1928 - declaração de sarraz

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$ %atabase o& 'odernist $rchitectural (heor)

CIAMsLa Sarraz Declaration(1928)

(ranslated b) 'ichael *ulloc+.

,romPrograms and Manifestoes on 20th-Century Architecture.

(he '( ress. ambridge '$: 1913.

(he undersigned architects representing the national groups o& modern architects

a&&irm their unit) o& 4iewpoint regarding the &undamental conceptions o& architecture

and their pro&essional obligations towards societ).

(he) insist particularl) on the &act that 5building6 is an elementar) acti4it) o& man

intimatel) lin+ed with e4olution and the de4elopment o& human li&e. (he destin) o&

architecture is to e7press the orientation o& the age. or+s o& architecture can spring

onl) &rom the present time.

(he) there&ore re&use categoricall) to appl) in their wor+ing methods means that ma)

ha4e been able to illustrate past societies the) a&&irm toda) the need &or a newconception o& architecture that satis&ies the spiritual intellectual and material demands

o& present-da) li&e. onscious o& the deep disturbances o& the social structure brought

about b) machines the) recognize that the trans&ormation o& the economic order and o&

social li&e inescapabl) brings with it a corresponding trans&ormation o& the architectural

phenomenon.

(he intention that brings them together here is to attain the indispensable and urgent

harmonization o& the elements in4ol4ed b) replacing architecture on its true plane the

economic and sociological plane. (hus architecture must be set &ree &rom the

sterilizing grip o& the academies that are concerned with preser4ing the &ormulas o& the

past.
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$nimated b) this con4iction the) declare themsel4es members o& an association and

will gi4e each other mutual support on the international plane with a 4iew to realizing

their aspirations morall) and materiall).

I. General Economic System

1. (he idea o& modern architecture includes the lin+ between the phenomenon o&

architecture and that o& the general economic s)stem.

2. (he idea o& 5economic e&&icienc)6 does not impl) production &urnishing ma7imum

commercial pro&it but production demanding a minimum wor+ing e&&ort.

110;

". (he need &or ma7imum economic e&&icienc) is the ine4itable result o& the

impo4erished state o& the general econom).

ustment to the

new conditions o& social li&e. uch a re4ision will be mani&ested in the reduction o&

certain indi4idual needs hence&orth de4oid o& real >usti&ication the bene&its o& this

reduction will &oster the ma7imum satis&action o& the needs o& the greatest number

which are at present restricted.

@. ,ollowing the dissolution o& the guilds the collapse o& the class o& s+illed cra&tsmenis an accomplished &act. (he inescapable conseAuence o& the de4elopment o& the

machine has led to industrial methods o& production di&&erent &rom and o&ten opposed to

those o& the cra&tsmen. Bntil recentl) than+s to the teaching o& the academies the

architectural conception has been inspired chie&l) b) the methods o& cra&tsmen and not

b) the new industrial methods. (his contradiction e7plains the pro&ound

disorganization o& the art o& building.

. t is urgentl) necessar) &or architecture abandoning the outmoded conceptions

connected with the class o& cra&tsmen hence&orth to rel) upon the present realities o&

industrial technolog) e4en though such an attitude must per&orce lead to products

&undamentall) di&&erent &rom those o& past epochs.


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II. o!n "lannin#

1. (own planning is the organization o& the &unctions o& collecti4e li&e it e7tends both

the urban agglomerations and the countr)side. (own planning is the organization o& li&e

in all regions.

Brbanization cannot be conditioned b) the claims o& pre-e7istent aestheticism: its

essence is o& a &unctional order.

2. (his order includes three &unctions: a3 dwelling b3 producing c3 rela7ation the

maintenance o& the species3.

ts essential ob>ects are: a3 di4ision o& the soil b3 organization o& tra&&ic c3

legislation.

". (he relationships between the inhabited areas the culti4ated areas including sports3

and the tra&&ic areas are dictated b) the economic and social en4ironment. (he &i7ing o&population densities establishes the indispensable classi&ication.

(he chaotic di4ision o& land resulting &rom sales speculations inheritances must be

abolished b) a collecti4e and methodical land polic).

(he redistribution o& the land the indispensable preliminar) basis &or an) town

planning must include the >ust di4ision between the owners and the communit) o& the

unearned incrementresulting &rom wor+s o& >oint interest.


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(hrough educational wor+ carried out in schools a bod) o& &undamental truths could be

established &orming the basis &or a domestic science &or e7ample: the general econom)

o& the dwelling the principles o& propert) and its moral signi&icance the e&&ects o&

sunlight the ill e&&ects o& dar+ness essential h)giene rationalization o& household

economics the use o& mechanical de4ices in domestic li&e etc.3.

". (he e&&ect o& such an education would be to bring up generations with a health) and

rational conception o& the house. (hese generations the 112; architectDs &uture clients3

would be capable o& correctl) stating the problem o& housing.

I'. Architecture and Its elations !ith the State

1. 'odern architects ha4ing the &irm intention o& wor+ing according to the new

principles can onl) regard the o&&icial academies and their methods tending towards

aestheticism and &ormalism as institutions standing in the wa) o& progress.

2. (hese academies b) de&inition and b) &unction are the guardians o& the past. (he)ha4e established dogmas o& architecture based on the practical and aesthetic methods o&

historical periods. $cademies 4itiate the architectDs 4ocation at its 4er) origin.

". n order to guarantee the countr)Ds prosperit) there&ore tates must tear the teaching

o& architecture out o& the grip o& the academies. (he past teaches us precisel) that

nothing remains that e4er)thing e4ol4es and that progress constantl) ad4ances.

ect is to endow the countr) with the most producti4e and most ad4anced s)stem o&

organization.

. $cademicism causes tates to spend considerable sums on the erection o&

monumental buildings contrar) to the e&&icient utilization o& resources ma+ing a

displa) o& outmoded lu7ur) at the e7pense o& the most urgent tas+s o& town planning

and housing.

@. ithin the same order o& ideas all the prescriptions o& the tate which in one &orm or

another tend to in&luence architecture b) gi4ing it a purel) aesthetic direction are an

obstacle to its de4elopment and must be 4igorousl) combated.

. $rchitectureDs new attitude according to which it aims o& its own 4olition to re-

situate itsel& within economic realit) renders all claims to o&&icial patronage

super&luous.

8. & tates were to adopt an attitude opposite to their present one the) would bring

about a 4eritable architectural renaissance that would ta+e place Auite naturall) within

the general orientation o& the countr)Ds economic and social de4elopment.

Eune 28th 1928

(he %eclaration was signed b) the &ollowing architects:


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H.P. Berlage

Victor Bourgeois

Pierre Chareau

Josef Fran

!a"riel !u#$r#ian

Ma% &rnst Haefeli

Hugo H'ring

Arnold H(chel

Hui" Hoste

Pierre Jeanneret

)e Cor"usier

Andr# )ur*at

+$en Marelius

&rnst May

Fernando !arc,a Mercadal

Hannes Meyer

erner Ma% Moser

Carlo &nrico a$a

!errit iet$eld

Al"erto +artoris

Hans +chmidt

Mart +tam

udolf +teiger

+/ymon +yrus

Henri-o"ert $on der Mhll


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Juan de 1a$ala

1928 - declaração de sarraz

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