Brasília-DF – 2012

1a Edição

Giovanni ToscanoRafael Riemma

(1) professor graduado pela Universidade de Brasília e pós-ŐƌĂĚƵĂĚŽĞŵŐƌĂŵĄƟĐĂƉĞůĂhŶŝƉůĂŶŽŶƐƵůƚŽƌĚĂhŶĞƐĐŽĞŵĂǀĂůŝĂĕƁĞƐĚĞ >şŶŐƵĂWŽƌƚƵŐƵĞƐĂŽŶƐƵůƚŽƌĚŽ /ŶĞƉƉĂƌĂ ĐƵƌƐŽƐĞĂǀĂůŝĂĕƁĞƐĚŽ^ĂĞď ;^ŝƐƚĞŵĂĚĞǀĂůŝĂĕĆŽĚŽ ŶƐŝŶŽ ĄƐŝĐŽͿ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ ĚĞ >şŶŐƵĂ WŽƌƚƵŐƵĞƐĂ ŶŽƐŶƐŝŶŽƐDĠĚŝŽĞ&ƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĐƵƌƐŽƐƉƌĠͲǀĞƐƟďƵůĂƌĞƐĞĐŽŶĐƵƌƐŽƐŚĄŵĂŝƐĚĞϮϬĂŶŽƐ (2) professor graduado pela Universidade de Brasília e ĐŽŶƐƵůƚŽƌĞŵ>şŶŐƵĂWŽƌƚƵŐƵĞƐĂƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚĂĞŵŶĄůŝƐĞ^ŝŶƚĄƟĐĂ ƉĞůĂ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝĚĂĚĞ ĚĞ >ŝƐďŽĂ WſƐͲŐƌĂĚƵĂĚŽĞŵ WŽƌƚƵŐƵġƐ :ƵƌşĚŝĐŽ WĂůĞƐƚƌĂŶƚĞ Ğŵ ĞƐƚƌĂƚĠŐŝĂƐĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟǀĂƐ Ğ ŵŽƟǀĂĕĆŽ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ ĚĞ >şŶŐƵĂWŽƌƚƵŐƵĞƐĂ ŶŽƐ ŶƐŝŶŽƐ DĠĚŝŽ Ğ &ƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂů ĐƵƌƐŽƐƉƌĠͲǀĞƐƟďƵůĂƌĞƐĞĐŽŶĐƵƌƐŽƐ

Giovanni Toscano (1)

Rafael Riemma (2)

Brasília-DF – 20121a Edição

Ξ'ŝŽǀĂŶŶŝdŽƐĐĂŶŽĞZĂĨĂĞůZŝĞŵŵĂϮϬϭϮdŽĚŽƐŽƐĚŝƌĞŝƚŽƐƌĞƐĞƌǀĂĚŽƐĂ,d/dKZ>d

Supervisão editorial

ŶĚĞƌƐŽŶ&ĞƌƌĞŝƌĂůǀĞƐRevisão textual

'ŝŽǀĂŶŶŝdŽƐĐĂŶŽĞZĂĨĂĞůZŝĞŵŵĂWƌŽũĞƚŽŐƌĄĮĐŽĞĐĂƉĂ^ƵnjĂŶĂDĂŝĂĚĞƌĂƷũŽDĞƐƋƵŝƚĂIlustrações

^ƵnjĂŶĂDĂŝĂĚĞƌĂƷũŽDĞƐƋƵŝƚĂĞůŝĂďĞ&ĞƌƌĞŝƌĂůǀĞƐDiagramação

tŝůůŝĂŶĂŶƚĂŶŚĞĚĞĚŽƐ^ĂŶƚŽƐ&ŽƚŽŐƌĂĮĂ^ŚƵƩĞƌƐƚŽĐŬĞĂŶĐŽĚĞ/ŵĂŐĞŶƐĚĂĚŝƚŽƌĂ,d/ŵƉƌĞƐƐĆŽĞĂĐĂďĂŵĞŶƚŽdĞŝdžĞŝƌĂ'ƌĄĮĐĂĞĚŝƚŽƌĂ>d

Y^ϬϲĐĂƐĂϭϴͲd'hd/E'Ͳ&WϳϮϬϭϱͲϱϲϬKEddK;ϲϭͿϯϯϱϭϯϬϬϲĞͲŵĂŝůĐŽŶƚĂƚŽΛĞĚŝƚŽƌĂŚƚĐĐŽŵďƌ

ZĞƉƌŽĚƵĕĆŽƉƌŽŝďŝĚĂƌƚϭϴϰĚŽſĚŝŐŽWĞŶĂůĞ>ĞŝϵϲϭϬĚĞϭϵĚĞĨĞǀĞƌĞŝƌŽĚĞϭϵϵϴ

ISBN xxx-xx-xxxxx-xx-x

Brasília-DF – 2012

1a Edição

5

introdução

ŚƩƉǁǁǁŽƌůĂŶĚĞůŝĐŽŵďƌ

ƌĞĨŽƌŵĂĐŽŵĞĕŽƵĞŵϭϵϵϬEŽƐƐŽƐŝƐƚĞŵĂŽƌƚŽŐƌĄĮĐŽŶĆŽĠůſŐŝĐŽŽŵŽĞdžƉůŝĐĂƌĞĞŶƐŝŶĂƌĂĐƌŝĂŶĕĂƐƋƵĞĞdžĐĞƐƐŽƐĞĞƐĐƌĞǀĞĐŽŵĚŽŝƐĞƐƐĞƐĞƋƵĞĞdžĐĞĕĆŽƐĞ ĞƐĐƌĞǀĞ ĐŽŵ Đġ ĐĞĚŝůŚĂĚŽĞŶƚƌŽ ĚĞƐƐĂ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĂ Ġ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƐĂŶơƐƐŝŵŽĐĂŵŝŶŚĂƌŵŽƐ ƉĂƌĂ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĕĆŽ ĚĞ ƵŵĂ ŽƌƚŽŐƌĂĮĂŵĂŝƐ ŚŽŵŽŐġŶĞĂ Ğ ůſŐŝĐĂ ƚĞŶƚĂƟǀĂ Ġ Ƶŵ ƉĂƐƐŽ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĞ ƉĂƌĂ Ž ĨŽƌƚĂůĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽ ĚĂ ůşŶŐƵĂ ŵĂƐ ĂŝŵƉůĂŶƚĂĕĆŽĠůĞŶƚĂƉƌĞĐŝƐŽƋƵĞŽƐƉĂşƐĞƐ(Angola, Brasil, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau, Moçambique, Portugal, São Tomé e Príncipe e Timor-Leste) ƌĂƟĮƋƵĞŵĂƐŵƵĚĂŶĕĂƐĐŽŵŽĨĞnjŽŽŶŐƌĞƐƐŽEĂĐŝŽŶĂůďƌĂƐŝůĞŝƌŽŵϮϬϬϳŽDŝŶŝƐƚĠƌŝŽĚĂĚƵĐĂĕĆŽĚŽƌĂƐŝůĐŽŵĞĕŽƵĂƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƌĂƐŵƵĚĂŶĕĂƐŶŽƐůŝǀƌŽƐĚŝĚĄƟĐŽƐĞƉƌĞƚĞŶĚŝĂƋƵĞĞůĂƐĞƐƟǀĞƐƐĞŵ ƚŽƚĂůŵĞŶƚĞ ŝŵƉůĂŶƚĂĚĂƐĞŵϮϬϬϵƐŵĂŝŽƌĞƐƌĞƐŝƐƚġŶĐŝĂƐ ă ƌĞĨŽƌŵĂ ǀŝĞƌĂŵ ĚĞ WŽƌƚƵŐĂů ũƵƐƚĂŵĞŶƚĞ Ž ƉĂşƐ ƋƵĞ ĚĞǀĞ ƚĞƌŵƵĚĂŶĕĂƐŵĂŝƐƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂƟǀĂƐKƐƉŽƌƚƵŐƵĞƐĞƐƐſƌĂƟĮĐĂƌĂŵŽĂĐŽƌĚŽĞŵŵĂŝŽĚĞϮϬϬϴ

Ɛ ƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂƐ ƚĞŶƚĂƟǀĂƐ ĚĞ ƵŶŝĮĐĂĕĆŽ ŽƌƚŽŐƌĄĮĐĂ ĚŽƐ ƉĂşƐĞƐ ůƵƐſĨŽŶŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐĞƌĂŵ ŶŽ ŝŶşĐŝŽ ĚŽ ƐĠĐƵůŽ ϮϬ No Brasil ũĄ ŚŽƵǀĞ ĚƵĂƐ ƌĞĨŽƌŵĂƐŽƌƚŽŐƌĄĮĐĂƐĞŵ1943 e em 1971KƵƐĞũĂƵŵďƌĂƐŝůĞŝƌŽĐŽŵŵĂŝƐĚĞϲϱĂŶŽƐǀĂŝƉĂƐƐĂƌƉŽƌƚƌġƐƌĞĨŽƌŵĂƐŵPortugalĂƷůƟŵĂƌĞĨŽƌŵĂĂĐŽŶƚĞĐĞƵĞŵ1945DƵŝƚĂƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂƐĞŶƚƌĞƌĂƐŝůĞWŽƌƚƵŐĂůĐŽŶƟŶƵĂƌĂŵ

,Ą ŵƵŝƚĂ ŐĞŶƚĞ ƋƵĞ ƌĞĐŚĂĕĂ Ă ƵŶŝĮĐĂĕĆŽ ĚŝnjĞŶĚŽ ƋƵĞ ŚĄ ĐŽŝƐĂƐ ŵĂŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĞƐĂĨĂnjĞƌ YƵĞŵĚĞĨĞŶĚĞĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚĂƋƵĞŽƉŽƌƚƵŐƵġƐĠĚĂƐůşŶŐƵĂƐŵĂŝƐĨĂůĂĚĂƐŶŽŵƵŶĚŽĂƷŶŝĐĂƋƵĞĂŝŶĚĂŶĆŽĞƐƚĄƵŶŝĮĐĂĚĂ

EŽƌĂƐŝů Ă ƌĞĨŽƌŵĂŽƌƚŽŐƌĄĮĐĂ ĨŽŝŽĮĐŝĂůŝnjĂĚĂŶŽĚŝĂϮϵĚĞ ƐĞƚĞŵďƌŽĚĞϮϬϬϴƉĞůŽƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚĞ>Ƶŝnj/ŶĄĐŝŽ>ƵůĂĚĂ^ŝůǀĂĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵĂƌĞƐŽůƵĕĆŽĂƐĚƵĂƐŐƌĂĮĂƐ;ĂĂŶƟŐĂĞĂŶŽǀĂͿĐŽŶƟŶƵĂƌŝĂǀĂůĞŶĚŽĂƚĠĚĞnjĞŵďƌŽĚĞϮϬϭϮĞƐƚĂĚĂƚĂĞŶƚƌĞƚĂŶƚŽ ũĄ ĨŽŝƉƌŽƚĞůĂĚĂƉĂƌĂϮϬϭϲKƵƐĞũĂĂƚĠ ůĄĂŵďĂƐǀĂůĞŵŶŽǀĞƐƟďƵůĂƌ ŶĂƐƉƌŽǀĂƐĚĞĞƐĐŽůĂƐŶŽƐĐŽŶĐƵƌƐŽƐƉƷďůŝĐŽƐ