componentes de torre de perforacion rotaria

7/30/2019 Componentes de Torre de Perforacion Rotaria

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Presentacion Componentes de una Torre


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Componentes de una Torre de

Perforacion Rotaria

1. Torre o Mastil y Subestructura

2. Energia y Potencia Primaria

3. Componentes de Elevacion

4. Componentes de Rotacion

5. Componentes de Circulacion

6. Componentes de Control de Pozo

7. Equipos de Manipulacion Tubular y Tubulares

8. Trepanos

9. Herramientas de Pesca


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Perforacion Rotaria


2. Energia y Potencia Primaria

3. Componentes de Elevacion

4. Componentes de Rotacion

5. Componentes de Circulacion

6. Componentes de Control de Pozo

7. Equipos de Manipulacion Tubular y Tubulares

8. Trepanos

9. Herramientas de Pesca


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Torre

A large load bearing structure, usually of bolted construction. The

standard derrick has four legs standing at the corners of the substructure.

Una gran estructura de carga, por lo general de construccin atornillada.

La torre estandar tiene cuatro patas levantadas en la esquinas de la

subestructura.


Perforacion Rotaria


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Componentes de Torre de

Perforacion Rotaria

1. Torreo o Mastil y Subestructura

Mastil

Es una Torre Portatil que puede levantarse en una sola. Es

transportado por tierra, el mastil puede estar dividido en dos o mas

secciones.


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1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure

Substructure

The foundation in which the derrick or mast and usually the

Drawworks sit. In contains space for storage and well control

equipment.


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2. Potencia y Energia Primaria



Perforacion Rotaria


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2. Potencia y Energia Primaria

Motor de Combustion interna o Turbinaque son la fuente de energia

que se manejan en el equipo de la torre.

A drilling rig in which the source of power is one or more internal-

combustion engine and in which power is distributed to rig

components through devices such as chains, sprockets, clutches

and shaft is said to be a Mechanical Rig.


Perforacion Rotaria


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Rotary Drilling Rig Components

Internal combustion engine or a turbine that is the source of power

for driving equipment on the Rig.

A drilling rig in which the source of power is one or more internal-

combustion engine and in which power is distributed to rig

components through devices such as chains, sprockets, clutches

and shaft is said to be a Mechanical Rig.

2. Power and Prime Movers


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A drilling rig in which the source of power is effected by the

combination of engines, generator set, control system and electric

motors is said to be a Electric Drilling Rig.




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DC-DC System


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AC-DC System


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3. Hoisting Component



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The Rig Equipment responsible for the raising and lowering of the

Drillstring. Consist of the following:

1. Mast or Derrick

2. Drawworks

3. Crown Block

4. Traveling Block

5. Deadline Anchor

6. Supply Reel

7. Drilling Line


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The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a winch that

spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the

drillstring.

2. Drawworks


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An assembly of sheaves mounted on beams at the top of the

derrick/mast and over which the drilling line is reeved.

3. Crown Block


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3. Crown Block

FAST SHEAVE

CROWN SHEAVE


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3. Crown Block


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3. Crown Block


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An assembly of sheaves or pulleys through which the drilling line is

reeved and which moves up and down in the Derrick or Mast.

4. Traveling Block

BLOCK HOOK


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4. Traveling Block

TRAVELING BLOCK WITH DYNAPLEX HOOK


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4. Traveling Block

TRAVELING BLOCK WITH

UNIMATIC HOOK


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An equipment that holds down the deadline part of the wire rope. It is

usually bolted on to the substructure.

5. Deadline Anchor

COMPRESSION

TENSION


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5. Deadline Anchor

An equipment that holds down the deadline part of the wire rope. It is

usually bolted on to the substructure.


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6. Supply Reel

A spool that stores the unused portion of the Drilling Line.


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7. Drilling Line

The wire rope used to support the Drilling Tools.

Right Lang Lay

Left Lang Lay

Right Regular Lay

Left Regular Lay

Types of Wire Rope Lay


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7. Drilling Line

The wire rope used to support the Drilling Tools.

Type of Wire Rope Construction



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7. Drilling Line

Typically the wire rope used for Drilling Line would have the

following characteristics:


Shallow:

Deep:

1 to 1-1/8 diameter

1-1/4 to 2 diameter

Contruction: 6 x 19 S or 6 x 21 S or 6 x 25 FW, RRL, IPS or EIP, IWRC


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4. Rotating Component






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The Rig Equipment responsible for rotating the Drillstring. Consist of

the following:

1. Swivel

2. Kelly Spinner

3. Kelly or Top Drive

4. Kelly Bushing

5. Master Bushing

6. Rotary Table


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The rotary tool that is hung from the hook of the traveling block to

suspend the drillstring and permit it to rotate freely.

1. Swivel


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It also provide connection for the rotary hose and provide

passageway for the flow of drilling fluid into the drillstem.

1. Swivel


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It also provide connection for the rotary hose and provide

passageway for the flow of drilling fluid into the drillstem.

1. Swivel

C


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A pneumatically controlled device mounted below the Swivel that

when actuated causes the Kelly to spin.

2. Kelly Spinner

R t D illi Ri C t


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A pneumatically controlled device mounted below the Swivel that

when actuated causes the Kelly to spin.

2. Kelly Spinner

R t D illi Ri C t


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The heavy steel member, usually four or six-sided that is suspended

from the Swivel through the Rotary Table and connected to the

topmost joint of drillpipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table

turns.

3. Kelly

R t D illi Ri C t


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It has a bored passageway that permits fluid to be circulated into the

drill stem and up the annulus or vise versa.

3. Kelly

R t D illi Ri C t


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A hydraulically powered device located below the Swivel that when

actuated allows the Drillstem to spin and proceed in drilling.

3. Top Drive

R t D illi Ri C t


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A device that when fitted to master bushing transmits torque to the

kelly and simultaneously permits vertical movement of the Kelly to

make hole.

4. Kelly Bushing

Type HDP Type HDS Type MDS

Heavy Duty fits 23 through 49-1/2

Rotary Table

Heavy Duty for Square Drive Rotary

Tables

Medium Duty for Square Rotary

Table



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A device that fits into the rotary table to accommodate the slips and

drive the kelly bushing so that the rotating motion of the rotary table

can be transmitted to the Kelly.

5. Master Bushing

Type MSPC Type MSPC Type MBSSType MPCH

Fits 20-1/2 to 27-1/2

Rotary Tables

Fits 37-1/2 to 49-1/2

Rotary Tables

Fits 17-1/2 to 27-1/2

Rotary Tables

Fits 17-1/2 to 27-1/2

Rotary Tables




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Equipment used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling

assembly.

6. Rotary Table



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It has a beveled gear arrangement to create the rotational motion and

opening into which bushings are fitted to drive and support the

drilling assembly.

6. Rotary Table



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drilling assembly.

6. Rotary Table



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drilling assembly.

6. Rotary Table

3

75



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5. Circulating Component



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The Rig Equipment responsible the movement of drilling fluid within

the well as well as solids removal incurred by the drilling fluid.

Normally the circulation would start from the mud pits, down the drill

stem, up the annulus and back to the mud pits.



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Circulating component consist of the following:

1. Mud Pump

2. Pump Manifold

3. Standpipe

4. Swivel

5. Drillstring

6. Annulus

7. Return Line

8. Shale Shaker

9. Desander

10. Desilter

11. Degasser

12. Mud Pit



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1. Mud Pump

A large, high-pressure reciprocating pump used to circulated the

mud on a drilling rig.

A typical mud pump is a two cylinder, double acting or a three-cylinder, single acting piston pump whose pistons travel in

replaceable liners and are driven by a crankshaft actuated by an

engine or motor.



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1. Mud Pump



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1. Mud Pump

1. SUCTION TANK

2. PREHYDRATION TANK

3. CHARGING PUMP

4. AGITATOR MOTORS

5. MUD HOPPPER

6. SUCTION LINE

7. CHARGING PUMP (MP)

8. MUD PUMP

9. VALVE AND PUMP PISTON

10. MUD PUMP DISCHARGE

MANIFOLD

11. PRESSURE GAUGE

12. PULSATION DAMPENER

13. PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

14. DISCHARGE LINE

15. MUD PUMP ENGINE

16. INTERMEDIATE TANK



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2. Pump Manifold

An arrangement of piping and valves that receives drilling fluid from

one or more mud pumps and transmit the drilling fluid to the

succeeding circulating component.



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2. Pump Manifold



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3. Standpipe

The vertical pipe rising along the side of the Derrick or Mast, which

joins mud pump manifold to the rotary hose.



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7. Return Line

The passageway of the drilling fluid as it comes out of the well.



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8. Shale Shaker

An equipment the uses a vibrating screen to remove cuttings from

the circulating fluid in rotary drilling operations.

1. RETURN LINE

2. POSSUM BELLY

4. SHAKER SCREEN

3. ELECTRIC MOTOR

y g g p

http://www.doublelifecorp.com/shakers.htm


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8. Shale Shaker

y g g p

Shale shakers are designed to handle 100-1600 gpm flowrate of mud

and be able to remove cutting to size of 77 microns using a 200 mesh

screen.



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8. Shale Shaker

y g g p

Shale shakers are designed to handle 100-1600 gpm flowrate of mud

and be able to remove cutting to size of 77 microns using a 200 mesh

screen.



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9. Desander

y g g p

A centrifugal device for removing sand from the drilling fluid to

prevent abrasion of the pumps.



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10. Desilter

y g g p

Also a centrifugal device for removing free particles of silt from the

drilling fluid to keep the amount of solids in the fluid at the lowest

possible point.



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11. Degasser

y g g p



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12. Mud Pit

A waste pit, usually an excavated earthen-walled pit.



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6. Well Control Component



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The Rig Equipment responsible for preventing the build up of

unwanted formation fluids that lead to Blowout.



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Well Control component consist of the following:

1. Annular Blowout Preventer

2. Ram Blowout Preventer

3. Diverter

4. Drilling Spools

5. Manifold, Valves and Sensors

6. Accumulator

7. Inside BOP



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7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment



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Tubular are made of the following equipment:

1. Drill Pipe

2. Drill Collar

3. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe

4. Kelly

5. Subs



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1. Drillpipe

These are heavy seamless tubing used to rotate the bit and

circulated the drilling fluid. Joints of pipe approximately 30 feet long

are coupled together by means of tool joints.



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1. Drillpipe

Basic Parts of a Drillpipe

SHOULDERSHOULDER

BOXPINNECK

NECK

TONG SPACE TONG SPACE

BODY



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1. Drillpipe



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1. Drillpipe



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1. Drillpipe

TENSILE REQUIREMENTS

RANGE LENGHTS

TOLERANCES



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1. Drillpipe

TOOLJOINTINTER

GCHANGEABILIT

Y

CHART



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1. Drillpipe

For other mechanical properties, please refer to available charts.



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2. Drill Collar

The heavy, thick-walled tube steel, used between the drill pipe and

the bit in the drill stem to provide pendulum effect to the drill stem

and to provide weight on bit.



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3. Heavy Weight Drillpipe

Similar in appearance to a drill pipe, HWDP has the following

different dimensional characteristics; the tube wall is heavier about

1thick in most sizes, the tool joints are longer, and the tube section

has a larger diameter at mid length to protect the pipe from wear.

HWDP were developed for the following reasons; As a transition

member to be run between drill collars and drill pipe, as a flexible

weight member to run on directional drilling, as a weight member on

small rigs, drilling small diameter holes.



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3. Subs

A short, threaded piece of pipe used to adapt parts of the drilling

string that cannot otherwise be screwed together because of

difference in thread size or design. These consist of:

1. Bit Sub

2. Crossover Sub

3. Kelly Saver Sub

4. Lifting Sub

5. Bent Sub



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3. Subs



difference in thread size or design.



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3. Subs






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3. Subs






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Tubular Handling Equipment

Equipment used to move, make and break connection, suspend

tubular on the rig. These include the following:

1. Elevator Links

2. Elevator

3. Lifting Subs

4. Lifting Plug

5. Tugger/Winch

6. Slips

7. Safety Clamp

8. Tongs

9. Kelly Spinner

10. Drillpipe Spinner

11. Iron Roughneck

12. Bit Breaker



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1. Elevator Links

Equipment attached onto the Traveling Block in order to suspend the

Elevators.



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1. Elevator

Clamps that grip a stand of casing, tubing, drillpipe or drill collars so

that the stand or joint can be raised from or lowered into the hole

opening of the rotary table.

SIDE DOOR ELEVATOR CENTER LATCH ELEVATOR SINGLE JOINT ELEVATOR



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1. Elevator



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5. Tugger/Winch

A pneumatically operated drum with wire rope spooled onto it to

move or lift heavy objects on the rig floor.



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6. Slips

A wedge shape piece of metal with teeth or other gripping elements

that are used to prevent pipe from slipping down into hole or to hold

the pipe in place.

Drill Pipe Slips



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6. Slips



the pipe in place.

Drill Collar Slips



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6. Slips



the pipe in place.

Casing Slips



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6. Slips



the pipe in place.



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6. Safety Clamp

The are used on tubulars above the slips to prevent dropping the

string should the slips fail to hold.

Safety Clamp



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7. Safety Clamp

The are used on tubulars above the slips to prevent dropping the

string should the slips fail to hold.



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8. Tong

Large wrenches used to make or break out tubulars.

Make up Tong Breakout Tong



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8. Tong


Making Connection



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8. Tong


Breaking Connection



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9. Kelly Spinner

A pneumatically operated device mounted on top of the kelly that

when actuated causes the kelly to spin.

KELLY SPINNER



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10. Drillpipe Spinner

A pneumatically operated device usually suspended on the rig floor

used to make fast connections and spin off of drill pipeS.

DRILLPIPE SPINNER



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11. Iron Roughneck

A pneumatically operated machine that replaces the functions

performed by the Kelly Spinner, Drillpipe Spinner and Tongs.

IRON ROUGHNECK



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12. Bit Breaker

A device that is placed on top of the rotary table to enable the bit to

be made up to drill string.

BIT BREAKER



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8. Bit



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8. Bit

A variety of bits are available for drilling and sampling operation. The

selection of bit is usually dependent on the formation which is to be

drilled and the purpose of the borehole.

Bit

Fixed Cutter Bits Roller Cone Bits

Drill Bit Core Bit

Material

Natural Diamond Insert

PDC Insert

TSP

No. of Cones 2 3 4 6

Material

Steel Mill

Tungsten Carbide Inserts



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8. Bit

SHORT PDC BIT MEDIUM PDC BIT LONG PDC BIT NATURAL DIAMOND BIT TSP BIT



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8. Bit



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8. Bit

CORE BIT



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8. Bit

MILL TOOTH

TRICONE BITTUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERT

TRICONE BIT



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8. Bit

9. Fishing Tools



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9. Fishing Tools

The Rig Equipment used for the purpose of retrieving from the

wellbore sections of pipe, casing or other items which may have

become stuck or inadvertently dropped in the hole. These are the

following:

1. Overshot

2. Taper Tap

3. Grapple Spear

4. Junk Basket

5. Fishing Magnet

6. Wireline Spear

7. Junk Mill

8. Casing Scraper



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9. Fishing Tools

1. Overshot

Overshot is an external catch fishing tool designed to retrieve

tubular items from the well bore.

SPIRAL GRAPPLE

OVERSHOT

BASKET GRAPPLE

OVERSHOT



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9. Fishing Tools

2. Taper Tap

Is an internal catch fishing tool designed to retrieve tubular members

from the wellbore. The wicker thread are allowed to be embedded

into the interior of the fish.

Taper Tap



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9. Fishing Tools

3. Grapple Spear

Is also an internal catch fishing tool designed to retrieve tubular

members from the wellbore.

The grapple spear is run in and positioned

inside the fish. Rotating the Grapple Spearone turn to the left will engaged the grapple

and caused tapers on the mandrel to expand

the grapple and bite into the fish.



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9. Fishing Tools

4. Junk Basket

Is a junk retrieval tool designed to remove all type of objects from

the bottom of the well. Such items as slip, hand tools, bit cones and

any other pieces of junk in the well.

This junk basket

utilises reverse

circulation combined

with coring operations

of up to 20 of core.

With direct circulation

the coring action on

the junk proceeds until

24 inch core is cut. The

finger on the upper

catcher break the core

when an upward strain

is applied.



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9. Fishing Tools

5. Fishing Magnet

Is a junk retrieval tool designed to effectively remove metal particles,

shavings and debris from the bottom of the wellbore.

The assembly is run in

the hole and hold 6 to

12 inches above the

fish. Circulate

generously to wash

away cuttings. Reduce

circulation, lower the

magnet to the fish and

rotate slightly to obtain

good contact. Cut off

circulation and pull outof hole.



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9. Fishing Tools

6. Wireline Spear

Is a junk retrieval tool designed to retrieve wireline and wire rope

from the wellbore.

The spear is made up

and run in hole , upon

reaching the wire to be

retrieved the spear is

lowered slowly

allowing the barbs to

engage the wire. The

spear is then lifted out

of the hole.



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9. Fishing Tools

7. Junk Mill

Are designed to mill fish such as packers, squeeze tools, perforating

guns, drill pipe, tool joints, reamer, reamer blades and rock bits.


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9. Fishing Tools

8. Casing Scraper

Is designed to remove scale, mud cake, cement sheath, embedded

bullets, and other foreign materials inside the casing wall.

CROWN BLOCK


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MAST

CATLINE BOOM MONKEY BOARD

STAND PIPE

TUBING BOARD

CATWALK

PIPE RACK

DRILL PIPE

HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT

JUNK BIN

ACCUMULATOR

DRILLING LINE SPOOL

WAREHOUSE

CABLE TRAY

WATER TANK

MUD SACK

STORAGE

PUMPS AND HOPPER

MUD PUMP

MUD TANKS

FLARE LINE

DOG HOUSE

GENERATORS TYPICAL LAND RIG


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TRAVELING BLOCK

TOP DRIVE

DRILLING LINE

DRAWWORKS

ROTARY HOSE


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SHALE SHAKER

MUD CLEANER

DEGASSER

AGITATOR

MUD GUNTRIP TANK


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DRILLERS CONSOLE

PIPE SETBACK AREA

ROTARY TABLE

RIG FLOOR

SUBSTRUCTURE

BLOWOUT PREVENTER

PIPE RAMP CHOKE MANIFOLD

CUTTINGS CONVEYOR

Line Organization of the Rig Crew

Area ManagerDrilling

S i t d t


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Area Manager

Rig Manager

Toolpusher

Materials Man

Driller

Asst. Driller

Derrickman

Roughneck

Roustabout

Maintenance

Engineer

Rig Mechanic

Welder

Pipe Fitter

Crane Optr.

Rigger

Electrician

Motorman Pump Tender

Driver

Helper

Warehouseman

Safety & TrainingSpecialist

Superintendent

Job Description of Key Rig Personnel


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Rig Manager

Responsible in administering and implementing the Operators and DrillingContractors guidelines and regulation.

Carries out daily onsite supervision to ensure that Rig Operation meet

Operators expectation and safety regulation.

Responsible in implementing extensive job and safety training.

Responsible in administering and implementing the Operators and Drilling

Contractors guidelines and regulation.

Ensure the integrity of all oilfield equipment, maintaining visual aspects of

oilfield site; promote cleanliness and enhancing the safety of the crew.



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Toolpusher

Responsible for the supervision of the Rig Operation and maintain drillingequipment to the highest standard of efficiency.

Interface and coordinate with the Drilling Superintendent, Area Manager,

Rig Manager, Service Man and other key personnel for Drilling Program

Implementation and Modification, Supplies, Crew Schedule and changes.

Performs inspection, periodical inventories and scheduling of material andequipment consumption and deliveries as well as backloading if applicable.



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Driller

Responsible for the manipulation and supervision of the Rig and all the inline equipment and sensors as well as proper top out (fill up) and control of

the bore hole to maintain the parameters required by the Operator.

To record important dimension and implementing safety programs on

various operational modes (Rig setting, skidding, drilling, tripping, fishing,

well completion, well flow and pressure testing etc.) in conformity with the

specification and regulation imposed by authorities.

To evaluate tour sheet, personnel and safety progress so as to recommend

contingent action at certain level of operation to meet the standard in all

occasion of the drilling program.

Responsible for the Rig-Up and Rig Down of the Drilling Contractor

equipment .



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Assistant Driller

Responsible for the preparation, strapping (measurement), inspection andproper storage of BOP, BHA and other drilling components and consumables

throughout the cycle of operation.

Responsible for the line up of valves on all manifolds or lines and for

random and periodical checkup as well as serving of all equipment and

assemblies in the system.

Prepare tour sheet and kill sheet, check and lead work force and held lecture

during safety meeting.

To secure all equipment from Mast, Rig Floor, Substructure to main and

cellar deck during Rig Mobilization.



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Derrickman

Responsible for the Monkey Board on trips and other Derrick itineraries.

Maintains Mud Pumps, Mud Control Devices, Flow line and its accessories.

Maintain Mud Volume and mud Properties and directed by the Mud engineer.

Prepare report on mixed mud and equipment Performance such as pumps,

agitators and sensors.

Assist roughneck at the floor, cellar deck and anywhere needed.

Housekeeping job on pump room, pit room etc.



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Roughneck

Responsible for the positioning of slips, tongs, spinner, elevator and other

rig equipment as directed by the Driller, Assistant Driller and other ranking

personnel.

To operated tuggers for lifting and lowering equipment and materials from

the pipe rack to the rig floor.

Assist serviceman to the Rig-Up and Rig-Down of their equipment.

Perform housekeeping jobs and servicing equipment.

To watch the shaker and other solid control equipment during circulation

and drilling.

Assist Derrickman in some derrick itineraries.

Rig Operation Terminologies

Breaking Down


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Unscrewing the drill stem into single joints and placing them on the pipe rack. This

operation takes place at the completion of the well when the drill pipe will no longer

be used or when changing from one size of drill pipe to another.

Break out

To unscrew a section of the pipe to another.

Make a Connection

To attach a joint of drill pipe onto the drill stem suspended in the wellbore to permit

deepening the wellbore by the length of joint added usually 30 feet.

Make Hole

To deepen the hole made by the bit.

Nipple Up

To assemble the Blowout Preventer Stack on the well head at the surface.

Plug and Abandon

To place cement plugs into the dryhole and abandon it.


Racking Pipe

Th f l i h d f i i d l i h d i k f


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The act of placing the stands of pipe in orderly arrangement in the derrick after

hoisting pipe from the wellbore.

Reverse Circulation

The course of drilling fluid downward through the annulus and upward through the

drillstem, in contrast to normal circulation.

Rig Up

To prepare the drilling rig for making hole, that is, to install tools and machinery

before drilling is started.

Run In

To go into the hole with tubing, drillpipe, and so forth

Slug the Pipe

Pumping into the top of the drill stem a quantity of heavy mud which will cause the

level of the fluid in the drill stem to fall as the drill stem is hoisted.

Spud In

To begin drilling a well, to start the hole.


Stab

T id th d f th i i t li t l j i t h ki


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To guide the end of the pipe into a coupling or tool joint when making up a

connection.

Tearing Down

The act of dismantling the rig at the completion of the well and preparing it moving

to the next location.

componentes de torre de perforacion rotaria

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