, Sal and Praia

• Wastewater collection and treatment for reuse in Praia, on an exclusive basis

COMPANY PRESENTATIONCONVENTIONAL AND RENEWABLE PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

In recent years, Cape Verde has invested in renewable energy making use of its endogenous resources, mainly wind and solar

resources.

Presently ELECTRA manages 30,3 MW of

renewable capacity (independent power producers and

state owned renewable power plants represents 16,8% of the total

installed capacity of 180 MW )

83,2%

13,1%3,8%

Installed Capacity

Thermal (MW) Wind (MW) Solar (MW)

COMPANY PRESENTATIONRELEVANT NUMBERS…

At the end of 2017 ELECTRA had about 192 186 clients (163 551 electricity and 28 635 water) and employs 795 workers

Clients/workerNº Clients

0

50 000

100 000

150 000

200 000

250 000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Electricity

Water

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Workers

Clients/Work


Energy and Water is strongly dependent on fuel and diesel power plants.

High cost of energy (fuel and electricity) leads to high cost of electricity and water production .

Energy Cost per m3 of Water Production

Fuel Cost per kWh Fuel and Diesel Consumption (10³ Ton)

0,07

0,10

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12

Fuel Cost (Euro/kWh) 2016

2017

0,98

0,95

0,94

0,95

0,95

0,96

0,96

0,97

0,97

0,98

0,98

Energy Cost (Euro/m3)2016 2017

47,4

11,4 11,5

52,3

12,1 10,9

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

FO180 FO380 GO 2016

2017


Electricity and Water is strongly dependent on fuel and diesel power plants. Fuel represented in 2017 54 % of electricity production cost .

Electricity represented 59 % of water production costLow cost of energy (fuel and electricity) leads to low cost of electricity and water

production .

Energy Cost per m3 of Water Production

Fuel Cost per kWh Fuel and Diesel Consumption (10³ Ton)

0,07

0,10

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12


2017

0,98

0,95

0,94

0,95

0,95

0,96

0,96

0,97

0,97

0,98

0,98

Energy Cost (Euro/m3)2016 2017

47,4

11,4 11,5

52,3

12,1 10,9

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

FO180 FO380 GO 2016

2017


High cost of electricity and water production leads to the need of more renewable power in Cape Verde

0,16

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12

0,14

0,16

0,18

Electricity cost of Prodution (Euro/kWh)

1,22

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

Water cost of Prodution (Euro/m3)


Lower cost of fuel has an impact on economic and financial viability of projects aiming to increase the renewable penetration rate to medium/high levels in Cape Verde.

0,07

0,10

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12


2017

ENERGY DISTRIBUCTIONCURRENT GRID

IslandHV

OverheadMV

OverheadMV

UndergroundLV

OverheadLV

Underground

Santiago 70 135 145 352 39

S. Vicente - 16 117 214 17

Sal - 0 135 36 32

Other islands - 125 172 574 24

Total (km) 70 276 569 1176 112

RENEWABLES IN CAPE VERDE

ENERGY PRODUCTIONINSTALLED CAPACITY

Presently ELECTRA manages 30,3 MW of renewable capacity (independent power producers and state owned) in Santiago, São Vicente, Sal and Santo Antão.

Installed Capacity Santiago São Vicente Sal Santo Antão S.Nicolau Fogo Brava Maio TOTAL

Thermal (MW) 88,47 23,42 14,90 7,77 3,40 7,84 1,70 1,98 149,48

Wind (MW) 9,30 6,50 7,20 0,50 23,50

Solar (MW) 4,28 2,50 6,78

TOTAL (MW) 102,05 29,92 24,60 8,27 3,40 7,84 1,70 1,98 179,76

RE/TE Ratio 15,3% 27,8% 48,3% 6,4% 20,3%

1,00

10,00

100,00

1000,00

Santiago São Vicente Sal Santo Antão S.Nicolau Fogo Brava Maio

Solar(MW)

Wind(MW)

Thermal(MW)

0

200

400

600

800

1 000

1 200

1 400

1 600

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

MW

h

Produção Diesel

Produção Eolica

Santo Antão 2017

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000

8 000


MW

h Produção Diesel

Produção Eolica (ELECTRA)

Produção Eolica (Cabeolica)

São Vicente 2017

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000


Produção Diesel

Produção Solar

Produção Eolica(Cabeolica)

Sal 2017

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000


Produção Diesel

Produção Solar

Produção Eolica(Cabeolica)

Santiago 2017

ENERGY PRODUCTION2017 ENERGY MIX

In 2017 Santiago, São Vicente and Sal islands registered relevant renewable energypenetration levels…

14,7%

24,9%

30,9%

5,0%

ENERGY PRODUCTION2017 ENERGY MIX

82,4%

1,5%

16,1%

Energy Mix 2017

Fuel

Solar

Wind

Currently, 17,6% of the energy produced in Cape Verde comes

from renewable resources!!!

ELECTRA LOAD FORECAST

In a moderate load growth scenario, it is expected that consumption in Cape Verde reaches 450 GWh in 2020 with a total installed capacity of approximately 190 MW.

Source: Cape Verde 50%Renewable - Energy Master Plan 2010-2020 – Load Forecast Study (GESTO Energy 2010)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

GW

h

Cenário de evolução do consumo de energia eléctrica por sector

302

403

499

670

46,2%

16,6%8,5%

44,2%42,4%

40,4%16,6%

11,3%16,1%

14,1% 15,7%

17,1%

143

2000 2009 2012 2015 2020

CI CACEE CI CACEE CI CACEE

X2,2

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

GW

h

143

302

670

385403 392

464

499513

590

825

52%

20%

12%

52%

18%

11%

9%

49%

17%

11%

13%

46%

16%

13%

15%

52%

18%

12%

9%

50%

17%

12%

12%

47%

16%

13%

15%

53%

18%

13%

6%

53%

15%

13%

8%

52%

12%

13%

13%

Gráfico só para tirar a legenda

Santiago São Vicente Sal Santo Antão Fogo São Nicolau Boavista Maio Brava

LOAD FORECAST PER SECTOR LOAD FORECAST PER ISLAND

THE GOALRENEWABLE ENERGY MEDIUM PENETRATION

Given the dependence on petroleum products,ELECTRA intends to:

▪ Increase the penetration of renewable energy

▪ Reduce the diesel portion in the production mix

▪ Reduce the pollution emission gases


Source: Cape Verde 50%Renewable - Energy Master Plan 2010-2020 (GESTO Energy 2010)

Cape Verde Renewable Energy Masterplanestablishes a target of 50% Renewables penetration until 2020!!


Source: Cape Verde 50%Renewable - Energy Master Plan 2010-2020 (GESTO Energy 2010)

Cape Verde Renewable Energy Masterplan establishes different targets for each island in order to reach the

50% Renewables

RENEWABLE ENERGY MEDIUM PENETRATIONCHALLENGES…

Large power variations in seconds

GOAL

maximize the penetration of renewables ensuring the

system stability and sustainability

CHALLENGE

Instability caused by a high penetration of renewable

energy in isolated systems, small and weak

THE GOALRENEWABLE ENERGY MEDIUM/HiGH PENETRATION

CONCLUSION

• ELECTRA is focused on the objective of maximizing the penetration ofrenewable . Therefore, when with medium/hight level of penetrationproblems such as electric quantity and quality arise. Thus, it is importantto manage challenges in term of the quantity (surplus electricity andthermal capacity) and quality (voltage and frequency) of electricity.

• ELECTRA is conducting various technical and economical studies in orderto achieve this objective, while maintaining system stability and quality ofpower supply:

▪ Use of energy storage in some islands:▪ Flywheels▪ Batteries

▪ Brava Island 100% Renewable;▪ …

IMPORTÂNCIA DA EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA E O ENQUADRAMENTO DAS ENERGIAS RENOVÁVEIS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DO TURISMO E DA INDÚSTRIA EM CABO VERDE.

A ESTRATÉGIA PARA A EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA DEVERÁ ESTAR BASEADA NOS SEGUINTES EIXOS PRINCIPAIS.

A estratégia para a eficiência energética deverá estar baseada nos seguinteseixos principais:

• Promoção da Eficiência Energética dos Equipamentos e Eletrodomésticos;

• Promoção da Eficiência Energética dos Edifícios;

• Promoção da Eficiência Energética dos Consumidores Intensivos;

• Promoção da Eficiência na Produção e Distribuição de Eletricidade;

• Promoção da Eficiência na Cocção (ato de cozer).

A ESTRATÉGIA PARA A EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA DEVERÁ ESTAR BASEADA NOS SEGUINTES EIXOS PRINCIPAIS.

Iremos focar no quarto eixo referente à promoção da eficiência na produção e

distribuição de eletricidade e na estratégia para aumentar a taxa de penetração

nos sistemas elétricos nacionais, e em particular nos sistemas elétricos de

Santiago, São Vicente e Sal, que representam aproximadamente 79% da

produção global de eletricidade em Cabo Verde.

ESTRATÉGIA VISANDO UMA ALTA PENETRAÇÃO DE ENERGIA RENOVÁVEL, REDUÇÃO DE PERDAS, EFICIÊNCIA E MELHORIA DA QUALIDADE DE ENERGIA ELÉCTRICA.

Estratégia visando uma Alta Penetração de Energia Renovável, Redução de

Perdas, Eficiência e Melhoria da Qualidade de Energia Elétrica:

• Segurança na Gestão dos Sistemas Elétricos (Grid Management Security)

• Eficiência na Produção Térmica, Redução de Perdas e Eficiência na

Iluminação Pública (Fuel Generation Efficiency, Losses Reduction anf Public Lighting

Efficiency)

• Otimização das Energias Renováveis (Renewable Energy Optimization)

• Melhoria da Qualidade de Energia (Power Quality Improvement)

RENEWABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGYMEDIUM PENETRATION UP TO 50%

ELECTRA is working in a medium term Renewable Energy Penetration Strategy (50%) for Sal Island based on 4 drivers

Renewable Energy High Penetration

Strategy

GRID MANAGEMENT

SECURITY

FUEL GENERATION EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES REDUCTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

OPTIMIZATION

POWER QUALITY

RES Integration – Chalenges

Challenges associated to technological aspects

Challenges associated to variability of the primary resource: wind

and solar

▪Voltage control

▪Fault ride through capability

▪Support of the power stability during and after faults

▪Power-frequency control

▪Short-circuit currents

▪Inertia

▪Backup power

▪Spinning reserve for conventional power plants

▪Upwards and downwards ramps

▪Forecast errors

▪Network developments

Challenge

Challenge ▪Control Centre for Renewable

▪International interconnections

▪Network Development

▪Specific operation tools

▪Demand Side Management

▪Storage

▪Electric Vehicle

▪ Technical requirements

▪ Connection codes

▪ Other measurements

Measurement

Measurement

SEGURANÇA NA GESTÃO DOS SISTEMAS ELECTRICOS E MELHORIA DE QUALIDADE DE ENERGIA ELECTRICA.(Grid Management Security and Power Quality Improvement)


Solution Measures to increase RE Penetration

• Calculate the amount of renewable that can be connected ensuring the system stability

without using batteries

• Suppression of wind power output is being carried and storage batteries is required to

make more effective use of installed renewable plants.

• Make use of storage batteries at peak times.

• For introduction of batteries the optimal battery system that would bring economic

value in terms of cost reduction should be considered.

• The adopted solution should ensures grid security and stability, reduces diesel fuel

consumption, and improves wind turbine and PV power supply ratio.

MELHORIA NA EFICIÊNCIA DA PRODUÇÃO TÉRMICA DA PRODUÇÃO TÉRMICA E NA PRODUÇÃO DE ÁGUA DESSALINIZADA.(Fuel Generation efficiency Improvement)

A seguinte estratégia deverá ser implementada:

Uma análise da estrutura de custos de produção da Energia elétrica em Cabo

Verde, evidencia que os fatores críticos que condicionam o elevado custo produção

são o elevado custo dos combustíveis e o custo de aquisição da energia eólica, que

representam cerca de 68% do custo de produção do KWh (2017).

Uma redução substancial do custo final do KWh, poderá ser obtida através da

redução dos referidos fatores de custo e na melhoria da performance das unidades

de produção de energia elétrica e de dessalinização de água.


O elevado custo dos combustíveis (F180), na produção de energia elétrica nas ilhas de

Santiago e Sal (e Boavista), poderá ser minimizado pela via da substituição do Fuel 180

para o fuel 380 nas ilhas de Santiago e Sal, o que prossupõe a criação das necessárias

condições logísticas (transporte marítimo internacional, armazenagem e transporte

interno de combustíveis nas referidas ilhas).

Relativamente as ilhas de Fogo e Santo Antão, o custo de produção também poderá ser

substancialmente reduzido com a substituição do gasóleo para o Fuel 180 o que

também prossupõe a criação de condições logísticas para o transporte marítimo

interno do F180, armazenagem e transporte nas referidas ilhas.


É importante que sejam implementadas as ações necessárias (investimentos e outros)

visando substituir, o mais brevemente possível, o HFO 180, mais caro, por HFO 380, mais

barato, nas ilhas de Santiago e Sal e substituir o gasóleo por HFO180 nas ilhas de Santo

Antão e Fogo, aonde foram realizados importantes investimentos para a utilização do

referido combustível mais barato e visando melhorar substancialmente a performance das

unidades de produção.

Na dessalinização de água do mar, serão implementados projetos com unidades de

produção alimentados pelas redes elétricas concessionadas, com alta penetração de

renováveis, normalizadas para capacidades de produção média/alta (5.000 m3/dia ou

superior) e com elevado performance (baixo consumo de energia) e alta fiabilidade.

REDUÇÃO DE PERDAS E EFICIÊNCIA NA ILUMINAÇÃO PUBLICA (Loss Reduction and Public Lighting Efficiency)

A seguinte estratégia deverá ser implementada:

As elevadas perdas “não técnicas” (perdas totais estimadas em cerca de 25,7 %, em

2017), na distribuição e comercialização da energia elétrica representam um fator crítico

e determinante no elevado custo final de energia elétrica entregue aos clientes.

Para o efeito, a ELECTRA está a implementar um Projeto de Proteção de Receitas e de

instalação de contadores inteligentes aos clientes BTE e BT de maior consumo, com o

financiamento do Banco Mundial e BEI com o seguinte objetivo.

ENERGY LOSS REDUCTION AND POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM

La logique du Projet …

70%

40%

Environ

145.000 BT

MT &

BTE

(1.600)

30% 72

.7%

de

re

nd

em

en

tD

IST

RIB

UT

ION

Pe

rte

s2

7.3

%

30%

Grands BT

(5.000)

Project: PRP

Objectif:Sécuriser comptageet facturation sur70% du portefeuillepour atteindre uneréduction de 10%de pertes sur cesegment.

EFICIÊNCIA NA ILUMINAÇÃO PÚBLICA (Public Lighting Efficiency)

A iluminação pública (IP) tem em vista atender à segurança e ao conforto da população

e compatibilizar o sistema com o nível económico da área atendida.

Na análise do custo do sistema de iluminação a parcela de maior peso corresponde ao

consumo de energia elétrica que variará em função do número e tipo de luminárias

utilizadas no sistema.

A ELECTRA em articulação com as Câmaras Municipais da Praia e do Sal e com o

Ministério da Indústria, Comércio e Energia, está a implementar, um Projeto de Reforço

e Melhoria da Eficiência na Iluminação Pública, visando a substituição das luminárias

equipadas com lâmpadas de vapor de mercúrio de 80 W, 100 W e 125 W e de vapor de

sódio 70 W, 150 W e 250 W por modelos equivalentes de luminárias a LED.

EFICIÊNCIA NA ILUMINAÇÃO PÚBLICA (Public Lighting Efficiency)

Num primeira fase do projeto serão contempladas as cidades da Praia e de

Santa Maria. A redução do consumo de energia após renovação dos respetivos

sistemas de iluminação pública, com tecnologia LED, é da ordem dos 55%,

mantendo-se ou melhorando o nível atual da iluminação pública.

MEDIDAS DE SOLUÇÃO PARA CABO VERDE(Solution Measures for Cabo Verde)

Aumentar o nível de penetração de renováveis, acima da taxa atual de 17,6%,

com efetivo redução do custo do kWh, melhorar a eficiência do sistema e a

sustentabilidade do sector elétrico nacional e, assim, contribuir para o

Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Turismo e Indústria em Cabo Verde.

To increase the level of penetration above the current rate of 17,6%, with

effective kWh cost reduction, to improve the efficiency of the system and the

sustainability of the national electricity sector and therefore to contribute to

sustainable development of tourism and industry in Cape Verde

SAL ISLAND CURRENT STATUS AND ISSUES

SAL ISLANDRENEWABLE ENERGY MEDIUM PENETRATION ISLAND

ELECTRA has been conducting studies in order to find optimum technical and

economical solutions to optimize the increase of the penetration level of

renewable energy on Sal island

Source: Report «Projet de renforcement et d’optimisation du système d’énergie électrique de l’île de Sal»

SAL ISLANDINSTALLED CAPACITY

Sal Island

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Diesel

Solar PV

Wind

Installed Capacity 2001 - 2017 (MW)

SAL ISLANDGENERATIONS

Sal Island

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Diesel

Solar PV

Wind

Generations 2001 - 2017 (MWh)

SAL ISLANDFUEL CONSUMPTION CHANGE

Sal Island

0

2 000 000

4 000 000

6 000 000

8 000 000

10 000 000

12 000 000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Gas Oil

HFO

Fuel Consumption Change 2001 - 2017 (Lt.)

SAL ISLANDLOAD FORECAST 2020

It is expected that the consumption on the island of Sal reaches 86 GWh in 2020, strongly driven by the Tourism sector

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

GW

h

Perdas técnicas

Consumo interno

Dessalinização

Instituições

Turismo

Com/Ind/Agri

Doméstico

37

47

57

86

2010 2012 2015 2020

Source: Cape Verde 50%Renewable - Energy Master Plan 2010-2020 – Load Forecast Study (GESTO Energy 2010)

Technical losses

Internal consumption

Desalination

Institutions

Tourism

Com/Ind/Agri

Domestic

SAL ISLANDENERGY MIX AND INSTALLED CAPACITY

Sal Island currently has a renewable installed capacity of 9.7 MW (7.2 MW wind and 2.5 MWp Solar) and reached a penetration of renewable energy of approximately 30.9% in 2017

27,0%

3,9%

69,1%

Energy Mix

Wind

Solar

Fuel/Diesel

60,6%29,3%

10,2%

Installed Capacity

Wind

Solar

Fuel/Diesel

Sal 2017 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec TOTAL

Wind MWh 1 585 2 013 1 464 1 292 1 771 1 225 972 742 1 059 1 484 1 193 1 740 16 541

Solar MWh 225 118 130 99 106 268 148 274 281 301 238 229 2 416

Fuel/Diesel MWh 2 987 1 996 2 959 3 246 2 690 3 115 3 895 4 740 4 355 4 175 4 621 3 623 42 400

Total MWh 4 797 4 127 4 552 4 637 4 567 4 607 5 016 5 757 5 694 5 960 6 052 5 592 61 357

Wind penetration ratio % 33,1% 48,8% 32,1% 27,9% 38,8% 26,6% 19,4% 12,9% 18,6% 24,9% 19,7% 31,1% 27,0%

Solar penetration ratio % 4,7% 2,8% 2,9% 2,1% 2,3% 5,8% 3,0% 4,8% 4,9% 5,0% 3,9% 4,1% 3,9%

Total penetration ratio % 37,7% 51,6% 35,0% 30,0% 41,1% 32,4% 22,3% 17,7% 23,5% 30,0% 23,6% 35,2% 30,9%

RENEWABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGYMEDIUM PENETRATION (20% - 40%)

Currently the spinning reserve is managed manually by imposing remote limitation set points to the Windfarm turbines.

Spinning Reserve 50%(50% of the renewable power

supplied)

Remote limitation setpoints Wind Turbine derating


• Unit commitment solves the problem ofdetermining which generation units should berunning in each period so as to satisfy a predictablyvarying demand for electricity, considering theminimum technical unit output limited in 50% ofthe nominal unit capacity.

• Period of optimization is variable (up to 10 days)

Unit Commitment



• Forecast based on history, day type, weather and current system sate

• Short-term forecast – 7 days with one hour granularity

• Bottom-up approach• Support for solar and wind generation forecast• Forecast based on history, weather (current and

forecasted) and current system state• Near – term forecast – 24h with one hour

granularity• Short – term forecast – 7 days with one hour

granularity

Load ForecastAnd

Renewables Forecast

Remote limitation setpointsWind Turbine derating


• 10 levels of consumer priorities• Fast response timeLoad Shedding



ELECTRA is working in a medium term Renewable Energy Penetration Strategy (50%) for Sal Island based on 4 drivers

Renewable Energy High Penetration

Strategy

GRID MANAGEMENT

SECURITY

FUEL GENERATION EFFICIENCY

RENEWABLE ENERGY

OPTIMIZATION

POWER QUALITY

SAL ISLANDRENEWABLE ENERGY INCREASE STRATEGY

1st STAGE

Grid Studies

Selectivity and protections coordination studies, complemented with steady state and dynamic grid studies, in order to ensure the stability of the grid in different contingency scenarios:

• Building the static model of each network.

• Building of dynamic models and preparation of the scenarios for dynamic stability simulations.

• Load Flow and Short Circuit studies.

…


1st STAGE

Grid Studies

• Dynamic stability simulations: calculation of critical clearing times and Frequency response at Loss of largest diesel generator, largest wind farm/aero generators, Loss of major load, up to 10 contingency scenarios, e.g. three-phase short circuit followed by outage of line or bus bar.

• Identification of limitation and actual problems that can affect the system stability.

• Analysis of weaknesses in the protection system and recommendations to its improvement.

……


2nd STAGE

Standard Dispatch System

installation of a national standard dispatch system (to be commissioned within the next 18 months) to efficiently manage the existing power plants and grids in safety conditions

……


3rd STAGE

Advanced Dispatch System and Energy Storage Systems

• To integrate the simulation software and grid models developed in Stage 1 with the Dispatch System, in order to ensure the stability of the grid on contingency scenarios with relevant fluctuation of renewable power;

• Study the use of complementary systems with the purpose of creating conditions to safely integrate more renewable energy power into the grid (Flywheels systems, Battery Systems, Energy Storage Control Systems, etc.);

… …


3rd STAGE


• Upgrade the Standard Dispatch System with advanced and specific modules configured to manage massive amounts of Renewable Power, based on algorithms specially dedicated to the management of high renewables penetration grids, optimizing the use of Renewable Energy, ensuring grid stability and safety conditions including, namely:

₋ Master control system configuration to control the renewable’s power output smoothing and grid operation stability;

₋ Monitoring system configuration to meet monitoring and management needs of network operation;

… …


3rd STAGE


• Refurbishment of the protection systems based on the recommendations of the result of the selectivity and coordination of protection systems studies, accomplished in Stage 1;

• Development of the terms of reference for a pilot-project in Sal island containing:

₋ Overall Design of Energy Storage (Energy storage system should include at least three dimensions: energy storage stack design, battery management systems and energy storage inverter).

₋ Energy storage system configuration

…


Necessity for Power Storage

• For stable expansion of renewable energy power storage is indispensable.


Objectives of Power Storage

1. Short cycle

・To maintain frequency,

50±2Hz is adopted, but need to maintain frequency may be low


2. Long cycle

・To maintain minimum diesel output (50%),

・*Store surplus power generated over and above demand,and discharge stored power at peak demand times

Suppress diesel output →fuel cost reductionEffective use of potential renewable energy

*Need to consider associated costs and charging/discharging losses


Perspective of Secondary Battery for Power Grid


Solution Measures for Sal Island• Calculate the amount of renewable that can be connected ensuring

the system stability without using batteries • Suppression of wind power output is being carried and storage

batteries is required to make more effective use of installed renewable plants.

• Make use of storage batteries at peak times.• For introduction of batteries the optimal battery system that would

bring economic value in terms of cost reduction should be considered.

• The adopted solution should ensures grid security and stability, reduces diesel fuel consumption, and improves wind turbine and PV power supply ratio.


Solution Measures for Sal Island

• To increase the level of penetration above the current rate(36,8%), namely the following grid configurations should beanalysed in order to find the best technical andeconomic/financial solution.


Scenario 1


Scenario 2


Scenario 3



Main points of the solution:

• Energy storage system configuration (battery stack + energy storage inverter), step up transformer connected to the 20kV rated busbar of the windfarm or the public grid.

• Master control system configuration, to control the wind power output and grid operation stability.

• Monitoring system configuration, to meet monitoring and management needs of the network operation.



Scope of Supply:

• reactive compensation …

• Overall Design of Energy Storage

• Energy storage system includes: energy storage stack design, battery management systems, and energy storage inverter.



• The optimum solution should bring economic value in term ofcost reduction.

Thanks!

Merci!

[email protected]

www.electra.cv

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.electra.cv/

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