gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos químicos e aplicação da
TRANSCRIPT
!"#$%&'#()(%*(%*+,-*.)/0-
1"'2#2/2-*(%*3/45#6)*(%*+,-*7)&0-'
Gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos químicos e aplicação da tecnologia de
destilação na recuperação de solventes orgânicos: estudo de caso da
reciclagem do xileno
8/0#)")*7&#'2#")*9%$)()
:&#%"2)(-&);*.&-<=*>&)?*@)&#)*:045A#)*(%*:0#$%#&)*B%C%"(%
São Carlos
2008
>#''%&2)D,-* )A&%'%"2)()* )-* 1"'2#2/2-* (%*3/45#6)*(%*+,-*7)&0-'E*()*!"#$%&'#()(%*(%* +,-* .)/0-* 6-5-* &%F/#'#2-* A)&)*-G2%"D,-*(-*242/0-*(%*@%'2&%*%5*7#H"6#)'*I3/45#6)*J")042#6)K?
#
Aprendi e Decidi
E assim, depois de muito esperar, num dia como outro qualquer, decidi triunfar... Decidi não esperar as oportunidades e sim, eu mesmo buscá-las.
Decidi ver cada problema como uma oportunidade de encontrar uma solução. Decidi ver cada deserto como uma possibilidade de encontrar um oásis.
Decidi ver cada noite como um mistério a resolver.
Decidi ver cada dia como uma nova oportunidade de ser feliz. Naquele dia descobri que meu único rival não era mais que minhas próprias
limitações e que enfrentá-las era a única e melhor forma de as superar. Naquele dia, descobri que eu não era o melhor e que talvez eu nunca tenha sido.
Deixei de me importar com quem ganha ou perde, agora, me importa
simplesmente saber melhor o que fazer. Aprendi que o difícil não é chegar lá em cima, e sim deixar de subir.
Aprendi que o melhor triunfo que posso ter, é ter o direito de chamar a alguém
de "Amigo". Descobri que o amor é mais que um simples estado de enamoramento, "o amor é
uma filosofia de vida".
Naquele dia, deixei de ser um reflexo dos meus escassos triunfos passados e passei a ser a minha própria tênue luz deste presente.
Aprendi que de nada serve ser luz se não vai iluminar o caminho dos demais.
Naquele dia, decidi trocar tantas coisas...
Naquele dia, aprendi que os sonhos são somente para fazer-se realidade. E desde aquele dia já não durmo para descansar...
Agora simplesmente durmo para sonhar...
Walt Disney
##
DEDICATÓRIA
L*>M!+E*A-&*%'2)&*'%5A&%*A&%'%"2%
*%5*5#"N)*$#()E #0/5#")"(-*5%/*6)5#"N-
*%*()"(-O5%*<-&D)'*A)&)*'%5A&%*6-"2#"/)&?
L*5#"N)*)G%"D-)()*<)540#)E*9/#'E*B-'%5%#&%E
70%G%&*%*J0#"%E*A-&*2-(-*)5-&E*#"6%"2#$-*%*)A-#-?
J-*P&)"(%*)5-&*()*5#"N)*$#()E*
5%/*5%0N-&*)5#P-*%*6-"<#(%"2%E*Q%2#"N-?
@#"N)*P&)2#(,-*A-&*'/)*6-5A&%%"',-E*
6-5A)"N%#&#'5-E*6)&#"N-*%*#"6)"'R$%0*)A-#-
*%5*2-(-'*-'*5-5%"2-'*(%*5#"N)*$#()?
L*2-(-'*)F/%0%'E*%*',-*5/#2-E*
F/%*S/"2)&)5O'%*)*5#5E*%5*(#<%&%"2%'*A-"2-'
*()*5#"N)*6)5#"N)()T*<#&5)&)5*-*A)''-*%*
'-&&#&)5*6-5#P-*")*)0%P&#)*%*
'%P/&)&)5O5%*)'*5,-'*")*2&#'2%C)?
###
AGRADECIMENTOS
L F/%&#()* )5#P)* J")* 7)&-0#")* I7)&UK %* .&-<)?* >&)?* M"V* @)&#)* W#%#&)E* A%0)* #"%'2#5R$%0*
6-0)G-&)D,-*A)&)*-*(%'%"$-0$#5%"2-*(%'2%*2&)G)0N-*%*A%0)*A)6#H"6#)*%*#"6%"2#$-*F/)"(-*)*%0)'*
%/*&%6-&&#)?
J-'* .&-<%''-&%'; >&?* M5)"/%0*7)&�N-E*>&)?*J")*@)&#)* (%*X/CC#* .0%A#'* %*>&?M(%&* Y)(%/*
X-5%'*7)$)0N%#&-E*A%0)*)S/()*A)&)*F/%*%''%*2&)G)0N-*'%*6-"6&%2#C)''%?
L*@)&#)*+#0$#)*(%*X/CC#*.0%A#'*%*J"(&Z#)*7&#'2#")*7)&(-C-*(%*@-&)%'*A%0-'*P&)"(%'*)/[40#-'*
%*)A-#-?
L'*5#"N)'*F/%&#()'*)$\'E*@)&#)*%*J/&-&)*%*]*5#"N)*F/%&#()*2#)*9)/&)E*A%0)'*-&)D^%'?
J-'*5%/'*F/%&#(-'E*2#-*7%0'-E*2#-*X#*%*2#)*J")E*F/%E*5%'5-*(#'2)"2%'E*'%5A&%*5%*)A-#)&)5E
#"6%"2#$)&)5*%*2-&6%&)5*A-&*5#5?
L* 2-(-'* 5%/'* <)5#0#)&%'* %* )5#P-'E* F/%* (%* /5)* <-&5)* -/* (%* -/2&)E* 6-"2&#G/4&)5* A)&)* )*
&%)0#C)D,-*(%'2%*2&)G)0N-*%*2-&6%5*A-&*5#5?
J-*_0R$#-*J"2U"#-*7-&2%CE*A%0)'*#"`5%&)'*)S/()'*%*)-'*)5#P-'*+#0$#"N)*%*J&#?
L*7a.FE*A%0-*)A-#-*<#")"6%#&-?*
#$
RESUMO
M'2%*2&)G)0N-*(%*A%'F/#')*<-#*%0)G-&)(-*6-5*-*-GS%2#$-*(%*)A&%'%"2)&*-'*&%'/02)(-'*()*
&%6/A%&)D,-*%*&%6#60)P%5*(%*[#0%"-E*P%&)(-*%5*0)G-&)2\&#-'*(%*)"R0#'%'*604"#6)'?*b*#5A-&2)"2%*
')0#%"2)&* )* #5A-&2c"6#)* (%* /5* A&-P&)5)* (%* P%'2,-* %* P%&%"6#)5%"2-* (%* &%'4(/-'* F/45#6-'E*
A&#"6#A)05%"2%*%5*#"'2#2/#D^%'*(%*%"'#"-*%*A%'F/#')E*(%*<-&5)*)*6-"2&#G/#&*A)&)*)*A&%'%&$)D,-*
(-*)5G#%"2%*%*A-''#G#0#2)&* )* <-&5)D,-*(%*A&-<#''#-")#'* 6-"'6#%"2%'E*)6-'2/5)(-'*]'*A&R2#6)'*
6-&&%2)'*(%*P%'2,-*%*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'?*J*&%6/A%&)D,-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*
<-#* <%#2)* A-&* 5%#-* ()* 2Z6"#6)* (%* (%'2#0)D,-* <&)6#-")()?* .)&)* )* $%&#<#6)D,-* ()* %<#6#H"6#)* ()*
&%6/A%&)D,-*(-*[#0%"-E*<-&)5*)")0#')()'*)5-'2&)'*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-E*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*
%**(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-E*6-5*-*A&-A\'#2-*(%*6-5A)&)&*-'*&%'/02)(-'*-G2#(-'*(%'2)'*)5-'2&)'*A-&*
5%#-*()'* )"R0#'%'*(%*M'A%62&-<-2-5%2&#)*(%* /02&)$#-0%2)* d*$#'4$%0E* I!WdW#'KE*B%<&)2-5%2&#)E*
7&-5)2-P&)<#)*X)'-')* I7XK* %*7&-5)2-P&)<#)*X)'-')* )6-A0)()* ]*M'A%62&-5%2&#)* (%*@)'')'*
I7XOM@K?*:'*&%'/02)(-'*(%'2)*A%'F/#')*6-"<#&5)5*)*%<#6#H"6#)*()*&%6/A%&)D,-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*
[#0%"-E*A-''#G#0#2)"(-*F/%*%'2%*&%2-&"%*)-*A&-6%''-*A&-(/2#$-*-/*P%&)(-&E*")*<-&5)*(%*A&-(/2-E*
&%<)C%"(-*)''#5E*-*6#60-*A-&*6-5A0%2-?*J*&%6/A%&)D,-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*%*'/)*&%6#60)P%5*
2&)C*G%"%<46#-'*)5G#%"2)#'*%*%6-"U5#6-'?*
**
$
ABSTRACT
YN#'*&%'%)&6N*e)'*%0)G-&)2%(*e#2N*2N%*-GS%62#$%'*2-*A&%'%"2*2N%*&%'/02'*-<*&%6-$%&V*)"(*
&%6V60#"P*-<*[V0%"%E*P%"%&)2%(*#"*60#"#6)0*)")0V'%'*0)G-&)2-&#%'?*12*#'*%''%"2#)0*2-*A-#"2*-/2*2N%*
#5A-&2)"6%*-<*5)")P%5%"2*)"(*6N%5#6)0*e)'2%*5)")P%5%"2*A&-P&)5E*%'A%6#)00V*#"*%(/6)2#-"*
)"(*&%'%)&6N*#"'2#2/2#-"'E*6-"2&#G/2#"P*2-*%"$#&-"5%"2*A&%'%&$)2#-"*)"(*2-*5)f#"P*A-''#G0%*2N%*
F/)0#<#6)2#-"*-<*6-"'6#%"2#-/'*A&-<%''#-")0'E*/'%(*e#2N*6-&&%62*A&)62#6%'*-<*5)")P%5%"2*)"(*
2N%* 6N%5#6)0*e)'2%*5)")P%5%"2?* YN%* [V0%"%*e)'2%*e)'* &%6-$%&%(*GV* <&)62#-")0* (#'2#00)2#-"*
2%6N"#F/%?*Y-*$%&#<V*2N%*%<<#6#%"6V*-<* 2N%*[V0%"%*&%6-$%&V*#2*e)'*)")0VC%(*')5A0%'*-<*e)'2%*
[V0%"%E*&%6-$%&%(*[V0%"%*)"(*'2)"()&(*[V0%"%E*2-*6-5A)&%*2N%*-G2)#"%(*()2)*-<*2N%'%*')5A0%'*
2N&-/PN* 2N%* /02&)$#-0%2O$#'#G0%* +A%62&-AN-2-5%2&V* I!WOW#'KE* B%<&)62-5%2&VE* X)'*
7N&-5)2-P&)ANV* IX7K* )"(* 6-""%62%(* X)'* 7N&-5)2-P&)ANV* 2-* 2N%* +A%62&-5%2&V* -<* @)''*
IX7O@+K*)")0V'%'?*YN%*&%'/02'*-<*2N#'*e-&f*6-"<#&5%(*2N%*%<<#6#%"6V*-<*2N%*[V0%"%*&%6-$%&VE*
5)f#"P* A-''#G0%* #2'* &%2/&"* 2-* 2N%* A&-(/62#$%* -&* P%"%&)2-&* A&-6%''%'* )'* )* A&-(/62E* 2N/'*
6-5A0%2#"P*2N%*%"2#&%*6V60%?*YN%*&%6-$%&V*-<*2N%*[V0%"%*e)'2%*)"(*#2'*&%6V60#"P*N)'*#5A-&2)"2*
)5G#%"2*)"(*%6-"-5#6*G%"%<#2'?
$#
LISTA DE FIGURAS
_#P/&)*g*O*#'U5%&-'*(-*[#0%"-*I)K*-&2-E*IGK*5%2)E*%*I6K*A)&).???????????????????????????????????????????????????????h
_#P/&)*i*d*M'6)0)*(%*A&#-&#()(%'*)*'%&*'%P/#()*F/)"(-*()*#5A0)"2)D,-*(%*/5*.&-P&)5)*(%*X%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*B%'4(/-'*?*_-"2%;YJWJBM+*%*QMa>J++:991E*ijjk?????????????????????????????gl
_#P/&)*m*O*_0/[-P&)5)*6-"2%"(-*)'*%2)A)'*()*&%6#60)P%5*(-*[#0%"-????????????????????????????????????????gh
_#P/&)*l*O*+#'2%5)*(%*(%'2#0)D,-*'#5A0%'??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ij
_#P/&)*k*O*+#'2%5)*(%*(%'2#0)D,-*<&)6#-")()? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ii
_#P/&)*n*O*_-2-*(-*'#'2%5)*(%*(%'2#0)D,-*<&)6#-")()*#5A0)"2)(-*"-*9)G-&)2\&#-*(%*B%'4(/-'*3/45#6-'**O*7)5A/'*+,-*7)&0-'???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????mg
_#P/&)*h*O*_0/[-P&)5)*(-*A&-6%''-*(%*(%'2#0)D,-*(-*[#0%"-? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????mi
_#P/&)*o*O M'A%62&-'*(%*)G'-&D,-*"-*/02&)$#-0%2)*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-*")*&%P#,-*(%*gpj*)*njj"5? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????mh
_#P/&)*p*O M'A%62&-'*(%*)G'-&D,-*"-*/02&)$#-0%2)*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-*")*&%P#,-*(%*gpj*)*njj"5???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????mh
_#P/&)*gj*O M'A%62&-'*(%*)G'-&D,-*"-*/02&)$#-0%2)*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*")*&%P#,-*(%*gpj*)*njj"5? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????mo
_#P/&)*gg*O*+-G&%A-'#D,-*(-'*%'A%62&-'*(%*)G'-&D,-*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-E*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*%*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????mo
_#P/&)*gi*O*7&-5)2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-?????????????????????????????????????????????????????lg
_#P/&)*gm*O*7&-5)2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*R06--0*A)(&,-?????????????????????????????????????????????????????li
_#P/&)*gl*O*7&-5)2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-? ???????????????????????????lm
_#P/&)*gk*O*7&-5)2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-??????????????????????????????????????????????ll
_#P/&)*gn*O*7&-5)2-P&)5)*(%*5)'')'*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-????????????????????????????????????lk
_#P/&)*gh*O*7&-5)2-P&)5)*(%*5)'')'*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-? ??????????ln
_#P/&)*go*O*7&-5)2-P&)5)*(%*5)'')'*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-?????????????????????????????lh
_#P/&)*gp*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*A%#&-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-??????????????????????lh
_#P/&)*ij*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*'%P/"(-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-? ?????????????????????lh
_#P/&)*ig*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*2%&6%#&-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-? ??????????????????????lo
_#P/&)*ii*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*F/)&2-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-? ????????????????????????lo
_#P/&)*im*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*F/#"2-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-? ????????????????????????lo
_#P/&)*il*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*A%#&-*A#6-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-? ???????????????lo
_#P/&)*ik*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*'%P/"(-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-? ???????????????????????lp
$##
_#P/&)*in*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*2%&6%#&-*A#6-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-??????????????????lp
_#P/&)*ih*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*F/)&2-*A#6-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-????????????????????lp
_#P/&)*io*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*F/#"2-*A#6-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-????????????????????lp
_#P/&)*ip*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*A%#&-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-???????????????kj
_#P/&)*mj*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*'%P/"(-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-? ??????????????kj
_#P/&)*mg*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*2%&6%#&-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-? ???????????????kj
_#P/&)*mi*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*F/)&2-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-? ?????????????????kj
_#P/&)*mm*O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*F/#"2-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-? ?????????????????kj
_#P/&)*ml*O*1"2%&6-"$%&',-*%"2&%*-'*#'U5%&-'*(%*[#0%"-???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????kg
_#P/&)*mk*O*.&-A-'2)*(%*_&)P5%"2)D,-;*_-&5)D,-*(-*2-0/%"-*)2&)$Z'*(-*4-"*2&-A40#-?????????????ki
_#P/&)*mn*O*.&-A-'2)*(%*_&)P5%"2)D,-;*_-&5)D,-*(-*2-0/%"-*)2&)$Z'*()*A&-2-")D,-*(-*'/G'2#2/#"2%*5%2#0)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ki
_#P/&)*mh*d*.&-A-'2)*(%*_&)P5%"2)D,-;*_-&5)D,-*(-*%2#0G%"C%"-*)2&)$Z'*(-*5%2#0O6#60-ON%A2)2&#%"-? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????km
_#P/&)*mo*d*.&-A-'2)*(%*_&)P5%"2)D,-;*_-&5)D,-*(-*%2#06#60-N%[)"-*)2&)$Z'*(-*5%2#0O6#60-ON%A2)2&#%"-? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????km
SUMÁRIO
Resumo ..................................................................................................................................iv
Abstract ..................................................................................................................................v
Lista de Figuras .....................................................................................................................vi
1 – INTRODUÇÃO ..................................................................................................................1
1.1 – Aspectos Gerais................................................................................................................1
1.2 - Solventes Orgânicos .........................................................................................................4
1.3 - Xileno.................................................................................................................................7
1.4 - Riscos Químicos em hospitais e laboratórios de anatomia patológica e histologia ....9
1.5 – Geração do Resíduo de Xileno......................................................................................11
1.6 - Gestão e Gerenciamento de Resíduos Químicos..........................................................12g?n?g*d*X%'2,-*%*X%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*B%'4(/-'*%5*1"'2#2/#D^%'*(%*M"'#"-*%*.%'F/#') ??????????gk
1.7. Metodologia......................................................................................................................16g?h?g*d*.&-6%''-*(%*B%6#60)P%5*(-*q#0%"- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????gng?h?i*O*>%'2#0)D,-??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????gog?h?m*d*>%'2#0)D,-*+#5A0%'*-/*>#<%&%"6#)0 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????gpg?h?l*d*>%'2#0)D,-*_&)6#-")() ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ijg?h?k*d*M'A%62&-<-2-5%2&#)*(%*!WOW#' ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????iig?h?n*O*B%<&)2-5%2&#)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ilg?h?h*d*7&-5)2-P&)<#)*X)'-') ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ikg?h?o*d*7&-5)2-P&)<#)*X)'-')*J6-A0)()*]*M'A%62&-5%2&#)*(%*@)'')' ????????????????????????????????ih
2 – OBJETIVOS .....................................................................................................................30
3 - PROCEDIMENTO EXPERIMENTAL..........................................................................31
3.1 – Destilação........................................................................................................................31
3.2 – Espectrofotometria de UV-Vis .....................................................................................33
3.3 – Refratometria.................................................................................................................33
3.4 – Cromatografia Gasosa ..................................................................................................34
3.5 – Cromatografia Gasosa Acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas ................................34
4 – RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO .....................................................................................36
4.1 – Espectrofotometria de UV-Vis .....................................................................................36
4.2 – Refratometria.................................................................................................................39
4.3 - Cromatografia Gasosa ...................................................................................................41
4.4 – Cromatografia Gasosa Acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas ................................45
5 – CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS...........................................................................................54
6 – REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ...........................................................................56
1"2&-(/D,- O g
1 – INTRODUÇÃO
1.1 – Aspectos Gerais
J* P%&)D,-* (%* &%'4(/-'* '%5A&%* <%C* A)&2%* (%* 2-()* %* F/)0F/%&* )2#$#()(%* &%)0#C)()* A%0-*
N-5%5*)-*0-"P-*(-*2%5A-?*:*2&)2)5%"2-*(-'*&%'4(/-'*P%&)(-'*2)5GZ5*",-*Z*/5*2%5)*)2/)0?*
J"2#P)5%"2%E*-* 2&)2)5%"2-*%&)*<%#2-*A%0)*A&\A&#)*")2/&%C)*A-&*5%#-*(%*(#'A%&',-E*(#0/#D,-*%*
(%P&)()D,-*(%''%'*5)2%&#)#'?
7-5* -* (%'%"$-0$#5%"2-* #"(/'2&#)0* %* -* 6&%'6#5%"2-* A&-P&%''#$-* (%* '/)* A&-(/D,-E* %5*
6-"'%FrH"6#)*(-*)/5%"2-*()*A-A/0)D,-*5/"(#)0*%*(-*(%'%S-*(%*5%0N-&*F/)0#()(%*(%*$#()E*)*
A&%-6/A)D,-* 6-5* -'* A&-G0%5)'* )5G#%"2)#'* &%'/02)"2%'* (-'* A&-6%''-'* #"(/'2&#)#'* )/5%"2-/*
'#P"#<#6)2#$)5%"2%?*J<#")0E*",-*<-#*)A%")'*)*A&-(/D,-*#"(/'2&#)0*F/%*6&%'6%/E*5)'* 2)5GZ5*)*
F/)"2#()(%*(%*&%'4(/-'*A-&*%0)*P%&)(-'*I@:sMY:T*8JB>1@T*X!1@JBtM+E*gppoK?*J*')`(%*
N/5)")* %* )* F/)0#()(%* (-*5%#-* )5G#%"2%* (%P&)()5O'%* 6-"'2)"2%5%"2%* (%$#(-* )* F/)"2#()(%*
6)()*$%C*5)#-&*(%*&%'4(/-'*A%&#P-'-'*F/%*',-*A&-(/C#(-'?
b*(%*%[2&%5)*#5A-&2c"6#)*A)&)*)*A&-2%D,-*(-*5%#-*)5G#%"2%*%*6-"'%Fr%"2%5%"2%*()*
')`(%* (-* N-5%5* -* 6-"2&-0%* %<%2#$-* ()* P%&)D,-E* (-* )&5)C%")5%"2-E* (-* 2&)2)5%"2-E* ()*
&%6#60)P%5*%*&%/2#0#C)D,-E*(-*2&)"'A-&2%*%*()*&%6/A%&)D,-*(%*&%'4(/-'*A%&#P-'-'*I+:BMa+Ma*
%2*)0.E*gppoK?
:*(%'6)'-*-/*(%'A&%A)&-*")*F/%'2,-*(-*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'*%5*$R&#-'*
0/P)&%'*(-*5/"(-*0%$)*)*P&)$%'*()"-'*()*")2/&%C)E*-'*F/)#'*A-(%5*2%&*&%A%&6/''^%'*"%P)2#$)'*
]* ')`(%* N/5)")* %* )-*5%#-* )5G#%"2%?*Y)0* <)2-* 2%5*5-2#$)(-E* A-&* A)&2%* (%* $R&#-'* A)4'%'E* -*
(%'%"$-0$#5%"2-*(%*A0)"-'*(%*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*'%P/&-'*%*'/'2%"2R$%#'*A)&)*(#<%&%"2%'*&%'4(/-'*
P%&)(-'*A%0)*A-A/0)D,-E*#"(`'2&#)*%*(#$%&')'*#"'2#2/#D^%'*IJ_:a+: %2*)0?E*ijjmK?
:*&#'6-*#"(/'2&#)0*)''-6#)(-*]*%5#'',-*(%*&%'4(/-'*A-(%*$)&#)&*5/#2-E*'%S)*%5*</"D,-*
1"2&-(/D,- O i
()*6)A)6#()(%*A&-(/2#$)E*(-'*5%6)"#'5-'*(%*'%P/&)"D)*(#'A-"4$%#'*I5-"#2-&)D,-*)/2-5R2#6)E*
'%P/&)"D)* (%* )&5)C%")P%5E* %26KE* -/* ()* 0#"N)* (%* A&-(/2-'E* I6)&)62%&4'2#6)'* ()'* '/G'2c"6#)'*
F/45#6)'*P%&)()'K I91aa1aXMBT 7uJvBJQ:BYwT*7:9QMBXE*ijjjK?
J''#5* '%"(-E* -* #"%&%"2%* A-2%"6#)0* (-'* &#'6-'* %"$-0$#(-'* "-* 5)"%S-* (%* '/G'2c"6#)'*
F/45#6)'E*)/5%"2)*)*#5A-&2c"6#)*()*#5A0)"2)D,-*(%*A&-P&)5)'*(%*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*
%<#6)C%'E* )* <#5* (%* %$#2)&* -* 6-5A&-5%2#5%"2-* ()* '%P/&)"D)* %* ')`(%* (%* 2&)G)0N)(-&%'E*
A-A/0)D,-*%*5%#-*)5G#%"2% I@:aYM+Ja:T*uJ99E*ijjgK?
3/)0F/%&* F/%* '%S)* )* %'2&)2ZP#)* )(-2)()E* )'A%62-'* 6-5-* ')`(%E* '%P/&)"D)* %* #5A)62-*
)5G#%"2)0*(%$%5*'%5A&%*'%&*6-"'#(%&)(-'*2)"2-*A-&*P&)"(%'E*F/)"2-*A-&*A%F/%"-'*P%&)(-&%'*
(%*&%'4(/-'*IQ1a1M7vJT*[email protected]*1Jaa1991T*ijjkK?
J*"%6%''#()(%*(%*6-"2&-0)&*%*(%'6)&2)&*)(%F/)()5%"2%*-'*'/GA&-(/2-'*%*(%*/2#0#C)&*-'*
'-0$%"2%'* (%* 5)"%#&)* )* 5#"#5#C)&* -'* ()"-'* )5G#%"2)#'E* 2-&"-/* %$#(%"2%* 2)"2-* A)&)* )*
A-A/0)D,-E*6-5-*A)&)*)*6-5/"#()(%*6#%"24<#6)E*F/%*)*5%0N-&*5)"%#&)*(%*5#"#5#C)&*&%'4(/-'*%*
%$#2)&* )02-'* 6/'2-'* )''-6#)(-'* )* %0%'E* Z* %5* A%#&-* 0/P)&* A&%$%"#&* )* A-0/#D,-* %* 2%&*
6-"N%6#5%"2-* A&Z$#-* (%* /5* A0)"-* (%* P%&%"6#)5%"2-* A)&)* -'* &%'4(/-'* F/%* '%&,-* P%&)(-'
I9MaJB>t: %2*)0?E*ijjmK?
a)* 2%"2)2#$)* (%*5#"#5#C)&* -'* %<%#2-'* "-6#$-'* (%'2)'* '/G'2c"6#)'E* 2)"2-* A)&)* -*5%#-*
)5G#%"2%* F/)"2-* A)&)* )* A-A/0)D,-E* '/&P%* ")* (Z6)()* (%* pj* -* 6-"6%#2-* (%* 3/45#6)* W%&(%E*
2)5GZ5*6-"N%6#(-*6-5-*3/45#6)*9#5A)?*J*F/45#6)*$%&(%*2%5*A-&*A&#"64A#-*)*A&%$%"D,-*()*
A-0/#D,-* 6)/')()* A-&* )2#$#()(%'* ")* R&%)* F/45#6)?* M'2)* %'2&)2ZP#)* $#')* )* (%'%"$-0$%&*
5%2-(-0-P#)'*%x-/*A&-6%''-'*F/%*/'%5*%*P%&%5*)*5%"-&*F/)"2#()(%*(%*5)2%&#)#'*2\[#6-'*%x-/*
#"<0)5R$%#'* ?* a%'2%* 6)'-E* -'* &#'6-'* '%&#)5* 5#"#5#C)(-'* %E* /5)* $%C* F/%* -* A&-6%''-* <-''%*
#5A0)"2)(-E*-'*P)'2-'*6-5* 2&)2)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*'%&#)5*5%"-&%' IJaJ+YJ+T*yJBaMBE*
ijjjK?
J* &%(/D,-* (-'* &%'4(/-'* P%&)(-'* Z* (%* 6)&R2%&* %6-"U5#6-E* '-6#)0* %* 0%P)0E* SR* F/%*
1"2&-(/D,- O m
%"2#()(%'* (%* $R&#-'* A)4'%'* 2H5* )(-2)(-* A-042#6)'* 6)()* $%C* 5)#'* &4P#()'* "-* '%"2#(-* (%* '%*
<-5%"2)&* )* &%(/D,-E* &%6#60)P%5* -/* &%)A&-$%#2)5%"2-* (-'* &%'4(/-'* P%&)(-' IQ!Y9MBT*
u::.MBE*ijjkT*8:uaT*s:B>JaE*ijjgT*_MuBT*7J+YB:T*7J9zJ>:E*ijjjT*.u1991.+*
%2*)0?E*gpppT*M1Xu@wT*v:++:aE*gppnK?
a%'2%* 6-"2%[2-E* -* A&\A&#-* 6-"6%#2-* {&%'4(/-{* )''#5* 6-5-* -* '%/* 6#60-* IF/%* %"$-0$%*
&%/'-E* &%6#60)P%5E* %26?K* 2%5* '#(-* -GS%2-* (%* (#'6/'',-* %* %'2/(- I>18vM@JE* BM!YYMBE*
WMBu:M_E*ijjjK?******
*:*&%/'-*%*)*&%6#60)P%5*(%*&%'4(/-'*',-*-'*(%'2#"-'*5)#'*)(%F/)(-'*)-'*&%'4(/-'?*J*
(#<%&%"D)*%"2&%*&%/'-*%*&%6#60)P%5*%'2R*"-*<)2-*(%*F/%E*"-*A%#&-*6)'-E*-*5)2%&#)0*A-(%*'%&*
&%/2#0#C)(-*"-*%'2)(-*%5*F/%*'%*%"6-"2&)E*'%5*)*"%6%''#()(%*(%*F/)0F/%&*A&-6%''-E*-*F/%*",-*
-6-&&%*"-*6)'-*()*&%6#60)P%5*-"(%*-*&%'4(/-*(%$%*"%6%'')&#)5%"2%*A)'')&*A-&*)0P/5*2#A-*(%*
2&)2)5%"2-*I8JB>1@E*gppoK?
:*F/%* '%* -G'%&$)* ")*A&R2#6)* Z* F/%* -* &%/'-* Z* A-/6-* /2#0#C)(-E* '%"(-* )* &%6#60)P%5*-*
A&#"6#A)0*A&-6%''-*A)&)*-'*'%P/#"2%'*&%'4(/-';
)K* +-0$%"2%'*-&Pc"#6-'
GK* 7-5G/'24$%#'*%5*P%&)0
6K* |0%-'
(K* B%'4(/-'*-'*%5*5%2)#'E*%'A%6#)05%"2%*-'*A&%6#-'-'
%K* }6#(-'*%*G)'%'
<K* 7)2)0#')(-&%'
>%"2&%*-'*A&-6%''-'*(%*&%6#60)P%5*)*(%'2#0)D,-*<&)6#-")()*ZE*'%5*(`$#()E*-*A&-6%''-*
5)#'*/2#0#C)(-*"-*6)'-*(%*'-0$%"2%'*-&Pc"#6-'E* '%P/#()*A-&* <#02&)D,-*A)&)* &%'4(/-'* '\0#(-'* %*
%[2&)D,-*A-&*'-0$%"2%'*A)&)*\0%-'*%*'\0#(-'*IJu@J>T*QJBY:aE*gpppT*8JB>1@E*ijjgK?
1"2&-(/D,- O l
:'* '-0$%"2%'* -&Pc"#6-'* A-&* '%&%5* )5A0)5%"2%* /2#0#C)(-'* %5* (#$%&'-'* 2#A-'* (%*
A&-6%''-'* %* A-&* 2%&%5* )02-* P&)/* (%* 2-[#6#()(%* ',-* 5/#2-* $#')(-'* A)&)* )* &%6/A%&)D,-* %*
&%/2#0#C)D,-E*)0Z5*(%*'%&*)0$-*(%*$R&#-'*%'2/(-'*I.BJ>:E*ijjmK?
1.2 - Solventes Orgânicos
+-0$%"2%'* -&Pc"#6-'* ',-* -G2#(-'* (-* &%<#"-* (-* A%2&\0%-* 6&/* %* ',-* (%* P&)"(%* /'-*
#"(/'2&#)0E*6-5%&6#)0*%*(-5Z'2#6-*IJ91E*gpojK?
!5* '-0$%"2%* A-(%* '%&* (%<#"#(-* 6-5-* /5)* '/G'2c"6#)* 6)A)C* (%* (#''-0$%&* -/2&)*
'/G'2c"6#)*A)&)*<-&5)&*/5* 04F/#(-?*:'*'-0$%"2%'*A-(%5*'%&*)5A0)5%"2%*60)''#<#6)(-'*6-5-*
)F/-'-'* -/* -&Pc"#6-'* %* (%"2&-* (%* 6)()* 60)''#<#6)D,-E* ',-* "%6%''R&#)'* '/G(#$#'^%'* A)&)*
%'60)&%6%&*(#<%&%"D)'*")*%'2&/2/&)*%*")'*A&-A&#%()(%'*<4'#6)' IMaW1B:a@MaYJ9*uMJ9Yu*
!a1YE*ijjiK?
:'* '-0$%"2%'* -&Pc"#6-'E* A-&* %[%5A0-E* A-(%5* '%&* 60)''#<#6)(-'* (%* )6-&(-* 6-5* '%/'*
P&/A-'* F/45#6-'E* (%* )6-&(-* 6-5* )* 6-"<#P/&)D,-* (-'* R2-5-'* (%* N#(&-PH"#-* %* 6)&G-"-* %* (%*
)6-&(-* %* 6-5* )* A&%'%"D)* (%* (#<%&%"2%'* P&/A-'* </"6#-")#'?* * J0P/"'* %[%5A0-'* (%* '-0$%"2%'*
-&Pc"#6-'* ',-;* N%[)"-E* N%A2)"-E* N#(&-6)&G-"%2-'* 6460#6-'* I6#60-N%[)"-KE* Z'2%&%'* I)6%2)2-* (%*
%2#0)KE*N#(&-6)&G-"%2-'*)&-5R2#6-'*IG%"C%"-E*2-0/%"-E*[#0%"-KE*R06--#'*IR06--0*%240#6-KE*6%2-")'*
I)6%2-")KE*N#(&-6)&G-"%2-'*N)0-P%")(-'*I60-&-<\&5#-KE*)0(%4(-'*I<-&5)0(%#(-KE*%"2&%*-/2&-'?
+-0$%"2%'*6-5*P&/A-'*F/45#6-'*(#<%&%"2%'*)A&%'%"2)5*6)&)62%&4'2#6)'*(#<%&%"2%'*%"2&%*
'#E* %"2&%2)"2-E* "-'* '-0$%"2%'* (%* 5%'5-* P&/A-* F/45#6-E* )'* A&-A&#%()(%'* '%* )02%&)5*
0#P%#&)5%"2%*6-5*-*)/5%"2-*()*5)'')*5-0)&*(-'*'-0$%"2%'*IMaW1B:a@MaYJ9*uMJ9Yu*
!a1YE*ijjiK?
:'*A&#"6#A)#'*<)2-&%'*F/%*#"<0/%"6#)5*)'*A&-A&#%()(%'*(-'*'-0$%"2%'*-&Pc"#6-'*',-;
1"2&-(/D,- O k
! a`5%&-*(%*R2-5-'*(%*6)&G-"-*A&%'%"2%
! .&%'%"D)* (%* 0#P)D^%'* '#5A0%'* I5-0Z6/0)* ')2/&)()K* -/* 0#P)D^%'* (/A0)'* %* 2&#A0)'*
I5-0Z6/0)*#"')2/&)()K
! M'2&/2/&)* ()* 5-0Z6/0)E* (%* 6)(%#)* )G%&2)* I&)5#<#6)()* -/* ",-* &)5#<#6)()KE* 6460#6)*
I)&-5R2#6)*-/*",-*)&-5R2#6)K*%*I&)5#<#6)()*-/*",-*&)5#<#6)()K
! .&%'%"D)*(%*P&/A-'*</"6#-")#'?
J'*A&-A&#%()(%'*(%*(#''-0/D,-*(-'* '-0$%"2%'*-&Pc"#6-'* 2%"(%5*)*'%* )6%"2/)&*F/)"2-*
5%"-&* -* "`5%&-* (%* R2-5-'* (%* 6)&G-&"-* A&%'%"2%'* ")* 5-0Z6/0)* %* 6-5* -* 5)#-&* P&)/* (%*
')2/&)D,-* ()'* 5-0Z6/0)'E* -/* '%S)E* 5-0Z6/0)'* #"')2/&)()'* '%* 2-&")5* 5)#'* &%)2#$)'* F/%*
5-0Z6/0)'*')2/&)()'*IMaW1B:a@MaYJ9*uMJ9Yu*!a1YE*ijjiK?
J0Z5*()*)02)*&%)2#$#()(%*)0P/"'*<)2-&%'*',-*6)A)C%'*(%*)/5%"2)&*)*A%/0-'#()(%*(-'*
'-0$%"2%'*-&Pc"#6-';
! W-0)2#0#()(%
! +-0/G#0#()(%*%5*RP/)
! 1"<0)5)G#0#()(%*IMaW1B:a@MaYJ9*uMJ9Yu*!a1YE*ijjiK?
>%* )6-&(-* 6-5* )* A%/0-'#()(%* (%* 6)()* '-0$%"2%* %'2%'* (%$%5* '%&* )&5)C%")(-'*
'%A)&)(-'* (%* -/2&)'* 60)''%'* (%* A&-(/2-'* F/45#6-'* %* (%$%5* '%&* %2#F/%2)(-'* A)&)*5-'2&)&* )'*
A&%6)/D^%'*(%*)&5)C%")5%"2-?
:'* '-0$%"2%'* A-''/%5* /5* A)A%0* #5A-&2)"24''#5-* ")* #"(`'2&#)?*7%&6)* (%* kj* -/*5)#'*
'-0$%"2%'* %'2,-* (#'A-"4$%#'* "-* 5%&6)(-* %5* P&)"(%* %'6)0)E* A)&)* /5)* %"-&5%* $)&#%()(%* (%*
)A0#6)D^%'E* 2)#'* 6-5-;* A&-6%''-'* (%* %[2&)D,-E* 5)2Z&#)OA)* A)&)* <)G)&* -/2&-'* A&-(/2-'*
F/45#6-'E*A&-A%0%"2%'*%5*)%&-''\#'E*")*#"(`'2&#)*(%*2#"2)'E*%5*6-'5Z2#6-'E*%26*IvJvJQJ+ME*
gpolK?
1"2&-(/D,- O n
M"2&%*)'*)2#$#()(%'*F/%*%5A&%P)5*%'2)'*'/G'2c"6#)'E*(%'2)6)5-';
! 15A&%'',-*P&R<#6)
! .&-(/D,-*<)&5)6H/2#6)
! .&-(/D,-*F/45#6)
! .&-(/D,-*(%*2#"2)'E*$%&"#C%'*%*0)6)'
! 9#5A%C)*(-5Z'2#6)*%*#"(/'2&#)0*I(%'%"P&)[%K
! 7-5G/'24$%#'*IP)'-0#")E*F/%&-'%"%E*%26K
! @)2Z&#)'*A)'*IA0R'2#6-'E*%[A0-'#$-'E*%26K
! 1"(`'2&#)*(%*%[2&)D,-*I\0%-'*6-5%'24$%#'E*A%&</5%'E*%26K
!5*(-'*A&#"6#A)#'*A&-G0%5)'*()* #"(`'2&#)*F/45#6)*%'2R*&%0)6#-")(-*6-5*)*/2#0#C)D,-*
(%*'-0$%"2%'*-&Pc"#6-'*I$-0R2%#'*-/*",-K*%5*'%/'*A&-6%''-'E*SR*F/%E*(%A%"(%"(-*(-*'-0$%"2%*
/2#0#C)(-E*'/)*5)"/<)2/&)E*2&)"'A-&2%E*%'2-F/%E*5)"/'%#-*%*(%'6)&2%*&%A&%'%"2)5*)'A%62-'*F/%*
(%5)"()5* 6/#()(-'* %* #"$%'2#5%"2-?* M'2R* "-* c5G#2-* ()*3/45#6)*W%&(%* %'2/()&* %'2&)2ZP#)'
A)&)*5#"#5#C)&*%'2%'*A&-G0%5)'*I+19WJT*8:aM+*8B?EijjgK?
B%6/A%&)D,-*%*(%'6)&2%*(%*'-0$%"2%'*',-*2\A#6-'*</"()5%"2)#'*F/%*A-''/%5*&%0%$)"2%'*
)'A%62-'* %6-"U5#6-'* %* )5G#%"2)#'?* >%$%O'%* -G'%&$)&* F/%* )* ",-* &%6/A%&)D,-* (%* '-0$%"2%'*
)6)&&%2)E*P%&)05%"2%E*/5*5)#-&*6/'2-*%5*2%&5-'*(%*2&)2)5%"2-*(%*%<0/%"2%'*%*-*(%'A%&(46#-*(%*
/5*5)2%&#)0*F/%*A-(%&#)*'%&*&%)A&-$%#2)(-*I+Ja+MWMB1a:E*ijjiK?
!5*'-0$%"2%*F/%*$%5*'%"(-*5/#2-*/2#0#C)(-*Z*-*[#0%"-?*M'2%*'-0$%"2%*Z*)5A0)5%"2%*
/2#0#C)(-*"-'*0)G-&)2\&#-'*N#'2-OA)2-0-P#)'*I6-5-*)P%"2%*(#)<)"#C)(-&*%*(%'A)&)<#")"2%K*)A%')&*
(%* '%/'* (#$%&'-'* %<%#2-'* 2\[#6-'* )-* -&P)"#'5-* %* )-* 5%#-* )5G#%"2%* IJ9Q!3!MB3!M* %2*
)0?EijjnK? >%$#(-* )* P&)"(%* F/)"2#()(%* (%* [#0%"-* 6-"'/5#(-* A-&* N-'A#2)#'* %* 604"#6)'* (%*
)"R0#'%'*2H5O'%*-G'%&$)(-*/5*)/5%"2-*"-*#"2%&%''%*&%0)2#$-*]*'/)*&%6/A%&)D,-*%*&%/2#0#C)D,-?
>%"2&%* -'* 6#"Fr%"2)* A&-(/2-'* F/45#6-'* 5)#'* A&-(/C#(-'* "-'* M'2)(-'* !"#(-'* ()'*
1"2&-(/D,- O h
J5Z)'*%5*gppkE*-*[#0%"-*-6/A-/*)*$#PZ'#5)*2%&6%#&)*A-'#D,-E*6-5*/5)*A&-(/D,-*)"/)0*(%*
)A&-[#5)()5%"2%* lEm* G#0N^%'* (%* f#0-P&)5)'?* :* A&-(/2-* F/45#6-* A&-(/C#(-* %5* 5)#-&*
F/)"2#()(%* <-#* -* R6#(-* '/0<`-E %"F/)"2-E* -* A&-(/C#(-* %5*5%"-&*F/)"2#()(%E* -6/A)"(-* )*
Fr#"F/)PZ'#5)* A-'#D,-* <-#* )* A&-(/D,-* (%* "#2&-G%"C%"-* I7uM@17J9* ~* MaX1aMMB1aX*
aMy+E*ijjnK?
1.3 - Xileno
:* [#0%"-* Z* /5* 04F/#(-* #"6-0-&E* (%* -(-&* 6)&)62%&4'2#6-E* "-6#$-* %* #"<0)5R$%0E* %* )* '/)*
'-0/D,-*6-5%&6#)0*&%'/02)*(%*/5)*5#'2/&)*(%*2&H'*#'U5%&-'*(%*[#0%"-*I<#P/&)*gK*%*%2#0G%"C%"-?*
3/#5#6)5%"2%E*2&)2)O'%*(%*/5*6-5A-'2-*-&Pc"#6-*$-0R2#0E*F/%*A-(%*A&-$-6)&*2-''%E*(-&%'*(%*
6)G%D)E* (#<#6/0()(%'* &%'A#&)2\&#)'E* A%&()* (%* 5%5\&#)* )* 6/&2-* A&)C-E* (%A&%'',-* "-* '#'2%5)*
"%&$-'-*6%"2&)0*%*#&)D^%'*-6/0)&*%*6/2c"%)? I7B:!YM*%2*)0?ijjiK?
_#P/&)*g O*#'U5%&-'*(-*[#0%"-*I)K*-&2-E*IGK*5%2)E*%*I6K*A)&).
:*[#0%"-E*2)5GZ5*6-"N%6#(-*A%0-'*"-5%'*(%*[#0-0E*(#5%2#0G%"C%"-*%*5%2#0*2-0/%"-E*Z*
/5* 04F/#(-* -G2#(-* (-* A%2&\0%-* G&/2-* %* 6-5-* -/2&-'* A%2&-F/45#6-'* (%* P&)"(%* #5A-&2c"6#)*
#"(/'2&#)0E* Z* A&-(/C#(-* A&#"6#A)05%"2%* )2&)$Z'* (-* A&-6%''-* (%* &%<#"-* %* &%<-&5)* (-* A%2&\0%-
*I)K IGK I6K
1"2&-(/D,- O o
Iu!aYE*gppnK?
:'* 2&H'*[#0%"-'* #'-5Z-'*A-(%5*'%&*A&-(/C#(-'*)*A)&2#&*(-*)06)2&,-*A-&*(%'2#0)D,-E*
A-&Z5*'/)*<-"2%*A&#"6#A)0*Z*-*\0%-*6&/?*J*A)&2#&*()*<-"2%*<\''#0*A-(%O'%*-G2%&*/5)*5#'2/&)*(%*
#'U5%&-'*6-"2%"(-*(%*kj*)*nj�*(%*metaO[#0%"-*%*(%*ij*)*ik�*(%*6)()*/5*(-'*#'U5%&-'*orto
%*para*I1By1a*%2*)0?EgpphK?
:* [#0%"-* Z*5/#2-* /2#0#C)(-*%5* 2#"2)'E* )(%'#$-'E* &%$%'2#5%"2-'E* A&-(/2-'* (%* 0#5A%C)E*
A%'2#6#()'E* P)'-0#")E* ")* <)G)D,-* (%* 6-&)"2%'E* ")* A&-(/D,-* (%* R6#(-* G%"C\#6-E* )"#(&#(-*
<2R0#6-*%*(-*R6#(-*2%&%<2R0#6-E*)0Z5*(%*'%&*0)&P)5%"2%*/2#0#C)(-*%5*0)G-&)2\&#-'*%*N-'A#2)#'*A)&)*
)"R0#'%'*A)2-0\P#6)'*%*N#'2-0\P#6)' IQMJ+9MwE*gppiK?
:'* #'U5%&-'* meta* %* para-xileno* A-''/%5* )0P/5)'* A&-A&#%()(%'* 5/#2-* A)&%6#()'?*
7-5-*A-(%*'%&*$#'2-*")*2)G%0)*gE*-*A-"2-*(%*%G/0#D,-E*-*4"(#6%*(%*&%<&)D,-*%*)*(%"'#()(%*(-'*
#'U5%&-'*meta*%*para-xileno*',-*5/#2-*A&\[#5-'?*J*(#<%&%"D)*%"2&%*-'*A-"2-'*(%*%G/0#D,-*(-'*
#'U5%&-'*met)*%*para* %*(-* #'U5%&-*orto*A%&5#2%*F/%*%'2%*'%S)*(%'2#0)(-* '%A)&)()5%"2%*(-'*
-/2&-'*#'U5%&-'?*3/)"(-*-*(%'2#0)(-*%'<&#)E*-*#'U5%&-*para*'%*6&#'2)0#C)E*A%&5#2#"(-*F/%*%0%*
'%S)*'%A)&)(-*(-*#'U5%&-*meta*A-&*6&#'2)0#C)D,-*<&)6#-")() I1By1a*%2*)0?EgpphK?
Y)G%0)*g O*7-"'2)"2%'*<4'#6)'*(-'*#'U5%&-'*(%*[#0%"-?
1+�@MB:+ :BY: @MYJ .JBJ
.-"2-*(%*%G/0#D,-*I�7K
.-"2-*(%*</',-*I�7K
�"(#6%*(%*&%<&)D,-*
I">K�
>%"'#()(%*IP?59OgK
gll
O*ik
gEkjkk
jEooji
gmpEm
O*lhEl
gElphi
jEonli
gmh*d*gmo
gm*O*gl
gElpko
jEongg
�*$)0-&%'*(%*4"(#6%*(%*&%<&)D,-*]*ij�7?_-"2%;*7B7*u)"(G--f*-<*7N%5#'2&V*)"(*.NV'#6'E*hj*2N?
1"2&-(/D,- O p
M5G-&)*N)S)*-/2&)'*)A0#6)D^%'*A)&)*-'*[#0%"-'*")'*#"(`'2&#)'*(%*6-&)"2%'*%*A%&</5)&#)*%*
)A%')&*(%*-*AO[#0%"-*'%&*/2#0#C)(-*6-5-*/5*'-0$%"2%*%*'%&*#5A-&2)"2%*")*<)G)D,-*(%*)0P/"'*
N%&G#6#()'E* F/)'%* )* 2-2)0#()(%* (%* pO[#0%"-* A&-(/C#()* Z* /2#0#C)()* ")* <)G)D,-* (%* R6#(-*
2%&%<2R0#6-*A/&#<#6)(-*I.YJK?*:*.YJ*Z*6-"$%&2#(-*%5*<#G&)'*(%*A-0#Z'2%&E*&%'#")'*%*<#05%'*%*%5*
2%&%<2)0)2-*(%*(#5%2#0)*I>@YK*I1By1a*%2*)0?EgpphK?
J* /2#0#C)D,-* (-* [#0%"-* Z* #"(#'A%"'R$%0* A)&)* )* &%)0#C)D,-* (%* %[)5%'* (%* )")2-5#)*
A)2-0\P#6)*%*6#2-0-P#)E*A-#'*2-&")*-'*2%6#(-'*2&)"'0`6#(-'E*A)&2#6#A)"(-*()*%2)A)*(%*60)&%)5%"2-*
-/*(#)<)"#C)D,-*A%&5#2#"(-*/5)*$#'/)0#C)D,-*(-'*2%6#(-'*]*5#6&-'6-A#) \A2#6)*I8!a3!M1BJT*
7JBaM1B:E*ijjlK?
1.4 - Riscos Químicos em hospitais e laboratórios de anatomia patológica e
histologia
a-*)5G#%"2%*N-'A#2)0)&*',-*5)"/'%)(-'*6-5*<&%FrH"6#)E*(#$%&'-'*A&-(/2-'*F/45#6-'*%*
6-5* #''-* %'2R* A&%'%"2%* ]* A-''#G#0#()(%* (%* &#'6-* F/45#6-E* -* F/)0* A-(%* -6-&&%&* A-&* 6-"2)62-*
(#&%2-* 6-5* -'* A&-(/2-'* %x-/* A-&* #")0)D,-* (%* <)2-&%'* F/45#6-'* (-* )5G#%"2%* I")* <-&5)* (%*
A)&246/0)'E*P)'%'*%*$)A-&%'K?*
7-"'#(%&)"(-*-*2#A-*(%*/2#0#C)D,-*(%'2%'*A&-(/2-'*(%"2&-*(%*/5*N-'A#2)0E*%'2%'*A-(%5*
'%&*)P&/A)(-'*()*'%P/#"2%*<-&5);*
! X)'%'*)"%'2Z'#6-'*%*-/2&-'*P)'%'
! 7#2-'2R2#6-'*-/*(&-P)'*)"2#"%-A0R'#6)'*
! >%'#"<%2)"2%'
! *+-0$%"2%'*-&Pc"#6-'
! :/2&-'*A&-(/2-'*F/45#6-'*IQJa7B:_YT*+YMWMa+EgppjK?
1"2&-(/D,- O gj
a-* P&/A-* (-'* '-0$%"2%'* -&Pc"#6-'* %* -/2&-'* A&-(/2-'* F/45#6-'* %'2R* #"60/'-* /5*
6-"S/"2-*(%*&%)P%"2%'*(%*0)G-&)2\&#-*(-'*F/)#'*A-(%5O'%*(%'2)6)&;*
! u#(&-6)&G-"%2-'*)0#<R2#6-'
! *7%2-")'
! *}06--#'*
! *q#0%"-'
:/2&-'*A&-(/2-'*F/45#6-'
! J6�)5#()E
! Q&-5%2-* (%* %24(%-* I/2#0#C)(-'* ")* %[2&)D,-* (-* J>aK* IQJa7B:_YT*
+YMWMa+EgppjK?
>%"2&%* -'* &%)P%"2%'* 6#2)(-'* )6#5)E* -* [#0%"-* Z* /5* (-'* '-0$%"2%'*5)#'* /2#0#C)(-'* %5*
)"R0#'%'* 604"#6)'* %5* N-'A#2)#'E* S/"2)5%"2%* 6-5* -'* R06--#'?* J* P&)"(%* F/)"2#()(%* /2#0#C)()*
(%'2%'* '-0$%"2%'* <)C* 6-5* F/%* '/)* &%6/A%&)D,-* '%S)* $#R$%0* 2)"2-* %6-"U5#6)* F/)"2-*
)5G#%"2)05%"2%?
J* 5)#-&* A)&2%* (-'* A&-(/2-'* F/45#6-'* /2#0#C)(-'* %5* N-'A#2)#'* A-''/#* )02)*
A%/0-'#()(%* %* 2-[#6#()(%E* )''#5* '%"(-E* "-* '%/*5)"/'%#-* Z* </"()5%"2)0* )* '%"'#G#0#C)D,-*
A)&)* )'* G-)'* A&R2#6)'* (%* 2&)G)0N-E* G%5*6-5-*)* )A0#6)D,-*()'* &%P&)'* ()*P%'2,-*(-'* &%'4(/-'
IaB7E*gppkK?
J*A&%$%"D,-*(-'* &#'6-'* F/45#6-'*A)'')*A%0)* #5A0%5%"2)D,-* (%*5%(#()'* (%*6-"2&-0%*
F/%* A-(%5* '%&* N#%&)&F/#C)()'* (-* '%P/#"2%* 5-(-;* '/G'2#2/#D,-* (-'* )P%"2%'* (%* 5)#-&*
"-6#$#()(%E*5%(#()'*(%*%"P%"N)&#)*I6-"<#")D,-E*$%"2#0)D,-*P%&)0*%*0-6)0#C)()KE*G-)'*A&R2#6)'*
(%* 2&)G)0N-* I2&)(/C#()'* %5* A&-6%(#5%"2-'* F/%* #"60/)5* #"<-&5)D,-* (%* '%P/&)"D)KE*
%F/#A)5%"2-*(%*A&-2%D,-* #"(#$#(/)0*)(%F/)(-E*-&P)"#C)D,-*(-*2&)G)0N-E*'#'2%5)'*(%*)0%&2)*%*
<-&5)D,-*%*#"<-&5)D,-*(%*2-(-'*-'*A&-<#''#-")#' I7:+YJT*7uJWM+E*gplmK?
1"2&-(/D,- O gg
1.5 – Geração do Resíduo de Xileno
J* P%&)D,-* (-* &%'4(/-* (%* [#0%"-* -6-&&%* (%$#(-* )-'* A&-6%(#5%"2-'* &%)0#C)(-'* "-'*
0)G-&)2\&#-'* (%* N#'2-0-P#)E* 6#2-0-P#)* %* A)2-0-P#)* A)&)* (#)P"\'2#6-'* (%* (-%"D)'?* X%&)05%"2%*
%''%'* A&-6%(#5%"2-'* ',-* '%5%0N)"2%'* "-'* (#<%&%"2%'* '%&$#D-'* (%* ')`(%E* 6-5-* N-'A#2)#'E*
604"#6)'*%*0)G-&)2\&#-'*(%*A%'F/#')E*(#<%&%"6#)"(-O'%*)A%")'*")*F/)"2#()(%*(%*&%'4(/-*P%&)(-E*
6-"'%FrH"6#)*()*)02)*(%5)"()*(%*%[)5%'?
M'')'* )"R0#'%'* ',-* "-&5)05%"2%* &%)0#C)()'* )2&)$Z'* ()* A&%A)&)D,-* (%* 0c5#")'* A)&)*
-G'%&$)D,-* 5#6&-'6\A#6)E* )* F/)0* Z* <%#2)* )2&)$Z'* (%* /5* A&-6%(#5%"2-* 6-5* $R&#)'* %2)A)'*
I-G2%"D,-* ()* )5-'2&)E* <#[)D,-E* (%'#(&)2)D,-E* (#)<)"#C)D,-* -/* 60)&%)5%"2-E* #"60/',-* -/*
#5A&%P")D,-E*5#6&-2-5#)E* 6-0-&)D,-* %* 5-"2)P%5K* -"(%* '%* /2#0#C)5* A&-(/2-'* F/45#6-'* %5*
)0P/5)'* %2)A)'E* 6-5-* ")* (%'#(&)2)D,-E* (#)<)"#C)D,-E* %"2&%* -/2&-'* I>B!BwT*
yJ991aXY:aEgpojK?
:*/'-*(%'2%'*A&-(/2-'*F/45#6-'*"-*A&-6%''-*(%*A&%A)&)D,-*()'*0)5#")'*6-"'#'2%*%5;
gK >%'#(&)2)D,-;*2%5*6-5-*<#")0#()(%*)*&%5-D,-*()*RP/)*)2&)$Z'*()*)(#D,-*(%*R06--0*
%240#6-?
iK >#)<)"#C)D,-;* 2%5* 6-5-* -GS%2#$-* &%5-$%&* -* R06--0E* F/%* '/G'2#2/4&)* )* RP/)* "-*
#"2%&#-&* (-'* 2%6#(-'E* A-&* /5* '-0$%"2%* F/%* '%S)E* )-*5%'5-* 2%5A-E* 5#'64$%0* 6-5*
R06--0*%*6-5*)*A)&)<#")?*:*'-0$%"2%*/2#0#C)(-*"%'2%*6)'-*Z*-*[#0%"-E*F/%*Z*#"'-0`$%0*
%5* RP/)E* G%5* '-0`$%0* %5* R06--0* %240#6-* %* A-''/#* 5)#-&* (%"'#()(%* F/)"(-
6-5A)&)(-*6-5*-*R06--0?*
mK 1"60/',-;* 2%5* 6-5-* <#")0#()(%* #5A&%P")&* -'* 2%6#(-'* 6-5* /5)* '/G'2c"6#)* (%
6-"'#'2H"6#)* <#&5%*F/%*A%&5#2)E* %5*%2)A)*A-'2%&#-&* 6-&2RO0-'*%5* <)2#)'* <#")'* A)&)*
(%A-#'*6-&RO0-'E*A-''#G#0#2)"(-*)''#5*)*'/)*$#'/)0#C)D,-*)-*5#6&-'6\A#-T*-*G0-6-*(%*
2%6#(-* '%&R* '/G5%2#(-* )* $R&#)'* 2&-6)'* (%* A)&)<#")* F/%"2%E* F/%* '%* (#''-0$%*
1"2&-(/D,- O gi
A&-"2)5%"2%* "-* [#0%"-?* J* A)&)<#")* (%&&%2#()E* )-* %'<&#)&O'%E* %"(/&%6%* 2-&")"(-* -*
G0-6-*A&%A)&)(-*A)&)*)*5#6&-2-5#)*I:91WM1BJE*ijjhK?
J''#5* 2%5O'%* F/%* )'* %2)A)'* (%* (%'#(&)2)D,-E* (#)<)"#C)D,-* %* #"60/',-* ',-* )'*
&%'A-"'R$%#'*A%0)*P%&)D,-*(-*&%'4(/-*<#")0*6-"2%"(-*[#0%"-E*R06--0*%*A)&)<#")?
1.6 - Gestão e Gerenciamento de Resíduos Químicos
J'*#"(`'2&#)'*',-E*(%*/5*5-(-*P%&)0E*)'*5)#-&%'*P%&)(-&)'*(%*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'*I%5*
2%&5-'* (%* $-0/5%* %* A%/0-'#()(%K* %* )* 5)#-&* A)&6%0)* %'2R* 6-"6%"2&)()* "-* %'2)(-* (%* +,-*
.)/0-E* 6-"'#(%&)()* )* &%P#,-* 5)#'* #"(/'2&#)0#C)()* (-* A)4'?* >%* )6-&(-* 6-5* )* J''-6#)D,-*
Q&)'#0%#&)* (%* M5A&%')'* (%* Y&)2)5%"2-* (%* B%'4(/-'* IJQMYBMK* ',-* P%&)(-'* 6%&6)* (%* iEp*
5#0N^%'* (%* 2-"%0)()'* (%* &%'4(/-'* #"(/'2&#)#'* A%&#P-'-'* )"/)05%"2%* "-* A)4'* %* )A%")'* ii�*
&%6%G%5*2&)2)5%"2-*)(%F/)(- Ia:9J+7:T*YJWJBM+T*QMa>J++:991E*ijjnK?
7-5* #"2/#2-* (%* 6-"'6#%"2#C)&* -'* P%&)(-&%'* (%* &%'4(/-'* %* )/5%"2)&* )* F/)"2#()(%* (%*
&%'4(/-'*2&)2)(-'*)'*P&)"(%'*#"(`'2&#)'*%5*A)&6%&#)*6-5*#"'2#2/#D^%'*(%*%"'#"-*2H5*A&-6/&)(-*
(%'%"$-0$%&*A&-P&)5)'*(%*P%'2,-*%*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'?*
J-*#5A0)"2)&*/5*A&-P&)5)*(%*P%'2,-*%*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*I.XXBKE*'%S)*%5*
/5)*%5A&%')*-/*/"#$%&'#()(%E*$R&#)'*)D^%'*(%$%5*'%&*&%)0#C)()'*'#5/02)"%)5%"2%E*(%*5-(-*)*
2-&")&*)*)2#$#()(%*P%&%"6#)(-&)*A-''4$%0*%*%<#6)C*Ia:9J+7:T*YJWJBM+T*QMa>J++:991E*
ijjnK?
:* A&#"64A#-* GR'#6-* (-* P%&%"6#)5%"2-* (%* &%'4(/-'* Z* 6N)5)(-* (%* &%'A-"')G#0#()(%*
-GS%2#$)E*-/*'%S)E*-*P%&)(-&*(-*&%'4(/-*2-&")O'%*&%'A-"'R$%0*A%0-*5%'5-?*J*0%#*npmoE*(%*mg*(%*
)P-'2-*(%*gpogE*5)#'*6-"N%6#()*6-5-*.-042#6)*a)6#-")0*(-*@%#-*J5G#%"2%E*%'2)G%0%6%*F/%*)*
&%'A-"')G#0#()(%* -GS%2#$)* (#'A%"')* )* A&-$)* (%* 6/0A)* "-* 6)'-* (%* /5* A-''4$%0* ()"-* )-*
1"2&-(/D,- O gm
)5G#%"2%E* -/* '%S)E* A)&)* F/%* /5* A-2%"6#)0* A-0/#(-&* '%S)* A%")0#C)(-E* G)'2)* F/%* '%* A&-$%* /5*
"%[-* (%* 6)/')* %* %<%#2-* %"2&%* )* )2#$#()(%* (%'%"$-0$#()* A-&* /5)* -&P)"#C)D,-* %* /5* ()"-*
)5G#%"2)0?* M5* &%'/5-E* /5* &%'4(/-* A-0/#(-&E* )#"()* F/%* %'2%S)* '%"(-* %5#2#(-* %5*
6-"6%"2&)D^%'*F/%* &%'A%#2%5*-'* 0#5#2%'* %'2)G%0%6#(-'*A%0)* 0%P#'0)D,-*$#P%"2%E* A-(%&R* 6)/')&*
/5* ()"-* )5G#%"2)0E* %* '/S%#2)&* -* 6)/')(-&* (-* ()"-* )-* A)P)5%"2-* (%* /5)* #"(%"#C)D,-E* -/*
2)5GZ5* /5* ()"-* #"(#&%2-* %* (%'(%* F/%* '%S)* A&-$)()* '/)* &%0)D,-* 6-5* )* ()()* #"'2#2/#D,-E* )*
5%'5)*'%&R*&%'A-"')G#0#C)()*I@J7uJ>:E*ijjiK?*
a)* #5A0)"2)D,-* (%* /5* A&-P&)5)* (%* P%&%"6#)5%"2-* (%* &%'4(/-'* (%$%O'%* -G%(%6%&* )*
/5)* %'6)0)* (%* A&#-&#()(%'* I_#P/&)* iK* F/%* %'2#5/0%E* )* A&#"64A#-E* )* A&%$%"D,-* (%* P%&)D,-* (%*
&%'4(/-'E* #'2-* ZE* (%$%O'%* %$#2)&* '%5A&%* F/%* A-''4$%0* )* P%&)D,-?* 1''-* A-(%* '%&* -G2#(-* A%0)*
5-(#<#6)D,-*(%*/5*A&-6%''-*F/)0F/%&*I-/*5Z2-(-*)")042#6-KE*'/G'2#2/#D,-*(%*5)2Z&#)'OA)'*
-/*#"'/5-'*IYJWJBM+T*QMa>J++:991E*ijjkK?
3/)"(-* ",-* Z* A-''4$%0* A&%$%"#&* )* P%&)D,-* (%* &%'4(/-'E* 5/#2)'* $%C%'* Z* A-''4$%0*
5#"#5#CRO0)?*a)*'%FrH"6#)E*(%$%O'%*%'2#5/0)&*-*&%)A&-$%#2)5%"2-*(-*&%'4(/-*#"%$#2)$%05%"2%*
P%&)(-E*-*F/%*A-(%*-6-&&%&*A-&*&%6#60)P%5E*&%6/A%&)D,-*-/*&%/2#0#C)D,-?*B%6#60)&*Z*&%<)C%&*-*
6#60-* A-&* 6-5A0%2-E* $-02)&* ]* -&#P%5E* -/* '%S)E* Z* F/)"(-* (%2%&5#")(-*5)2%&#)0* &%2-&")* 6-5-*
5)2Z&#)* A)* )-* '%/* A&-6%''-* A&-(/2#$-?* B%6/A%&)&* Z* &%2#&)&* (-* &%'4(/-* /5* 6-5A-"%"2%*
%"%&PZ2#6-* (%* #"2%&%''%E* '%S)* A-&* F/%'2^%'* )5G#%"2)#'E* <#")"6%#&)'* -/* )5G)'*
6-"6-5#2)"2%5%"2%?*8R*)* &%/2#0#C)D,-*-/* &%/'-*Z*F/)"(-*/5*&%'4(/-*Z*/2#0#C)(-E* 2)0*F/)0* <-#*
P%&)(-E* %5* /5* A&-6%''-* F/)0F/%&E* (%"2&-* -/* <-&)* ()* /"#()(%* P%&)(-&)* IYJWJBM+T*
QMa>J++:991E*ijjkK?
:*2&)2)5%"2-*Z*)*A%"`02#5)*A&R2#6)*)*'%&*&%)0#C)()E*(%<#"#(-*")*%'6)0)*(%*A&#-&#()(%'E*
A-(%"(-* '%&* F/45#6-E* <4'#6-E* G#-0\P#6-* -/* 2Z&5#6-?* :* 2&)2)5%"2-* G#-0\P#6-* Z* 5)#'
&%6-5%"()(-*A)&)*P&)"(%'*$-0/5%'*(%*&%'4(/-'E*A&#"6#A)05%"2%*-&Pc"#6-'*I-*F/%*",-*Z*-*6)'-*
(%* &%'4(/-'* (%* 0)G-&)2\&#-'K* %* -* 2&)2)5%"2-* 2Z&5#6-* I<&%Fr%"2%5%"2%* )* #"6#"%&)D,-K* Z*
1"2&-(/D,- O gl
6-"'#(%&)(-* (#'A%"(#-'-E* )''#5* -'* 5Z2-(-'* <4'#6-'* %* F/45#6-'* ',-* -'* 5)#'* A&-5#''-&%'?
IYJWJBM+T*QMa>J++:991E*ijjkK?
.-&* <#5E* (%$%O'%* (#'A-&* )(%F/)()5%"2%* -'* &%'4(/-'E* -* F/%* A-(%* '%&* &%)0#C)(-* %5*
)2%&&-'*-/*-/2&-'*0-6)#'*)A&-A&#)(-'*IYJWJBM+T*QMa>J++:991E*ijjkK?
b*#"2%&%'')"2%*"-2)&E*%"2&%2)"2-E*F/%*%'')*N#%&)&F/#)*ZE*")*5)#-&#)*()'*$%C%'E*-G'%&$)()*
"-*'%"2#(-*#"$%&'-E*-*F/%*P%&)05%"2%*#"$#)G#0#C)*)*)2#$#()(%*P%&%"6#)(-&)?
_#P/&)*i d*M'6)0)*(%*A&#-&#()(%'*)*'%&*'%P/#()*F/)"(-*()*#5A0)"2)D,-*(%*/5*.&-P&)5)*(%*X%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*B%'4(/-'? _-"2%;*YJWJBM+*%*QMa>J++:991E*ijjk?
Prevenir a Geração
Modificar ProcessosSubstituir Matérias Primas
Minimizar a Geração
Otimizar ProcessoOtimizar Operação
Reciclar (Matérias Primas)Recuperar (Substâncias)Reutilizar (Matérias, Produtos)
Reaproveitar
QuímicosFísicos BiológicosTérmicos
Tratar
DisporAterrosMinasArmazéns
1"2&-(/D,- O gk
1.6.1 – Gestão e Gerenciamento de Resíduos em Instituições de Ensino e Pesquisa
:*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'*%5*0)G-&)2\&#-'*(%*%"'#"-*%*A%'F/#')*"-*Q&)'#0*
6-5%D-/* )* '%&* )5A0)5%"2%* (#'6/2#(-* "-* <#")0* ()*(Z6)()*(%* pjE* '%"(-* (%* $#2)0* #5A-&2c"6#)*
A)&)*)'*P&)"(%'*#"'2#2/#D^%'*P%&)(-&)'E*#"60/#"(-*)'*/"#$%&'#()(%'*IJ_:a+:*%2*)0?E*ijjmK?
J*)/'H"6#)*(%*/5*\&P,-*<#'6)0#C)(-&E*)*<)02)*(%*$#',-*%*-*(%'6)&2%*#")(%F/)(-*0%$)&)5*
5/#2)'*/"#$%&'#()(%'*)*A-0/#&* -*5%#-*)5G#%"2%E*A&-5-$%& -*(%'A%&(46#-*(%*5)2%&#)0* %*)&6)&*
6-5*5)/*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(-'*A&-(/2-'*'#"2%2#C)(-'*-/*5)"#A/0)(-'*IJ_:a+:*%2*)0?E*ijjmK?
.&-P&)5)'*(%*X%'2,-*%*X%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*B%'4(/-'*I.XXBK*$H5*'%"(-*#5A0)"2)(-'*
%5*$R&#)'* #"'2#2/#D^%'* (%* %"'#"-* %* A%'F/#')E* %5* &%6-"N%6#5%"2-* ]* "%6%''#()(%* (%* )02%&)&* -*
(%'6)'-* A)&)* 6-5* -* )5G#%"2%E* )''-6#)(-* ]* &%'A-"')G#0#()(%* -GS%2#$)* (-* P%&)(-&* %* ]*
6-"'6#H"6#)*(%*'/'2%"2)G#0#()(%*%5*6-"<-&5#()(%*6-5*)*JP%"()*ig I8JB>1@E*gppoK?
:'*A&#"6#A)#'* 6%"2&-'*(%*%"'#"-*%*A%'F/#')*")*R&%)*(%*F/45#6)*%5* 2-(-*5/"(-*$H5*
%'2/()"(-* )02%&")2#$)'* A)&)* P)&)"2#&* )* 6-"2#"/#()(%* (-'* 2&)G)0N-'* '%5* F/%* A)&)* #''-* N)S)* )*
"%6%''#()(%*(%*(%P&)()&*-*5%#-*)5G#%"2%E*-/*'%S)E*%[#'2%* SR*NR*)0P/5*2%5A-*)*A&%-6/A)D,-*
6-5*-*(%'%"$-0$#5%"2-*'/'2%"2R$%0*Ia:9J+7:T*YJWJBM+T*QMa>J++:991E*ijjnK?
J'* )2#$#()(%'* #"%&%"2%'* )-'* .&-P&)5)'* (%* X%'2,-* %* X%&%"6#)5%"2-* (%* B%'4(/-'*
.%&#P-'-'* I.XXB.KE* F/%* N-S%* ',-* )(-2)(-'* %5* #"'2#2/#D^%'* G&)'#0%#&)'E* %'2,-* G)'%)(-'* %5*
%[%5A0-'*(%'%"$-0$#(-'*%5*/"#$%&'#()(%'*(-*%[2%&#-&E*)'*F/)#'*#5A0)"2)&)5*'%/'*.XXB.'*")*
(Z6)()*(%*hj?*J'NG&--N*~*B%#"N)&(2*IgpokK*6#2)5*$R&#)'*#"'2#2/#D^%'*F/%* #5A0)"2)&)5*'%/'*
.XXB.'* )* A)&2#&* (%'2)* (Z6)()E* 6-5-* )* !"#$%&'#()(%* ()* 7)0#<\&"#)E* )* !"#$%&'#()(%* (%*
y#"'6-'#"E* )* !"#$%&'#()(%* (-* M'2)(-* (-* a-$-* @Z[#6-E* )* !"#$%&'#()(%* (%* 100#"-#'* %* )*
!"#$%&'#()(%* (%* @#""%'-2)E* -"(%* <-&)5* %"/5%&)(-'* )A&-[#5)()5%"2%* ijjj* A&-(/2-'*
F/45#6-'*/2#0#C)(-'*%5*&-2#")E*&%'/02)"(-*%5*)5A0)*$)&#%()(%*&%'#(/)0?
1"2&-(/D,- O gn
a)'*#"'2#2/#D^%'*G&)'#0%#&)'*(%*%"'#"-*%*A%'F/#')E*-'*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'*6)&)62%&#C)5O'%*
A-&*)A&%'%"2)&%5*/5*A%F/%"-*$-0/5%E*F/)"(-*6-5A)&)(-*6-5*-'*&%'4(/-'*#"(/'2&#)#'E*A-&Z5*
)A&%'%"2)5*/5)*%0%$)()*(#$%&'#()(%E*-*F/%*(#<#6/02)*)*A)(&-"#C)D,-*()'*<-&5)'*(%*2&)2)5%"2-*
%*(#'A-'#D,-?*I+J++1:YY:E*ijjkK?
J#"()*F/%*%''%*$-0/5%*'%S)*A%F/%"-E*)'*/"#$%&'#()(%'*",-*A-(%5E*"%5*(%$%5*#P"-&)&*
'/)*A-'#D,-*(%*P%&)(-&)'*(%*&%'4(/-'E*SR*F/%*%[%&6%5*A)A%0*</"()5%"2)0*F/)"(-*)$)0#)5*-'*
#5A)62-'* )5G#%"2)#'* A&-$-6)(-'* A-&* -/2&)'* /"#()(%'* P%&)(-&)'* (%* &%'4(/-'* <-&)* (%* '%/'*
0#5#2%'* <4'#6-'*IJ+uQB::vT*BM1auJB>YE*gpokK?*>%'')*<-&5)E*-*",-* 2&)2)5%"2-*(%*'%/'*
A&\A&#-'* &%'4(/-'*5#2#P)&#)* )* 6&%(#G#0#()(%* ()'* /"#$%&'#()(%'* A%&)"2%* )* '-6#%()(%* %* \&P,-'*
A`G0#6-'*6-5A%2%"2%'*I8JB>1@E*gppoK?*
:*5)#-&*G%"%<46#-*A&-A-&6#-")(-*A-&*/5*A&-P&)5)*(%*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*")'*
#"'2#2/#D^%'*(%*%"'#"-*%*A%'F/#')*",-*%'2R*&%0)6#-")(-*)-*2&)2)5%"2-*(-'*&%'4(/-'*P%&)(-'*A-&*
%0)E* 5)'* '#5* "-* 2&%#")5%"2-* (-'* %'2/()"2%'E* 6)A)6#2)"(-O-'* )* 2&)G)0N)&* (%"2&-* (%* "-&5)'*
)A&-A&#)()'*(%*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*A&-(/2-'*F/45#6-'*IJ+uQB::vT*BM1auJB>YE*gpokK?
1.7. Metodologia
1.7.1 – Processo de Reciclagem do Xileno
Q)'%)(-*"-'*A&#"64A#-'*(%*P%'2,-*%*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'*/2#0#C-/O'%*-'*
A&-6%''-'*(%*&%6/A%&)D,-*%*&%6#60)P%5*(-*[#0%"-*6-5-*(%'6-*)*'%P/#&;
1"2&-(/D,- O gh
_#P/&)*m O*_0/[-P&)5)*6-"2%"(-*)'*%2)A)'*()*&%6#60)P%5*(-*[#0%"-?
:*A&-6%''-*'%* #"#6#)*6-5*)*/2#0#C)D,-*(-*[#0%"-*%*6-"'%Fr%"2%* <-&5)D,-*(-*&%'4(/-E*
"%'2%* 6)'-E* %5* 0)G-&)2\&#-'* (%* N#'2-0-P#)* %* A)2-0-P#)?*:* &%'4(/-* Z* %"2,-* )6-"(#6#-")(-* %5*
G-5G-")'* )A&-A&#)()'* IA-0#/&%2)"-K* (%$#()5%"2%* &-2/0)()'* 6-5*)* %2#F/%2)* (-*>#)P&)5)*(%*
u-55%0* (%'6&%$%"(-*-'* 6-&&%2-'* P&)/'*(%* #"<0)5)G#0#()(%E* &#'6-* )* ')`(%* %* &%)2#$#()(%?*a)*
'%FrH"6#)E*-*&%'4(/-*(%$#()5%"2%*)6-"(#6#-")(-*Z*2&)"'A-&2)(-*)2Z*-*0-6)0*-"(%*'%&R*2&)2)(-?*
M'2%*(%$%*'%&*(%'6)&&%P)(-*)(%F/)()5%"2%*I/2#0#C)"(-*6-&&%2)5%"2%*MF/#A)5%"2-'*.&-2%D,-*
1"(#$#(/)0*IM.1�'K*%*)&5)C%")(-*"-*%"2&%A-'2-E*-"(%*(%$%&R*A%&5)"%6%&*A-&*"-*5R[#5-*pj*
(#)'E* )P/)&()"(-* -* 2&)2)5%"2-K?* :* &%'4(/-* (%* [#0%"-* 6-"2)5#")(-* 6-5* R06--0* %* A)&)<#")* Z*
%"2,-* 2&)2)(-* A-&* (%'2#0)D,-* <&)6#-")()E* SR* F/%* %'2%* 5Z2-(-* '%* 5-'2&)* ')2#'<)2\&#-* A)&)*
'%A)&)D,-*(%'2%'*6-5A-"%"2%'?*JA\'*&%'<&#)5%"2-E*-*[#0%"-*2&)2)(-*-/*&%6/A%&)(-*Z*%"$)')(-*
%5* <&)'6-'* (%*$#(&-* c5G)&?* .)&)* $%&#<#6)&* )* %<#6#H"6#)*()*(%'2#0)D,-E* -* [#0%"-* &%6/A%&)(-* Z*
1"2&-(/D,- O go
)")0#')(-*A-&*(#<%&%"2%'*2Z6"#6)'E*6-5-*%'A%62&-<-2-5%2&#)*!WOW#'*%*&%<&)2-5%2&#)?*:*<&)'6-*Z*
%"2,-*(%$#()5%"2%*&-2/0)(-*%*-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*A-(%*$-02)&*)*'%&*/2#0#C)(-?*
1.7.2 - Destilação
!5)*()'*R&%)'*5)#'*#5A-&2)"2%'*A)&)*5#"#5#C)&*-*(%'A%&(46#-*(%*5)2%&#)#'*%"$-0$%*)*
&%6/A%&)D,-* (%* '-0$%"2%'* A-&* A&-6%''-'* 2Z6"#6-'?* M[#'2%5*5/#2-'* A&-6%(#5%"2-'* /')(-'* ")*
#"(`'2&#)E*")*A%'F/#')E*")*/"#$%&'#()(%*%*%5*0)G-&)2\&#-'*N-'A#2)0)&%'*"-'*F/)#'*-'*'-0$%"2%'*
',-* /')(-'* ")* %[2&)D,-E* )"R0#'%'* %* A&%A)&-* (%* )5-'2&)'* %* A-'2%&#-&5%"2%* (%'6)&2)(-'* '%5*
"%"N/5)*2%"2)2#$)*(%*&%6/A%&)D,-?*:'*'-0$%"2%'*-&Pc"#6-'*',-*-'*6-5A-"%"2%'*5)#'*/')(-'*
"%'2%'* A&-6%(#5%"2-'* %* (%$%5* '%&* &%6/A%&)(-'* -/* (#'A-'2-* (%* 5)"%#&)* )5G#%"2)05%"2%*
'%P/&)?*J*$)&#%()(%*(%* '-0$%"2%'*/2#0#C)(-'* Z*5/#2-*P&)"(%?*}06--#'*%*N#(&-6)&G-"%2-'E* 2)#'*
6-5-* [#0%"-* %* '%/'* #'U5%&-'* ',-* &-2#"%#&)5%"2%* /')(-'* %5* )"R0#'%'* N#'2-0\P#6)'* %*
A)2-0\P#6)'?*M5*5/#2-'*6)'-'*-6-&&%*)*5#'2/&)*(%*$R&#-'*'-0$%"2%'E*-*F/%*2-&")5*5)#'*(#<46#0*)*
'/)*&%6/A%&)D,-*I_:BQM+E*gphjK?
a)* 2%"2)2#$)* (%* %$#2)&* -* (%'A%&(46#-* %* )* 5R* (#'A-'#D,-* (%'2%'* '-0$%"2%'E* $R&#-'*
A%'F/#')(-&%'E* $H5* 2%"2)"(-* (%'%"$-0$%&E* (%'(%* gphkE* 5Z2-(-'* 5)#'* %<#6)C%'* A)&)* '/)*
&%6/A%&)D,-*%*&%/2#0#C)D,-?*M5*5/#2-'*6)'-'E*2%$%O'% 6-5-*&%'/02)(-*<#")0E*)*&%6/A%&)D,-*(%*
'-0$%"2%'* 6-5* A/&%C)* '/<#6#%"2%* A)&)* '%/* &%2-&"-* )-* A&-6%''-* P%&)(-&* %* %5* -/2&-'E* )*
F/)"2#()(%*<#")0*)*'%&*(#'A-'2)* <-#*&%(/C#()E*'%"(-*%'2%'*'-0$%"2%'*&%/2#0#C)(-'*%5*A&-6%''-'*
F/%*%[#P%5*5)2%&#)#'*6-5*5%"-&*P&)/*(%*A/&%C)*IBM1auJB>YT*9M:aJB>T*J+uQB::vE*
ijjjK?
:* 5Z2-(-* 5)#'* /2#0#C)(-* %* F/%* )A&%'%"2)* 5%0N-&%'* &%'/02)(-'* A)&)* '%A)&)D,-* (%*
'-0$%"2%'*-&Pc"#6-'*Z*)*(%'2#0)D,-?*J*(%'2#0)D,-*2%5*6-5-*<#")0#()(%*)*'%A)&)D,-*(%*5#'2/&)'*
1"2&-(/D,- O gp
(%*04F/#(-'*$-0R2%#'*-/*'-0/D^%'*%*'%*G)'%#)*"-*<)2-*(%*F/%*6)()*'/G'2c"6#)*2%5*/5*A-"2-*(%*
%G/0#D,-*6)&)62%&4'2#6-?*M5*2%&5-'*A&R2#6-'E*F/)"(-*2%5-'*(/)'*-/*5)#'*'/G'2c"6#)'*<-&5)"(-*
/5)*5#'2/&)* 04F/#()E* )* (%'2#0)D,-*A-(%* '%&* /5*5Z2-(-* )(%F/)(-*A)&)* A/&#<#6RO0)'* G)'2)"(-*
F/%*2%"N)5*$-0)2#0#()(%'*&)C-)$%05%"2%*(#<%&%"2%'*%"2&%*'#*I>M+Y19Jzt:E*ijjoK?
J''#5* '%"(-E* A-(%O'%* (%<#"#&* )* (%'2#0)D,-* 6-5-* /5* A&-6%''-* <4'#6-* (%* '%A)&)D,-E*
G)'%)(-*")*(#<%&%"D)*(%*2%5A%&)2/&)'*(%*%G/0#D,-*%"2&%*6-5A-'2-'*6-%[#'2%"2%'*"/5)*5#'2/&)?
J*(%'2#0)D,-*Z*/5*5Z2-(-*(%*'%A)&)D,-*%[2%"')5%"2%*%'2/()(-*I-'*A%#&-'*%'2/(-'*
6#%"24<#6-'* %* (-6/5%"2)(-'* '/&P#&)5* )"2%'* ()* #()(%*5Z(#)* %* ()2)5* A-&* $-02)* (-* )"-* ojjK*
'%"(-* /2#0#C)()* 2)"2-* ")'* )&2%'* F/%* %"$-0$%5* -* 2&)2)5%"2-* %* )* 2&)"'<-&5)D,-* (%*5)2%&#)#'*
F/)"2-* A-&* %'2/(#-'-'* F/%* G/'6)$)5* )<#&5)&* -/* %0)G-&)&* #(Z#)'* '-G&%* )* 6-5A-'#D,-* ()*
5)2Z&#)*IQM9YBJaE*gppnK?
M[#'2%5* (-#'* 2#A-'* GR'#6-'* (%* (%'2#0)D,-E* )* (%'2#0)D,-* '#5A0%'E* 2)5GZ5* 6N)5)()*(%*
(%'2#0)D,-*(#<%&%"6#)0E*%*)*(%'2#0)D,-*<&)6#-")()?*
1.7.3 – Destilação Simples ou Diferencial
M'2%*2#A-*(%*(%'2#0)D,-*6-"'#'2%*%5*)A%")'*/5)*%2)A)*(%*$)A-&#C)D,-*%*6-"(%"')D,-*%*
'%*(R*)2&)$Z'*(-* )F/%6#5%"2-*(%*/5* 04F/#(-* )2Z*)* <-&5)D,-*(-*$)A-&*(-* 6-5A-"%"2%*5)#'*
$-0R2#0?*J*$)A-&#C)D,-*'%*(R*A%0-*&RA#(-*)/5%"2-*()*2%5A%&)2/&)*-/*A%0)*&%(/D,-*()*A&%'',-*
"-*G)0,-*(%*(%'2#0)D,-E*-"(%*)*5#'2/&)*)*'%&*A/&#<#6)()*%'2R*#"#6#)05%"2%?*:*$)A-&*P%&)(-*"-*
G)0,-* (%* (%'2#0)D,-* Z* #5%(#)2)5%"2%* &%'<&#)(-* "-* 6-"(%"')(-&?* :* 04F/#(-* 6-"(%"')(-E*
2)5GZ5* 6N)5)(-* (%* (%'2#0)(-E* Z* )&5)C%")(-* "-* G)0,-* 6-0%2-&?* :* '#'2%5)* (%* (%'2#0)D,-*
'#5A0%'* Z* )A&%'%"2)(-* ")* <#P/&)* lE* )* '%P/#&* IBM1auJB>YT* 9M:aJB>T* J+uQB::vE*
ijjjK?
1"2&-(/D,- O ij
_#P/&)*l O +#'2%5)*(%*(%'2#0)D,-*'#5A0%'.
:'* (%'2#0)(-'* -G2#(-'* ")* (%'2#0)D,-* '#5A0%'* ",-* '%* )A&%'%"2)5* 2-2)05%"2%* A/&-'E*
)A%")'*5)#'* 6-"6%"2&)(-'* (-* F/%*")*5#'2/&)* -&#P#")0?* .)&)*-G2%&* P&)/'*(%*A/&%C)* 6)()* $%C*
5)#-&%'E* A-(%5O'%* &%)0#C)&* '/6%''#$)'* (%'2#0)D^%'?* 7-5-* %'2%* A&-6%''-* Z* (%5-&)(-* %*
2&)G)0N-'-E*/2#0#C)O'%*%5*'%/*0/P)&*)*(%'2#0)D,-*<&)6#-")()?
1.7.4 – Destilação Fracionada
a%'2%* 2#A-* (%* (%'2#0)D,-* )* '%A)&)D,-* (-'* 6-5A-"%"2%'* Z* &%)0#C)()* A-&* '/6%''#$)'*
$)A-&#C)D^%'*%*6-"(%"')D^%'*A&-A-&6#-")"(-*/5*(%'2#0)(-*6-5*5)#-&*P&)/*(%*A/&%C)?*.)&)*
Condensador
Balão de Destilação
Balão Coletor
Termômetro
Manta de Aquecimento
1"2&-(/D,- O ig
&%)0#C)&* )'* $)A-&#C)D^%'* '/6%''#$)5%"2%*(%*5)"%#&)*5)#'* &RA#()* %* %<#6#%"2%* /2#0#C)O'%* 6-5-*
<%&&)5%"2)*A&#"6#A)0*/5)*6-0/")*(%*<&)6#-")5%"2-*I<#P/&)*kKE*6-5-*A-&*%[%5A0-E*)*6-0/")*(%*
W#P&%/[?
J* 5#'2/&)* )* '%&* A/&#<#6)()* Z* 6-0-6)()* "-* G)0,-* (%* (%'2#0)D,-E* A&-5-$%O'%* -*
)F/%6#5%"2-E* A&-A-&6#-")"(-* )* <-&5)D,-* (%* $)A-&* F/%"2%* F/%* '-G%* A%0)* 6-0/")* %* $)#* '%*
&%'<&#)"(-*)-*0-"P-*(%'2)*%*)6)G)*A-&*6-"(%"')&O'%?*7-5*)*6-"(%"')D,-*<-&5)O'%*/5*04F/#(-E*
F/%*%'6-&&%*A%0)*6-0/")*%5*(#&%D,-*]*<-"2%*(%*6)0-&?*M'2%*6#60-*(%*$)A-&#C)D,-*%*6-"(%"')D,-*
-6-&&%* &%A%2#()'* $%C%'* )-* 0-"P-* (%* 2-(-* -* 6-5A%"2-* ()* 6-0/")* IBM1auJB>YT*
9M:aJB>T*J+uQB::vE*ijjjK?
:'* $R&#-'* -G'2R6/0-'* #"'2)0)(-'* ")* 6-0/")* <-&D)5* -* 6-"2)2-* %"2&%* $)A-&* F/%"2%*
)'6%"(%"2%* %* -* 04F/#(-* 6-"(%"')(-* (%'6%"(%"2%?* J* </"D,-* (%'2%'* -G'2R6/0-'* Z* A&-5-$%&*
$R&#)'* %2)A)'* (%* $)A-&#C)D,-* %* 6-"(%"')D,-?* 1''-* ")()* 5)#'* Z* (-* F/%* /5)* '#5/0)D,-* (%*
'/6%''#$)'* (%'2#0)D^%'* '#5A0%'?* 3/)"2-* 5)#-&* )* F/)"2#()(%* (%* %'2RP#-'* (%* $)A-&#C)D,-* %*
6-"(%"')D,-* %* F/)"2-*5)#-&* )* R&%)* (%* 6-"2)2-* %"2&%* 04F/#(-* %* $)A-&* "-* #"2%&#-&* ()* 6-0/")E*
5)#'*6-5A0%2)*Z*)*'%A)&)D,-*%*5)#'*A/&#<#6)(-*'%&R*-*(%'2#0)(-?*
M'2%'*%'2RP#-'*(%*$)A-&#C)D,-*%*6-"(%"')D,-*A-(%5*'%&*&%A&%'%"2)(-'*A%0-*%F/#04G&#-*
04F/#(-O$)A-&* IA&)2-* 2%\-K* %*-*"`5%&-*(%* %F/#04G&#-'* '/6%''#$-'*Z* &%A&%'%"2)(-*A-&*a?*J*
%<#6#H"6#)*()*6-0/")*Z*(%'6)*%5*&%0)D,-*)-*"`5%&-*(%*A&)2-'*2%\-'*%*-*'%/*6-5A%"2-?*
3/)"2-* 5)#-&* -* "`5%&-* (%* A&)2-'* 2%\-'E* 5)#-&* '%&R* )* %<#6#H"6#)* ()* 6-0/")* IsJaJYJT*
ijjkK?
1"2&-(/D,- O ii
_#P/&)*k O*+#'2%5)*(%*(%'2#0)D,-*<&)6#-")()?
1.7.5 – Espectrofotometria de UV-Vis
@/#2)'* 5-0Z6/0)'* -&Pc"#6)'* %* P&/A-'* </"6#-")#'* ',-* 2&)"'A)&%"2%'* )* &%P#^%'* (-*
%'A%62&-*%0%2&-5)P"Z2#6-*F/%*6N)5)5-'*(%*/02&)$#-0%2)*I!WK*%*$#'4$%0*IW1+KE*F/%*Z*)*&%P#,-*
6-5A&%%"(#()* %"2&%* gpj"5* )* ojj"5?* 3/)"(-* /5)* &)(#)D,-* 6-"24"/)* A)'')* )2&)$Z'* (%* /5*
5)2%&#)0*2&)"'A)&%"2%E*F/%*%'2%S)*%5*/5)*6%0)*(%*)5-'2&)*(%*F/)&2C-E*/5)*A)&2%*()*&)(#)D,-*
A-(%* '%&* )G'-&$#()?* +%* #''-* -6-&&%E* )* &)(#)D,-* &%'#(/)0E* F/)"(-* Z* A)'')()* )2&)$Z'* (%* /5*
Condensador
Balão de Destilação
Balão Coletor
Termômetro
Manta de Aquecimento
Coluna de Fracionamento
1"2&-(/D,- O im
A&#'5)E*A&-(/C*/5*%'A%62&-*6-5*<%"()'*6N)5)(-*(%*%'A%62&-*(%*)G'-&D,-?*7-5-*&%'/02)(-*()*
)G'-&D,-* (%* %"%&P#)E* R2-5-'* -/*5-0Z6/0)'* A)'')5* (%* /5* %'2)(-* (%* G)#[)* %"%&P#)* I%'2)(-*
</"()5%"2)0K*A)&)*/5*%'2)(-*(%*5)#-&*%"%&P#)*I%'2)(-*%[6#2)(-K?*J*&)(#)D,-*%0%2&-5)P"Z2#6)*
F/%* Z* )G'-&$#()* 2%5* %"%&P#)* %[)2)5%"2%* #P/)0* ]* (#<%&%"D)* %"2&%* -'* %'2)(-'* %[6#2)(-* %*
</"()5%"2)0?* 7-5-* )* %"%&P#)* )G'-&$#()* Z* F/)"2#C)()E* -* %'A%62&-* F/%* '%* -&#P#")* (%* /5)*
2&)"'#D,-*%0%2&U"#6)*(%$%&#)*6-&&%'A-"(%&*)*/5)*0#"N)*`"#6)*%*(#'6&%2)?*1'2-*",-*'%*6-"<#&5)E*SR*
F/%*]* )G'-&D,-*%0%2&U"#6)* '/A%&A^%5O'%*-'* '/G"4$%#'* &-2)6#-")#'*%*$#G&)6#-")#'E* -&#P#")"(-E*
%"2,-E*)'*G)"()'*(%*)G'-&D,-*F/%*A-''/%5*A-'#D,-*6-&&%'A-"(%"2%*)-*6-5A%"2-*(%*-"()*
6/S)* %"%&P#)* Z* #P/)0* ]* %"%&P#)* "%6%''R&#)* A)&)* F/%* -6-&&)* )* 2&)"'#D,-* %0%2&U"#6)
I+19WMB+YM1aT*Q:a9MBT*@:BB19E*gpplK?
J*#"2%"'#()(%*(%*/5)*)G'-&D,-*A-(%*'%&*%[A&%'')*%5*2&)"'5#2c"6#)*IYKE*(%<#"#()*6-5-*
Y*�*1*x1jE*-"(%*1j*Z*)*#"2%"'#()(%*()*%"%&P#)*&)(#)"2%*F/%*#"6#(%*")*)5-'2&)*%*1*Z*)*#"2%"'#()(%*
(%* &)(#)D,-* F/%* %5%&P%* ()* )5-'2&)?* !5)* %[A&%'',-* 5)#'* 6-"$#"6%"2%* Z* -G2#()* ()* 9%#* (%*
9)5G%&2OQ%%&* F/%* &%0)6#-")* )* 2&)"'5#2c"6#)* 6-5* )* %'A%''/&)* ()* 6%0)* (%* )5-'2&)* %* )*
6-"6%"2&)D,-*()'*%'AZ6#%'*F/%*)G'-&$%5;
A= log 10 ( I / I0) = k.c.b
:"(%* f* Z* #P/)0* ]* 6-"'2)"2%* 6)&)62%&4'2#6)* (-* '-0/2-E* 6* Z* )* 6-"6%"2&)D,-* (-* '-0/2-E* G* Z* -*
6-5A%"2-*(-*6)5#"N-*\2#6-*)2&)$Z'*()*)5-'2&)*%*J*Z*)*)G'-&Gc"6#)?*3/)"(-*6*Z*%[A&%''-*
%5*5-0%'?*9*Og*%*-*6-5A%"2-*(-*6)5#"N-*\2#6-*%5*6%"245%2&-'E*)*%[A&%'',-*)6#5)*2-&")O
'%E*
J�*#?*G?6
J* #"2%"'#()(%*(%*/5)*G)"()*(%*)G'-&D,-*%5*/5*%'A%62&-*"-*!WOW1+*Z*/'/)05%"2%*
%[A&%'')* 6-5-* )G'-&2#$#()(%* 5-0)&* "-* 5R[#5-* (%* )G'-&D,-E* # 5R[#5-* -/* 0-P* gj* I# 5R[#5-K?*
1"2&-(/D,- O il
3/)"(-*",-*'%*6-"N%6%*-*5)2%&#)0*F/%*)G'-&$%E*A-(%d'%*%[A#&*)*#"2%"'#()(%*(%*)G'-&D,-*
6-5-E
#g65g��*J*x*6?G
-"(%*6*Z*#P/)0*]*6-"6%"2&)D,-*%5*Pxgjj*59*%*G*Z*-*6)5#"N-*\2#6-*)2&)$Z'*()*)5-'2&)*%5*65*
IB:7uJT*YM1qM1BJE*ijjlK?
1.7.6 - Refratometria
:*4"(#6%*(%*&%<&)D,-*Z*/5)*()'*A&-A&#%()(%'*5)#'*#5A-&2)"2%'*(%*/5)*'/G'2c"6#)*%*A-&*
#''-* %[#'2%5* $R&#-'* A&#"64A#-'* %*5Z2-(-'* F/%* A-(%5* '%&* /2#0#C)(-'* ")* '/)* (%2%&5#")D,-?*J*
%'6-0N)* (%* /5* 2#A-* (%* &%<&)2-5%2&#)* %5* A)&2#6/0)&* (%A%"(%* ()* 6-5A)&)D,-* %"2&%* )'*
%'A%6#<#6)D^%'* (-* '#'2%5)* %* ()* %[#PH"6#)* ()* )"R0#'% I1+u1X!BMEgppnT* QJBY:91* %2* )0?E*
gpppK?
J* &%<&)2-5%2&#)* Z* /5)* #5A-&2)"2%* <%&&)5%"2)* ")* )"R0#'%* (%* 04F/#(-'E* ")* 5%(#()* ()*
6-"6%"2&)D,-*%*A/&%C)*(%*'-0/D^%'?*J*5%(#()*(-*4"(#6%*(%*&%<&)D,-*Z*6-5/5%"2%*/2#0#C)()*"-*
6-"2&-0%*(%*F/)0#()(%*%5*#"(`'2&#)'*F/45#6)'E*(%*G%G#()'E*(%*A&-6%'')5%"2-*(%*)0#5%"2-'E*(%*
6-'5Z2#6-'E* (%* A&-6%'')5%"2-* (%* \0%-'* 5#"%&)#'* %* $%P%2)#'E* <)&5)6H/2#6)'E* (%* 6%0/0-'%* %*
A)A%0E* (%* A-045%&-'E* %"2&%* -/2&)'T* A-(%"(-* '%&* /2#0#C)()'* ")* (%2%&5#")D,-* (-* 6-"2%`(-* (%*
)D`6)&* %5* '-0/D^%'E* (-* 4"(#6%* (%* &%<&)D,-* (%* $#(&-'* \2#6-'E* ()* A/&%C)E* 6-"6%"2&)D,-* %*
(#'A%&',-*(%*'-0/D^%'E*()*6-"6%"2&)D,-*(%*A-045%&-'*"/5)*5#'2/&)*G#"R&#)E*%26*I+JaY1JX:*
aMY:T*@Ma>:azJT*9M+7uME*ijjiK?
J* &%<&)2-5%2&#)* Z* )* 2Z6"#6)* (%* )"R0#'%* F/%* 5%(%* -* 4"(#6%* (%* &%<&)D,-* )2&)$Z'* ()'*
(#'A%&'^%'* (%* 04F/#(-'* 2&)"'A)&%"2%'* -/* 2&)"'0`6#(-'* %* '\0#(-'?* J* 5%(#()* (-* c"P/0-* (%*
1"2&-(/D,- O ik
&%<&)D,-*G)'%#)O'%*")*5/()"D)*(%*(#&%D,-*I&%<&)D,-K*F/%*)*0/C*5-"-6&-5R2#6)*'-<&%E*F/)"(-*
A)'')* (%* /5*5%#-* A)&)* -/2&-E* -* F/)0* A-(%* '%&*5)#'* -/*5%"-'* (%"'-* F/%* -* A%#&-?* M'')*
$)&#)D,-*(%* &%<&)D,-* )6-"2%6%* 6-5*)*5/()"D)*(-* 6-5A%"2-*(%*-"()* ()* 0/C* %5A&%P)()E*
6-5* )* 2%5A%&)2/&)E* 6-5* )* A&%'',-* I"-* 6)'-* ()'* 5%(#()'* (%* 4"(#6%* (-'* P)'%'KE* 6-5* )*
6-"6%"2&)D,-*I"-*6)'-*(%*/5)*'-0/D,-K*%*6-5*)*")2/&%C)*F/45#6)*()*)5-'2&)*IQJBY:91*%2*
)0?E*gpppK?
:* &%<&)2U5%2&-* Z* /5* #"'2&/5%"2-* '#5A0%'* F/%* A-(%* '%&* /')(-* A)&)* 5%(#&*
6-"6%"2&)D^%'*(%*'-0/D^%'*)F/-')'E*6-"'/5#"(-*)A%")'*/5)'*A-/6)'*P-2)'*()*'-0/D,-?*a%'2%*
6)'-*'%*-G2Z5*-'*c"P/0-'*(%*&%<&)D,-*2&)"'<-&5)(-'*%5*$)0-&%'*(%*4"(#6%'*(%*&%<&)D,-*I">K?
:*4"(#6%*(%*&%<&)D,-*Z*/5)*A&-A&#%()(%*<4'#6)*#5A-&2)"2%*(%*'\0#(-'E*04F/#(-'*%*P)'%'?*
J*5%(#()*(%'2%*4"(#6%*A-(%*'%&*/')()*A)&)*6)&)62%&#C)&E*#(%"2#<#6)&E*#"(#6)&*-*P&)/*(%*A/&%C)*%*
A)&)*(%2%&5#")&*)*6-"6%"2&)D,-*(%*/5)*'-0/D,-*IQJBY:91*%2*)0?E*gpppK?
1.7.7 – Cromatografia Gasosa
>#<%&%"2%'* 2Z6"#6)'* 6&-5)2-P&R<#6)'* ',-* /2#0#C)()'* ")* )"R0#'%* (%* 6-5A-'2-'* $-0R2%#'E*
%5*A)&2#6/0)&E*)*6&-5)2-P&)<#)*P)'-')*I7XK*Z*/')()*")*'%A)&)D,-*()*5#'2/&)*%5*6-5A-"%"2%'*
#"(#$#(/)#'*I+7uBM1MBE*gpolT*QBJ1YuyJ1YMT*+@1YuE*gppnK?
M'2)*2Z6"#6)*(%*'%A)&)D,-*G)'%#)O'%*")*(#'2&#G/#D,-*(-'*6-5A-"%"2%'*()*)5-'2&)*%"2&%*
)* <)'%* %'2)6#-")&#)* I'\0#(-* -/* 04F/#(-K* %* /5)* <)'%* 5\$%0* IPR'KE* '%"(-* )A0#6)()* )* P)'%'* %*
6-5A-'2-'*$-0)2#0#CR$%#'?*:*PR'*()*<)'%*5\$%0*2%5*)*<#")0#()(%*(%*2&)"'A-&2)&*)'*5-0Z6/0)'*)*
'%&%5* '%A)&)()'* )2&)$Z'* ()* 6-0/")E* '%"(-* A-&* #''-* 6-"N%6#(-* 6-5-* PR'* (%* )&&)'2%* -/* PR'*
6)&&%P)(-&?*I+7uBM1MBE*gpolT*QBJ1YuyJ1YMT*+@1YuE*gppnK?
1"2&-(/D,- O in
>%A%"(%"(-* ()* ")2/&%C)* ()* <)'%* %'2)6#-"R&#)E* )* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)* P)'-')* A-(%* '%&*
(#$#(#()*%5*6&-5)2-P&)<#)*PR'O'\0#(-*I7X+K*%*6&-5)2-P&)<#)*PR'O04F/#(-*I7X9K?*a)*7X+*)*
<)'%* %'2)6#-"R&#)* Z* /5* '\0#(-* (%* P&)"(%* R&%)* '/A%&<#6#)0E* /'/)05%"2%* /5* )('-&$%"2%* 6-5-*
6)&$,-*$%P%2)0E* '40#6)*P%0*-/*A%"%#&)*5-0%6/0)&?*J*)('-&D,-*(#<%&%"6#)0*(-'*6-5A-"%"2%'*()*
5#'2/&)*)*'%&*'%A)&)()*'-G&%*)*'/A%&<46#%*'\0#()*Z*)*G)'%*A)&)*)*'%A)&)D,-*6&-5)2-P&R<#6)*")*
7X+E*)*F/)0*Z*P%&)05%"2%*%5A&%P)()*")*'%A)&)D,-*(%*P)'%'*6-5-*aiE*:iE*7:*%*-/2&-'?*a)*
7X9* )* <)'%* %'2)6#-")&#)* Z* /5)* A%046/0)* (%0P)()* 04F/#()E* )* F/)0* &%6-G&%* /5* '\0#(-* #"%&2%*
(%"-5#")(-*'/A-&2%?*a%'2%*6)'-E*)*<)'%*%'2)6#-"R&#)*'%*%"6-"2&)*)6-"(#6#-")()*(%"2&-*(%*/5)*
6-0/")E*A-&*5%#-*()*F/)0*-*PR'*(%*)&&)'2%*<0/#*6-"2#"/)5%"2%?*J'*5-0Z6/0)'*()*)5-'2&)*#&,-*
(#'2&#G/#&O'%*%"2&%*-*PR'*(%*)&&)'2%*%*)*<)'%*04F/#()?*J'*%'AZ6#%'*5)#'*'-0`$%#'*")*<)'%*04F/#()*
A%&5)"%6%&,-* 5%"-'* 2%5A-* ")* <)'%* P)'-')* %E* 6-5-* 6-"'%FrH"6#)E* #&,-* (%'0-6)&O'%* 5)#'*
0%"2)5%"2%*A%0)*6-0/")*IQBJ1YuyJ1YMT*+@1YuE*gppnK?
a)*6&-5)2-P&)<#)*P)'-')*6-"$%"6#-")0E*)*F/)0*/2#0#C)*6-0/")'*%5A)6-2)()'E*-*A&-6%''-*
6&-5)2-P&R<#6-*Z*0#5#2)(-*A%0)*(#</',-*0%"2)*()'*5-0Z6/0)'*)-*&%(-&*()'*A)&246/0)'*(-*'/A-&2%*
%* (%"2&-* (%* '%/'* A-&-'?* J2/)05%"2%* )* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)* /2#0#C)* 6-0/")* 6)A#0)&* F/%* Z* /5* 2/G-*
0-"P-E*(%*(#5%"'^%'* 6)A#0)&%'* IP%&)05%"2%*(%*$#(&-E* (%*5%2)0*-/*(%* '40#6)* </"(#()KE*-"(%* )*
<)'%* %'2)6#-"R&#)* Z* /5* 04F/#(-* %'A)0N)(-*")* '/A%&<46#%* #"2%&")* ()* 6-0/")E* '%"(-* %'2)* )G%&2)*
I",-* %5A)6-2)()K?* a%''%* 2#A-* (%* 6-0/")E* -* PR'* (%* )&&)'2%* %* )'* 5-0Z6/0)'* ()* )5-'2&)*
%"6-"2&)5*/5*6)5#"N-*)G%&2-* '%5* &%'2&#D^%'*)-* 0-"P-*()*6-0/")?*J*(#</',-*()'*5-0Z6/0)'*
(%"2&-* %* <-&)* ()* <)'%* %'2)6#-")&#)* Z*5/#2-*5)#-&* (-* F/%*"-* 6)'-*()'* 6-0/")'* %5A)6-2)()'E*
-"(%*-*'/A-&2%*'\0#(-*</"6#-")*6-5-*/5*�-G'2R6/0-�*]*(#</',-*()*)5-'2&)*%*(-*PR'*(%*)&&)'2%?*
7-5-*6-"'%FrH"6#)E*)'*6-0/")'*6)A#0)&%'*)A&%'%"2)5*5%0N-&*&%'-0/D,-*I-/*'%S)E*/5)*5%0N-&*
'%A)&)D,-* (-'* 6-5A-"%"2%'* ()* )5-'2&)K* %* "-&5)05%"2%* /5* 2%5A-* (%* )"R0#'%* 5%"-&*
IX!1:7u:aT*X!199M@1aE*gpooK?
1"2&-(/D,- O ih
:*A&-6%''-*6&-5)2-P&R<#6-*)6-"2%6%*)-*'%&*#"2&-(/C#()*)*)5-'2&)*")*6-0/")*)2&)$Z'*(%*
/5* #"S%2-&E* -"(%* -* PR'* (%* )&&)'2%* <0/#* %* 6)&&%P)* )* )5-'2&)?*:* 6-5A-"%"2%* ()* )5-'2&)* 6/S)*
)<#"#()(%* A%0)* <)'%* %'2)6#-"R&#)* Z*5)#-&E* P)'2)*5)#'* 2%5A-* A)&)* '%&* %0/4(-* F/%* )F/%0%* 6/S)*
#"2%&)D,-*Z*5%"-&?*a%''%*A&-6%''-*(%*'%A)&)D,-* 2)5GZ5*Z*6-"'#(%&)(-*-*A-"2-*(%*%G/0#D,-*
(-* 6-5A-"%"2%E* A-#'* %'2%* Z* /5* <)2-&* (%2%&5#")"2%* "-* 2%5A-* (%* %0/#D,-?*7-"'#(%&)"(-*F/%*
(-#'*6-5A-"%"2%'*(%*/5)*5#'2/&)* 2%"N)5*)*5%'5)*)<#"#()(%*A%0)* <)'%* %'2)6#-"R&#)E*)F/%0%*
F/%* 2#$%''%* 5)#-&* A-"2-* (%* %G/0#D,-* P)'2)* /5* 2%5A-* (%* %0/#D,-* 5)#-&?* IX!1:7u:aT*
X!199M@1aE*gpooK?
!5* (%2%62-&* Z* 6-"%62)(-* ")* ')4()* ()* 6-0/")E* -"(%* Z* 6-"'2)2)()* )* %<#6#H"6#)* ()*
'%A)&)D,-*A%0-*6&-5)2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-?*:*(%2%62-&*Z*-*A&#"6#A)0*&%'A-"'R$%0*A%0)*F/)"2#()(%*
54"#5)*(%*'/G'2c"6#)*)*'%&*(%2%62)()*%*)*6-0/")*A%0)*F/)"2#()(%*5R[#5)?*J*P&)"(%*5)#-&#)*
(-'* 6&-5)2\P&)<-'* )* PR'* %5* -A%&)D,-* "-* 5/"(-* ',-* %F/#A)(-'* 6-5* /5* (-'* '%P/#"2%'*
(%2%62-&%';*6-"(/2#$#()(%*2Z&5#6)E*#-"#C)D,-*(%*6N)5)*%*6)A2/&)*(%*%0Z2&-"'?
J''#5E*)*6&-5)2-P&)<#)*A%&5#2%*(%2%&5#")&*F/)0#2)2#$)*%*F/)"2#2)2#$)5%"2%E*)'*<&)D^%'*
#"(#$#(/)#'*-G2#()'*"-'*6&-5)2-P&)5)'?*M"2&%2)"2-E*'%*-6-&&%5*5/()"D)'*")*6-5A-'#D,-*"-*
6/&'-*()*6&-5)2-P&)<#)* (%$#(-*]E*A&#"6#A)05%"2%E* #"<0/H"6#)'* 2Z&5#6)'E* -'* &%'/02)(-'*A-(%5*
#"6-&&%&* %5* %&&-'?* .)&)* %$#2)&* %''%* 2#A-* (%* A&-G0%5)* Z* "%6%''R&#-* -* )S/'2%* ()'* 6-"(#D^%'* %*
A)&c5%2&-'* (-* 5Z2-(-E* (%* 5)"%#&)* F/%* '%* -G2%"N)* )* 5%0N-&* &%'-0/D,-* %"2&%* -'* A#6-'* %* )*
5%0N-&*<-&5)*(-'*&%'/02)(-'*I9JazJ+E*gppmK?
1.7.8 – Cromatografia Gasosa Acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas
J*%'A%62&-5%2&#)*(%*5)'')'*Z*/5)*2Z6"#6)*/')()*A)&)*-*%'2/(-*()'*5)'')'*(%*R2-5-'E*
5-0Z6/0)'*-/*<&)P5%"2-'*(%*5-0Z6/0)'?
1"2&-(/D,- O io
a)*2Z6"#6)*(%* #5A)62-*(%*%0Z2&-"'*I1?MKE*/5*%'A%62&U5%2&-*(%*5)'')'*G-5G)&(%#)*)'*
5-0Z6/0)'*")*<)'%*$)A-&*6-5*/5*<%#[%*(%*%0Z2&-"'*(%*)02)*%"%&P#)E*/'/)05%"2%*(%*hj*%W?*:*
%$%"2-* 5)#'* '#5A0%'* F/%* -6-&&%* Z* )* &%5-D,-* (%* /5* %0Z2&-"* ()* 5-0Z6/0)* #'-0)()E* 6-5*
<-&5)D,-*(%*/5*4-"*5-0%6/0)&E*/5*6R2#-"*&)(#6)0*I@!�K?*:'*4-"'*-G2#(-'*',-*)6%0%&)(-'*A-&*
/5* 6)5A-* %0Z2-E* %* '%A)&)(-'?*:* &%'/02)(-* Z* %"2,-* &%P#'2&)(-* 6-5-* /5* %'A%62&-* (%* 4-"'*
'%A)&)(-'*(%*)6-&(-*6-5*)*&)C,-*%"2&%*'/)*5)'')*%*'/)*6)&P)*%0Z2)E*5xC*I+19WMB+YM1aT*
yMQ+YMBE*ijjjK?*
!5*%'A%62&-*(%*5)'')'*Z*/5*P&R<#6-*F/%*6-"2%5*)'*5)'')'*(-'*<&)P5%"2-'*A-'#2#$-'E*
%5*'/)'* 6-"6%"2&)D^%'* &%0)2#$)'?*:*A#6-*5)#'* #"2%"'-* (-*%'A%62&-* Z* 6N)5)(-*(%*A#6-* G)'%E*
2%5* )&G#2&)&#)5%"2%* )* #"2%"'#()(%* (%* gjj�?*J'* #"2%"'#()(%'* (-'* (%5)#'* A#6-'E* #"60/#"(-* -*
A#6-* (-* 4-"*5-0%6/0)&* )A)&%6%5* 6-5-* <&)D^%'* (-* A#6-* G)'%* I+19WMB+YM1aT*yMQ+YMBE*
ijjjK?
J'*A&#"6#A)#'*)A0#6)D^%'*()*%'A%62&-5%2&#)*(%*5)'')'*IM@K*',-*I7:B>M1B:EgppnK;
)K (%2%&5#")&*)*5)'')*5-0%6/0)&E*)*F/)0*A%&5#2%*(%(/C#&*)*<-&5/0)*5-0%6/0)&T
GK #(%"2#<#6)D,-*(-'*6-5A-'2-'*%0/4(-'*A-&*/5*'#'2%5)**6&-5)2-P&R<#6-T
6K (%2%6D,-*(%*6-5A-'2-'*6-"N%6#(-'*%5*G)#[-'*"4$%#'*(%*6-"6%"2&)D,-T
(K )S/()* ")* (%2%&5#")D,-* %'2&/2/&)0E* A%0)* )"R0#'%* (-* A#6-* G)'%* Igjj�K* %* (-* 4-"*
5-0%6/0)&*I@�K?
!5*'#'2%5)*5/#2-*/2#0#C)(-*A)&)*)"R0#'%*(%*)5-'2&)*Z*-*/'-*(%*/5*%'A%62&U5%2&-*(%*
5)'')'E* F/%* </"6#-")* 6-5-* (%2%62-&E* )6-A0)(-* )* /5* 6&-5)2\P&)<-* )* PR'?* a%'2)* 2Z6"#6)*
6-"N%6#()*6-5-*7XxM@E*-*PR'*(%*)&&)'2%*%5%&P%"2%*(-*6&-5)2\P&)<-*Z*2&)"'<%&#(-*)2&)$Z'*(%*
/5)*$R0$/0)*(%"2&-*(%*/5*2/G-E*-"(%*%0%*A)'')*A-&*/5)*<%"()*5-0%6/0)&?*!5)*A)&2%*(-*<0/[-*
(%*PR'*Z*%"2,-* 2&)"'<%&#()*A)&)*(%"2&-*()*6c5)&)*(%* #-"#C)D,-*(-*%'A%62&U5%2&-*(%*5)'')'?*
7)()* A#6-* %0/4(-* ()* 6-0/")* 6&-5)2-P&R<#6)* Z* G-5G)&(%)(-* 6-5* /5)* <-"2%* #-"#C)"2%E*
6-"'%P/#"(-*<&)P5%"2)&*-*6-5A-'2-*%5*/5)*P&)"(%*(#$%&'#()(%*(%*4-"'E*F/%*',-*'%A)&)(-'*%*
1"2&-(/D,- O ip
&%P#'2&)(-'* (%* )6-&(-* 6-5* '/)'* &)C^%'* 5xC?* I@6aJ1BE* gpphT* 7:991a+T* QBJXJT*
Q:aJY:E*gpphT*9JazJ+E*gppmK?*
a-*'#'2%5)*I7XxM@K*Z*"%6%''R&#-*-*/'-*(%*/5)*&RA#()*$)&&%(/&)*A%0-*%'A%62&U5%2&-*
(%* 5)'')'?* :* #"'2&/5%"2-* (%$%* (%2%&5#")&* -* %'A%62&-* (%* 5)'')'* (%* 6)()* 6-5A-"%"2%* ")*
5#'2/&)E*'%A)&)(-*A%0)*6-0/")*6&-5)2-P&R<#6)E*)"2%'*5%'5-*(-*A&\[#5-*6-5A-"%"2%*%"2&)&*")*
6c5)&)* (%* #-"#C)D,-E* (%* 5)"%#&)* F/%* /5)* '/G'2c"6#)* ",-* '%S)* 6-"2)5#")()* A%0)* A&\[#5)*
<&)D,-*)"2%'*F/%*'%/*%'A%62&-*2%"N)*'#(-*-G2#(-*IW19MXJ+E*gpphK?
7-5*'#'2%5)*7XxM@*Z*A-''4$%0*2)5GZ5*)")0#')&*/5)*5#'2/&)*%*6-"(/C#&*/5)*G/'6)*
%5* /5)* G#G0#-2%6)* (%* ()(-'* %[#'2%"2%'* "-* '#'2%5)E* A-(%"(-* (%'2)* 5)"%#&)* A&-6/&)&* 6)()*
6-5A-"%"2%*()*5#'2/&)*A-&*2%"2)2#$)*%*6-5A)&)D^%'*IW19MXJ+E*gpphK?
M[#'2%5*"-*5%&6)(-*$R&#)'*%5A&%')'*F/%*-<%&%6%5*-*6-"S/"2-*6&-5)2-P&R<#6-*(%*PR'O
%'A%62&-5%2&#)* (%* 5)'')'* I7XxM@KE* )6-A0)(-* )2&)$Z'* (%* /5)* #"2%&<)6%* F/%* )/5%"2)* )*
6-"6%"2&)D,-* ()* )5-'2&)* "-* PR'* (%* )&&)'2%E* )A&-$%#2)"(-* )* 5)#-&* (#</'#G#0#()(%* (-* PR'?* J*
$%0-6#()(%*(%*$)&&%(/&)*Z*P&)"(%*-*'/<#6#%"2%*A)&)*A%&5#2#&*)*-G2%"D,-*(%*(#$%&'-'*%'A%62&-'*
(%*5)'')'E*A-&*A#6-*%0/4(-*"-*6&-5)2\P&)<-*IX!1:7u:aT*X!199M@1aE*gpooK?*J*6-"%[,-*
(#&%2)* (%* 6-0/")'* 6)A#0)&%'* (%* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)* P)'-')* )-* %'A%62&U5%2&-* (%* 5)'')'* '%5* )*
#"2%&<)6%*(%*%"&#F/%6#5%"2-*A%&5#2%*$R&#)'*$)&&%(/&)'*(%*5)'')'*&RA#()'*%5*A-"2-'*(#<%&%"2%'*
(%* /5* A#6-* 6&-5)2-P&R<#6-E* (%*5-(-* )* 2%'2)&* '/)* N-5-P%"%#()(%?*>%''%*5-(-E* Z* A-''4$%0*
&%'-0$%&*A#6-'*6&-5)2-P&R<#6-'*A)&6#)05%"2%*'/A%&A-'2-'?*J''#5E*)*%'A%62&-5%2&#)*(%*5)'')'*
)6-A0)()* ]* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)* P)'-')* <-&"%6%* )'* <&)P5%"2)D^%'* (-'* 6-5A-"%"2%'* #"(#$#(/)#'*
'%A)&)(-'*IJ>J@+E*gppkK?
:GS%2#$-*O mj
2 – OBJETIVOS
:*-GS%2#$-*(%'2%*2&)G)0N-*6-"'#'2%*%5*)A&%'%"2)&*-'*&%'/02)(-'*(%*2-(-*-*A&-6%''-*()*
&%6/A%&)D,-* %* &%6#60)P%5* (-* [#0%"-* A&-$%"#%"2%* (%* 0)G-&)2\&#-'* (%* N#'2-0-P#)* %* A)2-0-P#)E*
)$)0#)"(-*)*$#)G#0#()(%*(%'2%*2&)2)5%"2-E*2)"2-*"-'*)'A%62-'*)5G#%"2)#'*F/)"2-*%6-"U5#6-'?*
J0Z5*(#''-E*2%5*-*#"2/#2-*(%*</"()5%"2)&*6-"N%6#5%"2-'*&%0)6#-")(-'*)*A&-P&)5)'*(%*
P%'2,-*%*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'?*
.&-6%(#5%"2-*M[A%%"2)0*O mg
3 - PROCEDIMENTO EXPERIMENTAL
3.1 – Destilação
a%'2%*2&)G)0N-*-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*/2#0#C)(-*<-#*P%&)(-*"-'*0)G-&)2\&#-'*(%*A)2-0-P#)*%*
6#2-0-P#)* (-* u-'A#2)0* !"#$%&'#2R&#-* (%* +,-* .)/0-* %* '/)* &%6/A%&)D,-* %* &%6#60)P%5 <-&)5
&%)0#C)()'*)2&)$Z'*(-*A&-6%''-*(%*(%'2#0)D,-*<&)6#-")()*"-*9)G-&)2\&#-*(%*B%'4(/-'*3/45#6-'*
()*!"#$%&'#()(%*(%* +,-* .)/0-E* 6)5A/'*+,-*7)&0-'?* _-#* /2#0#C)(-* /5* '#'2%5)*(%* (%'2#0)D,-*
6-"2%"(-* /5)* 5)"2)* (%* )F/%6#5%"2-E* /5* G)0,-* $-0/5Z2-* (%* (/)'* G-6)'* (%* gj9E* /5)*
6-0/")*$#P&%/[E*/5*G)0,-*6-0%2-&E*/5*6-"(%"')(-&*)6-A0)(-*)*/5*'#'2%5)*(%*&%<&#P%&)D,-*%*
&%6#&6/0)D,-*(%*RP/)*%*(-#'* 2%&5U5%2&-'* 0-6)0#C)(-'*")*A)&2%*'/A%&#-&*(-*G)0,-*%*()*6-0/")
I_#P/&)*nK?
_#P/&)*n O*_-2-*(-*'#'2%5)*(%*(%'2#0)D,-*<&)6#-")()*#5A0)"2)(-*"-*9)G-&)2\&#-*(%*B%'4(/-'*3/45#6-' O7)5A/'*+,-*7)&0-'?
.&-6%(#5%"2-*M[A%%"2)0*O mi
M5*6)()*(%'2#0)D,-*<-&)5*/2#0#C)(-'*)A&-[#5)()5%"2%*o9*(%*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-E*-*F/)0*
<-#* #"2&-(/C#(-*"-*G)0,-*6-5*-*)/[40#-*(%*/5*</"#0*(%*$#(&-?*:*)F/%6#5%"2-*(-*'#'2%5)*<-#*
<%#2-*A%0)*5)"2)*%*<-&)5*6-0%2)()'*<&)D^%'*(%*R06--0E*RP/)*%*[#0%"-*%5*(#<%&%"2%'*2%5A%&)2/&)'*
(%*)6-&(-*6-5*-*<0/[-P&)5)*)*'%P/#&;*I_#P/&)*hK
_#P/&)*h O*_0/[-P&)5)*(-*A&-6%''-*(%*(%'2#0)D,-*(-*[#0%"-?
J'*<&)D^%'*6-0%2)()'*(/&)"2%*)*(%'2#0)D,-*<-&)5*)")0#')()'*A-&*%'A%62&-<-2-5%2&#) (%*
!WOW#'E* &%<&)2-5%2&#)E* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)* P)'-')* %* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)* P)'-')* )6-A0)()* ]*
%'A%62&-5%2&#)*(%*5)'')'?
g=*_&)D,-*ho�7
i=*_&)D,-*po�7
m=*_&)D,-*gmh�7
*****.)&)<#")
}06--0*�*q#0%"-
}P/)*�*}06--0*
q#0%"-
Processo de Destilação do Xileno
.&-6%(#5%"2-*M[A%%"2)0*O mm
3.2 – Espectrofotometria de UV-Vis
a%'2%* 2&)G)0N-* <-&)5* /2#0#C)()'* A)&)* )"R0#'%* %5* M'A%62&-<-2-5%2&#)* (%* !$OW#'* )'*
<&)D^%'* (%* [#0%"-* 6-0%2)()'* ")* (%'2#0)D,-* <&)6#-")()?* .)&)* -G2%"D,-* (%* A)&c5%2&-'* A)&)*
6-5A)&)D,-* (-'* &%'/02)(-'* <-&)5* )")0#')()'* 2)5GZ5* )5-'2&)'* (-* &%'4(/-* (%* [#0%"-* ",-*
2&)2)(-*%*(%*[#0%"-*A)(&,-?*:*[#0%"-*A)(&,-*/2#0#C)(-*A)&)*2-()'*)'*)"R0#'%'*<-#*A&-(/C#(-*A%0)*
+V"2N*%*)A&%'%"2)*P&)/*(%*A/&%C)*.?J?
:* %F/#A)5%"2-* /2#0#C)(-* <-#* /5* %'A%62&-<-2U5%2&-* () 5)&6)* 8)'6-* 5-(%0-* WOnmjE*
-"(%*)'*)5-'2&)'E*)A\'*&%'<&#)5%"2-E*<-&)5*#"'%&#()'*6-5*)/[40#-*(%*/5)*6/G%2)*(%*F/)&2C-*
6-5*6)5#"N-*\2#6-*(%*g*65*%*)*)G'-&D,-*<-#*5%(#()*%5*6-5A%"2-'*(%*-"()*%"2&%*gpj*%*
njj"5?
3.3 – Refratometria
J'* 5%'5)'* <&)D^%'* (%* [#0%"-* /2#0#C)()'* ")* %'A%62&-<-2-5%2&#)* (%* !WOW#'* <-&)5*
)")0#')()'*A-&* &%<&)2-5%2&#)E*-/*'%S)E* <-&)5*)")0#')()'*)'* <&)D^%'*(%*[#0%"- &%6/A%&)(-*%*)'*
)5-'2&)'*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-*%*-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-?*J*5%(#()*(-*4"(#6%*(%*&%<&)D,-*
<-#*<%#2)*6-5*)'*)5-'2&)'*6-0%2)()'*")*(%'2#0)D,-*<&)6#-")()E*)A\'*&%'<&#)5%"2-E*/2#0#C)"(-O'%*
/5* &%<&)2U5%2&-* (#P#2)0* (%* G)"6)()* ()* 5)&6)* J2)P-E* 5-(%0-* B[* d! "###$%* (-2)(-* (%* /5*
'#'2%5)* &%<&#P%&)D,-E* 6)A)C* (%* %'2)G#0#C)&* )* 2%5A%&)2/&)* )* ij�7?* JA\' )* %'2)G#0#C)D,-* ()*
2%5A%&)2/&)*)* )5-'2&)* <-#* #"'%&#()*"-* &%<&)2U5%2&-* %*-'*()(-'* 6-0%2)(-'* <-&)5*6-5A)&)(-'*
6-5*()(-'*2%\-'*A)&)*$%&#<#6)&*)*%<#6#H"6#)*(-*A&-6%''-*(%*(%'2#0)D,-?
.&-6%(#5%"2-*M[A%%"2)0*O ml
3.4 – Cromatografia Gasosa
a%'2%* 2&)G)0N-* )'* )5-'2&)'* )")0#')()'* A-&* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)* P)'-')* <-&)5* )'* <&)D^%'*
6-0%2)()'* (%* [#0%"-* &%6/A%&)(-* %* R06--0* �* [#0%"-E* )0Z5* ()'* )5-'2&)'* (%* [#0%"-* A)(&,-* %*
&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-?*:*6&-5)2\P&)<-*/2#0#C)(-*<-#*()*5)&6)*+N#5)(C/*5-(%0-*X7*d
ijgj* 6-5* (%2%62-&* (%* #-"#C)D,-* (%* 6N)5)* >17* -/* _1>* d I_0)5%* 1-"#C)2#-"* >%2%62-&KE*
)6-A0)(-*)*/5*#"S%2-&*)/2-5R2#6-*()*+N#5)(C/*5-(%0-*J:7*d*ij#?*J*6-0/")*/2#0#C)()*<-#*)*
BYq*d*k@+*I6-0/")*6)A#0)&*(%*'40#6)*</"(#()*(%*mj5*(%*6-5A%"2-E*jEik*55*(%*(#c5%2&-*
#"2%&"-*%*jEik$5*(%*%'A%''/&)*(%*<#05%K?*:*PR'*(%*)&&)'2%*/2#0#C)(-*<-#*-*N#(&-PH"#-E*6-5*/5*
<0/[-*(%*g59x5#"? :*A&-P&)5)*(%*2%5A%&)2/&)*/2#0#C)(-*<-#*/5)*&)5A)*(%*)F/%6#5%"2-*6-5*
2%5A%&)2/&)* #"#6#)0* (%* lj�7* A-&* i* 5#"/2-'* '%P/#()* (%* %0%$)D,-* (%* k�7x5#"* )2Z* )2#"P#&* )*
2%5A%&)2/&)* (%* gij�7?* :* 2%5A-* 2-2)0* ()* 6-&&#()* 6&-5)2-P&R<#6)* <-#* (%* go* 5#"/2-'?* J'*
2%5A%&)2/&)'* (-* #"S%2-&* %* (%2%62-&* <-&)5* (%* ioj�7?* J'* )5-'2&)'* <-&)5* #"S%2)()'* "-*5-(-*
�'A0#2�*")*A&-A-&D,-*(%*kj;g*2%"(-*'#(-*#"'%&#(-*g59*(%*)5-'2&)*"-*<&)'6-*2#A-*$#)0?
3.5 – Cromatografia Gasosa Acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas
a)'* (%2%&5#")D^%'* $#)* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)* P)'-')* )6-A0)()* ]* %'A%62&-5%2&#)* (%* 5)'')*
<-&)5*)$)0#)()'*)'*5%'5)'*<&)D^%'*/2#0#C)()'*A)&)*)*6&-5)2-P&)<#)*P)'-')*I[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*
%*R06--0*�*[#0%"-*%*[#0%"-*A)(&,-*%*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-K?*:*%F/#A)5%"2-*/2#0#C)(-*<-#*
/5*6&-5)2\P&)<-*)*PR'*)6-A0)(-*)*/5*%'A%62&U5%2&-*(%*5)'')*()*5)&6)*+N#5)(C/*5-(%0-*
X7*d*3.ijgj*.0/'*)6-A0)(-*)*/5*#"S%2-&*)/2-5R2#6-*()*+N#5)(C/*5-(%0-*J:7*d*kjjj?*J
6-0/")*/2#0#C)()*<-#*)*BYq*d*g*@+*I6-0/")*6)A#0)&*(%*'40#6)*</"(#()*(%*mj5*(%*6-5A%"2-E*
jEik*55 (%*(#c5%2&-*#"2%&"-*%*jEik$5*(%*%'A%''/&)*(%*<#05%K?*:*PR'*(%*)&&)'2%*/2#0#C)(-*<-#*-*
.&-6%(#5%"2-*M[A%%"2)0*O mk
NZ0#-E* 6-5* /5* <0/[-* (%* g59x5#"E* 5-(-* (%* )"R0#'%* +7Ja* I$)&&%(/&)* (%* %'A%62&-'K? :*
A&-P&)5)*(%*2%5A%&)2/&)*/2#0#C)(-*<-#*/5)*&)5A)*(%*)F/%6#5%"2-*6-5*2%5A%&)2/&)*#"#6#)0*(%*
lj�7* A-&* g* 5#"/2-* '%P/#()* (%* %0%$)D,-* (%* k�7x5#"* )2Z* )2#"P#&* )* 2%5A%&)2/&)* (%* nj�7* %*
%0%$)D,-*(%*gj�7x5#"*)2Z*)2#"P#&*)*2%5A%&)2/&)*(%*gij�7*")*F/)0*A%&5)"%6%/*A-&*k*5#"/2-'?**
:*2%5A-*2-2)0*()*6-&&#()*6&-5)2-P&R<#6)*<-#*(%*gn*5#"/2-'?*J*2%5A%&)2/&)*(-* #"S%2-&* <-#*(%*
ipj�7E*)*2%5A%&)2/&)*()*<-"2%*(%*4-"'*<-#*(%*ikj�7*%*)*2%5A%&)2/&)*()*#"2%&<)6%*<-#*(%*mjj�7?*
_-#*/2#0#C)(-*/5*(%2%62-&*(%*#5A)62-*(%*%0Z2&-"'*%*-*5-(-*(%*)"R0#'%*<-#*A-&*N%)('A)6%?*
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',-*O mn
4 – RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
7-5-*(#2-*)"2%&#-&5%"2%E*)'* <&)D^%'*6-0%2)()'*(/&)"2%* )*(%'2#0)D,-* <-&)5*)")0#')()'*
A-&*%'A%62&-<-2-5%2&#)*(%*/$O$#'E*&%<&)2-5%2&#)E*6&-5)2-P&)<#)*P)'-')*%*6&-5)2-P&)<#)*P)'-')*
)6-A0)()*]*%'A%62&-5%2&#)*(%*5)'')?
4.1 – Espectrofotometria de UV-Vis
_-&)5*)")0#')()'*A-&*%'A%62&-<-2-5%2&#)*(%*!WOW#'*)'*<&)D^%'*(%*[#0%"-*6-0%2)()'*")*
(%'2#0)D,-*<&)6#-")()E*)5-'2&)'*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-*%*(%*[#0%"-*A)(&,-E*)*<#5*(%*
6-5A)&)&*'/)'*)G'-&D^%'*%*)$)0#)&*)*A/&%C)*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*A)&)*6%&2#<#6)D,-*(%*F/%*%'2%*
A-'')*'%&*&%/2#0#C)(-?
!2#0#C)"(-* %'2)* 2Z6"#6)* <-#* -G'%&$)(-* F/%* -* [#0%"-* )A&%'%"2)* /5* A#6-* (%* )G'-&D,-*
#"2%"'-*%5*ipj*"5E*F/%*A-(%*'%&*)2&#G/4(-*)*2&)"'#D^%'*% & %�*I+19WMB+YM1aT*QJ++9MBT*
@:BB19E*gpplK?*:'*%'A%62&-'*(%*)G'-&D,-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-E*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-*%*(-*[#0%"-*
&%6/A%&)(-*',-*)A&%'%"2)(-'*)*'%P/#&*")'*<#P/&)'*oE*p*%*gj*&%'A%62#$)5%"2%?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',-*O mh
!"" #"" $"" %"" &""
"
'
!
#
$
%
&
()*+,)-./01234516
/+78,079.:+2;92+.;123.76
_#P/&)*o O M'A%62&-'*(%*)G'-&D,-*"-*/02&)$#-0%2)*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-*")*&%P#,- (%*gpj*)*njj"5?
!"" #"" $"" %"" &""
<'
"
'
!
#
$
%
&
()*+,)-./01234516
/+78,079.:+2;92+.;123.76
_#P/&)*p - M'A%62&-'*(%*)G'-&D,-*"-*/02&)$#-0%2)*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-*")*&%P#,-*(%*gpj*)*njj"5?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',-*O mo
!"" #"" $"" %"" &""
<'
"
'
!
#
$
%
&
()*+,)-./01234516
/+78,079.:+2;92+.;123.76
_#P/&) gj - M'A%62&-'*(%*)G'-&D,-*"-*/02&)$#-0%2)*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*")*&%P#,-*(%*gpj*)*njj"5?
!"" #"" $"" %"" &""
<'
"
'
!
#
$
%
&
()*+,)-./01234516
/+78,079.:+2;92+.;123.76
2=0>9.+2:,1:1;+
2=0>9.+281;,?+
2,9*@;4+2;92=0>9.+2.?+2:,1:1;+
_#P/&)*gg O +-G&%A-'#D,-*(-'*%'A%62&-'*(%*)G'-&D,-*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*I'KE*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*I'K*%*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-*I'K?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',-*O mp
:G'%&$)O'%E* A%0)* '-G&%A-'#D,-* (-'* %'A%62&-'* I<#P/&)* ggKE* F/%* -* &%'4(/-* &%6/A%&)(-
)A&%'%"2)*)G'-&D,-*G%5*A&\[#5)*)-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-E*-G'%&$)"(-O'%*/5*0#P%#&-*(%'0-6)5%"2-*()*
)G'-&D,-*A)&)*)*(#&%#2)E*-*F/)0*A-(%*'%&*)2&#G/4(-*]*A&%'%"D)*(%*2&)D-'*(%*R06--0*%*A)&)<#")*")*
)5-'2&)*(%*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-?
>%$#(-* )-* (%'0-6)5%"2-* -G'%&$)(-* "-'* %'A%62&-'* (%* )G'-&D,-* ",-* Z* A-''4$%0*
%$#(%"6#)&* )* %<#6#H"6#)* (-* 2&)2)5%"2-* (%* &%6/A%&)D,-* A&-5-$#(-* )2&)$Z'* ()* (%'2#0)D,-*
<&)6#-")()E* A)&)* 2)"2-* '%&,-* &%)0#C)()'* )"R0#'%'* A-&* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)* P)'-')* %* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)*
P)'-')*)6-A0)()*]*%'A%62&-5%2&#)*(%*5)'')'?
4.2 – Refratometria
:/2&)* 2Z6"#6)* /2#0#C)()* "%'2%* 2&)G)0N-* <-#* )* &%<&)2-5%2&#)?*a%'2)* 2Z6"#6)* '%* /2#0#C)* -'
4"(#6%'*(%*&%<&)D,-*2%\-'*(-'*#'U5%&-'*(%*[#0%"-*I-&2-E*5%2)E*A)&)K*]*ij�7*6-5-*A)&c5%2&-*
")* 6-5A)&)D,-* 6-5* -'* $)0-&%'* -G2#(-'* %[A%%"2)05%"2%E* A)&)* $%&#<#6)D,-* ()* A/&%C)* (-*
[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-?*:'*$)0-&%'*2%\-'*(%*4"(#6%*(%*&%<&)D,-*A)&)*-'* 2&H'*#'U5%&-'*(%*[#0%"-*
',-*)A&%'%"2)(-'*")*2)G%0)*i?
*********************Y)G%0)*i O*�"(#6%'*(%*&%<&)D,-*(-'*#'U5%&-'*(%*[#0%"-?
Índices de refração dos isômeros de xileno à 20ºC
orto-xileno meta-xileno para-xileno
Índice de refração (!D) gEkjkl gElphi gElpko
*** _-"2%;*7B7*u)"(G--f*-<*7N%5#'2&V*)"(*.NV'#6'E*hj*2N*
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',-*O lj
_-&)5*-G2#(-'*%[A%%"2)05%"2%*-'*4"(#6%'*(%*&%<&)D,-*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-E*(-*&%'4(/-*
(%*[#0%"-*%*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*I2)G%0)*mK
****Y)G%0)*m O*�"(#6%'*(%*&%<&)D,-*()'*)5-'2&)'*(%*[#0%"-?
Índices de refração do xileno padrão, do resíduo de xileno e do xileno recuperado à 20ºC
Xileno padrão Resíduo de xileno Xileno recuperado
Índice de refração
(!D)******gElpmi ***********gElokn ************gElpli
.%0-'* $)0-&%'* (%* 4"(#6%'* (%* &%<&)D,-* -G2#(-'* A)&)* )'* )5-'2&)'* (%* [#0%"-* )")0#')()'*
-G'%&$)O'%*F/%*%5*2-(-'*-'*6)'-'*-6-&&%*/5)*5#'2/&)*(-'*2&H'*#'U5%&-'*(%*[#0%"-*'%"(-*F/%E
-'*$)0-&%'*(-*4"(#6%*(%*&%<&)D,-*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-*%*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*)A&-[#5)5O'%*5)#'*
(-'*$)0-&%'*(-*#'U5%&-*A)&)T*%*F/%*"-*6)'-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-*(%$%*N)$%&*/5)*
F/)"2#()(%*'#P"#<#6)2#$)*(%*R06--0*")*)5-'2&)*-*F/%*A&-A-&6#-")*/5)*$)&#)D,-*"-* 4"(#6%*(%*
&%<&)D,-*-G2#(-?
a%'2%*6)'-*A-(%O'%*-G'%&$)&*F/%*-*$)0-&*(-* 4"(#6%*(%* &%<&)D,-*(-*[#0%"-* &%6/A%&)(-
)A&-[#5)O'%*'#P"#<#6)2#$)5%"2%*(-*$)0-&*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-*-*F/%*#"(#6)*/5*)02-*P&)/*(%*A/&%C)*
(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-E*A%&5#2#"(-*)''#5E*F/%*%'2%*'%S)*&%/2#0#C)(-?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O lg
4.3 - Cromatografia Gasosa
J'* )"R0#'%'* 6&-5)2-P&R<#6)'* <-&)5* &%)0#C)()'* ")* 2%"2)2#$)* (%* %0/6#()&* -'* 6-5A-'2-'*
A&%'%"2%'*")'*)5-'2&)'*(%*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*%*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*%*)")0#')&*F/)0#2)2#$)5%"2%*-'*
#'U5%&-'*(%*[#0%"-*A&%'%"2%'?*
_-&)5*)")0#')()'*A-&* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)* P)'-')* )'* )5-'2&)'* (-* [#0%"-* A)(&,-E*(-* R06--0*
A)(&,-E* (-* &%'4(/-* (%* [#0%"-* ",-* 2&)2)(-* %* (-* [#0%"-* &%6/A%&)(-?* +%/'* &%'A%62#$-'*
6&-5)2-P&)5)'*',-*)A&%'%"2)(-'*)*'%P/#&?
_#P/&)*gi O*7&-5)2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-?
7-5-*'%*-G'%&$)*")*<#P/&)*giE*-*A)(&,-*(%*[#0%"-E*F/)"(-*)")0#')(-*A-&*6&-5)2-P&)<#)*
P)'-')E*)A&%'%"2)*(-#'*A#6-'*6)&)62%&4'2#6-'*&%<%&%"2%'*)-'*'%/'*2&H'*#'U5%&-'*I-&2-E*5%2)E*A)&)K*
%* /5* A#6-* &%<%&%"2%* )-* %2#0G%"C%"-E* '%"(-* -* A#6-* F/%* )A&%'%"2)* 2%5A-* (%* &%2%"D,-* (%*
oEnhg5#"* &%<%&%"2%* )-* %2#0G%"C%"-E* -* A#6-* F/%* )A&%'%"2)* -* 2%5A-* (%* &%2%"D,-* (%* oEpin5#"*
1"2%"'#()(%
Y%5A-*(%*&%2%"D,-*I5#"K
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O li
&%<%&%"2%* )-'* #'U5%&-'* meta* %* paraE* %* -* F/%* )A&%'%"2)* 2%5A-* (%* &%2%"D,-* (%* pEkjk5#"*
&%<%&%"2%*)-*#'U5%&-*orto?
.)&)*-G'%&$)&*)*A&%'%"D)*(-*R06--0*"-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*%*"-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-E*/5*
A)(&,-* (%* R06--0* <-#* 2)5GZ5* )")0#')(-* A-&* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)* P)'-')* %* '%/* 6&-5)2-P&)5)* Z*
)A&%'%"2)(-*")*<#P/&)*gm?
_#P/&)*gm O*7&-5)2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*R06--0*A)(&,-?
.%0-*6&-5)2-P&)5)*(-*R06--0*A)(&,-*'%*-G'%&$)*)*A&%'%"D)*(%*F/)2&-*A#6-'*"-'*2%5A-'*
(%* &%2%"D,-* (%* iEjop*5#"T* iEipiT* iEmok* %* hEnim* '%"(-* F/%* -* A#6-*5)#'* #"2%"'-* Z* -* F/%* '%*
)A&%'%"2)*"-*2%5A-*(%*&%2%"D,-*(%*iEipi?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O lm
****************
_#P/&)*gl O 7&-5)2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-?
.%0-*6&-5)2-P&)5)*(-* &%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-* 2&)2)(-*'%*-G'%&$)* )*A&%'%"D)*(-'*(-#'*
A#6-'* 6)&)62%&4'2#6-'*(%*[#0%"-* %*/5*(%*%2#0G%"C%"-E*'%"(-*-*A#6-*F/%*)A)&%6%*"-* 2%5A-*(%*
&%2%"D,-*(%*oEnij5#"* &%<%&%"2%* )-* %2#0G%"C%"-E* -* A#6-* %5*oEpgn5#"* &%<%&%"2%* )-'* #'U5%&-'*
meta* %*para* %*-*F/%*)A)&%6%*"-* 2%5A-*(%* &%2%"D,-*(%*pElkp5#"* &%<%&%"2%*)-* #'U5%&-*orto?*
J0Z5*(#''-E*'%*-G'%&$)*/5*A#6-*&%<%&%"2%*)-*R06--0*"-*2%5A-*(%*&%2%"D,-*(%*iEijg?
a%'2%*6)'-*-'*A#6-'*(%*[#0%"-*)A&%'%"2)5O'%*0%$%5%"2%*(%'0-6)(-'*(%$#(-*]*A&%'%"D)*
()'*#5A/&%C)'?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O ll
_#P/&)*gk O 7&-5)2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-?
.%0-*6&-5)2-P&)5)*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*'%*-G'%&$)5*-'*(-#'*A#6-'*6)&)62%&4'2#6-'*(-*
[#0%"-* %* -* A#6-* (%* %2#0G%"C%"-* IoEnpg5#"* d* %2#0G%"C%"-T* oEpkk5#"* d meta* %*para* [#0%"-* %*
pElkn5#"*d orto*[#0%"-K*%*/5*A#6-*&%<%&%"2%*)*2&)D-'*(%*R06--0*"-*2%5A-*(%*&%2%"D,-*(%*iEijo?
J$)0#)"(-*)*A/&%C)*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*6-5*&%0)D,-*)-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*2%5O'%*F/%*
)*&%6/A%&)D,-*'%*(%/*6-5*P&)/*(%*A/&%C)*5)#-&*F/%*pp�?*
.-(%O'%*$%&#<#6)&E*A-&2)"2-E*F/%*)*(%'2#0)D,-*<&)6#-")()*A&-A-&6#-"-/*)*&%6/A%&)D,-*(-*
[#0%"-*6-5*)02-*P&)/*(%*A/&%C)E*%$#(%"6#)"(-*5)#'*/5)*$%C*)*%<#6#H"6#)*(%'2%*A&-6%''-?
Y%5A-*(%*&%2%"D,-*I5#"K
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O lk
4.4 – Cromatografia Gasosa Acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas
_-&)5*)")0#')()'*A-&*6&-5)2-P&)<#)*P)'-')*)6-A0)()*]*%'A%62&-5%2&#)*(%*5)'')'*)'*
)5-'2&)'*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-E*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-*%*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*%*'%/'*
&%'A%62#$-'*6&-5)2-P&)5)'*',-*)A&%'%"2)(-'*")'*<#P/&)'*gnE*gh*%*go?
_#P/&)*gn O 7&-5)2-P&)5)*(%*5)'')'*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-?
:G'%&$)"(-* -* 6&-5)2-P&)5)* &%P#'2&)(-* A)&)* -* A)(&,-* (%* [#0%"-* A-(%O'%* $%&#<#6)&* )*
%[#'2H"6#)*(%*6#"6-*A#6-'E*'%"(-*F/%*%'2%'*'%*)A&%'%"2)5*"-'*2%5A-'*(%*&%2%"D,-*(%*kEili5#"T*
nEokp5#"T*hEiio5#"T*hElgh5#"*%*hEnjn5#"?
a-*6)'-*(%* 6-5A-'2-'* 6-"N%6#(-'E*/5)*G/'6)* 6-5A/2)(-&#C)()* 6-5A)&)*-* %'A%62&-*
(%*5)'')'* (-* 6-5A-'2-* %5*F/%'2,-* 6-5*/5)*G#G0#-2%6)*(%* %'A%62&-'* (%*5)'')'E* )''#5E* (%*
)6-&(-*6-5 )*)"R0#'%* <%#2)* ")*G#G0#-2%6)*(%* %'A%62&-'*(-*%F/#A)5%"2-*%5*F/%'2,-E*A-(%d'%*
-G'%&$)&* F/%* -* A%#&-* A#6-* Z* &%<%&%"2%* )-* 6-5A-'2-* 2-0/%"-E* -* '%P/"(-* Z* &%<%&%"2%* )-*
6-5A-'2-*%2#06#60-N%[)"-E -*2%&6%#&-*Z*&%<%&%"2%*)-*%2#0G%"C%"-*%*-*F/)&2-*%*F/#"2-*A#6-'*',-*
&%<%&%"2%'*)-'* #'U5%&-'*(%*[#0%"-E* '%"(-*-*F/)&2-*A#6-*&%<%&%"2%*)-* #'U5%&-*orto*%*-*F/#"2-*
&%<%&%"2%*)-*#'U5%&-*para?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O ln
_#P/&)*gh O 7&-5)2-P&)5) (%*5)'')'*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-?
:'*6&-5)2-P&)5)'*&%P#'2&)(-'*2)"2-*A)&)*-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-*F/)"2-*A)&)*-*
[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*)A&%'%"2)5*-'*5%'5-'*A#6-'*-G'%&$)(-'*A)&)*-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-?*I&%'#(/-*(%*
[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-;*kEimi5#"*d*2-0/%"-T*nEoll*d*%2#06#60-N%[)"-T*hEiij*d*%2#0G%"C%"-T*hEljo*d
orto*[#0%"-T*hEkpi*d para*[#0%"-*x*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-;*kEimp*O*2-0/%"-T*nEokp*d*%2#06#60-N%[)"-T*
hEiih* d* %2#0G%"C%"-T* hE* lgh* d orto [#0%"-T* hEnjj* d para* [#0%"-?K* .-&Z5E* "-2)O'%* F/%* "-*
6&-5)2-P&)5)*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-*%[#'2%5*2&H'**A#6-'*'-G&%A-'2-'*")*&%P#,-*%"2&%*
nEhjj* %* nEpjj5#"E* '%"(-* -* A#6-* (%* %2#06#60-N%[)"-* -* F/%* )A)&%6%* %5* nEoll5#"?* a,-* <-#*
A-''4$%0E*"%'2%*6)'-E*#(%"2#<#6)&*)*F/)#'*6-5A-'2-'*%'2%'*A#6-'*',-*&%0)2#$-'E*)''#5E*%'2%'*<-&)5*
6-"'#(%&)(-'*6-5-*#5A/&%C)'*A&%'%"2%'*"-*&%'4(/-?*
M"2&%2)"2-E*-G'%&$)O'%*A%0-*6&-5)2-P&)5)*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*F/%*%'2%'*6-5A-'2-'*
",-* %'2,-* A&%'%"2%'* )A\'* )* (%'2#0)D,-* <&)6#-")()E*5-'2&)"(-* F/%* %'2%*5Z2-(-* <-#* %<#6)C* ")*
&%2#&)()*(%'')'*#5A/&%C)'?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O lh
******_#P/&)*go O 7&-5)2-P&)5)*(%*5)'')'*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-?
:'* %'A%62&-'* (%* <&)P5%"2)D,-* <-&)5* -G2#(-'* A)&)* 2-(-'* -'* A#6-'* -G'%&$)(-'* "-'*
6&-5)2-P&)5)'?*7-5A)&)"(-*-'*%'A%62&-'*(%*<&)P5%"2)D,-*-G2#(-'*6-5*()(-'*2%\-'*I4-"'*
24A#6-'* %* #"2%"'#()(%* (%* '#")#'K* I._9MXMBT* @J!BMBT* yMQMBEgppiK* A)&)* 2-(-'* -'*
6-5A-'2-'*)6#5)*6#2)(-'*A-(%O'%*)$)0#)&*F/)#'*6-5A-'2-'*6-&&%'A-"(%5*)-*<&)P5%"2-P&)5)*
-G2#(-*%*A&-A-&*/5*5%6)"#'5-*(%*<&)P5%"2)D,-*A)&)*-*[#0%"-?
:'*<&)P5%"2-P&)5)'*&%P#'2&)(-'*A)&)*-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-*',-*)A&%'%"2)(-'*)*'%P/#&;
_#P/&)*gp O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*A%#&-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-?
_#P/&)*ij O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*'%P/"(-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O lo
_#P/&)*ig O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*2%&6%#&-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-?
_#P/&)*ii O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*F/)&2-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-?
_#P/&)*im O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*F/#"2-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-?
7-5A)&)"(-* -'* %'A%62&-'* (%* <&)P5%"2)D,-* -G2#(-'* 6-5* -'* ()(-'* ()* 0#2%&)2/&)
I._9MXMBT* @J!BMBT* yMQMBEgppiK* * A-(%O'%* 6-"<#&5)&* F/%* -'* '#")#'* -G'%&$)(-'* "-'*
6&-5)2-P&)5)'* ',-* &%<%&%"2%'* )-* 2-0/%"-E* %2#06#60-N%[)"-E* %2#0G%"C%"-E* orto* [#0%"-* %* para
[#0%"-*&%'A%62#$)5%"2%?
:'* %'A%62&-'* (%* 5)'')'* &%P#'2&)(-'* A)&)* -* &%'4(/-* (%* [#0%"-* ",-* 2&)2)(-* ',-*
)A&%'%"2)(-'*)*'%P/#&;
_#P/&)*il O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*A%#&-*A#6-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O lp
_#P/&)*ik O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*'%P/"(-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-?
_#P/&)*in O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*2%&6%#&-*A#6-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-?
_#P/&)*ih O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*F/)&2-*A#6-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-?
_#P/&)*io O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*F/#"2-*A#6-*(-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-?
:'* <&)P5%"2-P&)5)'* (-* &%'4(/-* (%* [#0%"-* %* (-* [#0%"-* &%6/A%&)(-* )A&%'%"2)&)5* -'*
5%'5-'*'#")#'*-G'%&$)(-'*"-*<&)P5%"2-P&)5)*(-*[#0%"-*A)(&,-E*%"2&%2)"2-E*-G'%&$)O'%*/5)*
)02%&)D,-*A)&)*-*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-?*7-5-*)*<&)P5%"2)D,-*<-#*<%#2)*6-"'#(%&)"(-O'%
-'*6#"6-*A%#&-'*A#6-'E*<-&)5 -G'%&$)(-'E*")*)5-'2&)*(%*&%'4(/-*(%*[#0%"-*",-*2&)2)(-E (-#'*
A#6-'*&%<%&%"2%'*]'*#5A/&%C)'?*
:'*%'A%62&-'*(%*5)'')*&%P#'2&)(-'*A)&)*-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-*',-*)A&%'%"2)(-'*)*'%P/#&;
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O kj
_#P/&)*ip O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*A%#&-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-?
_#P/&)*mj O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*'%P/"(-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-?
_#P/&)*mg O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*2%&6%#&-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-?
_#P/&)*mi O _&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*F/)&2-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-?
_#P/&)*mm O*_&)P5%"2-P&)5)*&%P#'2&)(-*A)&)*-*F/#"2-*A#6-*(-*[#0%"-*&%6/A%&)(-?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O kg
J*6-#"6#(H"6#)*(-'*%'A%62&-'*(%*5)'')'*Z*/5)*%$#(H"6#)*6-"$#"6%"2%*()*#(%"2#<#6)D,-*
F/%*Z*5/#2)'*$%C%'*)6%#2)*%5*A&-6%(#5%"2-'* 0%P)#'* I+19WMB+YM1aT*QJ++9MBT*@:BB19E*
gpplK?* 7-5A)&)"(-* -'* %'A%62&-'* -G2#(-'* A)&)* -* [#0%"-* A)(&,-* %* A)&)* -* [#0%"-* &%6/A%&)(-E
-G'%&$)O'%* )* 2-2)0* 6-#"6#(H"6#)* (-'* %'A%62&-'E* 5-'2&)"(-* F/%* )* (%'2#0)D,-* <&)6#-")()* '%*
)A&%'%"2)*6-5-*/5*5Z2-(-*')2#'<)2\&#-*(%*&%6/A%&)D,-*(-*[#0%"-?
:G'%&$)"(-*-'*&%'/02)(-'*-G2#(-'*A-&*%'A%62&-5%2&#)*(%*5)'')'*Z*A-''4$%0*A&-A-&*/5*
5%6)"#'5-* (%* <&)P5%"2)D,-* A)&)* -* [#0%"-?* >%$%O'%* 6-"'#(%&)&E* A)&)* 2)"2-E* -'* 6-5A-'2-'*
A&%'%"2%'*"-'*6&-5)2-P&)5)'E*")*2%"2)2#$)*(%*%0/6#()&*2)0*5%6)"#'5-?
J'* <#P/&)'* ml* )* mo* )A&%'%"2)5* A&-A-'2)'* A)&)* -* 5%6)"#'5-* (%* <&)P5%"2)D,-* (-*
[#0%"-E* 6-"'#(%&-/O'%E* "-* %"2)"2-E* -*paraO[#0%"-* 6-5-* G)'%* A)&)* -* (%'%"$-0$#5%"2-* (%'2%'*
5%6)"#'5-'E*6-5-*A&-A-'2-*A-&*@-&5)""*%*v/6f*IijjiK?
J*#"2%&6-"$%&',-*(-'*#'U5%&-'*-6-&&%*")2/&)05%"2%E*%*-*5%6)"#'5-*(%*<&)P5%"2)D,-*
(-*[#0%"-*-6-&&%*6-5*)*<-&5)D,-*(%;*2-0/%"-E*%2#06#60-N%[)"-*%*%2#0G%"C%"-E*6-5-*(%'6-*)*
'%P/#&;
_#P/&)*ml O 1"2%&6-"$%&',-*%"2&%*-'*#'U5%&-'*(%*[#0%"-?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O ki
!"#
$!"#
!"#
!"#
!"#
!"#
"
"
!"#
_#P/&)*mk O .&-A-'2)*(%*_&)P5%"2)D,-; _-&5)D,-*(-*2-0/%"-*)2&)$Z'*(-*4-"*2&-A40#-?
!"#
!"#
!"#
"#!
"#!
" "
"#!
""
"
"#!
""
" " "
$!"%
_#P/&)*mn O .&-A-'2)*(% _&)P5%"2)D,-;*_-&5)D,-*(-*2-0/%"-*)2&)$Z'*()*A&-2-")D,-*(-*'/G'2#2/#"2%*5%2#0)?
B%'/02)(-'*%*>#'6/'',- O km
_#P/&)*mh d*.&-A-'2)*(% _&)P5%"2)D,-;*_-&5)D,-*(-*%2#0G%"C%"-*)2&)$Z'*(-*5%2#0O6#60-ON%A2)2&#%"-?
!"#
!"#
" !"#
!"&!"#
" !"#
_#P/&)*mo d*.&-A-'2)*(% _&)P5%"2)D,-;*_-&5)D,-*(-*%2#06#60-N%[)"-*)2&)$Z'*(-*5%2#0O6#60-ON%A2)2&#%"-?
7-"'#(%&)D^%'*_#")#'*O kl
5 – Considerações Finais
>#)"2%* ()* P&)"(%* (#$%&'#()(%* (%* '-0$%"2%'* -&Pc"#6-'* /')(-'* %5* #"(`'2&#)'E*
/"#$%&'#()(%'E* N-'A#2)#'* %* 0)G-&)2\&#-'* Z* A&%6#'-* '%5A&%* A&-A-&* )02%&")2#$)'* 2%6"-0\P#6)'*
0#5A)'*A)&)*'/)*&%6/A%&)D,-*%*&%6#60)P%5?
.)&)*2)"2-E*<-#*/2#0#C)()*"%'2%*2&)G)0N-*)*2%6"-0-P#)*(%*(%'2#0)D,-*<&)6#-")()*$#')"(-*]*
&%6/A%&)D,-* %* &%6#60)P%5* (%* &%'4(/-'* (%* [#0%"-* -G2#(-'* %5* 0)G-&)2\&#-'* (%* A)2-0-P#)* %*
N#'2-0-P#)?*
_-&)5* &%)0#C)()'* )"R0#'%'* (%* %'A%62&-<-2-5%2&#)* (%* !WOW#'E* &%<&)2-5%2&#)E*
6&-5)2-P&)<#)*P)'-')*%*6&-5)2-P&)<#)*P)'-')*)6-A0)()*]*%'A%62&-5%2&#)*(%*5)'')'E*")'*F/)#'*
'%* -G'%&$)* F/%* -* &%'4(/-* (%* [#0%"-* 2&)2)(-* <-#* &%6/A%&)(-* (%*5)"%#&)* %<#6)CE* A-(%"(-* '%&*
&%/2#0#C)(-*"-*A&-6%''-*P%&)(-&*I&%6#60)P%5K*-/*%5*-/2&-'*A&-6%''-'?
J")0#')"(-*-'*&%'/02)(-'*(%*6&-5)2-P&)<#)*P)'-')*'%*-G'%&$)*)*A&%'%"D)*(%*R06--0*%5*
F/)"2#()(%* '#P"#<#6)2#$)* "-* &%'4(/-* (%* [#0%"-* ",-* 2&)2)(-E* -* F/%* %$#(%"6#)* )* %<#6R6#)* (-*
A&-6%''-*(%*&%6/A%&)D,-E*SR*F/%*"-*&%'4(/-*2&)2)(-*%'2%*6-"2)5#")"2%*",-*Z*-G'%&$)(-?*
a)* 6&-5)2-P&)<#)* P)'-')* )6-A0)(-* ] %'A%62&-5%2&#)* (%* 5)'')'* '%* -G'%&$)* /5)*
6-#"6#(H"6#)*(-'*%'A%62&-'*(%*5)'')'*I<&)P5%"2-P&)5)'K*%"2&%*-*[#0%"- &%6/A%&)(-*-*[#0%"-*
A)(&,-E*-*F/%*Z*/5)*%$#(H"6#)*6-"$#"6%"2%*")*#(%"2#<#6)D,-*(-*6-5A-'2-*)")0#')(-?
J$)0#)"(-* -'* )'A%62-'* %6-"U5#6-'* %"$-0$#(-'* ")* &%6/A%&)D,-* (%* [#0%"-* -G'%&$)O'%*
F/%E* F/)"(-* (#'A-"(-* (%* /5* %'A)D-* <4'#6- )(%F/)(-* %* (%2%&5#")(-* A)&)* -* 2&)2)5%"2-* (%*
&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'E*-*$)0-&*P)'2-*")*6-5A&)*(%*mml*9*(%*[#0%"-*I6-"'#(%&)"(-*-*$)0-&*5Z(#-*
(-*0#2&-*B�*njEjjKE*%F/#$)0%*]*%'2#5)2#$)*(-'*P)'2-' I6%&6)*(%*B�*ij?jjjEjjKE*A)&)*#5A0)"2)&
/5* '#'2%5)* (%* %[)/'2,-* %* (-#'* '#'2%5)'* (%* (%'2#0)D,-E* #"(#'A%"'R$%#' A)&)* -* 2&)2)5%"2-* (%*
[#0%"-*IJ9QMBX!1a1T*+19WJTBMsMa>ME*ijjkK?*
.-&2)"2-E*$%&#<#6)O'%*F/%*)*&%6/A%&)D,-*%*)*&%6#60)P%5*(%*[#0%"-*A&-A-&6#-")5*P&)"(%'
7-"'#(%&)D^%'*_#")#'*O kk
G%"%<46#-'*)-*)5G#%"2%E*2)"2-*A%0)*(#5#"/#D,-*(-*$-0/5%*(%*&%'4(/-*)*'%&*(%'6)&2)(-*F/)"2-*
A%0)*%6-"-5#)*")*)F/#'#D,-*(%*"-$-'*A&-(/2-'?*
B%<%&H"6#)'*O kn
6 – REFERÊNCIAS
J_:a+:E*8?7?T*_BM1>1aXMBE*a?T*a:B:auJE*9?J?T*_M91.ME*B?.?*X%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*0)G-&)2-&#)#';*&%6/A%&)D,-*(%*%0%5%"2-'*%*A&%A)&-*A)&)*(%'6)&2%*<#")0?*Química Nova,
+,-*.)/0-E*$?*inE*"?*lE*A?*njiOnggE*ijjm?*
Ju@J>E*Q?+?T*QJBY:aE*.?1?*+-0$%"2*&%6-$%&V*2)&P%2#"P?*AIChE Journal. u-G-f%"E*$?*lkE*A?mmkOmlpE*gppp?
J9QMBX!1a1E*9?Q?JT*+19WJE*9?7?E*BMsMa>ME*@?:?:?*Tratamento de resíduos químicos;*P/#)*A&R2#6-*A)&)*)*'-0/D,-*(-'*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'?*+,-*7)&0-'E*ijjkEgjiA?
J91E*+?J?*>%&5)2-'%'*-6/A)6#-")#'?*1";*@Ma>M+E*B?*Medicina do trabalho – doenças
profissionais?*+,-*.)/0-;*+)&$#%&E*gpoj?*A?*ingOmgo?
JaJ+YJ+E*.?*Y?T*yJBaMBE*8?*7?*Green Chemistry: Theory and PracticeE*:[<-&(*!"#$%&'#2V*.&%'';*X&%)2*Q)#"E*ijjj?*gmmA?
J+uQB::vE*.?7?T*BM1auJB>YE*.?J?u)C)&(-/'*e)'2%*#"*)6)(%5#6?*Environmental
Science & TechnologyE*$?gpE*"?iE*A?ggkjOggkkE*gpok?
JYv1a+E*.?T*8:aM+E*9?*Princípio de química;*F/%'2#-")"(-*)*$#()*5-(%&")*%*-*5%#-*)5G#%"2%?*Y&)(?*1P"%C*7)&)6%00#E*%2*)0?*.-&2-*J0%P&%;*Q--f5)"E*ijjg?
QJ1B>E*7?*Química ambiental?*i?%(?*.-&2-*J0%P&%;*Q--f5)"E*ijji?*niiA?
QJa7B:_YE*8?>?E+YMWMa+E*J?*Ja>*Y!BaMBE*>?B? Theory and practice of histological
techniques.*IQ)"6&-<2E*8?>?E*+2%$%"'E*J?*)"(*Y/&"%&E*>?B?*%('?K?*7N/&6N#00*9#$#"P'2-"%?*M(#"G/&PNE*9-"(-"E*@%0G-/&"%*)"(*a%e*w-&fE*gppj?*hin*A?
QJBY:91E*8?B?T*7:+YJE*B?J?T*WMB>:a7vE*.?T*@Ja+Ja:E*B?>?T*7JBBMa:E*@?a?*_#05%'*\A2#6-'*A-0#5Z-'*<0/-&)(-'*6-5*4"(#6%*(%*&%<&)D,-*P&)(/)0?*.-045%&-';*7#H"6#)'*%*Y%6"-0-P#)E*A?gloOgkkE*gppp?
QMJ+9MwE*@?*qV0%"%?*a)2#-")0*2-[#6-0-PV*P&-/A*/"#$%&'#2V*-<*:2)P-*@%(#6)0*+6N--0E*a%e*s%)0)"(E*gppi?*>#'A-"4$%0*%5*;�N22A;xxeee?#"6N%5?-&Px(-6/5%"2'xA#5'x6N%5#6)0x[V0%"%?N25�?*J6%''-*%5*;*ih*<%$?*ijjo?
QM9YBJaE*@?u?B?E*>%'2#0)D,-;*)*)&2%*(%*�M[2&)#&*$#&2/(%'�?Química Nova na escolaE*+,-*.)/0-E*$. l, A?*ilOihE*gppn?
Q1a1M7vJE*@?T*[email protected]*.?T*1Jaa1991E*1?*YN%*2%6N"-0-P#6)0*)"(*%6-"-5#6*5)")P%5%"2*-<*2N%*%"$#&-"5%"2)0*$)&#)G0%*#"*2N%*AN)&5)6%/2#6)0O6N%5#6)0*#"(/'2&V?Microchem. J.,*J5'2%&()5,*$?*hpE*A?*mikOmipE*ijjk?**
QBJ1YuyJ1YME*J?T*+@1YuE*_?*8?*Chromatographic methodsE*a%e*w-&f;*Q0)6f#%*J6)(%5#6*~*.&-<%''#-")0E*gppn?*kkp*A?
Q!Y9MBE*8?T*u::.MBE*.?*>#0%55)'*#"*-A2#5#C#"P*2N%*%"$#&-"5%"2)0*G%"%<#2*<&-5*&%6V60#"P;*J*6)'%*'2/(V*-<*P0)''*6-"2)#"%&*e)'2%*5)")P%5%"2*#"*2N%*!v?*Res. Cons.&
Recycling,*a%e*8%&'%V, $?*lkE*A?*mmgOkkE*ijjk?
B%<%&H"6#)'*O kh
7JB>:+:E*8T*:91WM1BJE*8?*M?*>%'2#0)D,-?*J&)&)F/)&);*1"'2#2/2-*(%*3/45#6)*(%*J&)&)F/)&)E*ijjm?*>#'A-"4$%0*%5*;*�N22A;xx0)GS%(/)&(-?#F?/"%'A?G&x-&P%[Agx(%'2#0)�<&)6#-")()?N25�?J6%''-*%5;*ii*<%$?*ijjo?
7:B>M1B:E*.?8?@?*Detecção e caracterização dos constituintes químicos (xantinas,
alcalóides e terpenóides) em extratos aquosos de “espinheira santa” por técnicas
cromatográficas acopladas a métodos espectrométricos (HPLC – DAD e HRGC – MS)?gppn?*gmk<?*Y%'%*I>-/2-&)(-*%5*3/45#6)*J")042#6)K*d*1"'2#2/2-*(%*3/45#6)*(%*+,-*7)&0-'E*!"#$%&'#()(%*(%*+,-*.)/0-E*+,-*7)&0-'E*gppn?
7:+YJE*7?J?T*7uJWM+E*.?B?*@)"/)0*(%*YZ6"#6)*u#'2-0\P#6), Guia de Trabalhos práticos?*9#$&)&#)*.-&2/PR0#)E*9#'G-)E*gplm?
7B:!YME*_?T*.:1a+:YE*8?T*XJ!Q1aE*w?T*QMJ!E*Q?T*+1@:aE*W?T*@!BJYE*8?7?*W-0)2#0%*-&P)"#6*6-5A-/"('*6V2-2-[#6#2V*)"(*A&-2%#"'*#"*6/02/&%(*6%00'?*Biochimica et Biophysica ActaE*$?gkpgE*A?*glhOgkkE*ijji?
>18vM@JE*X?.?8?T*BM!YMBE*@?J?T*WMBu:M_E*M?W?*J*"%e*A)&)(#P5*<-&*e)'2%*5)")P%5%"2?*Waste Management. J5'2%&()5, $?*ijE*A?nmmOnmoE*ijjj?
>B!BwE*B?J?Q?T*yJ991aXY:aE*M?J?7)&0%2-"�'*u#'2-0-P#6)0*Y%6N"#F/%?*Oxford
University PressE*:[<-&(E*a%e*w-&fE*Y-&-"2-E*gpoj?
M1Xu@wE*Y?Y?T*v:++:aE*>?+?*!?+?J?*a)2#-")0*-$%&$#%e*-"*e)'2%*5)")P%5%"2E*Waste
Management. Amsterdam, $?gnE*A?mngOmnnE*gppn?
MaW1B:a@MaYJ9*u%)02N*!"#2T*:&P)"#6*+-0$%"2'T*./G0#6*u%)02N*X/#()"6%*a-2%E*@)&6N*ijji?*>#'A-"4$%0*%5*;�N22A;xxeee?N%)02N?F0(?P-$?)/xAN'x%N/x�*O*J6%''-*%5;*inxjixjo?
_MuBE*@?T*7J+YB:E*@?+?@?W?T*7J9zJ>:E*@?B?*J*A&)62#6)0*'-0/2#-"*2-*2N%*A&-G0%5*-<*N-/'%N-0(*e)'2%*5)")P%5%"2*#"*Q&)C#0?*Res. Cons. Recycling?*a%e*8%&'%V,*$?*mjE*A?ilkOikhE*ijjj?*
_:BQM+E*B?8?*J*'N-&2*N#'2-&V*-<*2N%*)&2*-<*(#'2#00)2#-"?*B%#5A&%''-E*gª %(?Egplo?*9%#(%";*M?8?*Q�E*gphj?*A?gk?*
X!1:7u:aE*X?T*X!199M@1aE*7?9?*Quantitative gas chromatography for laboratory
analyses and on-line process control?E*a%e*w-&f;*M0'%$#%&*+6#%"6%*./G0#'N#"P*7-5A)"V*1"6?E*gpoo?*A?*nkmOnkk?
u!aYE*8?*.%2&-0%/5*X%-6N%5#'2&V*)"(*X%-0-PVE*i"(*M(#2#-"E*y?*u?*_&%%5)"*)"(*7-5A)"VE*gppnE*#"*7N)A2%&*mE*Petroleum and its Products?*>#'A-"4$%0*%5*;*�eee?6N%5%[A-?6-5x"%e'x.B:_19Mpojkgk?6<5�?J6%''-*%5;*io*<%$?*ijjo?
1By1aE*B?8T*WJa@:!yMB17vE*@?T*+YMWMa+E*9?T*+MM+ME*@?>?T*QJ+uJ@E*y?*M"$#&-"5%"2)0*7-"2)5#")"2'*M"6V60-A%(#)?*National Park Service, Water Resources
DivisionE*_-&2*7-00#"'E*7-0-&)(-;*gpph?
B%<%&H"6#)'*O ko
1+u1X!BME*Y?*:A2#5/5*&%<&)62#$%O#"(%[*A&-<#0%*-<*2N%*P&)(%(O#"(%[*A-0V5%&*-A2#6)0*<#G%&E*2-e)&(*P#P)G#2*()2)*0#"f'?*OpticsE*$?*mkE*"?giE*A?ijloOijkmE*gppn?8JB>1@E*y?_?*7)&2#0N)*A)&)*)*#5A0%5%"2)D,-*(%*/5*A&-P&)5)*(%*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'*I.XB3KE*ijjg?*>#'A-"4$%0*%5;*�N22A;xx0F)?#F5?/"#6)5A?G&x*'%&$?N250�?*J6%''-*%5;*jn*(%C?*ijjh?
8JB>1@E*y?_?*X%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'*%5*0)G-&)2\&#-'*(%*%"'#"-*%*A%'F/#')?*Química. Nova,*+,-*.)/0-E*$?*igE*A?nhgOnhmE*gppo?
8:uaE*W?@?T*s:B>JaE*+?M?*B%'%)&6N*~*(%$%0-A5%"2*5%2N-(-0-PV*<-&*&%6V60#"P*&%'#(/%'*)'*G/#0(#"P*5)2%&#)0'*d*)*A&-A-')0?*Waste Management?*J5'2%&()5E $?*igE*A?*igmOigpE*ijjg?
8!a3!M1BJE*9?7?T*7JBaM1B:E*8?*Histologia básica. B#-*(%*8)"%#&-;*X/)")G)&)*v--P)"E*ijjl?*kljA?
vJvJQJ+ME*X?T*Solvent Problems in Industry?*9-"(&%';*M0'%$#%&E*gpol?*ikmA?*
9JazJ+E*_?@?*Cromatografia gasosa?*+,-*7)&0-';*+/A&%5)*P&R<#6)*%*%(#2-&)E*gppm?*iklA?
9MaJB>t:E*M?*8?T_BM1YJXE*B? J?T*>JQ>:!QE*@? 8?T*QJY1+YJE*J? 7? _?T*+19WM1BJE*7?7?O�X&%%"*6N%5#'2&V�-'*gi*A&#"64A#-'*()*F/45#6)*$%&(%*%*'/)*#"'%&D,-*")'*)2#$#()(%'*(%*%"'#"-*%*A%'F/#')? Química. Nova, $?*inE*"?*gE*A?gimOgipE*ijjm?
91aa1aXMBEJ?*JT7uJvBJQ:BYwE*JT*7:9QMBXE*B?>?*.0)""#"P*-<*e)'2%*&%(/62#-"*'2&)2%P#%'*/"(%&*/"6%&2)#"2V?*Comp. Chem. Eng.,*J5'2%&()5E*$?ilE*A?gjlmOgjloE*ijjj?
@J7uJ>:E*.?J?9?*Direito ambiental brasileiroE*@)0N%#&-';*+,-*.)/0-E*ijji?*gjloA?
@7*aJ1BE*u?@?*Basic gas chromatography?*a%e*w-&f;*8-N"*y#0%VE*gpph?*ijj*A?
@:aYM+Ja:E*BT*uJ99E*8?*M"$#&-"5%"2)0*6)/'%'*-<*N/5)"*6)"6%&'?*Europ. J. Cancer ,
J5'2%&()5,*$?*mhE*A?knhOkohE*ijjg?
@:B@JaaE*@?T*v!7vE*>?*9-''*-<*5%2N)"%*)"(*%2N%"%*<&-5*0-"PO0#$%(*P)'%-/'*[V0%"#/5*4-"'*IA&-2-")2%(*[V0%"%K*)<2%&*�6-5A-'#2%�*'6&)5G0#"P?*International Journal of Mass
SpectrometryE*$*igpE*A?*lphOkglE*ijji?
@:sMY:E*J?J?T*8JB>1@E*8?B?T*X!1@JBtM+E*8?B?*Curso de qualidade de águas
interiores. >%A)&2)5%"2-*(%*F/45#6)*(%*B#G%#&,-*.&%2-?*gpoo?
aJY1:aJ9*B%'%)&6N*7-/"6#0*�aB7�?*7-55#22%%*-"*N)C)&(-/'*'/G'2)"6%*#"*2N%*0)G-&)2-&V?*Prudent practices in laboratory;*N)"(0#"P*)"(*(#'A-')0*-<*6N%5#6)0?*y)'N#"P2-"*I>7K;a)2#-")0*J6)(%5V*.&%''E*gppk?*lloA?
a:9J+7:E*_?B?T*YJWJBM+E*X?J?T*QMa>J++:991E*8?*J?*15A0)"2)D,-*(%*A&-P&)5)'*(%*P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'*0)G-&)2-&#)#'*%5*/"#$%&'#()(%';*)"R0#'%*6&42#6)*%*&%6-5%"()D^%'?*Engenharia Sanitária e AmbientalE*B#-*(%*8)"%#&-E*$?*ggE*"?*iE*A?*ggoOgilE*ijjn?*
:91WM1BJE*W?@?T*.!MBYJ+E*M?Q?T*J9WM+E*@?Y?+?T*wJ@J+u1YJE*u?v?*M'2/(-*6-5A)&)2#$-*(-'*5%6)"-&&%6%A2-&%'*(-'*(#'6-'*#"2%&$%&2%G&)#'*"-&5)#'*%*(%P%"%&)(-'*()*
B%<%&H"6#)'*O kp
6-0/")*0-5G)&*(%*N/5)"-'*A%0)*&)(#-P&)<#)E*&%''-"c"6#)*5)P"Z2#6)*%*%'2/(-*)")2-5-A)2-0\P#6-?*Acta Ortopédica BrasileiraE*$?gkE*"?gE*A?*mkOmpE*ijjh?*
._9MXMBE*v?T*@J!BMBE*u?u?T*yMQMBE*J?*Mass spectral and GC data of drugs, poisons,
pesticides, pollutants, and their metabolites?*y%#"N%#5T*a%e*w-&f*;*W7uE*gppi?*$?i?
.u1991.+E*.?+?T*BMJ>E*J?>?T*XBMMaE*J?M?T*QJYM+E*@?.?*!v*e)'2%*5#"#5#C)2#-"*60/G';*)*6-"2&#G/2#-"*2-*'/'2)#")G0%*e)'2%*5)")P%5%"2?*Res. Cons. Recycling, New York, $?ihE*A?ighOilhE*gppp?
.BJ>:E*J?X?+? 3/45#6)*$%&(%E*-'*(%')<#-'*()*F/45#6)*(-*"-$-*5#0H"#-? Química. Nova, $?*inE**"?*kE*A?*hmoOhllE*ijjm?
BM1auJB>YE*.?J?T9M:aJB>E*v?9?T*J+uQB::vE*.?7?*Pollution prevention and waste
minimization in laboratories?*_0-&#();*7B7*.&%''E*1"6E*ijjjE*lnkA?
+Ja+MWMB1a:E*J?*@?T*Química. Nova. +,-*.)/0-: SBQ, $?imE*"?gE 2000?*glmA?
+JaY1JX:*aMY:E*B?*Q?*T*@Ma>:azJE*8?*.?*B?*_?*T*9M+7uME*Q?*.&%6#'#-"*5%)'/&%5%"2*-<*&%<&)62#$%*#"(%[*-<*0#F/#('?*1";*M"6-"2&-*a)6#-")0*(%*_4'#6)*()*@)2Z&#)*7-"(%"')()E*ik?E*ijjiE*7)[)5G/?*qqW*Ma_@7E*ijji?*$?*`"#6-?*A?*mkiOmki?
+JaY1JX:*aMY:E*B?T*@Ma>:azJE*.?B?_?T*9M+7uME*Q?*.&%6#'#-"*5%)'/&%5%"2'*-<*&%<&)62#$%*#"(%[*-<*0#F/#('?*>%A?*(%*<#'#6)*17M*d*!_8_*?A?ghiOghkE*ijji?*
+J++1:YY:E*@?9?.?*@)"%S-*(%*B%'4(/-'*(%*9)G-&)2\&#-'*3/45#6-'*%5*!"#$%&'#()(%'*dM'2/(-*(%*7)'-*(-*>%A)&2)5%"2-*(%*3/45#6)*()*!_+7)&?*ijjk?*gloA?*>#''%&2)D,-*I@%'2&)(-*%5*M"P%"N)&#)*!&G)")K*d*!"#$%&'#()(%*_%(%&)0*(%*+,-*7)&0-'*I!_+7)&KE*+,-*7)&0-'E*ijjk?
+7uBM1MBE*.?*Analysis of volatiles methods and applications?*Q%&0#";*y)02%&*(%*X&/V2%&*~*7-?E*gpol?*lnpA?
+19WJE*_?*@?T*8:aM+*8B?*8?T*B%)D^%'*-&Pc"#6)'*%5*5%#-*)F/-'-?*Química Nova,*$?*ilE*"?*kE*A?*nlnOnkhE*ijjg?*
+19WMB+YM1aE*B?@?E*yMQ+YMBE*_?q??Identificação espectrométrica de compostos
orgânicos?*B#-*(%*S)"%#&-;*9Y7E*ijjj?*lnj*A
+v::XE*>?*J?T*u:99MBE*_?*8?T*a1M@JaE*Y?*J?*Princípios de Análise Instrumental?*.-&2-*J0%P&%;*Q--f5)"*O*+Q3E*ijji?*omnA?
+:BMa+MaE*Q?u?T*a1M9+MaE*+?a?T*9JasvwE*.?_?T*1aXMB+9MWE*_?T*9!Ysu:_YE*u?7?u?T*8:BXMa+MaE*+?M?*:66/&&%"6%E*<)2%*)"(*%<<%62'*-<*AN)&5)6%/2#6)0*'/G'2)"6%'*#"*2N%*%"$#&-"5%"2*O*J*&%$#%e?*Chemosphere,*J5'2%&()5*$?mnE*A?mkhOmpmE*gppo?
YJWJBM+EX?J?T*QMa>J++:991E*8?J?*15A0)"2)D,-*(%*/5*A&-P&)5)*(%**P%&%"6#)5%"2-*(%*&%'4(/-'*F/45#6-'*%*RP/)'*'%&$#()'*"-'*0)G-&)2\&#-'*(%*%"'#"-*%*A%'F/#')*(-*7MaJ*x*!+.E*Química novaE*$?ioE*"?lE*A?hmiOhmoE*ijjk?
sJaJYJE*>?*B?*.?*Desenvolvimento de sensor virtual empregando redes neurais para
medição da composição em uma coluna de destilação?*ijjk?*ilk*<?*>#''%&2)D,-*I@%'2&)(-*%5*
B%<%&H"6#)'*O nj
M"P%"N)&#)*(%*+#'2%5)'K*O*M'6-0)*.-0#2Z6"#6)*(%*+,-*.)/0-E*!"#$%&'#()(%*(%*+,-*.)/0-E*+,-*.)/0-E*ijjk?