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A B B P o w e r
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Rio de JaneiroApril 23-25, 2006
2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne
Transformerprotection IEDRET 670
Gunnar Stranne
Rio de JaneiroApril 23-25, 2006
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Transformer protection IED RET670
Introduction features and applications
Differential protection functions
Restricted Earth Fault protectionfunction
High Impedance Differential protection
functionSome additional functions andapplication examples
Preconfigured ready-made packagesSummary and conclusions
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Benefits of RET670 outstanding features
Half cycle operating time a new performance standard!
One or two differential functions
Differential function compensated automatically for tapchanger position for improved sensitivity
An additional sensitive and fast differential functionbased on negative sequence current - ~1% sensitivity
High impedance or low impedance restricted earth-fault
differential protection for each windingPossibility to use multi - CT arrangements for increaseddifferential protection stability
Tap changer control
Breaker control , measuring, monitoring and recording
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Applications
Power transformers, includingautotransformers, reactors andgenerator transformer blocks
Two or three vector group (orwinding) transformers
Single- or multi circuit breakerarrangements
Up to six stabilized 3-phasecurrent inputs
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Three-winding Transformer
Three-winding variant up to6 restraint three-phase CTinputs
Ensures enhanced through-fault stability for multi-breaker arrangements
Tap changer control
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Auto Transformer
Phased segregatedbiased differentialprotection for
Autotransformers in 1 CBapplications
Serial and common
windingsUp to 4 three-phase CTinputs
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Phase Shifting Transformer
Transformer key data1400 MVA
400/ 400 kV
+-25
1200 tons
32 MUSD contract
Project aspectsCooperation between EndUser, Relay Manufacturer &PST Manufacturer is ofoutmost importance
Cooperation required in thevery early design stage of theproject
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Shunt Reactor Protection And Control
ProtectionPhase segregated biased
differential protectionHigh-impedancedifferential protection
Over/under-voltage
protectionSwitching control for linesand busses
RET 670 is optimized for eachapplication with maximum reliability
and short operating time
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Step-up Transformer In Power Stations
Overall differentialprotection of a generator
transformer unit
Differential protection forthe step-up transformerand/or the auxiliarytransformer
Back-up protectionfunctionality
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Complementary Protection Functions
Full scheme distance
Overcurrent 19 inverse
Thermal overloadBreaker failure
Voltage functions withhigh reset ratio
RET 670 fits all power system elements thatrequire unit and additional protection functionality
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Differential Protection
Two-winding or three-winding functions
Two-winding variant up to 4 three-phase CT inputsEnhanced through-fault stability for multi-breaker arrangements
Three-winding variant up to 6 three-phase CT inputsEnhanced through-fault stability for multi-breaker arrangements
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Transformer Protection Terminal
Differential Protection of 2- winding Power Transformers
2- winding power transformer
2- winding power transformer withunconnected delta tertiary winding
2- winding power transformer with2 circuit breakers on primary side
2- winding power transformer with2 circuit breakers on secondary side
- winding power transformer with2 circuit breakers on both sides
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Transformer Protection Terminal
Differential Protection of 3- winding Power Transformers
3- winding power transformer with2 circuit breakers on (any) one side,
(e.g. 2 parallel power lines on one side)
3- winding power transformer with2 circuit breakers on 2 out of 3 sides,(e.g. a meshed power network)Note! Also 3-out of 3 with 2 breakers ispossible.
3- winding power transformer
with all 3 windings connected
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Differential Protection
A differential current does not always mean there is afault in the transformer
Inrush current in power transformers
Saturation of current transformers
Overexcitation
Tap changer position
etc.
Means of coping with these situations must beincluded in the design
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Differential Protection
Ability is included to handle two tap changers, i.e. onetap changer per winding on any two windings
FunctionalityThree-section settable restrain characteristic
High set unrestrained operation
Idiff
Ibias
Idmin
1.25 pu
1.0 puoperate
restrain
Unrestrained operationIdunre
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Transformer Inrush Current Stabilization
Transformer inrush currents contain a percentage of secondharmonic current. This is used for discrimination but secondharmonic blocking normally causes delayed operation in case ofCT saturation. It is also possible to monitor the shape of thedifferential current signal. The low-current gap measurementindicates inrush.
Second harmonic stabilisation
Wave form stabilisation
wave block
CT saturation cause a secondharmonic component in thesecondary current
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Transformer Inrush Current Stabilisation
Delayed trip ofthe restrained
differentialfunction due tothe traditionaluse of second
harmonic blocking(Set level 15 %)
Internal fault followed by CT saturation
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Overvoltage Stabilization
The fifth harmonic component appearsas a characteristic quantity in the transformer
magnetizing current during overvoltage.
0
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
Magnetizing current atsystem overvoltage
iL1
iL2iL3
The fifthharmoniccomponent
is used forstabilization
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Differential Protection
Two- and three winding applications
Stabilization of up to 6 inputs
Inrush current stabilization
Second harmonic
Waveform
Phase segregated
Selectable Cross-blocking
5th harmonic stabilization at overvoltage
Sensitivity influenced by tap changerposition (selectable)
Selectable subtraction of zero sequencecurrents
DIFP- application
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Differential Protection
restrained
unrestrained
Blocking condition:2nd harmonic, 5 th harmonicwaveblock, cross block
TRIP
START
&
1
Neg Seq Int /Ext FaultDiscriminator
internal
sensitive&
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Testing RET670 for maximum performanceFault detection in 7 ms!
Differential Protection
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Negative sequence current differential function
Internal / external fault discriminatorBased on the measurement of negative sequence current
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Negative sequence current differential function
Before comparison, all negative sequence currents arecompensated for turns ratio and vector group phase displacement
External fault: 180relative phase displacement
Internal fault: 0relative phase displacement
IminNegSeq2% - 20%Default 4%
NegSeqROA
30 120Default 60
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Negative sequence current differential function
0.5 kA
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
HV side contribution to the total negative sequence differential current in kA
Directional limit (within the region delimited by 60 degrees is internal fault)
1.0 kA
1.5 kA
definitelyan internalfault
Internalfault
declared7 ms afterinternalfaultoccurred
trip commandin 12 ms
excursion
from 0 degreesdue toCT saturation
externalfaultregion
35 ms
Directional Comparison Criterion: Internal fault as seen from the HV side
An internal fault with heavy CT saturation
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Negative sequence current function - summary
Fast operating times half cycleStart from ordinary differential protectionrequired, but blocking conditions are bypassed
Sensitive negative sequence protectionGives sensitive turn-to-turn fault protection
The trip request must be confirmed severaltimes in succession before the final trip requestis placed this security feature causes anincrease in the operating time
The operating time is about 30ms for very low-level turn-to-turn faults
This sensitive negative sequence protection is
blocked for high fault current conditions
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Restricted Earth Fault Protection
bias current in per unit
0 1 2 3 4 5
6
diff currentin pu
Step : 1 % transformerrated current
minimum base sensitivity 50 %default base sensitivity 30 %
maximum base sensitivity 5 %
1.25 pu
Operate characteristic
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Restricted Earth Fault Protection
ROA
MTA
3I0
ROA
reference isneutral current
operate forinternal fault
internal fault
restrain forexternal fault
-IN
3I0
zone of protection
IN
IL1
IL2
IL3
IFAULT IN 3I0
zone of protection
IN
IL1
IL2
IL3
IFAULT IN
3I0ROA
MTA
ROA
reference isneutral current
external fault
-INoperate forinternal fault
restrain forexternal fault
Internal fault External fault
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Differential Protection
Switch-on-to-fault
Built-in logic to improve operating speed for
switch-on-to-fault conditionPossible to record the differential currents and/or biascurrent by the disturbance recorder channels 31-40
Differential currentsInstantaneous or RMS
Bias current
RMS
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Restricted Earth Fault Protection
Directionalcheck
3I0 < 3% of I baseIN > 50% of Idset
TRIP
START
1
1
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Restricted Earth Fault Protection
I1I3PRI1I3PRI2I3SEC1I3SEC2
I1I2
I3I3P
I1I2I3
I3P REFx
I I1N
I1I2I3
I3P
Up to 4 three-phase CT inputs makes it possible tohandle autotransformers in 1 CB applications
Enhanced function for autotransformer applications
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Restricted Earth Fault Protection
Switch-on-to-fault
Built-in logic to improve operating speed for
switch-on-to-fault conditionPossible to record differential currents and/or biascurrent by the disturbance recorder
Differential currentsInstantaneous or RMS
Bias current
RMS
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High Impedance Differential Protection
Three instances 1 or 3 high impedance differential
External stabilizing resistors & metrosils are used
Typical applications
High impedance REF Restricted Earth Fault protection
Tee - feeder differential protectionBus differential
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Overexcitation Protection
V/Hz measurement
Positive sequence or single phase-to-phase voltage
Transformer magnetic core cooling time constant setting
IEEE inverse time and User defined trip curves available
Alarm level as percentage of trip level
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Thermal Overload protection function
86/94I->O
Ith49-1
86/94I->O
Ith49-1
Two thermal overload functionsTripping of load will give coolingchance to restore normaltemperatures.Settable thermal time constants forshort circuits and low overloadsMeasures RMS current
Lockout reset level (in % of heat contenttrip value)
Alarm levels 1 and 2 (each in % ofheat content trip value)
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TOF/TUF/RVF(df/dt) Frequency Protection
Over-frequency and under-frequency
Six steps OF & UF settable frequency and time delay
Measures Ph-Ph or Positive sequence voltageUnder-voltage blocking
Df/dt with positive or negative derivative setting
High accuracyShort operating time
Accuracy 2 mHz for three phase
Accuracy 10 mHz for single phase
Voltage dependent tripping time possible!
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Frequency Protection - Applications
Under frequencyLoad shedding systems
Remedial action schemes
Over frequencyGeneration shedding
Remedial action schemes
Rate-of-change of frequencyGeneration shedding
Load shedding
Remedial action schemes
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RET 670-A30 Two winding transformer, single circuit
breaker
RET 670-B30 Two winding transformer, multi circuit
breaker (1 CB or double CB on either, or both, sides
of the transformer)
RET 670-A20 Three winding transformer, single circuit
breaker
RET 670-A31 Three winding transformer, single circuit
breaker, current and voltage inputs
RET 670-A40 Three winding transformer, single circuit
breaker (1 CB or double CB on any, or all, sides of
the transformer)
RET670 B40 Three winding transformer, multi circuit
breaker (1 CB or double CB on any, or all, sides of
the transformer)
Six Pre-configured RET 670 - Ready To Use
T Wi di T f Si l Ci i B k
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Two Winding Transformer Single Circuit Breaker
SC/VC25/27
3I>50/51-1
51N-2I
60FF
UN59N
3U>59
3UBF50BF
ContrInterl
3Id/I>87T
86/94I->O
Ind>87N-1
Ind>87N-2
21Z50/51-2
I51N-1
86/94I->O
UN59N
3U>59
3U24
3I>BF50BF
60FF
O1
O2
O4
O3
52PDPD
f81O/81U
O5
DR
DR
RET 670-A30
T Wi di T f M lti Ci it B k
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Two Winding Transformer Multi Circuit Breaker
SC/VC
25/27
3I>50/51-1
51N-2I
60FF
UN59N
3U>59
3U87T
86/94I->O
Ind>87N-1
Ind>87N-2
21
Z
50/51-2
I51N-1
86/94I->O
UN59N
3U>59
3UBF50BF
3I>BF50BF
U/f>24
3I>BF50BF
60FF
52PD
PD
f81O/81U
O6
O1
O2
O4
O3
O5
SC/VC25/27
O72*
2*
2* O8
DR
DR
3I>BF50BF
RET 670-B30
Three Winding Transformer Single Circuit Breaker
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Three Winding Transformer Single Circuit Breaker
SC/VC25/27
3I>50/51-1
51N-2I
60FF
UN59N
3U>59
3UBF50BF
ContrInterl
3Id/I>87T
86/94I->O
Ind>87N-1
Ind>87N-2
21Z50/51-2
I51N-1
86/94I->O
UN59N
3U>59
3U50/51-3
INd>87N-3
86/94I->O
I51N-3
3I>BF
50BF
U/f>24
SC/VC25/27
FF60
60FF
O6
O1
O2
O4
O3
O5
52PDPD
f81O/81U
O7
DR
DR
3I>BF50BF
RET 670-A20
Three Winding Transformer Multi Circuit Breaker
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Three Winding Transformer Multi Circuit Breaker
SC/VC25/27
3I>50/51-1
51N-2I
60FF
UN59N
3U>59
3UBF50BF
ContrInterl
3Id/I>87T
86/94I->O
3I>BF50BF
Ind>87N-1
Ind>87N-2
21Z50/51-2
I51N-1
86/94I->O
UN59N
3U>59
3U50/51-3
INd>87N-3
86/94I->O
I51N-3
3I>BF50BF
U/f>24
3I>BF50BF
SC/VC25/27
60FF
60FF
O6
O1
O2
O4
O3
O5
52PDPD
f81O/81U
O7
O8DR
DR
RET670 B40
B fi f RET670
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Benefits of RET670
Functional flexibilityConfiguration flexibilityHigh performance
User friendlyPre-defined packagesIED 670 series member means;
Less spare parts neededSimplified engineering and maintenanceCommon look and feel and common toolsExtensive Self-supervision
Remote communication flexibilityEasy integration in Substation AutomationSystemsEvery step you take
- ABB has the solution
B fit f RET670 t t di f t
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Benefits of RET670 outstanding features
Fast, sensitive and secure differentialfunction tap-changer compensated
Fast and sensitive negative sequencedifferential function -> half cycle operation
Multi-CT inputs increases security andfunctionality
High or low impedance restricted earth-fault winding differential funcionsExtensive function library and options
Up to 12 general I -V functions; distance and extra differential functions
High reset voltage functions
Extendable analog and digital I/O
Full control functionality
Large HMI option
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