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Modernist Architecturehttps://modernistarchitecture.wordpress.com/2011/09/08/ciams-la-sarraz-declaration-1928/?blogsub=subscribed#subscribe-blog!
acesso "1/01/201
$ %atabase o& 'odernist $rchitectural (heor)
CIAMsLa Sarraz Declaration(1928)
(ranslated b) 'ichael *ulloc+.
,romPrograms and Manifestoes on 20th-Century Architecture.
(he '( ress. ambridge '$: 1913.
(he undersigned architects representing the national groups o& modern architects
a&&irm their unit) o& 4iewpoint regarding the &undamental conceptions o& architecture
and their pro&essional obligations towards societ).
(he) insist particularl) on the &act that 5building6 is an elementar) acti4it) o& man
intimatel) lin+ed with e4olution and the de4elopment o& human li&e. (he destin) o&
architecture is to e7press the orientation o& the age. or+s o& architecture can spring
onl) &rom the present time.
(he) there&ore re&use categoricall) to appl) in their wor+ing methods means that ma)
ha4e been able to illustrate past societies the) a&&irm toda) the need &or a newconception o& architecture that satis&ies the spiritual intellectual and material demands
o& present-da) li&e. onscious o& the deep disturbances o& the social structure brought
about b) machines the) recognize that the trans&ormation o& the economic order and o&
social li&e inescapabl) brings with it a corresponding trans&ormation o& the architectural
phenomenon.
(he intention that brings them together here is to attain the indispensable and urgent
harmonization o& the elements in4ol4ed b) replacing architecture on its true plane the
economic and sociological plane. (hus architecture must be set &ree &rom the
sterilizing grip o& the academies that are concerned with preser4ing the &ormulas o& the
past.
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$nimated b) this con4iction the) declare themsel4es members o& an association and
will gi4e each other mutual support on the international plane with a 4iew to realizing
their aspirations morall) and materiall).
I. General Economic System
1. (he idea o& modern architecture includes the lin+ between the phenomenon o&
architecture and that o& the general economic s)stem.
2. (he idea o& 5economic e&&icienc)6 does not impl) production &urnishing ma7imum
commercial pro&it but production demanding a minimum wor+ing e&&ort.
110;
". (he need &or ma7imum economic e&&icienc) is the ine4itable result o& the
impo4erished state o& the general econom).
ustment to the
new conditions o& social li&e. uch a re4ision will be mani&ested in the reduction o&
certain indi4idual needs hence&orth de4oid o& real >usti&ication the bene&its o& this
reduction will &oster the ma7imum satis&action o& the needs o& the greatest number
which are at present restricted.
@. ,ollowing the dissolution o& the guilds the collapse o& the class o& s+illed cra&tsmenis an accomplished &act. (he inescapable conseAuence o& the de4elopment o& the
machine has led to industrial methods o& production di&&erent &rom and o&ten opposed to
those o& the cra&tsmen. Bntil recentl) than+s to the teaching o& the academies the
architectural conception has been inspired chie&l) b) the methods o& cra&tsmen and not
b) the new industrial methods. (his contradiction e7plains the pro&ound
disorganization o& the art o& building.
. t is urgentl) necessar) &or architecture abandoning the outmoded conceptions
connected with the class o& cra&tsmen hence&orth to rel) upon the present realities o&
industrial technolog) e4en though such an attitude must per&orce lead to products
&undamentall) di&&erent &rom those o& past epochs.
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II. o!n "lannin#
1. (own planning is the organization o& the &unctions o& collecti4e li&e it e7tends both
the urban agglomerations and the countr)side. (own planning is the organization o& li&e
in all regions.
Brbanization cannot be conditioned b) the claims o& pre-e7istent aestheticism: its
essence is o& a &unctional order.
2. (his order includes three &unctions: a3 dwelling b3 producing c3 rela7ation the
maintenance o& the species3.
ts essential ob>ects are: a3 di4ision o& the soil b3 organization o& tra&&ic c3
legislation.
". (he relationships between the inhabited areas the culti4ated areas including sports3
and the tra&&ic areas are dictated b) the economic and social en4ironment. (he &i7ing o&population densities establishes the indispensable classi&ication.
(he chaotic di4ision o& land resulting &rom sales speculations inheritances must be
abolished b) a collecti4e and methodical land polic).
(he redistribution o& the land the indispensable preliminar) basis &or an) town
planning must include the >ust di4ision between the owners and the communit) o& the
unearned incrementresulting &rom wor+s o& >oint interest.
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(hrough educational wor+ carried out in schools a bod) o& &undamental truths could be
established &orming the basis &or a domestic science &or e7ample: the general econom)
o& the dwelling the principles o& propert) and its moral signi&icance the e&&ects o&
sunlight the ill e&&ects o& dar+ness essential h)giene rationalization o& household
economics the use o& mechanical de4ices in domestic li&e etc.3.
". (he e&&ect o& such an education would be to bring up generations with a health) and
rational conception o& the house. (hese generations the 112; architectDs &uture clients3
would be capable o& correctl) stating the problem o& housing.
I'. Architecture and Its elations !ith the State
1. 'odern architects ha4ing the &irm intention o& wor+ing according to the new
principles can onl) regard the o&&icial academies and their methods tending towards
aestheticism and &ormalism as institutions standing in the wa) o& progress.
2. (hese academies b) de&inition and b) &unction are the guardians o& the past. (he)ha4e established dogmas o& architecture based on the practical and aesthetic methods o&
historical periods. $cademies 4itiate the architectDs 4ocation at its 4er) origin.
". n order to guarantee the countr)Ds prosperit) there&ore tates must tear the teaching
o& architecture out o& the grip o& the academies. (he past teaches us precisel) that
nothing remains that e4er)thing e4ol4es and that progress constantl) ad4ances.
ect is to endow the countr) with the most producti4e and most ad4anced s)stem o&
organization.
. $cademicism causes tates to spend considerable sums on the erection o&
monumental buildings contrar) to the e&&icient utilization o& resources ma+ing a
displa) o& outmoded lu7ur) at the e7pense o& the most urgent tas+s o& town planning
and housing.
@. ithin the same order o& ideas all the prescriptions o& the tate which in one &orm or
another tend to in&luence architecture b) gi4ing it a purel) aesthetic direction are an
obstacle to its de4elopment and must be 4igorousl) combated.
. $rchitectureDs new attitude according to which it aims o& its own 4olition to re-
situate itsel& within economic realit) renders all claims to o&&icial patronage
super&luous.
8. & tates were to adopt an attitude opposite to their present one the) would bring
about a 4eritable architectural renaissance that would ta+e place Auite naturall) within
the general orientation o& the countr)Ds economic and social de4elopment.
Eune 28th 1928
(he %eclaration was signed b) the &ollowing architects:
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H.P. Berlage
Victor Bourgeois
Pierre Chareau
Josef Fran
!a"riel !u#$r#ian
Ma% &rnst Haefeli
Hugo H'ring
Arnold H(chel
Hui" Hoste
Pierre Jeanneret
)e Cor"usier
Andr# )ur*at
+$en Marelius
&rnst May
Fernando !arc,a Mercadal
Hannes Meyer
erner Ma% Moser
Carlo &nrico a$a
!errit iet$eld
Al"erto +artoris
Hans +chmidt
Mart +tam
udolf +teiger
+/ymon +yrus
Henri-o"ert $on der Mhll
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Juan de 1a$ala