azevedo f. l. b. prototipagem rápida no ciclo de design iterativo de aplicações multimídia para...

7/31/2019 Azevedo F. L. B. Prototipagem rpida no ciclo de design iterativo de aplicaes multimdia para formao de professores. 90 f. Trabalho de Concluso de Cu

1/90

8 ) 3

&HQWURGH,QIRUPiWLFD*UDGXDomRHP&LrQFLDGD&RPSXWDomR

7UDEDOKRGH*UDGXDomR

352727,3$d2 53 ,'$ 12 & ,&/2 '( '(6 ,*1

,7(5$7,92 '( $3/ ,&$d(6 08/7,0',$ 3$5$

)250$d2 '( 352)(6625(6

)LOLSH/HYL%DUURVGH$]HYHGR

2ULHQWDGRU$OH[6DQGUR*RPHV&RRULHQWDGRUD6WHSKDQLD3DGRYDQL

5HFLIH


2/90


3/90


4/90


5/90

'HGLFDWyULD

'HGLFRHVWHWUDEDOKRjPHPyULDGH

(GVRQ5RVHQGRGH$]HYrGR)LOKR

H5XEHPGH/LPD%DUURV


6/90


7/90

$JUDGHFLPHQWRV

$(GVRQH5XWHPHXVSDLVHDWRGDPLQKDIDPtOLDSHORVHQVLQRVHVXSRUWH

$-XOLDQDPLQKDDX[LOLDGRUDLG{QHDSHORDPRULQFHQWLYRHRUDo}HV

$RVSURIHVVRUHV$OH[H6WHSKDQLDSHODRULHQWDomRHFRQILDQoD


8/90


9/90


10/90


11/90

5HVXPR

$ WHFQRORJLDYHP VHQGRXWLOL]DGDQD HGXFDomRFRPR

IHUUDPHQWD SDUD SRWHQFLDOL]DomR GR PRGHOR GLGiWLFR

&RQWXGR QR %UDVLO VHX XVR DLQGD HVWi UHVWULWR DR

DPELHQWH GH VDODGHDXOD QRVVD WHFQRORJLD QmR WHP

FRQWHPSODGR2SURFHVVRGHFDSDFLWDomRGRSURIHVVRU

1HVWH WUDEDOKR SURSRPRV XPD PHWRGR ORJLD SDUD R

GHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVRIWZDUHHGXFDWLYRFXMRFLFORGH

GHVLJQ LWHUDWLYR HQYROYH SURWRWLSDomR UiSLGD FRP

SURIHVVRUHV $WUDYpV GRV UHVXOWDGRV DOFDQoDGRV HP

XPDVLWXDomRUHDOGHPHUFDGRDUJXPHQWDPRVTXHWDOWpFQLFDLQWHJUDGDjFRODERUDomRFRPHVS HFLDOLVWDVHP

HGXFDomRJDUDQWHXVDELOLGDGHHTXDOLGDGHGHFRQWH~GR

SHGDJyJLFRDRSURGXWRILQDO

3DODYUDVFKDYHSURWRWLSDomRUiSLGDGHVLJQLWHUDWLYR

OHDUQZDUHIRUPDomRGHSURIHVVRUHV


12/90


13/90

$EVWUDFW

7HFKQRORJ\ LV EHLQJ XVHG LQ HGXFDWLRQ DV D WRRO IRU

LPSURYLQJWKHGLGDFWLFPRGHO+RZHYHULQ%UD]LOLWV

XVHLVVWLOOUHVWULFWHGWRWKHFODVVURRPHQYLURQPHQWRXU

WHFKQRORJ\ GRHV QRW FRYHU WKH WHDFKHUV WUDLQLQJ

SURFHVV7KLVZRUNSURSRVHVDOHDUQZDUHGHYHORSPHQW

PHWKRGRORJ\ ZKRVH LWHUDWLYH GHVLJQ F\FOH LQYROYHV

UDSLG SURWRW\SLQJ ZLWK WHDFKHUV &RQVLGHULQJ WKH

FXUUHQWDFKLHYHPHQWV LQ D UHDOEXVLQHVV VLWXDWLRQ ZH

DUJXHWKDWVXFKDWHFKQLTXHSODFHGWRJKHWHUZLWKWKHFRODERUDWLRQ RI HGXFDWLRQ H[SHUWV HQVXUHV XVDELOL W\

DQGSHGDJRJLFDOFRQWHQWVTXDOLW\WRWKHILQDOSURGXFW

.H\ZRUGV UDSLG SURWRW\SLQJ LWHUDWLYH GHVLJQ

OHDUQZDUHWHDFKHUVWUDLQLQJ


14/90


15/90

6XPiULR

&DStWXOR ,QWURGXomR &DStWXOR 'HVLJQFHQWUDGRQRXVXiULR 'HVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYR 7HVWHVFRPXVXiULRV 'HVLJQLWHUWLYR &DStWXOR 3URWRWLSDomRUiSLGD 1tYHLVGHILGHOLGDGH (VWUDWpJLDVGHGHVLJQ 3URWRWLSDomRHPSDSHO 3ODQHMDPHQWRGRHVWXGR 'HVLJQGHWDUHIDV 3UHSDUDomRGRSURWyWLSR 3DSpLVHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV 7UDWDPHQWRGHGDGRV &DStWXOR 0HWRGRORJLDVSDUDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHOHDUQZDUH 3UREOHPDVFRPDVPHWRGRORJLDVWUDGLFLRQDLV 0HWRGRORJLDSURSRVWD &DStWXOR (VWXGRGHFDVR )RUPDomRGDHTXLSHHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV $WLYLGDGHVLQLFLDLV &LFORGHGHVLJQLWHUDWLYR

&DStWXOR &RQFOXVmR 7UDEDOKRVIXWXURV 5HIHUrQFLDVELEOLRJUiILFDV $SrQGLFH


16/90


17/90

/LVWDGHILJXUDV

&DStWXOR 'HVLJQFHQWUDGRQRXVXiULR )LJXUD /DERUDWyULRGHXVDELOLGDGHGD2UDFOHHVSHFLDOPHQWHSUHSDUDGR SDUDVHVV}HVGHGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYR XL XV RUDF O H F RP )LJXUD /DERUDWyULRGHXVDELOLGDGHGR1LHOVHQ1 RUPDQ*URXSHVSHFLDOPHQWH SUHSDUDGRSDUDWHVWHVFRPXVXiULRV ZZZXVH L W F RP

)LJXUD 7HVWHGHXVDELOLGDGHQR,'($/DEFRPHVWXGDQWHVGD 8QLYHUVLGDGHGH0HOERXUQH LGHD ODEG L V XQLPHOE HGXDX &DStWXOR 3URWRWLSDomRUiSLGD)LJXUD 3URWyWLSRVGHGRLVZHEVLWHVjHVTXHUGDDVYHUV}HVGHEDL[D ILGHOLGDGHjGLUHLWDDVYHUV}HVGHILGHOLGDGHPDLRU )LJXUD 3URWyWLSRGHXPDFDL[DGHGLiORJRFRPWRGRVRVHOHPHQWRV GDLQWHUIDFHSURWRWLSDGRVHPSDSHO

)LJXUD (QYHORSHFRQWHQGRDVSH oDVSURWRWLSDGDV )LJXUD 'XDVLGpLDVGHGHVLJQSURWRWLSDGDVHPSDSHOSDUDXPHQJHQKRGHEXVFD )LJXUD .LWWtSLFRSDUDDFRQVWUXomRGHSURWyWLSRVHPSDSHO )LJXUD ([HPSORGHOLVWDVGURSGRZQSURWRWLSDGDVHPSDSHO )LJXUD (PXPGLDJUDPDGHDILQLGDGHVDHTXLSHRUGHQDREVHUYDo}HV LQGLYLGXDLVHPJUXSRVUHODFLRQDGRV &DStWXOR 0HWRGRORJLDVSDUDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHOHDUQZDUH

)LJXUD 3ULQFLSDLVDWLYLGDGHVHGRFXPHQWRVJHUDGRVQDPHWRGRORJLDSURSRVWD &DStWXOR &RQFOXVmR)LJXUD (QYHORSHFRQWHQGRXPDFySLDGDSULPHLUDYHUVmRGRSURWyWLSR )LJXUD 3HoDVGDVHJXQGDYHUVmRGRSURWyWLSR


18/90


19/90

&

,QWURGXomR

3HVTXLVDUHDOL]DGDHPSHOR,QVWLWXWR1D FLRQDOGH(VWXGRVH3HVTXLVDV,1(3UHYHORXTXH

DOXQRVGRHQVLQREiVLFRPDQLIHVWDPGLILFXOGDGHVGHUDFLRFtQLRSULQFLSDOPHQWHTXDQGRRDVVXQWR

pPDWHPiWLFD'HDFRUGRFRPDSHVTXLVDQDUHJLmR1RUGHVWHGRVDOXQRVTXHHVWmRSUHVWHVD

FRQFOXLURHQVLQRPpGLRDSUHVHQWDPHVWiJLRFUtWLFRRXPXLWRFUtWLFRHPPDWHPiWLFDQR1RUWHR

tQGLFHVREUHSDUD2JRYHUQRIHGHUDODSRQWDYiULDVFDXVDVUHVSRQViYHLVSRUWDOVLWXDomRGHQWUHDVTXDLVDFDSDF L WDomRGHSUR I HVVRUHV ILJXUDFRPRXPGRVSULQFLSDLVSUREOHP DV1RPrV

GHPDLRGRDQRFRUUHQWHRH[ PLQLVWURGD(GXFDomR7DUVR*HQURODQoRXR3ODQRGH4XDOLGDGH

SDUD(GXFDomR%iVLFDFXMRREMHWLYRpHOHYDUDTXDOLGDGHGRHQVLQREiVLFRQR%UDVLO2SODQRp

UHVXOWDGRGHWUrVPHVHVGHDYDOLDomRHGLDJQyVWLFRGDVLW XDomRGRHQVLQREiVLFRQRSDtV2SURMHWR

DSUHVHQWDSURSRVWDVHVWUDWpJLFDVSDUDDIRUPDomRGHSURIHVVRUHVQR DQRTXHIRL LQVWLWXtGRSHOR

0(&0LQLVWpULRGD(GXFDomRFRPRRGDTXDOLGDGHVRFLDOGDHGXFDomREiVLFDQR%UDVLO


20/90

$LQIRUPiWLFDWHPSDSHOIXQGDPHQ WDOQDUHHVWUXWXUDomRGHVVHFHQiULR$EUDQFKHV

FRQVWDWDTXHRSURFHVVRGHDPSOLDomRGDSUHVHQoDGDVWHFQRORJLDVGHLQIRUPDomRHFRPXQLFDomR

DWLQJHYiULDViUHDVGDVRFLHGDGHPXQGLDOHGRFRQKHFLPHQWR2DXWRUFRPSOHWDTXH WDPEpPD

HGX FD omR PHVPRTXH SDUD D O JXQV H V WXG L R VR V G H I R UPD WD UG LD F RPHoD D V H U S UR IXQGDPHQ W H

D I HW DGD QmR V y Q RV V HXV Pp WRG RV F RPR Q RV V HXV RE MH W LY RV F RP D S U HV HQo D F DGD Y H] PD LV

I UHTHQWH GH FRPSXWDGRUHV QR VHX GLDDGLD &RPR DWRUFKDYH QD HGXFDomR WDPEpP R

SURIHVVRUIRL LQIOXHQFLDGRSHODFKHJDGDGDWHFQRORJLDQDVHVFRODV'LPHQVWHLQQRVDOHUWD

TXH KRM H R S U RI LV V LRQD O TX H Qm R V H PDQW pP D W XD O L]DGR F RP QRY R V V R IWZD U HV V L VW HPD V H

W H FQ RO R JL D V F RU U H R U L VF R G H V H Y H U F RPS OH W DPHQW H G H ID VDG R F RP S RXF RV DQ RV G H I R UPDGR

Q H FH V VL WDQGR DG RW D U KiEL WR V G H DS UHQGL ]D J HP S H UPDQHQ WH SD UD S RGH U F RQ WL QXD U F DSD] G H

DFRPSDQKDUDV W UDQVIRUPDo}HVGRPHUFDGRS%DELQH.RXORXPGMLDQGHIHQGHPRDSRLR GDV GLYHUVDV PtGLDV QHVVH SURFHVVR H DFUHVFHQWDP TXH p S U H FL V R TXH I L OPH W H O HY L VmR

D XG LR YL VX DO H L PD JHP H QW UHP Q D I RUPD om R j V Y H] HV F RP R D X[ LO LD UH V Q D H [S OR UD om R

LQ W HO H FWXD O PDJ LV W UDO j V Y H] HV LQ W HL UDPHQ W H F RPR RX WUD PDQHL UD F RPS O H WDPHQW H G L Y HU VD G H

FRPSUHHQGHUSHORSUD]HUSHODDUWH SHODDSUR[LPDomRVHQVRULDOH LQWXLW LYDS

(QWUHWDQWR HVWXGRV FRQGX]LGRV SRU 5RVHQ H :HLO UHYHODP HQWUH RXWUDV

FRQVWDWDo}HVTXHHPERUDDVHVFRODVGHIRUPDJHUDOHVWHMDPHTXLSDGDVFRPFRPSXWDGRUHV

PXLWRVSURIHVVRUHVVmRWHFQRIyELFRVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHDTXHOHVGRVHQVLQRVIXQGDPH QWDOHPpGLR

0RRLMH6PHHWVDOHUWDPTXH VH RV SUR I HVVRUHV QmR HV W L YHUHPFRQI LDQW HV HPVXDSUySULD

KDEL OL G DG H RX F RPS HW rQ FL D SD UD X WL O L] D U F RPSXW DGR U HV L V WR S RG H F UL D U REV W iF X OR V D R V HX

GHVH MR GH LQ W URGX]LU W H FQRORJ LD HPVXDVD ODGHDXOD 2VDXWRUHVDLQGDUHSRUWDPTXHDUD]mR

PDLV LPSRUWDQWH TXH SURIHVVRUHV PHQFLRQDUDP HP XPD SHVTXLVD LQWHUQDFLRQDO SDUD QmR

XWLOL]DUHPWHFQRORJLDVGHLQIRUPDomRHFRPXQLFDomRpTXHHVWDVQmROKHVVmRIDPLOLDUHVHHOHVQmR

VHVHQWHPVHJXURVHPXWLOL]iODV=KDRH&]LNRGHQRPLQDPLVVRGHSULQFtSLRGRFRQWUROH

L H RSURIHVVRUSUHFLVDFRQKHFHUDWHFQRORJLDHVHQWLU VHFRQILDQWHQRVHXXVRFRPRIDWRU

SVLFROyJLFRGHPRWLYDomRHFDSDFLWDomR

6HJXQGR 1DVFLPHQWR p HVVHQFLDOPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH TXH KDMD QXP SULPHLUR

PRPHQWR XPD FRQVFLHQWL]DomR GR SURIHVVRU DFHUFD GDV SRWHQFLDOLGDGHV H[LVWHQWHV WDQWR QR

FRPSXWDGRUTXDQWRQHOHSUySULR2SURIHVVRUGHYHFRPSUHHQGHUTXHQRFRQWH[WRSHGDJyJLFRR

FRPSXWDGRUDSHQDVVH WRUQDUiXPD IHUUDPHQWD UHDOPHQWH ~WLOTXDQGR SXGHU LQWHUDJLU FRP VXD

PHQWHFULDWLYD%DELQH.RXORXPGMLDQDUJXPHQWDPTXH DGXSODKRPHPPiTXLQDWRUQD

V H L Q WH O LJ HQW H Qm R S R U F DX VD GD PiTX LQD PD V S R U F DXVD G R K RPHP QRTXH/qY\

GHQRPLQDGHHFRORJLDFRJQLWLYD'HDFRUGRFRPR~OWLPRDX WRUDFRQYLYrQFLDHQWUHKRPHPH


21/90

PiTXLQD DSUHVHQWDVH FRPR QHFHVViULD DR IRUWDOHFLPHQWR GH VXDV SUySULDV UHODo}HV SRLV DV

WHFQRORJLDVLQWHOHFWXDLVVHPSUHVLQDOL]DPXPDIXQomRFRJQLWLYDGRKRPHPHFRQWULEXHPSDUDD

FRQWtQXDUHFRQVWUXomRGRVHXVDEHUVHQGR RGLiORJRXPDFRQVWDQWHHQWUHRVGRLV

(QWUH WDQ W R R TXH V H Y r p MX V WDPHQ W H XPD rQ ID V H PD LRU VRE U H D PiTX LQD H HP V HX

SRGHU VXUJLQGR R PHGR H D LQVHJXUDQoD FRPR FRQVHTrQFLDV GHV WD SRVV tYH O DSUR[LPDomR

DILUPD 1DVFLPHQWR 5RVHQ H :HLO FR QFOXHP TXH XPD GDV SULQFLSDLV FDXVDV GR

PHGR GD WHFQRORJLD GHPRQVWUDGR SHORSURIHVVRU p VXD SUHRFXSDomR H[FHVVLYD HP DSUHQGHU D

XVDU FRPSXWDGRUHVHVRIWZDUHV1HVWHSRQWRSHUFHEH VHTXHDEDL[DTXDOLGDGHGRVVRIWZDUHV

HGXFDWLYRVSDUDIRUPDomRGH SURIHVVRU HVWHPFRQWULEXtGRSDUDRDXPHQWRGHVVDUHVLVWrQFLDSRU

SDUWHGHVWHV~OWLPRV7DLVVLVWHPDVVmRJHUDOPHQWHGHVHQYROYLGRVVHJXQGRPRGHORVHSURFHVVRV

FXMRIRFRQmRVmRRVGRFHQWHVHVXDVQHFHVVLGDGHVFRPRXVXiULRVGHVRIWZDUHHGXFDFLRQDLV /DJH=XEHQNRH&DWDOGLHQIDWL]DPTXH RSRQWR LQ L F LD O >QRGHVLJQGH O HDUQZDUH

L H VLVWHPDVFXMRSURSyVLWRPDLRUpHQVLQDUDOJR@ p G H W H F WD U D Q H F HV V L GDGH HGX FDF L RQD O SDUD R

GHVHQYROY LPHQWR GR SURJUDPD2V DXWRUHVHVFODUHFHP DLQGDTXH R FRQFHLWRGH TXDOLGDGHGH

O HDUQZDUHV HVWiUHODFLRQDGRDRIDWRGHTXHHVWHWLSRGHSURJUDPDSRVVXLFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVEDVWDQWH

SDUWLFXODUHV GH DFRUGR FRP VHXV REMHWLYRV FXUULFXODUHV H DV QHFHVVLGDGHV HVSHFtILFDV GH VHX

S~EOLFRDOYReMXVWDPHQWHSRULVVR DILUPDPRVPHVPRVDXWRUHV TXHDXIHULUDTXDOLGDGHGH

VRIWZDUHV HGXFDWLYRV p XP SURFHVVR TXH FRQVLVWHHP GHWHUPLQDU VHX JUDX GHDGDSWDomR D XP

FRQWH[WRHVSHFtILFRSDUDRTXDOFRQYHUJHXPDVpULHGHYDULiYHLV$OpPGRVDWULEXWRVGHFXUUtFXOR

H DXGLrQFLD RXWURV H[HPSORVGH WDLVFDU DFWHUtVWLFDV VHULDP HVWLOR GH HQVLQR H IDL[D HWiULD TXH

UHTXHUHPXPDDQiOLVHSUySULD

:DUGMiHQIDWL]DYDDQHFHVVLGDGHGHKDYHUHVWXGRVTXHGHPRQVWUDVVHPTXHWHVWHV

FRP XVXiULRV GXUDQWH R SURFHVVR GH GHVLJQ IRUQHFHULDP LQIRUPDo}HV TXH UHVXOWDULDP H P XP

PHOKRUGHVLJQ2DXWRUVXJHUHDLQGDTXHWDLVWHVWHVHVWDULDPGHQWURGRVUHFXUVRVHFDSDFLGDGHVGH

GHVLJQHUV LQGXVWULDLV &DVWUR H $JXLDU FRQVWDWDP TXH DV DSOLFDo}HV WrP LQFRUSRUDGR

UHFXUVRVGDVPDLVYDULDGDVPtGLDVGHFRPXQLFDomRHDPSOLDGRVXD ViUHDVGHXWLOL]DomRFRPJUDQGH

UDSLGH] 7DO IDWR WHP JHUDGR XP ODSVR QD HVIHUD GD (QJHQKDULD GH 6RIWZDUH SRLV HVWD QmR

FRQVHJXHHODERUDUSURFHGLPHQWRVTXHDFRPSDQKHPFRPDPHVPDYHORFLGDGHHDSOLFDELOLGDGHD

XWLOL]DomRGHVVHVUHFXUVRV6HQGRDVVLPQHVW H WUDEDOKRSURSRPRVXPDPHWRGRORJLDFHQWUDGDQR

XVXiULR SDUD R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH O HDUQZDUH HP SDUWLFXODU DSOLFDo}HV PXOWLPtGLD SDUD D

IRUPDomRGH SURIHVVRUHV LQYHVWLJDQGR RV SULQFLSDLV EHQHItFLRV TXHD WpFQLFDGH SURWRWLSDomR

UiSLGDSRGHWUD]HUDRGH VLJQLWHUDWLYRGHWDLVVLVWHPDV


22/90

(VWH PDWHULDO HVWi RUJDQL]DGR GD VHJXLQWH IRUPD QR FDStWXOR WUDWDUHPRV VREUH R

FRQFHLWR GH GHVLJQ FHQWUDGR QR XVXiULR HPTXH DV QHFHVVLGDGHV GHVHMRV H OLPLWDo}HV GRV

XVXiULRVILQDLVGHXPVLVWHPDVmRH[WHQVDPHQWHFRQ VLGHUDGRVHPFDGDHVWiJLRGRSURFHVVRGH

GHVLJQ'LVFXWLUHPRVDLQGDDVWUrVGLPHQV}HVGRGHVLJQFHQWUDGRQRXVXiULRGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYR

WHVWHVFRPXVXiULRVHGHVLJQLWHUDWLYR-iQRFDStWXORDSUHVHQWDUHPRVRPpWRGRGHSURWRWLSDomR

UiSLGD GLVFXWLQGR DV YDQWDJHQV GH VH HODERUDU SURWyWLSRV FRPQtYHLV FUHVFHQWHV GH ILGHOLGDGH

DOJXPDVHVWUDWpJLDVGHGHVLJQSDUDRFLFORGHSURWRWLSDomRHDWpFQLFDTXHXWLOL]DSURWyWLSRVGH

SDSHO 1R FDStWXOR UHYLVDUHPRV DOJXQV SURFHVVRV SDUD R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH VRIWZD UH

HGXFDWLYR H SURSRUHPRV XPD PHWRGRORJLD EDVHDGD HP DQiOLVH GH PHUFDGR HQWUHYLVWDV FRP

HVSHFLDOLVWDVHDQiOLVHGH FRPSHWLGRUHVFXMRHOHPHQWR FKDYHp XPFLFORGH SURWRWLSDomRUiSLGD

FRPWHVWHVGHXVDELOLGDGHMXQWRDXVXiULRVUHDLV'HVFUHYHUHPRVQRFDSt WXORRSURMHWR0tGLDV(GXFDWLYDVTXHWHPXWLOL]DGRHUHILQDGRDPHWRGRORJLDSURSRVWDHUHSUHVHQWDRHVWXGRGHFDVR

SDUDDWpFQLFDGHSURWRWLSDomRUiSLGD3RUILPQRFDStWXORFRQFOXLUHPRVRSUHVHQWHWUDEDOKR

UHODWDQGRRVUHVXOWDGRVREWLGRVHDSRQWD QGRDQHFHVVLGDGHHUHOHYkQFLDGHIXWXURVWUDEDOKRV


23/90

&

'HVLJQFHQWUDGRQRXVXiULR

$RORQJRGDKLVWyULDGD(QJHQKDULDGH6RIWZDUHSRGH VHSHUFHEHUFRPFODUH]DXPDSUHRFXSDomR

FUHVFHQWHQR TXHVHUHIHUHDRIDWRUT XDOLGDGH WDQWRQR kPELWRDFDGrPLFRTXDQWRQR LQGXVWULDO

$FUHGLWDYDVH TXH R WHUPR TXDOLGDGHGH VRIWZDUHGL]LD UHVSHLWRDSHQDVjTXHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV

TXHSRGHULDPVHUHQFRQWUDGDVQRSURGXWRILQDORXVHMDQDTXLORTXHHUDHIHWLYDPHQWHHQWUHJXHDR

FOLHQWH (QWUHWDQWR GHYLGR j GHPDQGD SRU VLVWHPDV PDLV FRPSOH[RV H DR FRQVHTHQWH

DFLUUDPHQWR GD FRQFRUUrQFLD QHVVH VHJPHQWR GH PHUFDGR DV HPSUHVDV QRWDUDP TXH DTXHOD

GHILQLomR GHTXDOLGDGH Mi QmR HUD PDLV VXILFLHQWH SDUD JDUDQWLU VHX VXFHVVR 7RUQRX VHDVVLP

LPSUHVFLQGtYHOEXVFDUPDWXULGDGHFDGDYH]PDLRUQmRVySDUDRSURGXWRJHUDGRPDVWDPEpP

SDUDRVSURFHVVRVPRGHORVHQRUPDVTXHFRQGX]LULDPRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVRIWZDUH


24/90

6DEHVH KRMH TXH RV HVIRUoRV GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH VLVWHPDV FRPSXWDFLRQDLV GHYHP

HVWDUFRQFHQWUDGRVHPVXDVIDVHVLQLFLDLVGHFRQFHSomRHSURMHWRGHIRUPDDUHGX]LUDRPi[LPRD

SUREDELOLGDGHGHTXHHYHQWXDLVSUREOHPDVDSDUHoDPQDVHWDSDVVHJXLQWHVSULQFLSDOPHQWHDTXHOHV

FDXVDGRVHPGHFRUUrQFLDGHPXGDQoDVQmRSUHYLVWDVQRVUHTXLVLWRV LQLFLDLV+DOODILUPD

KDYHUHYLGrQFLDVGHTXHXPSURMHWRGHEDL[DTXDOLGDGHSRGHWUD]HURXWURVFXVWRVDGLFLRQDLVDXPD

HPSUHVD VHMD SRU PHLR GR DWHQGLPHQWR DRV XVXiULRV GHYLGR D UHFODPDo}HV RX VROLFLWDomR GH

VHUYLoRV VHMD DWUDYpV GD GHYROXomR GH EHQV 6HJXQGR R DXWRU XP GHVLJQ GH EDL[D TXDOLGDGH

FDXVDULDWDPEpPUHGXomRQDVYHQGDVGHWDOHPSUHVDGHYLGRjEDL[DDFHLWDomRGRFRQVXPLGRU

XPD LPDJHP GHILFLHQWH GR SURGXWR H RV HIHLWRV DVVRFLDGRV GD SHUFHSomR GR FOLHQWH VREUH D

FRPSDQKLDHPVL

(PERUDDWXDOPHQWHSRVVDVHUFRQVWDWDGDSRUSDUWHGDVHPSUHVDVXPDrQIDVHPDLRUQRVSURFHVVRV GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR .XMDOD .DXSSLQHQ H 5HNROD REVHUYDP TXH PXLWRV

VLVWHPDVVLPSOHVPHQWHQmRDWHQGHPjVH[SHFWDWLYDVEiVLFDVGHVHXVXVXiULRVVHQGRUDSLGDPHQWH

DEDQGRQDGRVSRUHOHV0XLWRVHWHPGLYDJDGRVREUHDVSRVVtYHLVUD]}HVSDUDHVVDVLWXDomRHQWUH

HODV WpFQLFDV GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR TXH QmR VXSRUWDP HVFDODELOLGDGH LQWHUGHSHQGrQFLDV QmR

FRQWURODGDVGHQWURGRVSURJUDPDVHVLVWHPDVRSHUDFLRQDLVGHIHLWXRVRV(Q WUHWDQWRYiULRVDXWRUHV

FRPR &RQVWDQWLQH H /RFNZRRG WrP GHPRQVWUDGR TXH R SULQFLSDO SUREOHPD QmR p

PHUDPHQWH WHFQROyJLFR PDV VLP FRQFHLWXDO L H HVWi MXVWDPHQWH QDTXLOR TXH DTXHODV

PHWRGRORJLDVFRQVLGHUDPVHURREMHWRFHQWUDOGHVHXHVWXGR

3DUD HOHV D (QJHQKDULD GH 6RIWZDUH WUDGLFLRQDO WHP FRQVWUXtGR VLVWHPDV FXMR IRFR

SULPiULR VmR VXDVIXQFLRQDOLGDGHV H PHVPR VXDV HVWUXWXUDV LQWHUQDV RX VHMD SURFHVVDPHQWR

OyJLFR FRUUHWR GHVHPSHQKR DGHTXDGR HQWUH RXWUDV 3DUD GHPRQVWUDomR SRGH VHFLWDU R 583

5DWL RQD O 8Q LI LH G 3URF H VV FHUWDPHQWH R SURFHVVR GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH VRIWZDUH PDLV

GLIXQGLGRKRMHQRVPHLRVFLHQWtILFRHFRPHUFLDOTXH QDVSDODYUDVGRSUySULR.UXFKWHQ

XPGHVHXVPDLVFRQKHFLGRVGHIHQVRUHV pXPSURFHVVRF HQW UDGRQDDUTXL W H WXUD FDStWXOR

RX DLQGD G LU LJ LG R D F DV RV G H XV R FDStWXOR &RQIRUPH FRQKHFLPHQWR JHUDO GD

FRPXQLGDGH GH VRIWZDUH FDVRV GHXVR FRQVWLWXHPVH HP XPD YLVmR GH SURMHWR FHQWUDGD QR

V L V W HPD.UXFKWHQDLQGDRVGHILQHFRPRVHQGRQDGDPDLVTXHXPDVHT rQFLDGHDo}HVIOX[RGH

HYHQWRVDWUDYpVGRVLVWHPDTXHJHUDPXPUHVXOWDGRGHYDORUREVHUYiYHODXPDWRUSDUWLFXODU

9DOHUHFRUGDUDTXLTXHHP80/8QLI L HG0RGHO LQJ/DQJXDJH DOLQJXDJHPGHPRGHODJHPH

HVSHFLILFDomR XWLOL]DGD QR 583 R TXH FDUDFWHUL]D FRPR UHDOPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH R FRQFHLWR GH

DWRUpVHXSDSHO QR V L V WHPD QmRRVDVSHFWRVGRXVXiULRTXHHOHUHSUHVHQWD7RUQD VHDVVLP

FODUR TXH WDLV SURFHVVRV VmR FHQWUDGRV QD IXQFLRQDOLGDGH GRV VLVWHPDV TXH VH SURS}HP D


25/90


26/90

6HQGRDVVLPWRGRRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHSURGXWRVWHFQROyJLFRVGHYHULDWHUVHXIRFRHP

TXHP DILQDO XWLOL]DUi HVVDV WHFQRORJLDV 1RUPDQ H 'UDSHU 1RUPDQ H

6KQHLGHUPDQPRVWUDP TXHSDUDVHHYLWDUSUREOHPDVGHXVD ELOLGDGHGHVLJQHUV GHYHULDP

HPSUHJDUXPDDERUGDJHPHUJRQ{PLFD RXFHQWUDGDQRXVXiULR HPVHXWUDEDOKRGHSURMHWR

(PWHUPRVJHUDLVGHILQHVHRGHVLJQFHQWUDGRQRXVXiULRGRLQJOrV XVHU F HQW HUHGGHV L JQ FRPR

XPDILORVRILDRXPHWRGRORJLDGHSURMHWRSRU PHLRGDTXDODVQHFHVVLGDGHVGHVHMRVHOLPLWDo}HV

GRVXVXiULRVILQDLVGHXPVLVWHPDVmRH[WHQVDPHQWHFRQVLGHUDGRVHPFDGDHVWiJLRGRSURFHVVRGH

GHVLJQ8PDDERUGDJHPFHQWUDGDQRXVXiULRFRQIRUPHHVFODUHFH+DOOHQYROYHFRQKHFHU

TXHPVmRRVXVXiULRVGRVLVWHPDTXDLVVmRVXDVTXDOLILFDo}HVQHFHVVLGDGHVHH[SHFWDWLYDVTXDLV

VmRVHXVREMHWLYRVHDVWDUHIDVQHFHVViULDVSDUDRVDOFDQoDUDOpPGHFRQKHFHURVDPELHQWHVItVLFRV

HVRFLDLVHPTXHWDLVXVXiULRVH[HFXWDPVHXWUDEDOKR (DVRQGHVFUHYHWUrVIRUPDVGHGHVLJQFHQWUDGRQRXVXiULRGHSHQGHQGRGRWLSRGH

GHVLJQHPGHVHQYROYLPHQWR

*HQpULFRLVWRpGHVLJQIHLWRSDUDRXVXiULRRQGHRSDSHOGRPHVPRpFRPRVXMHLWR

QRVWHVWHVGHGHVLJQHJ SURGXWRVGHFRQVXPRRXVRIWZDUHHPJHUDO

(VSHFtILFR RX VHMD GHVLJQ IHLWR S H OR XVXiULR RQGH R SDSHO GR PHVPR p FRPR

SDUWLFLSDQWH QR SURFHVVR GH GHVLJQ H J XPD DSOLFDomR GH VRIWZDUH SDUD DWHQGHU

QHFHVVLGDGHVHVSHFtILFDVGHXPDFRPSDQKLD

$GDSWiYHO HP RXWUDV SDODYUDV GHVLJQ DGDSWDGR S H O R XVXiULR RQGH R SDSHO GR

PHVPR p FRQWURODU FRPR D LQWHUIDFH VH DSUHVHQWD HRX RSHUD SDUD HOH HJ

LQGLYLGXDOL]DUDLQWHUIDFHSDUDVLVWHPDVRSHUDFLRQDLVHPFRPSXWDGRUHVSHVVRDLV

2PHVPRDXWRUWDPEpPGHVFUHYHXPDIRUPDJHQpULFDGHGHVLJQFHQWUDGRQRXVXiULR

3ULPHLUDPHQWHDX[LOLDVHRVXVXiULRVDDUWLFXODUVXDVQHFHVVLGDGHVFRPRSDUWHGRV

UHTXLVL WRV JHUDLVGRSURGXWRTXHVmRIXQomRHQWUHRFRQWH[WRHPTXHRSURGXWRVHUi

XWLOL]DGRHDVWDUHIDVSDUWLFXODUHVDVHUHPH[HFXWDGDV

6HJXQGRIRUPXODPVHYiULDVRSo}HVGHGHVLJQTXHGHYHPFRQVLGHUDUWDQWRUHVWULo}HV

WpFQLFDVFRPRVRFLDLV

(PWHUFHLUROXJDUDYDOLDVHRJUDXHPTXHDVRSo}HVDWHQGHPDRV UHTXLVL WRV


27/90

(DVRQ HVFODUHFH TXH HVSHFLDOLVWDV H[WHUQRV SRGHP VHUQHFHVViULRV SDUD DMXGDU D

LGHQWLILFDURSo}HVGH G HVLJQPDVTXHRVUHTXLVLWRVS HU WHQFHPH[FOXVLYDPHQWHDRVXVXiULRV+DOO

HVWHQGH RPRGHORGH (DVRQVXJHULQGRTXH XWLOL]DQGRVHSULPHLUDPHQWHPRFNXSVGH

EDL[D ILGHOLGDGH GDV RSo}HV LQLFLDLV GH GHVLJQ RV UHVXOWDGRV GDV DYDOLDo}HV FRP XVXiULRV

SRGHULDPUHDOLPHQWDUXPDUH LQVSHomRGDVQHFHVVLGDGHVGHVWHV$VVLPEDVHDQGR VHHPTXDOTXHU

UHYLVmR GRV UHTXLVLWRV ILGHOLGDGH H[WUD VHULD VHU DJUHJDGD jV QRYDV RSo}HV GH GHVLJQ (VVDV

HQWmRSRGHULDPVHUDYDOLDGDVSRUXVXiULRVSDUDIRUQHFHU I H HGEDFNDGLFLRQDOSDUDXPDVHJXQGD

UHYLVmRGRVUHTXLVLWRVHVHQHFHVViULRXPDWHUFHLUDLWHUDomRGRSURFHVVRGHGHVLJQ

3RGHVHDUJXPHQWDQRHQWDQWRTXHLVVRMiRFRUUHQRVSURFHVVRVFOiVVLFRVGD(QJHQKDULD

GH6RIWZDUHRTXHDFUHVFHQWDULDHQWmRDREVHUYDomRGHXP DDERUGDJHPLWHUDWLYDFHQWUDGDQR

XVXiULR"+DOOUHVSRQGHDWDOTXHVWLRQDPHQWROHPEUDQGRTXHQDSUiWLFDRV UHTXLVL WRV GRXVXiULRUDUDPHQWHVmRDOWHUDGRVSRLVMiIRUDPDFRUGDGRVHQWUHR VWDNHKROGHUFOLHQWHHDHPSUHVD

GHVRIWZDUHHSRUWDQWRQmRV mRGLJQRVGHUHH[DPHPHVPRVREDOX]GRVUHVXOWDGRVGRVWHVWHV

FRP XVXiULRV 3HOR FRQWUiULR WHVWHV FRP XVXiULRV QD (QJHQKDULD GH 6RIWZDUH WUDGLFLRQDO

HQYROYHPGHWHUPLQDUTXDLVHQWUHDVYiULDVDOWHUQDWLYDVGHGHVLJQPHOKRUDWHQGHPDRVUHTXLVLWRVMi

DFRUGDGRV1RSUy[LPRFDStWXORWUDWDUHPRVHVSHFLILFDPHQWHVREUHRFLFORGHSURWRWLSDomRFRP

QtYHLVGHILGHOLGDGH

'HDFRUGRFRP1LHOVHQRGHVLJQFHQWUDGRQRXVXiULRHVWiRUJDQL]DGRHPHWDSDV

GHDQiOLVHGHUHTXLVLWRVGRVXVXiULRVHVSHFLILFDomRSURWRWL SDomRHDYDOLDomR

$QiOLVH 2 REMHWLYR GHVWD IDVH p LGHQWLILFDU RV XVXiULRV ILQDLV GD LQWHUIDFH

HVSHFLILFDQGR H HQWHQGHQGR R SURFHVVR SHOR TXDO UHDOL]DP VXD WDUHID H EXVFDQGR

H[WUDLUDVVXDVQHFHVVLGDGHVTXHGHYHPRULHQWDUWRGDVDVHWDSDVVHJXLQWHV$ IDVHGH

DQiOLVH FRQIRUPH DILUPD 1LHOVHQ WHP JUDQGH LPSRUWkQFLD QR LQtFLR GR

GHVHQYROYLPHQWRSRLVVHFDUDFWHUL]DFRPRDSULQFLSDOIRQWHGHLQIRUPDomRSDUDD

FRQFHSomRGRVLVWHPD

(VSHFLILFDomR$SyVDIDVHGHDQiOLVHTXHHQYROYHRHQWHQGLPHQWRG RSURFHVVRH

GD DWLYLGDGH UHDOL]DGD SHORV XVXiULRV DFRQWHFH D HVSHFLILFDomR GR VLVWHPD $

HVSHFLILFDomR GHYH SHUPLWLU TXH R XVXiULR DWLQMD VXDV PHWDV UHDOL]DQGR WDUHIDV GH

PDQHLUD LQWHUDWLYD H SUHFLVD 8PDHVSHFLILFDomR GHVFUHYH XP PRGHOR GH LQWHUDomR

RQGH R XVXiULR XWLOL]D IXQo}HV SURYLGDV SHOR VRIWZDUH YLVXDOL]D LQIRUPDo}HV RX

IRUQHFHGDGRVSDUDRSUySULRVLVWHPD


28/90

3URWRWLSDomR1DIDVHGHSURWRWLSDomRpUHDOL]DGDDFRQVWUXomRGHXPDLQWHUIDFH

SULPiULD QDTXDO SURFXUDVHREWHUXPDUHSUHVHQWDomRGRVF RQFHLWRV GHVHQYROYLGRV

QDVIDVHVDQWHULRUHV$DYDOLDomRGRSURWyWLSRpUHDOL]DGDFRPEDVHHPFRQWH[WRVGH

XWLOL]DomRHGHILQLGDXWLOL]DQGR VHFULWpULRVGHWHUPLQDGRVSHODHTXLSHGHSURMHWR

$YDOLDomR$DYDOLDomRGDLQWHUIDFHpXPLPSRUWDQWHSDVVRGRSURF HVVRGHGHVLJQ

SRLVpDWUDYpVGHODTXHVHFRQVHJXHHVWLPDURVXFHVVRRXIUDFDVVRGDVKLSyWHVHVGR

GHVLJQHUVREUHDVROXomRTXHHOHHVWiSURSRQGRWDQWRHPWHUPRVGHIXQFLRQDOLGDGH

TXDQWRGH LQWHUDomR+DUWVRQDUJXPHQWDTXHDLQGDTXHR GHVLJQHUVH EDVHLH

HPXPDDERUGDJHPWHyULFDHFRQWHFRPDDMXGDGHGLUHWUL]HVJXLGHOLQHVHSULQFtSLRV

GHGHVLJQpQHFHVViULRTXHHOHDYDOLHRUHVXOWDGRILQDOREWLGR

0XLWRHPERUDDVLVWHPDWL]DomRDFLPDSRVVDjSULPHLUDYLVWDFDXVDUDOJXPWLSRGHUHFHLR

SRU SDUWH GH HPSUHVDV TXH Mi SRVVXHP VXDV SUySULDV PHWRGRORJLDV GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH

VRIWZDUH EHP GHILQLGDV R GHVLJQ FHQWUDGR QR XVXiULR DSUHVHQWD VH QD UHDOLGDGH FRPR XP

FRQMXQWRGHWpFQLFDVEDVHDGDVHPIDWRUHVKXPDQRVTXHSRGHPHGHYHPVHULQWHJUDGDVjTXHODV

PHWRGRORJLDV 3DUD *RXOG H /HZLV 6KDFNHO H *RXOG XPD DERUGDJHP

FHQWUDGDQRXVXiULRHQYROYHEDVLFDPHQWHSURFHVVRVGHGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRWHVWHVFRPXVXiULRVH

GHVLJQLWHUDWLYR$VHJXLUDSUHVHQWDUHPRVXPDVXFLQWDUHYLVmRGDOLWHUDWX UDDUHVSHLWRGHFDGDXPDGHVVDVGLPHQV}HVGRGHVLJQFHQWUDGRQRXVXiULR

'HVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYR

0XLWDV DERUGDJHQV GH GHVLJQ SULQFLSDOPHQWH DTXHODV XWLOL]DGDV HP HVWXGRV H SURMHWRV TXH

HQYROYHPHUJRQRPLDSUHVVXS}HPTXHRSURMHWLVWDGHWpPFRQKHFLPHQW RVXILFLHQWHSDUDDJLUHPQRPHGRXVXiULRDSOLFDQGRFRQFHLWRVHSULQFtSLRVJHUDLVGHVHQYROYLGRVHYDOLGDGRVSRUPHLRGH

SHVTXLVDV7DLVDERUGDJHQVFDUDFWHUL]DP VHFRPRVHQGRSDUDRXVXiULRHVWDQGRVRERHQFDUJR

GRGHVLJQHUGHFLGLURTXHDILQDOVHULDPH OKRUSDUDDTXHOH(QWUHWDQWRMXVWDPHQWHFRPRFUtWLFDDR

TXHIRLGHVFULWRDQWHULRUPHQWHRGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRVXUJLXFRPRXPDDERUGDJHPGHSURMHWR

TXH EXVFD HQYROYHU DWLYDPHQWH XVXiULRV ILQDLV FRPR FRODERUDGRUHV QR SURFHVVR GH GHVLJQ

5RVVRQH&DUUROODILUPDPTXH QRGHV L JQ FRRSHUDW LYR D OJXPDVYH]HV WDPEpPFKDPDGR


29/90

GH G H V LJQ SDU WL F LSD W LYR XP V L V WHPD LQ W HUD W LYR HPHUJH D W UDY p V G H XPD F R ODERUDomR G L U HW D

HQWUHGHVLJQHUVHXVXiULRVHPSRWHQFLDO

.XKQH:LQRJUDGWHVWHPXQKDPTXHDVPDLRUHVFRPS DQKLDVGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWR

GHVRIWZDUHMiFRQVLGHUDYDPFRPXPRFRQKHFLPHQWRGHTXHpLPSRUWDQWHSURMHWDU FRPRXVXiULR

DR LQYpV GH SURMHWDU SDUD HOH %GNHU GHPRQVWUD R TXDQWR p HVVHQFLDO DRV XVXiULRV

H[SHULPHQWDU PDQXDOPHQWH PRFNXSV H SURWyWLSRV SDUWLFLSDQGR DWLYDPHQWH GR GHVLJQ GH

DSOLFDo}HV &RQVLGHUDPVH DWHQWDPHQWH TXHVW}HV LQHUHQWHV DR VHU KXPDQR FRPR GHVHMRV

DPELo}HV FUHQoDVHPRo}HV HWF 2 REMHWLYR GHVVDSUiWLFDp JDUDQWLUTXH R SURGXWRGD IRUPD

FRPRIRLSURMHWDGRDWHQGDjVQHFHVVLGDGHV GHVHXVXVXiULRVWRUQDQGRVHDVVLPXViYHO'HVLJQ

SDUWLFLSDWLYR LPSOLFD HP HQYROYHU XVXiULRV FRPR SDUWLFLSDQWHV QR WLPH HTXLSH GH GHVLJQ

+DFNRVH5HGLVKGHIHQGHPTXH LQF OX L U XVXiULRV QR W LPHGHSUR M H WR p JHUD OPHQWHXPDJUDQGH LGp LD TXH GH I LQL W LYDPHQWH GHYHU LD WRUQDUVH SDUWH GH TXDOTXHU SURFHVVR VRI L VW L FDGR

F HQW UDGRQRXVXiULR1D)LJXUDDEDL[RSRGHVHYHUXPGRVODERUDWyULRVGHXVDELOLGDGHGD

2UDFOHHVSHFLDOPHQWHSUHSDUDGRSDUDVHVV}HVGHGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYR

2 HQYROYLPHQWR HQWUH XVXiULRV FOLHQWHV H GHVHQYROYHGRUHV SDUD SURMHWDU XPD GDGD

VROXomRVHGiQRUPDOPHQWHDWUDYpVGHZRUNVKRSV(VVHVHQFRQ WURVVmRLPSRUWDQWHVSRUXPD

VpULHGHUD]}HVGHQWUHDVTXDLVSDVVDPRVDFLWDU


30/90

8VXiULRVJDQKDPYR]QRSURFHVVRGHGHVLJQRTXHDXPHQWDDSUREDELOLGDGHGHVH

JHUDUXPGHVLJQFRPJUDQGHXVDELOLGDGH

3HUPLWHVHTXHFRODERUDGRUHVWpFQLFRVHQmR WpFQLFRVSRVVDPSDUWLFLSDULJXDOPHQWH

9LDELOL]DVHXPIyUXPSDUDWUDWDUVREUHWySLFRVGHLQWHUHVVHJHUDO

8WLOL]DPVHWpFQLFDVTXHSRGHPVHUIDFLOPHQWHDSUHQGLGDVHDSOLFDGDVHPDWLYLGDGHV

IXWXUDVGHQWURGDHPSUHVD

&RPRSDUWHHVVHQFLDOQRSURFHVVRGHVLJQFHQWUDGRQ RXVXiULRRGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRGHYH

VHUDSOLFDGRGHVGHDVIDVHVGHFRQFHSomRHSURMHWRGHVRIWZDUHQRWDGDPHQWHQDVHWDSDVLQLFLDVGH

HOLFLWDomR GH UHTXLVLWRV .XKQ H :LQRJUDG DSRQWDP TXH DV SHVTXLVDV VREUH GHVLJQ

SDUWLFLSDWLYRWrPGHVHQYROYLGRX PDYDULHGDGHGHWpFQLFDVQRVHQWLGRGHIDFLOLWDUDFRPXQLFDomR

GDV SRVVLELOLGDGHV GH QRYDV WHFQRORJLDV DRV XVXiULRV ILQDLV 5REHUWVRQ H[SOLFD TXH R

VXFHVVR HP WDO FRPXQLFDomR UHSUHVHQWD R IDWRU FKDYH SDUD XPD HOLFLWDomR FRQVLVWHQWH FRP

XVXiULRVHVRERSRQWRGHYLVWDGHVWHVDDXWRUDFODVVLILFDRVUHTXLVLWRVHP

&RQVFLHQWHVeRWLSRGHUHTXLVLWRFRPPDLRUSUREDELOLGDGHGHVHUPHQFLRQDGR

SHORXVXiULReDOJRSDUDRTXHHOHHVWiSDUWLFXODUHFRQVFLHQWHPHQWHDWHQWR HJ HX

TXHUR TXH D QRYD FkPHUD FD LED QR PHX ER O VR W L U H I R W R J UD I L D V G L J L W D L V H SR V VXD

XPDEDWHULDFRPDXWRQRPLDPDLRU

,QFRQVFLHQWHVeXPUHTXLVLWRQRUPDOPHQWHQmRFRPXQLFDGRSHORXVXiULRSRLV

HVWHQmRVDEHTXHSUHFLVDGHOH8PDUD]mRSDUDWDOVLWXDomRSRGHULDVHURXVXiULRHVWDU

WmRDFRVWXPDGRHPWHUDIXQFLRQDOLGDGHVDWLVIHLWDTXHHOHQmRPDLVLPDJLQDTXHHOD

VHMDXPUHTXLVLWRH J RXVXiULRSRGHQmRPHQFLRQDUjHTXLSHGHSURMHWRVHXGHVHMR

GHTXHDQRYDFkPHUDUHERELQHRILOPHTXDQGRD~OWLPDIRWRJUDILDIRUWLUDGD2XWURV

PRWLYRV VHULDP R XVXiULR SUHVVXS}H TXH WRGRV RV GHPDLV QD HTXLSH SRVVXHP RPHVPRFRQKHFLPHQWRVREUHRGRPtQLRTXHHOHSRUUHFHLRGHVXEHVWLPDURGHVLJQHU

PXLWDVYH]HVpGLItFLODRXVXiULRH[SOLFDUDEVROXWDPHQWHWRGRVRVGHWDOKHVVREUHDOJR

TXHHOHFRQKHFHEHPHWF

,QVRQKiYHLV6mRRVUHTXLVLWRVTXHRXVXiULRQmRFRPXQLFDSRUDFUHGLWDUTXHHOHV

VmRLPSRVVtYHLVGHVHUHPGHVHQYROYLGRVRXSRUQmRID]HUHPLGpLDGRTXHVHULDWHUR

SURGXWRHPPmRVHH[SHULPHQWDUHVVDQRYDWHFQRORJLDH J RXVXiULRSRGHSHQVDU


31/90

QmR YRX V HTXHU PHQF L RQDU TXH HX JR V WD U LD TXH D QRYD FkPHUD I R V V H j S URYD G H

iJXDSRLVVHL TXH LVVRQmRpSRVVtYHO GHVHU IHL WR

5REHUWVRQDUJXPHQWDTXHHPERUDDHQWUHYLVWDVHMDVHPG~YLGDVDWpFQLFDPDLV

XWLOL]DGDHPVHVV}HVGHGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLY RH~WLOHPPXLWDVVLWXDo}HVHODQmRFRQVHJXHWUD]HUj

WRQDWRGRVRVWLSRVGHUHTXLVLWRVGRXVXiULR$DXWRUDDLQGDH[SOLFDDPHOKRUXWLOL]DomRHPFDGD

WLSRGHFHQiULRGDVWpFQLFDVFRQVDJUDGDVQDOLWHUDWXUDSDUDHOLFLWDomRGHUHTXLVLWRVGHQWUHHODV

$EVWUDomR

$SUHQGL]DJHP

%UDLQVWRUPLQJ

0DSDVPHQWDLV

0RGHORVGHVLPXODomR

$UTXHRORJLDGHVLVWHPDV

*UDYDo}HVFRPYtGHR

3RQWRVGHYLVWD

1LHOVHQOLVWDRGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRFRPRRTXDUWRHVWiJLRHPVHXPRGHORGHFLFOR

GHYLGDGD(QJHQKDULDGH8V DELOLGDGHHHQIDWL]DD QHFHVVLGDGHFUXFLDOTXHRVSURMHWLVWDVWrPGH

WHUDFHVVRDXPDTXDQWLGDGHDGHTXDGDGHXVXiULRVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRVSHVVRDVTXHUHDOPHQWHHVWDUmR

XWLOL]DQGR R VLVWHPD 2 DXWRU FLWD TXHPHVPR JHUHQWHV EHP LQWHQFLRQDGRV QmRVXEVWLWXHP RV

XVXiULRVQRGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRSRLVHOHVJHUDOPHQWHGHVFRQKHFHPRVWySLFRVH[DWRVFRPTXHRV

XVXiULRVVHGHSDUDPHP VHXWUDEDOKRFRWLGLDQRDOpP GHWHUHPFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGLIHUHQWHV HP

PXLWRV DVSHFWRV GDTXHODV SUHVHQWHV QRV XVXiULRV UHDLV )UHTHQWHPH QWH XVXiULRV TXH

FRODERUDP HP ZRUNVKRSV GH GHVLJQ SDUWLFLSDWLYR OHYDQWDP TXHVW}HV jV TXDLV R WLPH GHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRSHUPDQHFLDFRPSOHWDPHQWHDOKHLRRTXHSRGHVHUHVSHFLDOPHQWHFRPSURYDGR

QRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRDPDO HQWHQGLGRVHPSRWHQFLDOHQWUHDVUHDLV WDUHIDVUHDOL]DGDVSHORVXVXiULRV

H R PRGHOR TXH RVGHVHQYROYHGRUHV WrP GDV PHVPDV DFUHVFHQWD1LHOVHQ 8VXiULRV

SDUWLFLSDQWHV GHQWURGH XPSURFHVVRGH GHVLJQVmRSRUYH]HVGHQRPLQDGRVGHHVSHFLDOLVWDVQR

GRPtQLRVXEMHF W PDWWHUH[SHUWV RX60(V

$ ILP GH VH REWHU R Pi[LPR GH EHQHItFLRV FRP R HQYROYLPHQWR GR XVXiULR QHVVH

SURFHVVRGHYHPVHUDSUHVHQWDGDVDHOHVXJHVW}HVGHGHVLJQGRVLVWHPDGHXPDIRUPDTXHFRQVLJD


32/90

HQWHQGHU 1mR p UHVSRQVDELOLGDGH GRV XVXiULRV LQYHQWDURSo}HV GHGHVLJQ H VLP UHD JLU D HODV

FRQIRUPHDVGHVDSURYHRXSHUFHEDPTXHQmRIXQFLRQDUmRQDSUiWLFD WDUHIDQDTXDOVDOLHQWH

VH VmR ERQV FRPR QLQJXpP 3RQGR GH ODGR RV QXPHURVRV YROXPHV FRP HVSHFLILFDo}HV GH

VLVWHPDVGHYHPVHHPSUHJDUUHSUHVHQWDo}HVFRQFUHWDVHYLVtYHLVGHGH VLJQSDUDHVVDSURSRVWD

SUHIHUHQFLDOPHQWHQDIRUPDGH SURWyWLSRVGHEDL[DILGHOLGDGHTXHVHUmRGLVFXWLGRVHPPDLRUHV

GHWDOKHV QR FDStWXOR 1mR REVWDQWH 1LHOVHQ DLQGD QRV DOHUWD WUDWDQGR

HVSHFLILFDPHQWHGHSURMHWRVGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRPDLRUHV HPDLVGHPRUDGRV VREUHRSHULJRGH

FRQILDUGHPDLVQDVLQIRUPDo}HVREWLGDVDSDUWLUGHXPSHTXHQRJUXSRGHXVXiULRVTXHQXQFD

PXGD2 DXWRUUHFRPHQGDTXHHPWDLVSURMHWRVGHYDKDYHUSHULRGLFDPHQWHXPDPXGDQoDGRV

XVXiULRVTXHFRODERUDPQRSURFHVVRGHGH VLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRSRLVjPHGLGDTXHDXPHQWDVHX

HQYROYLPHQWRQRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGRVLVWHPDHOHVVHWRUQDPPHQRVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRVFRPUHODomRjSRSXODomRPpGLDGHXVXiULRV1RYRVXVXiULRVSDUWLFLSDQGRQRSURFHVVRGHGHVLJQWHUmRPDLRU

SUREDELOLGDGHGHTXHVWLRQDUSRWHQFLDLVSUREOHPDVYLVWRTXHQmRFRQKHFHUmRDKLVWyULDGDTXHOH

SURMHWRHQWUHWDQWRFHUWDPHQWHKiXP WUDGHRI I DVHUFRQVLGHUDGRHQWUHRQ~PHURGHPXGDQoDVH

RWHPSRUHTXHULGRSDUDH[SOLFDURSURMHWRDQRYDVSHVVRDVFRODERUDQGRFRPRWLPH$FUH VFHQWD

VH TXH D SDUWLFLSDomR GH XVXiULRV QR SURFHVVR GH GHVLJQ SRGH VHU PHGLGD VHJXQGR TXDWUR

GLPHQV}HV

/LEHUGDGHGHLQWHUDomRFRPRVGHVLJQHUV

1tYHOGHHQYROYLPHQWRQRSURFHVVR

(VFRSRGDSDUWLFLSDomRQRVLVWHPDWRWDOVHQGRSURMHWDGR

*UDXGHFRQWUROHVREUHGHFLV}HVGHSURMHWR

0DVDOJXpPSRGHULDFRPRID])XUQLYDOGHIRUPDUHWyULFDTXHVWLRQDU SRU TXH

XPD HPSU H VD H V FR OK H UL D XPD PH WRGR O RJ LD F RP D SD UW LF LS D om R G R V X VXi U LR V TXDQGR M i I RL

F RPS UR YDGR TX H H V VD V PH WRG RO RJ L DV G H G H VL JQ F RPR F RQ FHQ WUDP R V H V IR U oR V QD V I D VH V G R

FRPHoRGR F L F OR GHY LGD >LVWRpDGHWHUPLQDomRGRVUHTXLVLWRV@ VmR PD L V F D UD V H S UR O RQJDPR

SURFHVVR GH GHV LJQ" S 6HJXQGR 0DQWHL H 7HRUH\ RVFXVWRV H[WUDV GHFRUULGRV GD

SDUWLFLSDomRGHXVXiULRVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRVQ RSURFHVVRGHGHVLJQVmRUHFXSHUDGRVSRVWHULRUPHQWH

QDDFHLWDomRH FRQVHTHQWHXVRHIHWLYRGR VLVWHPDSHORVXVXiULRVH LVWRSDUWLFXODUPHQWHRFRUUH

TXDQGRRVLVWHPDVHUiXWLOL]DGRSRUFHPRXPDLVXVXiULRV

)XUQLYDOUHVVDOWDTXHTXDQWRDRGHVHQYROYL PHQWRGHQRYRVVLVWHPDVDLJQRUkQFLD

GDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHXVXiULRVSDUWLFLSDUHPHFRQWULEXtUHPFRPHVWHSURFHVVRPXLWRSURYDYHOPHQWH


33/90


34/90

TXHHQFRQWUDPRVHQRUPHVGLIHUHQoDV LQGLYLGXDLVHQWUH XVXiULRV 2 DXWRU GHPRQVWUD FRQWXGR

TXH DOJXP GDGR VREUH R FRPSRUWDPHQWR GRV XVXiULRV p VHPSUH PHOK RU GR TXH QHQKXP

HQTXDQWR /DQGDXHU D E FRPSURYD TXH LQWHUYDORV GH FRQILDQoD TXH SRGHPVHU

HVWLPDGRVDWUDYpVGHWHVWHVHVWDWtVWLFRVSDGUmR VmRLPSRUWDQWHVVHDHVFROKDHQWUHGXDVRSo}HV

GHGHVLJQQmRHVWiEDVHDGDDSHQDVHPTXDOpDPHOKRUP DVWDPEpPRTXmR PHOKRUHODp

2VHJXQGRSRQWRDVHUFRQVLGHUDGRHPXPWHVWHFRPXVXiULRVpVXDYDOLGDGHRXVHMD

SURYDUPHWRGRORJLFDPHQWHTXHHOHPHGHDOJRUHOHYDQWHSDUDDXVDELOLGDGHGHSURGXWRVUHDLVHP

XVR UHDO IRUD GR ODERUDWyULR &RQIRUPH DSRQWD 1L HOVHQ SUREOHPDV WtSLFRV GHYDOLGDGH

HQYROYHP WHVWHV FRP XVXiULRV QmR UHSUHVHQWDWLYRV WDUHIDV HUUDGDV QmR LQFOXLU UHVWULo}HV GH

WHPSRHLQIOXrQFLDVRFLDO

2DXWRUFODVVLILFDDVDYDOLDo}HVGHLQWHUIDFHVHPGRLVJUXSRVIRUPDWLYDVRXVRPDWLYDVWHQGRHPYLVWDTXHDSURSRVWDGRWHVWHGHYHHVWDUFODUD$VIRUPDWLYDVVmRDTXHODVIHLWDVGXUDQWH

RSURFHVVRGHGHVLJQSHUPLWLQGRTXHVHLGHQWLILTXHHVHMDVROXFLRQDGRXPSUREOHPDGHLQWHUDomR

DQWHVTXHRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHXPDFHUWDDSOLFDomRHVWHMDFRQFOXtG RRXDWpPHVPRDQWHVGHVHU

LPSOHPHQWDGD $V DYDOLDo}HV VRPDWLYDV SRU VXD YH] DQDOLVDP R SURGXWR GH VRIWZDUH Mi

WHUPLQDGR 1LHOVHQ OLVWD XPD VpULH GH WySLFRV TXH GHYHP VHU FRQVLGHUDGRV QR

SODQHMDPHQWRGHXPWHVWHFRPXVXiULR HJ TXDLVRVREMHWLYRVGRWHVWHTXDQWRWHPSRHVSHUD VH

TXHGXUHFDGDVHVVmRTXHDSDUDWRWHFQROyJLFRVHUiQHFHVViULRTXDLVWDUHIDVRVXVXiULRVVHUmR

VROLFLWDGRVDH[HFXWDUHWFDSUHVHQWDYDULiYHLVTXHLQIOXHQFLDPRRUoDPHQWRGRVWHVWHVHGLVFRUUH

VREUHDLPSRUWkQFLDGHVHDYDOLDUWHVWHVSLORWRDQWHFLSDGDPHQWH1D)LJXUDDEDL[RSRGHPRV

YHUXPH[HPSORGHODERUDWyULRSDUDWHVWHVFRPXVXiULRV1LHOVHQ1RUPDQ*URXS


35/90

8PDHWDSDGHVXPDLPSRUWkQFLDHPXPWHVWHGHDYDOLDomRGHXVDELOLGDGHpLGHQWLILFDUH

UHFUXWDUXVXiULRVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRVGRVLVWHPD)HUUHLUDDILUPDTXHGHWHUPLQDURSHUILOGR

XVXiULRWtSLFR DOJXpPTXH UHSUHVHQWHXPDPp GLD GRV XVXiULRV ILQDLV DX[LOLDD HTXLSH GH

GHVHQYROYLPHQWRDWHUDUHSUHVHQWDomRGHXPXVXiULRSDUDRTXDORVLVWHPDHVWiVHQGRSURMHWDGR

6HJXQGR D DXWRUD DV LQIRUPDo}HV QHFHVViULDV SDUD VH GHWHUPLQDU R SHUILO GRSDUWLFLSDQWH GRV

WHVWHV SRGHP VHU HQFRQWUDGDV QD HVSHFLILFDomR IXQFLRQDO HP DQiOLVHV H HVWXGRV UHDOL]DGRV QR

PHUFDGRMXQWRDRJHUHQWHGRSURGXWRDQiOLVHGHJUXSRHSDGU}HVFRPSHWLWLYRV$OJXPDVYH]HV

RVLQGLYtGXRVH[DWRVTXHXWLOL]DUmRRVLVWHPDSRGHPVHULGHQWLILFDGRVSRUH[HPSORQRFDV RGH

VRIWZDUHV TXH VmR GHVHQYROYLGRV LQWHUQDPHQWH HP XPD FRPSDQKLD SDUD XVR HP XP GDGR

GHSDUWDPHQWR GDTXHOD HPSUHVD $ ILJXUD DEDL[R UHWUDWD XP WHVWH GH XVDELOLGDGH FRPHVWXGDQWHVQR,'($/DEGD8QLYHUVLGDGHGH0HOERXUQH

4XDQWRjH[SHULrQFLDQRXVRGD WHFQRORJLD1LHOVHQDILUPDTXHD JUDQGHPDLRULD

GDVLQWHUIDFHVJUiILFDVSUHFLVDPVHUWHVWDGDVFRPXVXiULRQRYDWRVDRSDVVR TXHWHVWHVGHPXLWRV

RXWURVVLVWHPDVGHYHPWDPEpPUHFUXWDUXVXiULRVPDLVH[SHULHQWHV$GHWHUPLQDomRGRQ~PHUR

GHSDUWLFLSDQWHVpLQIOXHQFLDGDSHORJUDXGHFRQILDQoDTXHVHGHVHMDDWLQJLUSHODTXDQWLGDGHGH

UHFXUVRVGLVSRQtYHLVSDUDHVWDEHOHFHUHFRQGX]L URWHVWHSRUXPDDQiOLVHGRWLSRGHSDUWLFLSDQWHV


36/90

HSHORWHPSRHVWLPDGRGHGXUDomRGDVHVVmRGHWHVWH1LHOVHQH/DQGDXHUDUJXPHQWDP

TXH D SDUWLU GRV WHVWHV FRP R TXLQWR XVXiULR RV REVHUYDGRUHV FRPHoDUmR D FRQVWDWDU

UHSHWLGDPHQWH RV PHVPRV SURE OHPDV GH XVDELOLGDGH H QmR DSUHQGHUmR PXLWDV FRLVDV QRYDV

(QWUHWDQWRVHRREMHWLYRGRWHVWHpYDOLGDUUHVXOWDGRVHVWDWtVWLFRV)HUUHLUDDILUPDTXHVHUi

QHFHVViULD XPD TXDQWLGDGH PDLRU GH SDUWLFLSDQWHV D ILP GH VH REWHUHP SURSULHGDGHV H

JHQHUDOL]Do}HVVREUHXPDSRSXODomRHVSHFtILFD7HVWHVFRPXVXiULRVSRVVXHPJHUDOPHQWHTXDWUR

HVWiJLRVWtSLFRV

3UHSDomR 'HYHVH HVWDU DVVHJXUDGR TXH D VDOD RX ODERUDWyULR GHWHVWHVHVWHMD

SUHSDUDGD SDUD R H[SHULPHQWR R FRPSXWDGRU HVWHMD QR HVWDGR LQLFLDO TXH I RL

HVSHFLILFDGRQRSODQRGHWHVWHVHTXHWRGRRUHVWDQWHGRPDWHULDOGHWHVWHVLQVWUXo}HVH TXHVWLRQiULRV HVWHMDP GLVSRQtYHLV 3DUD VH HYLWDU GLVFRQIRUWR H FRQIXVmR QRV

XVXiULRVHVWDSUHSDUDomRGHYHVHUFRPSOHWDGDDQWHVGDFKHJDGDGRVPHVPRV

,QWURGXomR1HVWHHVWiJLRRFRQGXWRUGRWHVWHVD~GDRXVXiULRHOKHIRUQHFHXPD

EUHYH H[SOLFDomR VREUH R SURSyVLWR GR WHVWH EHP FRPR LQVWUXo}HV VREUH FRPR

XWLOL]DU R HTXLSDPHQWR FDVR QmR VHMD IDPLOLDU D HOH 1LHOVHQ DSRQWD DOJXQV

SRQWRVHVVHQFLDLVTXHGHYHPVHUH[SOLFDGRVDRXVXiULRQHVWDHWDSDGHQWUHHOHV

2SURSyVLWRGRWHVWHpDYDOLDURVRIWZDUHQmRRXVXiULR

1mRKRXYHHQYROYLPHQWRGLUHWRGRFRQGXWRUGRWHVWHQDFRQVWUXomRGRVLVWHPD

DVHUDYDOLDGRSHUPLWLQGRTXHRXVXiULRSRVVDIDODUOLYUHPHQWHHVH PVHVHQWLU

FRQVWUDQJLGR &DVR R FRQGXWRU WHQKD SURMHWDGR R VLVWHPD UHFRPHQGD VH TXH

HVWHIDWRQmRVHMDPHQFLRQDGRQRVHQWLGRGHVHHYLWDURHIHLWRRSRVWR

2V UHVXOWDGRV GR WHVWH VHUmR XWLOL]DGRV SDUD PHOKRUDU R VRIWZDUH WDO TXH R

VLVWHPDDVHUHQWUHJXHHYHQWXDOPHQWHVHUiGLIHUHQWHGRTXHHVWiVREWHVWH

2WHVWHpYROXQWiULRHRXVXiULRSRGHUiGHVLVWLUGHOHDTXDOTXHUPRPHQWR

2VUHVXOWDGRVGRVWHVWHVVHUmRPDQWLGRVHPVLJLORH QmRVHUmRGH XPDPDQHLUD

TXHVHSRVVDLGHQWLILFDUWHVWHVLQGLYLGXDLVSRUTXHP TXHUTXHVHMD

([SOLFDo}HVPDLVGHWDOKDGDVGHYHUmRVHUGDGDVDRVXVXiULRVVREUHJUDYDo}HVGH

YtGHRRXiXGLRFDVRKDMDXWLOL]DomRGHWDLVUHFXUVRV

2V XVXiULRV HVWmR OLYUHV SDUD TXDOTXHU TXHVWLRQDPHQWRV GDGR TXH VH GHVHMD

GHVFREULU DTXLOR TXH QmR HVWi FO DUR QD LQWHUIDFH PDV TXH R FRQGXWRU QHP

VHPSUHSRGHUiUHVSRQGHUVXDVSHUJXQWDVGXUDQWHRWHVWHHPVLSRLVRREMHWLYR


37/90


38/90

REVHUYDGRUHV HQWHQGHU FRPR HOH YLVXDOL]D R VLVWHPD H LGHQWLILFDU TXDLV VmR VXDV

FRQFHSo}HVHUUDGDVVREUHRVLVWHPD

'HVLJQHUVQRUPDOPHQWHIRFDPVHXVHVIRUoRVHPFULDUVLVWHPDVTXHVHPRVWUHPDJUDGiYHLV

HFRPXPDULFDH[SHULrQFLDYLVXDOHQTXDQWRGHVHQYROYHGRUHVSUHRFXSDP VHDSHQDVHPJDUDQWLU

XPD IXQFLRQDOLGDGH FRUUHWD (VVH PRGHOR WHQGH D FRPSURPHWHU VHULDPHQWH D XVDE LOLGDGH GRV

VLVWHPDVSRLVDHTXLSHPXLWDVYH]HVVHVHQWHSUHVVLRQDGDSHODVH[SHFWDWLYDVGRVJHUHQWHVHVH

HVTXHFH GDV QHFHVVLGDGHV GRV UHDLV XVXiULRV 6H RV WHVWHV UHYHODUHP SUREOHPDV WDLV FRPR

GLILFXOGDGH GH FRPSUHHQVmR GDV LQVWUXo}HV PDQLSXODomR FRQI XVD GH SDUWHV GR VLVWHPD RX

LQWHUSUHWDomRHUUDGDGHI HHGEDFN HJ PHQVDJHQVGHHUURQRVRIWZDUH HQWmRRWLPHGHSURMHWR

GHYHUi PHOKRUDU R GHVLJQ H WHVWi OR QRYDPHQWH QXP FLFOR GH GHVLJQ LWHUDWLYR WHPD GR TXDOSDVVDUHPRVDWUDWDUHPVHJXLGD

'HVLJQLWHUDWLYR

$ SDUWLU GRV SUREOHPDV GH XVDELOLGDGH HQFRQWUDGRV QRV WHVWHV FRP XVXiULRV EHP FRPR QDV

RSRUWXQLGDGHV GH PHOKRULD GR VLVWHPD YLVXDOL]DGDV SHOD HTXLSH GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GHYH VHSURGX]LUXPDQRYDYHUVmRGDLQWHUIDFH'HILQH VHGHVLJQLWHUDWLYRFRPRVHQGRXPDPHWRGRORJLD

GHSURMHWREDVHDGDHPXPSURFHVVRFtFOLFRGHGHVLJQSURWRWLSDomRWHVWHVHUHGHVLJQGHDFRUGR

FRPRVSDVVRVTXHVHJXHP

'HVLJQJHUDomRHDQiOLVHGHLGpLDVEHPFRPRFULDomRGHVROXo}HV

3URWRWLSDomRPDWHULDOL]DomRGRGHV LJQDWUDYpVGHXPDLQVWDQFLDomRGRPHVPR

7HVWHVDYDOLDomRRSURWyWLSRGHVFREULQGR VHSUREOHPDVGHXVDELOLGDGH 5HGHVLJQUHILQDPHQWRGRSURMHWRYROWDQGR VHDRSDVVR

.XQLDYVN\ H[SOLFD TXH R GHVLJQ LWHUDWLYR VDWLVID] D QHFHVVLGDGH GH XP PRGR

VLVWHPiWLFRGHLQWHJUDURSURFHVVRGHVHHQFRQWUDUSUREOHPDVHFULDUVROXo}HVIRFDQGR VHHP

HOHPHQWRV LQGLYLGXDLV VHP SHUGHU D YLVmR GR WRGR 2 DXWRU DILUPD TXH R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR

LWHUDWLYR EDVHLDVH QD LGpLD GH UHILQDPHQWRFRQWtQXR DWUDYpVGHWHQWDWLYD H IDOKD%DLOH\

DGYHUWHTXHUHYLV}HVGRSURMHWRSRGHPLQWURGX]LUQRYRVSUREOHPDVGHXVDELOLGDGH(VVDpXPD

GDVUD]}HVSRUTXH1LHOVHQUHFRPHQGDTXHRGHVLJQLWHUDWLYRVHMDVHPSUHFRPELQDGRFRP


39/90


40/90

&

3URWRWLSDomRUiSLGD

(PXPDDERUGDJHPLWHUDWLYDGHSURMHWRSULQFLSDOPHQWHQDTXHODVTXHVmRFHQWUDGDVQRVXVXiULRV

ILQDLVGHXPVLVWHPDSURWRWLSDomRUHYHOD VHFRPRXPHOHPHQWRHVVHQFLDO(ODSHUPLWHDFULDomR

DYDOLDomRHUHILQDPHQWRGHRSo}HVGHGHVLJQDWpTXHVHDOFDQFHDXVDELOLGDGHGHVHMDGD&RQIRUPH


41/90

%XFKHQDXH6XULH[SOLFDPSURWyWLSRVVmRUHSUHVHQWDo}HVGHXPVLVWHPDFRQVWUXtGDVDQWHV

TXHRVDUWHIDWRVILQDLVYHQKDPDH[LVWLUGHIDWR$SUiWLFDGHSURWRWLSDomR HVWiUHODFLRQDGDDVVLP

j HODERUDomR GH UHSUHVHQWDo}HV LQFRPSOHWDV GD XP VLVWHPD DOYR FRP R SURSyVLWR GH VH

H[HFXWDUHP WHVWHV FRPR XPD PDQHLUD HILFD] GH VH FRPSUHHQGHU DV GLILFXOGDGHV GH

GHVHQYROYLPHQWREHPFRPRDHVFDODGHSUREOHPDVFRUUHVSRQGHQWHVDR PHVPR5RVVRQH&DUUROO

DFUHVFHQWDP TXH XP RX PDLV SURWyWLSRV SRGHP WDPEpP VHU GHVHQYROYLGRV SDUD VH

FRPSDUDU VROXo}HV DOWHUQDWLYDV SDUD WySLFRV GH XVDELOLGDGH TXH QmR SRGHP VHU UHVROYLGRV

VLPSOHVPHQWHSRUGLVFXVVmRRXDQiOLVH

&RPR VH SRGH FRQVWDWDU QD OLWHUDWXUD R XVR GH SURWRWLSDomR QmR p UHFHQWH 6KDFNHO

SRU H[HPSOR LQYHVWLJRX R SUREOHPD GH GHVLJQ GH VH S RV LF LR QD U Y LQ WH H T XD WU R

SRWHQFL{PHWURV H YLQWH H TXDWUR VZLWFKHV DVVRF LDGRV QXP SDLQHO GH WDPDQKR PtQLPRF RQ VL V W HQ W HPHQ W H F RP Ii FL O O R F DO L]DomR H F RQW UR OH S H O R RS H UDGRU XWLOL]DQGR SDUD LVVR YiULRV

OD\RXWV L H GHVLJQV GHVHQKDGRV HP WDPDQKR QDWXUDO HP SDSHO 6HPLQDUD H *HUULH

LQYHVWLJDUDPFRPVXFHVVR PRFNXSVDOWHUQDWLYRVGHSDLQpLVSDUDYLVXDOL]DomRHFRQWUROHXWLOL]DQGR

HOHPHQWRVPDJQHWL]DGRVDOpPGHKDYHUHPWHVWDGRUHSUHVHQWDo}HVWULGLPHQVLRQDLVGHHVWDo}HVGH

WUDEDOKRDVHUHPLQFRUSRUDGDVGHQWURGHXPODERUDWyULROXQDUPyYHO9HULILFD VHSRUWDQWRTXH

LQLFLDOPHQWHRXVRGHSURWyWLSRVHVWDYDFRQFHQWUDGRQRVDVSHFWRVItVL FRVGRGHVLJQHJ OD\RXWVH

GLPHQVLRQDPHQWRGHHVWDo}HVGHWUDEDOKR

(QWUHWDQWRjPHGLGDTXHDWHFQRORJLDDYDQoDYDRVSURWyWLSRVSDVVDUDPDVHUUiSLGDH

IDFLOPHQWHGHVHQYROYLGRVHPWHODVGHFRPSXWDGRUFRPRFRQVWDWD+DOO6HJXQGRRDXWRU

LVVR IDFLOLWRX D KDELOLGDGH GH VH FRQGX]LU D SURWRWLSDomR GH VLVWHPDV GH XPD PDQHLUD PDLV

HILFLHQWHQRTXHSDVVRXDVHUGHQRPLQDGRGHSURWRWLSDomRUiSLGDDJHUDomRGH PRFNXSVHPXP

FXUWRSHUtRGRGH WHPSR)HUUDPHQWDV5$'DFU{QLPRSDUD UDSLGDSSO L FD W LRQGHYH ORSPHQW GH

SURWRWLSDomRSHUPLWHPTXHVHH[LEDPHOHPHQWRVGDLQWHUIDFHGHPRGRSUiWLFREHPFRPRTXHVH

DVVRFLHDHOHVDOJXPWLSRGHFRPSRUWDPHQWRDILPGHVHREWHUXPDLGpLDGRTXHVHUiDLQWHUDomR

FRPRVRIWZDUHHDVFDSDFLGDGHVGRVLVWHPDFRPSOHWDPHQW HLPSOHPHQWDGR6LQKD.OHPPHUH

/DQGD\ DSUHVHQWDPXPDIHUUDPHQWDGH SURWRWLSDomR UiSLGDSDUDLQWHUIDFHVEDVHDGDV HP

IDOD GHQRPLQDGD GH 68(' 2XWURV PpWRGRV WDLV FRPR SURWRWLSDomR HP SDSHO TXH VHUi

GLVFXWLGR HP VHVVmR SRVWHULRU GHVWH FDStWXOR SRGHP VHU WDPEpP XWLOL]DGRV SDUD VH REWHU

I HHGEDFN GRVXVXiULRVDFDGDSURWyWLSRWHVWDGR7DLVSURWyWLSRVPRVWUDP VHEDVWDQWH~WHLVSDUDVH

GHWHUPLQDURDOYRGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRDQWHFLSDQGR VHPXLWRVSUREOHPDVHFRPSOH[LGDGHVGHVGH

DHWDSDGHSURMHWRGRVLVWHPD9DOHSDUDIUDVHDUDTXLDGHILQLomRGH:DUGVREUHRTXHVHULD


42/90

XPSUREOHPDGHXVDELOLGDGH TXDOTXHUFDUDFWHUtVWLFDRXRPLVVmRGHODQRSURGXWRRXHPVXDV

LQVWUXo}HVTXHVHMDLGHQWLILFDGDFRPRFRQWULEXLQWHSDUD

8P HUUR RX VHMD TXDOTXHU DomR TXH SURGX]D XPD UHVSRVWD GR VLVWHPD GLIHUHQWH

GDTXHODTXHIRLLQWHQFLRQDGD

&RQIXVmRTXHRFRUUHTXDQGRRXVXiULRQmRFRQVHJXHSURVVHJXLUQDXWLOL]DomRGR

VLVWHPDVHPDVVLVWrQFLDPHVPRDSyVWHUFRQVXOWDGRDVLQVWUXo}HV

,UULWDomR RX GHVDJUDGR REVHUYDGRV TXDQGR R XVXiULR FRPHQWD TXH XPD

FDUDFWHUtVWLFDHPSDUWLFXODUUHYHORX VHGHGLItFLOXVRRXQmRGHXPDPDQHLUDTXHHOH

WHULDSUHIHULGRPHVPRTXHLVVRQmRWHQKDUHDOPHQWHUHVXOWDGRHPXPHUUR

1mR REVWDQWH j XWLOLGDGH GHVVDV IHUUDPHQWDV GH SURWRWLSDom R %XFKHQDX H 6XUL

FRQVWDWDPTXHPXLWRVGHVLJQHUVGHLQWHUDomRWrPYHULILFDGRDQHFHVVLGDGHGHDYDQoDUROLPLWH

LQHUHQWH jTXHODV IHUUDPHQWDV SDVVDQGR D H[SORUDU H FRPXQLFDU QD SUiWLFD FRPR VHUi

LQWHUDJLU FRP DTXLOR TXH HOHV SURMHWDP &RQVLGHUDQ GR D FUHVFHQWH FRPSOH[LGDGH GH LQWHUDomR

KRPHPFRPSXWDGRUSURYRFDGDSHODFRQYHUJrQFLDGHWHFQRORJLDVHVSDoRVHVHUYLoRVRVPHVPRV

DXWRUHV H[S}HP D HPHUJrQFLD H R YDORU GDTXLOR TXH HOHV FKDPDP GH SURWRWLSDomR GH

H[SHULrQFLDV6HJXQGRHOHVRWHUPRGHQRP LQDULDTXDOTXHUWLSRGHUHSUHVHQWDomR LQWHJUDGD

HPTXDLVTXHUPHLRV HODERUDGD SDUDHQWHQGHU H[SORUDURX FRPXQLFDU FRPR GHYHUiVHU L H

TXDLVDVVHQVDo}HVH[SHULPHQWDGDVOLGDUFRPDTXLORTXHVHHVWiSURMHWDQGR(PRXWUDVSDODYUDV

SURWRWLSDU XPD H[SHULrQFLD VLJQLILFDULD H QI DW L] DU R D VS HF WR H [S HU LP HQ WD O G H T XD OT XH U

U HS UH VH QW Do mR G H T XH Q HF HV VL Wi VV HP RV S DU D F RP r[L WR UH Y LY HQ FL DU R X F RQ GX]L U XPD

H[SHUL rQF LD FRPXPSURGXWR HVSDoRRX V L V W HPDS(OHVDUJXPHQWDPTXHDPDLRULDGDV

IHUUDPHQWDVSDUDSURWRWLSDomRDSHQDV PDTXLDPDH[SHULrQFLDUHDOGRVXVXiULRVFRQVLGHUDQGR RV

FRPRXPDDXGLrQFLDSDVVLYD6HQGRDVVLPRVDXWRUHVGLVFXWHPDOJXQVPpWRGRVHWpFQLFDVTXH

VXSRUWDULDPSDUWLFLSDomRDWLYD GRVXVXiULRVH IRUQHFHULDPXPDH[SHULrQFLDVXEMHWLYDU HDOPHQWH

UHOHYDQWH 3DUD WDQWR D SURWRWLSDomRGH H[SHULrQFLDV DSUHVHQWD VH FRPSRVWD GH WUrV GLIHUHQWHV

WLSRVGHDWLYLGDGHVQRFRQWH[WRGRSURFHVVRGHSURMHWRHGHVHQYROYLPHQWR

(QWHQGHUDH[SHULrQFLDH[LVWHQWHGRXVXiULRHVHXFRQWH[WR

([SORUDUHDYDOLDULGpLDVGHSURMHWR

&RPXQLFDUDVLGpLDVSDUDXPDGDGDDXGLrQFLDHTXLSHH VWDNHKROGHUV


43/90

%XFKHQDX H 6XUL GHWDOKDP SRVVtYHLV SDUWLFLSDQWHV GHVVD DXGLrQFLD FOLHQWHV

GHVLJQHUV GH LQWHUDomR GHVLJQHUV LQGXVWULDLV HVSHFLDOLVWDV HP IDWRUHV KXPDQRV H TXLSH GH

GHVHQYROYLPHQWR HWF 2V DXWRUHV UHVVDOWDP D QHFHVVLGDGH QRV SURMHWRV DWXDLV GH HTXLSHV

PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDUHVQDTXDOFDGDXPDGDVYiULDVHVSHFLDOLGDGHVWUD]XPDFRPSUHHQVmR~QLFDVREUH

RVWySLFRVDERUGDGRVSHORWLPHEHPFRPRXWLOL]DXPDDERUGDJHPL QGLYLGXDOSDUDUHVROYHURV

SUREOHPDV 3RUWDQWR ID]VH QHFHVViULR TXH H[LVWDP I H UUDPHQWDV H Wp FQLFDV TXH FUL HP XPD

H[SHULrQFLDFRPSDUWL OKDGD IRUQHFHQGRXPDEDVHSDUDXPSRQWRGHYLVWDFRPXPS

2VDXWRUHVFRQFOXHPDWUDYpVGHVXDVDQiOLVHHH[HPSO RVTXHSURWRWLSDUH[SHULrQFLDVWHP

FRQWULEXtGRHPSURMHWRVUHDLVGHGHVLJQGHWUrVPRGRVSULQFLSDLV

$MXGDQGR D GHVHQYROYHUXP HQWHQGLPHQWR VREUH D HVVrQFLD GHXPD H[SHULrQFLDMiH[LVWHQWH3URWRWLSDUH[SHULrQFLDVVLPXODULDDVSHFWRVLPSRUWDQWHVGDVUHODo }HVLQWHLUDV

RX GH SDUWH GHODV HQWUH SHVVRDV OXJDUHV H REMHWRV j PHGLGD TXH HODV VH

VXFHGHPQRWHPSR

&RQWULEXLQGR QD H[SORUDomR GH LGpLDV 7DO DERUGDJHP GH SURWRWLSDomR IRUQHFHULD

LQVSLUDomR FRQILUPDomR RX UHMHLomR GH LGpLDV EDVHDQGR VH QD TXDOLGDGH GD

H[SHULrQFLD TXH HODV VLPXODP ,VVR SURGX]LULD UHVSRVWDV H I H HGEDFN DRV

TXHVWLRQDPHQWRV GRV SURMHWLVWDV D UHVSHLWR GDV VROXo}HV SURSRVWDV HP WHUPRV GH

FRPRVHULDVH "

)DFLOLWDQGRDFRPXQLFDomR GHWySLFRV H LGpLDV3URWRWLSDUH[SHULrQFLDVSHUPLWH TXH

XVXiULRV H GLIHUHQWHV WLSRV GH SURILVVLRQDLV SDUWLFLSHP DWLYDPHQWH GH XPD QRYD

H[SHULrQFLDSURSRVWDIRUQHFHQGRDLQGDXPDHVWUXWXUDFRPXPSDUDTXHVHHVWDEHOHoD

XPSRQWRGHYLVWDFRPSDUWLOKDGRSRUWRGRV

2XWURDVSHFWRPXLWRLPSRUWDQWHUHODFLRQDGRjS UiWLFDGHSURWRWLSDomRVmRRVWHVWHVGH

YLDELOLGDGHHDFHLWDomRGHQRYDVWHFQRORJLDVSRUSDUWHGRVXVXiULRV3URWRWLSDomR FRPRSUiWLFD

GHSURMHWR YHPVHQGRDWXDOPHQWHSURPRYLGDGHQWURGD FRPXQLGDGHGH QHJyFLRVFRPRXP

HOHPHQWRFKDYHQRTXHVHUHIHUHDRIDWRULQRYDomRFRQIRUPHDWHVWDP/HRQDUGH5D\SRUW

H 6FKDUJH 0HVPR DV PHOKRUHV H PDLV VRILVWLFDGDV LGpLDV LQRYDGRUDV SUHFLVDP GH

FRQVWDWDo}HVHPStULFDVTXHOKHVDVVHJXUHPVXFHVVRQRPHUFDGRDWUDYpVGHXPSURFHVVRLWHUDWLYR

GH DYDOLDo}HV MXQWR DRV XVXiULRV SUHIHUHQFLDOPHQWH D XP EDL[R FXVWR 1D VHomR TXH VHJXH

GLVFXWLUHPRVRVYiULRVQtYHLVGHILGHOLGDGHGHSURWyWLSRVHVXDVPHOKRUHVDSOLFDo}HV


44/90

1tYHLVGHILGHOLGDGH

(QFRQWUDPRVHP+DOODGHILQLomRGHILGHOLGDGHHPSURWyWLSRV FRPRVHQGRRSDUkPHWUR

TXHRVGLVWLQJXHGHDFRUGRFRPDSUHFLVmRFRPDTXDOUHSURGX]HPDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHQFRQWUDGDV

QRSURGXWRFRQFOXtGR3DUDPHOKRULOXVWUDUHVVHFRQFHLWRDSUHVHQWDUHPRVDLGpLDGH SURWyWLSRV

KRUL]RQWDLV H YHUWLFDLV SURSRVWD SRU 1LHOVH Q H HQFRQWUDGD HP VHX F LF OR G H Y LG D G D

(QJHQKDULDGH8VDEL O LGDGH 6HJXQGRRDXWRURSULPHLURGHOHVVLPXODULDWRGDVDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV

GR VLVWHPD QmR VH SUHRFXSDQGR FRQWXGR HP DSURIXQGDU VH QDV IXQFLRQDOLGDGHV -i XP

SURWyWLSR YHUWLFDO IRUQHFHULD IXQFLRQDOLGDGH FRPSOHWD SDUD DOJXPDV GDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV RX

PyGXORV GR VRIWZDUH 2 VLVWHPD LQWHLUR SRGHULD HQWmR VHU GHILQLGR FRPR WHQGR WRGDV DV

FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV SUHVHQWHV EHP FRPR VXDV UHVSHFWLYDV IXQFLRQDOLGDGHV FRPSOHWDV 2 JUDX GH

ILGHOLGDGHDVVLPUHSUHVHQWDULDDOJXPDFRPELQDomRGHDWULEXWRVGDTXHOHVSURWyWLSRVKRUL]RQWDLVH

YHUWLFDLVGHILQLGRVSRU DTXHOHDXWRU$)LJXUDDEDL[RPRVWUDSURWyWLSRVGHGLIHUHQWHVQtYHLV

GHILGHOLGDGHSDUDGRLVZHEVLWHV

3URWRWLSDomR SRGH DVVXPLUYiULDVIRUPDVVHQGRFRQGX]LGDVHJXQGR PXLWRVSURSyVLWRV

-RUGDQDILUPDTXHKiXPQ~PHURGHG L I HUHQW HV RSo}HV GHSURWRW LSDomR FRPGL I HUHQW HV

JUDXV GH UHD O LVPR H VRI LVW L FDomR TXH SRGHP VHU XW L O L]DGDV QR F LF OR GH GHV LJQDYDO LDomR2


45/90

DXWRUQRVIRUQHFHYiULRVH[HPSORVGLVVRHPXPQtYHOFUHVFHQWHGHILGHOLGDGHGRVSURWyWLSRV

FRQIRUPHVHJXH

'HVFULo}HVYHUEDLVRXHVFULWDVGDIRUPDHIXQFLRQDOLGDGHGRSURGXWRSURSRVWR

3URWyWLSRVYLVXDLVFRPRGHVHQKRVHPSDSHO

5HSUHVHQWDo}HVRXPRGHORVItVLFRVGRSURGXWR

3URWyWLSRVLQWHUDWLYRVEDVHDGRVHPWHODV

3URWyWLSRVFRPSOHWDPHQWHIXQFLRQDLV

$QDOLVDQGRD DGHTXDomRGHPpWRGR VHUJRQ{PLFRVSDUDPHOKRUDURSURMHWRGHSURGXWR

6WDQWRQH


46/90

SURWyWLSR GHVFDUWiYHO VHULDXPDH[FHOHQWHRSomRQRFDVRGHRVSURILVVLRQDLVHPXVDELOLGDGHMi

SRVVXtUHPERPFRQKHFLPHQWRHPDOJXPDIHUUDPHQWDGHSURWRWLSDomR

3URWRWLSDomR UiSLGD HVWi UHODFLRQDGD FRP D FRQIHFomR H WHVWHV GH SURWyWLSRV GH EDL[D

ILGHOLGDGHVHJXQGRXPSURFHVVRLWHUDWLYRGHGHVLJQHPSHUtRGRGHWHPSRVXILFLHQWHPHQWHFXUWR

5RVVRQH&DUUROOFRQVWDWDTXHRDVSHFWRU~VWLFRHPSURWyWLSRVGHEDL[DILGHOLGDGHFRPRp

RFDVRGDSURWRWLSDomRHPSDSHOTXHGLVFXWLUHPRVDVHJXLUHQFRUDM DTXHVWLRQDPHQWRHGLVFXVVmR

SRLVRVREVHUYDGRUHVVmRPRWLYDGRVDSUHHQFKHURVGHWDOKHVDXVHQWHV(VWXGRVGH:DUG

FRQYLQFHQWHPHQWH GHPRQVWUDP TXH SURWyWLSRV GH EDL[D ILGHOLGDGH DSUHVHQWHP JUDQGH HILFiFLD

QRVWHVWHVGHGHVLJQSDUDOD\RXWVGHFRQWURO HHH[LELomR(OHVVHPRVWUDPEDVWDQWHYDORURVRVSDUD

DYDOLDURVDVSHFWRVFRJQLWLYRVGRGHVLJQ(QWUHWDQWRSURWyWLSRVGHEDL[DILGHOLGDGHIDOKDPQD

DYDOLDomR GRVDWULEXWRV ItVLFRVGD LQWHUIDFH FRPR I H HGEDFN WiWLODXGLWLYRHWDPEpPHPFHUWDPHGLGD YLVXDO 1D SUiWLFD GLIHUHQWHV SURWyWLSRV H VHX QtYHO DVVRFLDGR GH ILGHOLGDGH SRGHP

IRUQHFHU WLSRV GLYHUVRV GH LQIRUPDomR GH GHVLJQ 5RVVRQ H &DUUROO OLVWDP DOJXPDVGDV

YDQWDJHQV H GHVYDQWDJHQV HP VH XWLOL]DU SURWyWLSRV GH EDL[D ILGHOLGDGH $V YDQWDJHQV HVWmR

UHODFLRQDGDVDRIDWRGHTXHWDLVSURWyWLSRV

6mRPDLVUiSLGRVGHVHUHPFULDGRVHLWHUDGRV

$SUHVHQWDPPHQRUFXVWRQRSODQHMDPHQWRGHUHFXUVRV 5HTXHUHPPHQRU LQYHVWLPHQWRHPLQLPL]DPDUHVLVWrQFLDD PXGDQoDVSRUSDUWHGD

HTXLSHGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWR

'HPDQGDPSRXFDVKDELOLGDGHVHVSHFLDLVHDXPHQWDPDSDUWLFLSDomRGDHTXLSH

3RVVXHPIRUPDWRIOH[tYHOHSRGHPVHUDGDSWDGRVDFDGDVLWXDomR

3RGHPVHUFRQVWUXtGRVHPTXDOTXHUSRQWRGRSURFHVVR

2VDXWRUHVREVHUYDPWDPEpPDOJXPDVGHVYDQWDJHQVSRLVSURWyWLSR VGHEDL[DILGHOLGDGHHQWUHRXWUDV

1mRFRQVHJXHPFREULUWHVWHVGHSHUIRUPDQFH

1mRDYDOLDPGHWDOKHVHVWpWLFRV

1mRDSUHVHQWDPERDHVFDODELOLGDGHSDUDSUREOHPDVPDLVFRPSOH[RV


47/90

2VDXWRUHVDILUPDPTXHJUiILFRVHDQLPDo}HVGHDOWDTXDOLGDGHSRGHPVHUXWLO L]DGRVSDUD

VH FULDU SURWyWLSRV FRQYLQFHQWHV HQWUHWDQWR LVVR SRGH FRQGX]LU D XP HQJDMDPHQWR

FRPSURPHWLPHQWR SUHPDWXUR +DOO WDPEpP GHPRQVWUD TXH SURWyWLSRV GH PDLRU

ILGHOLGDGH UHYHODP PDLV SUREOHPDV DOpP GH IRUQHFHU I HHGEDFN PDLV FRPSOHWR VREUH RV

SUREOHPDV GH XVDELOLGDGH QR GHVLJQ RULJLQDO &RQWXGR LVVR RFRUUH D XP FXVWR PDLV HOHYDGR

GHYLGRSRUH[HPSORjFULDomRGHLQWHUIDFHVVHQVtYHLVDRWRTXHRXDOJXPRXWURUHFXUVRPDLVFDUR

2 DXWRU SRUWDQWR FRQFOXL TXH p SURYiYHO KDYHU XP WUDGHRI I HQWUH R WLSR H TXDOLGDGH GD

LQIRUPDomR FROHWDGD H RV UHFXUVRV LQYHVWLGRV SDUD VH REWHU DTXHOD LQIRUPDomR $ SDUWLU GRV

UHVXOWDGRV REWLGRV HP VHXV HVWXGRV GH DYDOLDomR GH SURWyWLSRV FRP GLIHUHQWHV QtYHLV GH

ILGHOLGDGHHFULWpULRVGHXVDELOLGDGHDSURSULDGRV +DOO FRQVWDWDTXHR WLSRGHSURWyWLSRD

VHUXWLOL]DGRHPXPFRQWH[WRGHGHVLJQHPSDUWLFXODUGHSHQGHUiGHFLQFRIDWRUHVFUtWLFRVFRPRVHJXH

4XHSURGXWRHVWiVHQGRSURMHWDGR" 6HRSURGXWRDSUHVHQWDDSHQDVXPDIXQomRH

SRVVXLLQWHUIDFHVLPSOHVHQWmRHOHSRGHVHUWHVWDGRDGHTXDGDPHQWHXWLOL]DQGR VHXP

SURWyWLSR GH EDL[D ILGHOLGDGH FRPR SRUH[HPSORXPVLPSOHV PRFNXS HPSDSHO

&RQWXGRVHRSURGXWRVHQGRSURMHWDGRp PXOWLIXQFLRQDOH DSUHVHQWDXPD LQWHUIDFH

PDLV FRPSOH[D SRGHP VHU QHFHVViULRV WHVWH V FRP YiULRV WLSRV GLIHUHQWHV GH

SURWyWLSRV 1HVWH FDVR D DERUGDJHP VXSUD FLWDGD GH SURWyWLSRV KRUL]RQWDLV H

YHUWLFDLVSURSRVWDSRU1LHOVHQSRGHVHUXWLOL]DGDSDUDVHH[DPLQDUWySLFRVGH

GHVLJQ

4XHLQIRUPDomRGHSURMHWRHVWmRVHQGRVROLFLWDGDV" 6HDLQIRUPDomRSURFXUDGD

GL]UHVSHLWRSRUH[HPSORjRWLPL]DomRGHOD\RXWVGHFRQWUROHHQWmRDOJXQV PRFNXSV

GHEDL[DILGHOLGDGHSRGHPVHUVXILFLHQWHV-iVHDLQIRUPDomRUHTXHULGDIRUVREUHD

PHOKRU H[SHULrQFLD VHQVRULDO HJ I H HGEDFN WiWLOGHSRUH[HPSORFKDYHVERW}HV

VZLWFKHV H WHODV HQWmR UHFRPHQGD VH XP PDLRU QtYHO GH ILGHOLGDGH HP WHVWHV TXH

GHYHULDPSUHIHUHQFLDOPHQWHVHJXLU VHjTXHOHVSDUDVHGHWHUPLQDUROD\RXWyWLPR

4XDORHVWiJLRGRSURFHVVRGHGHVLJQ"'HIRUPDJHUDOTXDQWRPDLVDYDQoDG RR

HVWiJLR QR SURFHVVR GH SURMHWR HP TXH QRV HQFRQWUDUPRV PDLV DSURSULDGR VHUi

XWLOL]DUSURWyWLSRVGHPDLRUILGHOLGDGH(QWUHWDQWRSRGHKDYHUVLWXDo}HVRQGHDLQGD

VHMD DGHTXDGR WHVWDU PRFNXSV GH EDL[D ILGHOLGDGH PHVPR QDV ~OWLPDV HWDSDV GR

SURFHVVRGHGHVLJQ


48/90

4XH UHFXUVRV HVWmR GLVSRQtYHLV" 3URYDYHOPHQWH HVWi GHQWUR GDV FDSDFLGDGHV H

UHFXUVRVGDPDLRULDGDVHPSUHVDVFRQVWUXLUSURWyWLSRVGHEDL[DILGHOLGDGHWDLVFRPR

PRFNXSV GH SDSHO 6H D FRPSDQKLD IRU GH PDLRU SRUWH H HPSUHJDU SHVVRDO FRP

H[SHUWLVH HP WHFQRORJLD D FULDomR GHSURWyWLSRV VHQVtYHLV DR WRTXH SRU H[HPSOR

SRGHUiDSUHVHQWDUXPDERDUHODomRFXVWR EHQHItFLR2PHVPRSRGHULDVHUGLWRFRP

UHVSHLWRDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHSURWyWLSRVVyOLGRVPHOKRUHODERUDGRV

4XDLVVHULDPRVFXVWRVGHVHGHVHQYROYHUXPSURMHWRGHEDL[DTXDOLGDGH" 1R

FDVRGHSURGXWRVSDUDRVTXDLVKDMDDOWRVFXVWRVGHSURGXomRHRXLPSODQWDomRHP

ODUJDHVFDODDFRPSHQVDomRHFRQ{PLFDGHVHHODERUDUSURWyWLSRVGHPDLRUILGHOLGDGH

SRGHULD VHU IDFLOPHQWH FRPSURYDGD 1R HQWDQWR +DOO DUJXPHQWD TXH GHYH

KDYHU SULPHLUDPHQWH WHVWHV FRP SURWyWLSRV GH EDL[D ILGHOLGDGH SDUD VHGHGX]LU RGHVLJQ yWLPR D SDUWLU GH XPD SHUVSHFWLYD HQJRQ{PLFR FRJQLWLYD SDUD DSHQDV

SRVWHULRUPHQWHSURFHGHUVHDRVWHVWHVGHDVSHFWRVHUJRQ{PLFR ItVLFRVGRGHVLJQ

$LQGDHPVHXVHVWXGRVRDXWRUFRQFOXLVREUHRWySLFRPDLVDEUDQJHQWHGHSURWRWLSDomR

UiSLGDSDUDGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHQRYDVWHFQRORJLDVTXH

e SRVVtYHO REWHUVH ERD LQIRUPDomR GH GHVLJQ D SDUWLU GH WHVWHV FRP XVXiULRV

XWLOL]DQGRVHSURWyWLSRVGHEDL[DILGHOLGDGHPDLVFHGRQRSURFHVVRGHGHVLJQ

$ ILGHOLGDGH GR SURWyWLSRGHWHUPLQDR WLSR GH LQIRUPDomRTXH SRGH VHU REWLGD D

SDUWLUGRVWHVWHVFRPXVXiULRV

2YDORUGDLQIRUPDomRGHGHVLJQGHSHQGHGDILGHOLGDGHGRSURWyWLSRDYDOLDGR

(P VLVWHPDV PXOWLPtGLD LQIRUPDo}HV FRJQLWLYDV GR GHVLJQ GHYHP VHU FROHWDGDV H

DQDOLVDGDVDQWHVGDTXHODVGHQDWXUH]DItVLFDWDLVFRPR I HHGEDFNWiWLORXDXGLWLYR

2UHWRUQRHFRQ{PLFRGDSURWRWLSDomRHVWiUHODFLRQDGRDRVUHFXUVRVLQYHVWLGRVQD

FROHWDGHLQIRUPDomRGHGHVLJ QUHODWLYRVDRFXVWRSRWHQFLDOGHVHSURGX]LUXPGHVLJQ

GHEDL[DTXDOLGDGH

(VFROKLGR R JUDX GH ILGHOLGDGH DGHTXDGR SDUD DYDOLDU RV SURWyWLSRVHP FDGD HWDSDGR

SURMHWR ID]VH QHFHVViULR SODQHMDU H DGDSWDU D PHOKRU IRUPD GH FRQGXomR GH XP HVWXGR GH

XVDELOLGDGH FRP SURWyWLSRV $ VHJXLU DSUHVHQWDUHPRV DOJXPDV HVWUDWpJLDV GH GHVLJQ SDUD D

DSOLFDomRGHWHVWHVGHSURWRWLSDomRUiSLGDFRPXVXiULRV


49/90

(VWUDWpJLDVGHGHVLJQ

1LHOVHQH0DFNWrPIRUWHPHQWHDUJXPHQWDGRHPIDYRUGHXPDFRPELQDomRGHDYDOLD o}HV

KHXUtVWLFDV H WHVWHV GH SURWyWLSRV FRP XVXiULRV (OHV UHFRPHQGDP TXH SULPHLUDPHQWH VHMDP

IHLWDV DYDOLDo}HV KHXUtVWLFDV VREUH R SURWyWLSR SDUD O LPSD U D L QW HU ID FH H U HP RY HU W DQ WR V

SUREOHPDV yEYLRV GH XVDELO LGDGH TXDQWR SRVV tYH O SDUD HQWmR SURFHGHUVH DRV WHVWHV FRP

XVXiULRVVREUHRGHVLJQMiUHYLVDGR2VDXWRUHVHQWUHWDQWRQmRPHQFLRQDPH[DWDPHQWHTXDQWRV

DYDOLDGRUHV GHYHULDP VHU XWLOL]DGRV QHVVH SURFHVVR GH GHVLJQ LWHUDWLYR PDV FRQFOXHP TXH

VHYHUDPHQWH IDODQGR DYD OLD o} H V G H XP ~Q L FR H VS HF L D OL V W D HP XVDEL O L GDGH V H U LDP D LQGD

SRXFR FUHGL WiYH LV GH FRQILDQoD>@PDVTXHDYDO LDo}HV GH W UrV RXTXDWURSUR I L VV LRQDL V VHU LDP

VDWLVIDWyULDVDPXLWRVSURSyVLWRVSUiWLFRV

(PERUD+DOOFRQFRUGHFRPHVVDYLVmRRDXWRUFRQVWDWDVHUH[WUHPDPHQWHGLI tFLO

FRQVWUXLU XPDHVWUDWpJLD XQLILFDGD TXHHQJOREH WRGDV DV VLWXDo}HV GH GHVLJQ 6HQGR DVVLP HOH

VXJHUHTXHXPDHVWUDWpJLDGHGHVLJQDSURSULDGDEDVHDGDHPWHVWHVFRPXVXiULRVVHULD

6HOHFLRQDURPDLVEDL[RQtYHOGHILGHOLGDGHFRQYHQLHQWHPHQWHDSURSUL DGRDRSURGXWR

TXHHVWiVHQGRSURMHWDGR 6HOHFLRQDUXPDSHTXHQDDPRVWUDUHSUHVHQWDWLYDGHXVXiULRV DOYR

6HOHFLRQDUWDUHIDVUHOHYDQWHVSDUDVHUHPH[HFXWDGDV

6HOHFLRQDUFULWpULRVDSURSULDGRVGHXVDELOLGDGHSDUDPHGLomR

([HFXWDU WHVWHV HP VHVV}HV FRP XVXiU LRV GH XPD PDQHLUD FLHQWtILFD FRQWURODU D

WHQGrQFLD GRV XVXiULRV D GDU DV UHVSRVWDV TXH HOH FRQVLGHUD TXH DJUDGDULDP RV

DYDOLDGRUHV HQIDWL]DU TXH R SURGXWR H QmR R XVXiULR HVWi VHQGR WHVWDGR H

XWLOL]DUDWpFQLFDWKLQNLQJDORXGFRPHQWUHYLVWDVDRVXVXiULRVDSyVRWHVWH 5HSURMHWDU R SURWyWLSR EDVHDQGR VH QRV SUREOHPDV HQFRQWUDGRV HP XP QtYHO

PDLRUGHILGHOLGDGH

5HSHWLURSURFHVVRFDVRVHMDQHFHVViULR

+DOODILUPDTXHHQTXDQWRVXDHVWUDWpJLDHVWiDSRLDGDHPWHVWHVFRPXVXiULRVFRPR

IHUUDPHQWD GH DYDOLDomR DYDOLDo}HV KHXUtVWLFDV SRGHP PRVWUDU VH PDLV HIHWLYDV QD UHODomR GH

FXVWREHQHItFLRGRVTXHWHVWHVFRPXVXiULRVHPHVWiJLRVDSURSULDGRVRXFRPFHUWRVWLSRVGH

SURWyWLSRV 2 DXWRU UHFRQKHFH TXH PHVPR XP HVSHFLDOLVWD HP XVDELOLGDGH RX HP L QWHUDomR


50/90


51/90

DWLYLGDGH2WHPSRSDUDFRQFOXLURUHFUXWDPHQWRYDULDQRUPDOPHQWH HQ W U H GXDV H

WUrVVHPDQDV

'HVLJQGHWDUHIDV

1HVWDHWDSDHVSHFLILFDPVHDVWDUHIDVTXHVHUmRH[HFXWDGDVQRVWHVWHVGHXVDELOLGDG H

'HYHSDUWLFLSDUGHVWDDWLYLGDGHRQ~FOHRGRWLPHGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRDX[LOLDGRSRU

DOJXpP TXH WHQKD XP ERP FRQKHFLPHQWR VREUH R GRPtQLR GDTXLOR TXH GHYH VHU

WHVWDGR2GHVLJQGHWDUHIDVGHYHGXUDU HQWUH WUrVHF LQFRKRUDV

&ULDomRGRSURWyWLSRHZDONWKURXJKV

2Q~FOHRGRWLPHGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHYHOLVWDUHOHPHQWRVGDLQWHUIDFHQHFHVViULRV

j UHDOL]DomR GDV WDUHIDV GLYLGLU R WUDEDOKR H[HFXWDU ZDONWKURXJKV SHULyGLFRV H

IRUPDOL]DU D VHTrQFLD GH Do}HV VFULSW VHP XVXiULRV UHDLV DQWHV GRV WHVWHV GHXVDELOLGDGH2WHPSRSUHYLVWRpGHPHLRDF LQFRGLDV

7HVWHVGHXVDELOLGDGHHUHILQDPHQWRLWHUDWLYR

'HYHVHH[HFXWDURVWHVWHVGHXVDELOLGDGHDPDLRULDGRVTXDLVGXUDHQWUHXPDHGXDV

KRUDVOLVWDURVSUREOHPDVHQFRQWUDGRVDSyVFDGDWHVWHHUHYLVDURSURWyWL SRDQWHVGR

SUy[LPRWHVWH7RGRVRV VWDNHKROGHUVGHYHPSDUWLFLSDUGHVWDDWLYLGDGHFXMRWHPSR

WRWDOSUHYLVWRpGH GRLVGLDV

3ULRUL]DomRGHSUREOHPDVHSODQRGHDomR

1HVWDDWLYLGDGHSUREOHPDVTXHQmR IRUDPUHVROYLGRVVmRSULRUL]DGRVDTXHOHVPDLV

JUDYHVVmRGLVFXWLGRVEHPFRPRSRVVtYHLVVROXo}HVXPSODQRGHDomRSDUDUHVROYHU

RVSUREOHPDVHQFRQWUDGRVpHODERUDGRHRVPHVPRVVmROLVWDGRV7RGDVDVSHVVRDV

GDHTXLSHTXHFRQWULEXtUDPHPXPRXPDLVWHVWHVGHYHPSDUWLFLSDU2WHPSRPpGLR

GHVWDDWLYLGDGHpGHWUrVKRUDV

&RPXQLFDomRGHUHVXOWDGRV

8P RX GRLV PHPEURV GD HTXLSH JHUDOPHQWH PDV QmR QHFHVVDULDPHQWH RV

HVSHFLDOLVWDVHPXVDELOLGDGHGHYHPHVFUHYHUXPVXPiULRGRVGH]PDLRUHVSUREOHPDV

GHVFREHUWRVGLVSRQLELOL]DURVUHVXOWDGRVQDLQWUDQHWGDHPSUHVD UHGLJLUXPUHODWyULR

DSUHVHQWDURVUHVXOWDGRVREWLGRVHGLWDUXPYtGHRFRPR ZDONWKURXJKREVHUYDGRH

FULDUHVSHFLILFDo}HVSDUDDLPSOHPHQWDomRGDLQWHUIDFH

(VVDHVWUDWpJLDpDSOLFDGDHPSDUWLFXODUQRVSURFHVVRVGHSURWRWLSDomRHPSDSHOWpFQLFD

VREUHDTXDOWUDWDUHPRVDVHJXLU(ODpFRQKHFLGDSHORVHXEDL[RFXVWRDOWR I H HGEDFN HSRUVHUGH

JUDQGH XWLOLGDGH H IDFLOLGDGH GH XVR SRU QmR HVSHFLDOLVWDV $SUHVHQWDUHPRV D WpFQLFD GH


52/90

SURWRWLSDomRHPSDSHOHVXDVYDQWDJHQVSULQFLSDLVSODQHMDPHQWRSURMHWRGH WDUHIDVSUHSDUDomR

GH SURWyWLSRV SDSpLV H UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV QD FRQGXomR GRV WHVWHV FRPXVXiULRV EHPFRPR R

WUDWDPHQWRGHGDGRV

3URWRWLSDomRHPSDSHO

1XP VHQWLGR PDLV DPSOR SRGH VH FRQVLGHUDU D SURWRWLSDomR HPSDSHOFRPR XP PpWRGR GH

EUDLQVWRUPLQJ SURMHWR FULDomR WHVWH H FRPXQLFDomR GH LQWHUIDFHV JUiILFDV FRP XVXiULRV

6HJXQGRDGHILQLomRGH6Q\GHU S URWRW LSDomR HP SDSHO p XPD YDULDomR GH WHVWHV GH

X VDE LO L GDGH RQGH X VXiU L RV U HS UH V HQWD W LYR V H[H FX WDP WD U HID V U HD LV D W UDY p V GD LQ W HUD omR F RP

XPD YHUVmR HP SDSHO GD LQWHUIDFH PDQLSXODGD SRU XPD SHVVRD DWXDQGR FRPR XP

F RPSXW DGR U TX H Qm R H[SO LF D F RPR D L Q WH U ID F H I RL S U RM H WDGD SD UD I XQF LRQDU $ DXWRUD

VDOLHQWD TXH HVWD WpFQLFD p LQGHSHQGHQWH GH SODWDIRUPD SRGHQGR VHU XWLOL]DGD SDUD ZHEVLWHV

DSOLFDo}HVSDUDLQWHUQHWVRIWZDUHGLVSRVLWLYRV KDQGKHOG HPHVPRKDUGZDUH WXGRTXHSRVVXL

XPD LQWHUIDFH KRPHPFRPSXWDGRU SRGH VHU REMHWR GD SURWRWLSDomR HP SDSHO $ )LJXUD

DEDL[RDSUHVHQWDXPH[HPSORGHSURWyWLSRHPSDSHOGHXPDFDL[DGHGLiORJR


53/90

5RVVRQ H &DUUROO DYDOLDP TXH SURWyWLSRV HP SDSHO WRUQDPVH DLQGD PDLV

LPSRUWDQWHVHPSURMHWRVTXHXWLOL]DPPpWRGRVGHGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYR*HUDOPHQWHXVXiULRV DOYR

GHXPVLVWHPDRXRXWURV VWDNHKROGHUVQmRSRVVXHPWDQWRFRQKHFLPHQWRHPFRPSXWDomRTXDQWR

RWLPHGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWR2VDX WRUHVDUJXPHQWDPTXHWUDEDOKDUVREUHSURWyWLSRVHODERUDGRV

FRP SDSHO H FDQHWD PLQLPL]D GLIHUHQoDV GH H[SHULrQFLD FRP FRPSXWDGRUHV H SHOR FRQWUiULR

HQIDWL]DDLPSRUWkQFLDGRSUySULRGRPtQLR9LVWRTXHWDLVSURWyWLSRVVmRFULDGRVFRPPDWHULDLV

FRPXQVGHHVFULWyULRXPDJUDQGHIDL[DGHLQGLYtGXRVSRGHPFRQWULEXLUGLUHWDPHQWHFRPLGpLDV

GHGHVLJQ R TXH DXPHQWD R HQYROYLPHQWR H HQJDMDPHQWR GH VWDNHKROGHUVQRSURMHWR6Q\GHU

OLVWDRXWURVEHQHItFLRVGDSURWRWLSDomRHPSDSHO

)RUQHFH I HHGEDFN VXEVWDQFLDO GRV XVXiULRV QDV SULPHLUDV HWDSDV GR SURFHVVR GH

GHVHQYROYLPHQWRRXVHMDDQWHVTXHHVIRUoRVGHLPSOHPHQWDomRVHMDPLQYHVWLGRV

3URPRYHXPUiSLGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRLWHUDWLYRH[SHULPHQWDQGR VHYiULDVLGpLDV

)DFLOLWDDFRPXQLFDomRGHQWURGRWLPHGHGHVHQYR OYLPHQWREHPFRPRHQWUHHVWHH

VHXVFOLHQWHV

1mR UHTXHU KDELOLGDGHV WpFQLFDV SHUPLWLQGR TXH PHVPR XP WLPH PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU

WUDEDOKHMXQWR eXPDWpFQLFDGHEDL[tVVLPRFXVWR

(QFRUDMDFULDWLYLGDGHQRSURFHVVRGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGRSURGXWR

+DFNRVH5HGLVKSRURXWURODGROLVWDPDOJXPDVGHVYDQWDJHQVGHVWDWpFQLFD

2VSURWyWLSRVJHUDOPHQWHUHSURGX]HPDSHQDVDOJXPDVGDVIXQFLRQDOLGDGHVILQDLV

$TXLORTXHpUHSUHVHQWDGRSRGHQmRHVWDUSUHVHQWHQDWHFQRORJLDILQDO (OHVUHTXHUHPTXHXPIDFLOLWDGRUKX PDQRVLPXOHRTXHRFRPSXWDGRUIDULD

(VWDWpFQLFDSRGHQmRVHUOHYDGDVXILFLHQWHPHQWHDVpULRSHORVXVXiULRV

3URWyWLSRVHPSDSHOVmRPDLVIiFHLVGHVHSHUGHU

$)LJXUDDEDL[RPRVWUDFRPRRUJDQL]DUSHoDVGHXPSURWyWLSRHPXPHQYHORSH


54/90

&RQWUDULDPHQWH D HVWD ~OWLPD VXSRVLomR 6Q\GHU DUJXPHQWD TXH SURWyWLSRV HP

SDSHO DOpP GH VH UHYHODUHP SDUWLFXODUPHQWHDJUDGiYHLV jTXHODVSHVVRDVTXHQmRVHVHQWHP

VHJXUDV QR XVR GH FRPSXWDGRUHV GHL[DP H[SOLFLWDPHQWH FODUR jTXHOHV XVXiULRV FRP ERD

H[SHULrQFLDHPWHFQRORJLDHJ DGPLQLVWUDGRUHVGHUHGHHGHVHQYROYHGRUHVGHVRIWZDUHTXHVHX

REMHWLYR p REWHUI H HGEDFN DQWHV TXH R SURMHWR HVWHMD IHFKDGR $ DXWRUD FRQVWDWD DLQGD TXH D

WpFQLFDGHSURWRWLSDomRHPSDSHOSURGX]HIHLWRVSVLFROyJLFRVLQWHUHVVDQWHVHPWHUPRVGDPDQHLUDHPTXHRVXVXiULRVUHVSRQGHPDXPGHVLJQQmRWHUPLQDGRTXHOKHVpDSUHVHQWDGR

0DLVIDPLOLDUTXHXPFRPSXWDGRU

0XLWDVSHVVRDVHVSHFLDOPHQWHDVPDLVMRYHQVVHQWHP VHEDVWDQWHFRQIRUWiYHLVFRPR

XVRGHFRPSXWDGRUHVPDVDLQGDKiXPDSRUFHQWDJHPVXEVWDQFLDOGHDGXOWRVTXHQmR

VH VHQWHP GD PHVPD IRUPD 4XDQGR VH GHSDUDP FRP DOJXPD WHFQRORJLD SRXFR

IDPLOLDU Ki XP DJUDYDPHQWR QR ULVFR GH RV XVXiULRV VHQWLUHP VH FRQVWUDQJLGRV

TXDQGRQmRFRQVHJXHPHQWHQGHUDOJRSRUH[HPSORHPXPWHVWHGHXVDELOLGDGH3RU

RXWURODGRFRPSURWyWLSRVHPSDSHOQmRKiDSUHVHQoDGHFRPSXWDGRUHVDSHQDV

VHUHV KXPDQRV 'HYHVH WHU HP PHQWH TXH D DXGLrQFLD DOYR GH XP VLVWHPD SRGH

LQFOXLUSHVVRDVTXHQmRVHVHQWHPFRQILDQWHVFRPRXVRGHFRPSXWDGRUHV

)HHGEDFNPDLVFULDWLYR

$DXWRUDPRVWUDKDYHUHYLGrQFLDVGHTXHXPGHVLJQLQDFDEDGRHQFRUDMDXPDUHSRVWD

PDLV FULDWLYD SRU SDUWH GRV XVXiULRV DOpP GH H[HUFHU XP HIHLWR GUDPiWLFR VREUH

FRPR RV VWDNHKROGHUV VH WRUQDP PDLV HQYROYLGRV FRP R SURMHWR $R LQYpV GH


55/90

DVVXPLUXPDDWLWXGHSDVVLYDXPDSHVVRDDTXHVHDSUHVHQWDXPGHVLJQQmRFRQFOXtGR

WRUQDVH PDLV FULDWLYDPHQWH FRPSURPHWLGD HP UHIOHWLU VREUH FRQFHLWRV H

IXQFLRQDOLGDGHVGHOLPLWDGRVQRSURWyWLSR

$VSHFWRVHVWpWLFRVSRVWHUJDGRV

$ PHQRV TXH VH HVWHMD QDV HWDSDV ILQDLV GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR RX HVSHFLILFDPHQWH

EXVFDQGR I H HGEDFN VREUH R GHVLJQ YLVXDO QmR p GH JUDQGH XWLOLGDGH FROKHU

FRPHQWiULRV VREUH SRU H[HPSOR IRUPDV H FRUHV FRQWLGDV HP XP SURWyWLSR

3URWyWLSRVHPSDSHO GHVHQKDGRVD PmR OLYUHHYLWDPI HHGEDFNYLVXDOSRLVVHWRUQD

yEYLRTXHDHVVDWpFQLFDQmRHVSHFLILFDDVSHFWRVHVWpWLFRVRTXHLQGX]RVXVXiULRVD

PDQWHUHPIRFRQRVFRQFHLWRVHIXQFLRQDOLGDGHVGRVLVWHPDSURWRWLSDGR

$VHJXLUDSUHVHQWDUHPRVRVSULQFLSDLVSRQWRVTXHGHYHP VHUREVHUYDGRVDRVHSODQHMDU

XP HVWXGR GH XVDELOLGDGH FRP SURWRWLSDomR HP SDSHO WDLV FRPR DV SHVVRDV TXH GHYHP VHU

HQYROYLGDVQRSURFHVVRDVDWLYLGDGHVQHFHVViULDVHRWHPSRVXJHULGRSDUDFDGDXPDGHVWDV

3ODQHMDPHQWRGRHVWXGR

1DVHomRDSUHVHQWDUDPVHDOJXPDVHVWUDWpJLDVGHGHVLJQSDUDRSURFHVVRGHSURWRWLSDomRGHQWUHHODVDGH6Q\GHUTXHWHPVXDXWLOLGDGHYROWDGDSDUWLFXODUPHQWHDRSODQHMDPHQWRGH

HVWXGRVGHXVDELOLGDGHFRPSURWyWLSRVHPSD SHO(PWDOHVWiJLRQmRKiDLQGDDSUHRFXSDomRHP

VHHODERUDUTXDOTXHUSURWyWLSRSULPHLUDPHQWHRVREMHWLYRVGHDOWRQtYHOGHYHPVHUDFRUGDGRVH

WDUHIDVSDUDYHULILFDomRGHXVDELOLGDGHGHYHPVHUGHWDOKDGDVSDUDVRPHQWHHQWmRVHGHVHQYROYHU

XPSURWyWLSRHPSDSHOHWHVWiOR

3URWRWLSDomR HP SDSHO H WHVWHV GH XVDELOLGDGH GHYHP HQYROYHU WRGRV RV PHPEURV GD

HTXLSHGHSURMHWRQmRDSHQDVRVSURILVVLRQDLVGHXVDELOLGDGHHGHVLJQ$DXWRUDDQDOLVDTXHDWp

PHVPRGHFLV}HVGHIDWRUHVWpFQLFRVFRPRRSURMHWRGHEDQ FRGHGDGRVSRGHFDXVDULPSDFWR

VREUHDLQWHUIDFHJUiILFDHYLFH HYHUVD(PRXWUDVSDODYUDVRQ~PHURGHGHFLV}HVQRGLD DGLDGH

XPSURMHWRTXHDIHWDPRXVXiULRpGHPDVLDGDPHQWHJUDQGHSDUDVHUJHUHQFLDGRSRUDSHQDVXPD

SHVVRDRXPHVPRXPGHSDUWDPHQWR (PHPSUHVDVFXMDHTXLSHpFRPSRVWDSRUPXLWDVSHVVRDV

UHFRPHQGDVHTXHVHMD GHVLJQDGR XPWLPHQ~FHORSDUD DV DWLYLGDGHV H HVWXGRV GH XVDELOLGDGH

SRLVQmRpSURYiYHOQHPGHVHMiYHOTXHWRGDDHTXLSHGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRHVWHMDHQYROYLGDHP

FDGDDVSHFWRGD SUHSDUDomRHWHVWHGR SURWyWLSR7LSLFDPHQWHRWLPH Q~FOHRGHYHULD LQFOXLURV

GHVLJQHUV H GHVHQYROYHGRUHVUHVSRQViYHLV SHOD LQWHUIDFH JUiILFDEHPFRPRXPHVSHFLDOLVWD HP


56/90


57/90

4XH WDUHIDV VmR PDLV FUtWLFDV SDUD RV XVXiULRV PHVPR TXH VHMDP DV PHQRV

IUHTHQWHV"

4XHSDUWHVGRVLVWHPDDSUHVHQWDPXPFDUiWHULQRYDGRUSDUDDHTXLSH"

&ULDUXPSHUILOGHXVXiULR

$HTXLSHGHYHHVWDUFLHQWHGR WLSRGHXVXiULRTXH VHUiUHFUXWDGRSDUD RVWHVWHVGH

XVDELOLGDGH $ GLVFXVVmR GHYH VHU LQLFLDGD WUDWDQGR VREUH TXH FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV RV

XVXiULRVDOYR GR VLVWHPD SRVVXL SRGH KDYHU PDLV GH XP SHUILO $V VHJXLQWHV

TXHVW}HVVREUHRVXVXiULRVSRGHPVHU~WHLVQHVWDHWDSD

4XDLVVmRVXDVUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVQRWUDEDOKRTXH GHVHPSHQKDP"

4XDOVHXQtYHOGH IDPLOLDULGDGHFRPDWHFQRORJLDHRVFRQFHLWRVXWLOL]DGRVSHOR

SURGXWRHPGHVHQYROYLPHQWR" 4XHSURGXWRVVLPLODUHVHOHVFRPSUDUDPHXWLOL]DUDP"

$SDUWLUGDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXH IRUHPPHQFLRQDGDVGHYH VH HODERUDUXPD OLVWDFRP

WRGDVHODVHLGHQWLILFDU VHDTXHODVTXHFDSWXUDPDHVVrQFLDGRVXVXiULRVHPTXHVWmR

'HWHUPLQDURFURQRJUDPD

+i SURMHWRV GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR HP TXH DV HTXLSHV SRGHP HQFRQWUDU PXLWDV

GLILFXOGDGHVSDUDLQWHUDJLUFRPXVXiULRVUHDLV6HQGRDVVLP6Q\GHU VXJHUHTXH

RUHFUXWDPHQWRGHXVXiULRVHRDJHQGDPHQWRGRVWHVWHVGHXVDELOLGDGHVHMDPIHLWRVDQWHV PHVPR GD HODERUDomR GRV SURWyWLSRV $ DXWRUD FRQVWDWD TXH D PDLRULD

HVPDJDGRUDGRVWHVWHVGHSURWRWLSDomRFRPXVXiULRVGXUDPHQWUHXPDHGXDVKRUDVH

TXHVHJXQGRDWHRULDGH1LHOVHQH/DQGDXHUWHVWHVFRPFLQFRDRLWRXVXiULRV

MiSRGHULDPIRUQHFHUGDGRVVXILFLHQWHVSDUDDLGHQWLILFDomRGRVSDGU}HVSULQFLSDLV

3DUDWDQWRpQHFHVViULRTXHVHMDWHVWDGRRPHVPRFRQMXQWRGHWDUHIDVFRPXVXiULRV

SHUWHQFHQWHV D XP PHVPR SHUILO FRPR IRL DQWHULRUPHQWH GHILQLGR 6Q\GHU

UHFRPHQGDVH TXH VHMD SUHYLVWR XP SHUtRGR HQWUH RV WHVWHV SDUD D UHYLVmR GRV

SUREOHPDVHQFRQWUDGRVHDOWHUDomRGRSURWyWLSRHPSDSHO

'HVLJQGHWDUHIDV

6Q\GHUDILUPDPTXH RGHVLJQGHWDUHIDVpXPGRVDVSHFWRVPDLVLPSRUWDQWHVHPWHVWHVGH

XVDELOLGDGHQmREDVWDREVHUYDURVXVXiULRVLQWHUDJLUHPFRPRTXLVHUHPFRPDLQWHUIDFHpSUHFLVR

GHILQLUWDUHIDVHVSHFtILFDVTXHUHYHOHPDTXLORTXHVHGHVHMDDSUHQGHU+DFNRVH5HGLVK

LQIRUPDPTXHXPDYH]GHFLGLGRTXHDWpFQLFDGHSURWRWLSDomRGHYHUiLQWHJUDURSURFHVVRGH


58/90

SURMHWR GHYHVH GHWHUPLQDU FRPR HOD GHYH VHU LQLFLDGD 'HSHQGHQGR GD VLWXDomR DOJXPDV

SUHRFXSDo}HVSULPiULDVSRGHULDPVHU

2IOX[RGHWHODVSDUDWDUHIDVPDLRUH V

$PHWiIRUDJHUDOHFRPRHODVHUiFRQGX]LGD

2OD\RXWGDWHODSULQFLSDOGHWDUHIDV

2OD\RXWGHWRGDVDVRXWUDVWHODV

0HWiIRUDVDOWHUQDWLYDVRXRXWUDVLGpLDVGHGHVLJQ

2VDXWRUHVH[SOLFDPTXHDSUiWLFDFRPXPQDiUHDpGHTXHLQLFLHFRPDTXHODVWDUHIDV PDLV

FUtWLFDVHIUHTHQWHV+DYHULDXPDHVWDJQDomRQDSURWRWLSDomRFDVRWRGDVDV YDULDo}HVHWDUHIDV

PHQRUHVIRVVHPGLVFXWLGDVWHVWDGDVHDYDOLDGDVGHVGHRFRPHoRGRSURFHVVR8PDERDWDUHID

IRUQHFHGDGRVFRQILiYHLVVREUHWySLFRV FKDYHWDOTXHVHREWHQKDRPi[LPRI H HGEDFN GRVWHVWHV

FRP XVXiULRV 3RU RXWUR ODGR WDUHIDV PDO HVFROKLGDV SRGHP PDVFDUDU SUREOHPDV RX PHVPR

WUDQVIRUPDUHPXPDTXLORTXHQmRpXPSUREOHPDHPVL6Q\GHUDSRQWDDOJXPDVGDV

FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXHVHGHYHFRQVLGHUDUSDUDDGHVLJ QGHERDVWDUHIDV

$WDUHIDEDVHLDVHHPXPREMHWLYRUHOHYDQWHDRSHUILOGHXVXiULRHVFROKLGR$OJXPDVTXHVW}HVVREUHRUHDOREMHWLYRGRVXVXiULRVQRSHUILOHVFROKLGRGHYHPHVWDU

VHPSUH HP PHQWH QDGHILQLomR GH WDUHIDVFRPR SDUD TXH DVSHVVRDVXWLOL]DUm R D

LQWHUIDFH" 2 TXH p LPSRUWDQWH SDUD HODV" &RPR R VLVWHPD DX[LOLD RV XVXiULRV D

DOFDQoDUVHXVREMHWLYRV"$DXWRUDDGYHUWHTXHTXDQGRDHTXLSHHVWiDFRVWXPDGDD

UDFLRFLQDU VREUH D LQWHUIDFH VHPSUH HP WHUPRV GH IXQFLRQDOLGDGH SRGH VHU GLItFLO

SDVVDU D SHQVDU VREUH RV REMHWLYRV GR XVXiULR 1HVVHV FDVRV GHYH VH SURFXUDU

DUJXPHQWDUSRU TXH D IXQFLRQDOLGDGH p LQWHUHVVDQWHDWpTXHDVUHVSRVWDVLQGLTXHP

XPREMHWLYRUHDOGRVXVXiULRV

(ODFRQVLGHUDTXHVW}HVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDRVXFHVVRGRSURGXWRRXQHJyFLR

4XHVW}HVHVSHFtILFDVVmRPDLVIiFHLVGHVHUHVSRQGHUDRSDVVRTXHTXHVW}HVPDLV

JHUDLVVmRJHUDOPHQWHPDLVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDRVXFHVVRGRVLVWHPD8PDPDQHLUDGH

SULRUL]DUTXHVW}HV TXHGHYHPVHUUHVSRQGLGDVSHORVWHVWHVGH XVDELOLGDGHp VROLFLWDU

TXH FDGD SHVVRD QD HTXLSH HVFROKD DV WUrV TXHVW}HV PDLV LPSRUWDQWHV VRE VXD

SHUVSHFWLYD6Q\GHUDLQGDHVFODUHFHTXHTXHVW}HVPDLVJHUDLVSRGHPjVYH]HV


59/90

VHU HVFODUHFLGDV DWUDYpV GH SDGU}HV REVHUYDGRV QRV WHVWHV GH YiULDV TXHVW}HV PDLV

HVSHFtILFDV

(ODSRVVXLXPHVFRSREHPGHILQLGR

2HVFRSRGHXPDWDUHIDGHYHVHUDEUDQJHQWHRVXILFLHQWHSDUDTXHRXVXiULRDOFDQFH

XPREMHWLYRUHDOHUHVSRQGDXPDRXPDLVTXHVW}HVLPSRUWDQWHV7LSLFDPHQWHWDUHIDV

FRP HVFRSR EHP GHILQLGR UHTXHUHP HQWUH FLQFR H WULQWD PLQXWRV SDUD V HUHP

FRPSOHWDGDVHPXPWHVWHFRPSURWyWLSRVHPSDSHO

$WDUHIDGHYHSRVVXLUXPFRQMXQWRILQLWRHSUHYLVtYHOGHSRVVtYHLVVROXo}HV

9LVWR TXH SURWyWLSRV HP SDSHO QmR VmR FRPSOHWDPHQWH IXQFLRQDLV RX VHMD QmR

UHSUHVHQWDPWRGDVDVIXQFLRQDOLGDGHVSUHWHQGLGDV SDUDXPVLVWHPDVHULDLPSRVVtYHO

FRQIHFFLRQDUWRGDVDVSHoDVQHFHVViULDVSDUDVLPXODUDLQWHUDomRGRXVXiULRFRPRVLVWHPD FRPSOHWR $VVLP GHYHVH LQWURGX]LU DOJXPDV UHVWULo}HV QDV WDUHIDVFRPR

SURSyVLWRGHOLPLWDUDTXDQWLGDGHGHSUHSDUDomRQHFHVViUL DSDUDRVWHVWHV3RURXWUR

ODGR6Q\GHUUHFRPHQGDTXHVHPSUHGHYHKDYHUSHORPHQRVXPDVROXomRSDUD

FDGDWDUHID$DXWRUDH[SOLFDTXHPXLWRVHVSHFLDOLVWDVHPXVDELOLGDGHGHVDFRQVHOKDP

DTXHODVWDUHIDVRQGHVHVROLFLWDDRXVXiULRTXHDOFDQFHDOJRTXH VDEHVHpLPSRVVtYHO

(ODSRVVXLXPSRQWRGHWpUPLQRTXHRXVXiULRSRVVDUHFRQKHFHU

$ DXWRUDDUJXPHQWDTXH WDUHIDVVHPXPWpUPLQRGHILQLGRGHYHPVHUHYLWDGDVWDLV

FRPRH[S OR U H H V W H V L W H RXGHV FXEUD D O JR LQ W HU H V VDQ W H VRE UH H V W H PyGXOR2V

XVXiULRVQmRVHVHQWLULDPVHJXURVVHHVWmRUHDOPHQWHID]HQGRDFRLVDFRUUHWDHDWDUHID

VHULD LQWHUURPSLGD HPDOJXPSRQWRDUELWUiULR2 SURWyWLSRGHYHIRUQHFHU I H HGEDFN

VXILFLHQWHSDUDTXHRSUySULRXVXiULRUHFRQKHoDTXHFRQFOXLXDWDUHID

8PDERDWDUHIDHOLFLWDDo}HVQmRDSHQDVRSLQL}HV

8PD WDUHID EHP SURMHWDGD GHYH OHYDU R XVXiULR D LQWHUDJLU FRP R SURWyWLSR QmR

DSHQDVREVHUYiORHGL]HURTXHHOHSHQVD6Q\GHUUHVVDOWDTXH JHUDOPHQWH

DTXLORTXHRVXVXiULRVGL]HPJRVWDUQHPVHPSUHpXPLQGLFDWLYRFRQ ILiYHOGHTXH

HOHVSRGHPUHDOPHQWHXVDUDLQWHUIDFHVHPSUREOHPDV$DXWRUDDYDOLDTXHGXUDQWH

XPWHVWHGHXVDELOLGDGHRVREVHUYDGRUHVGHYHPHVWDUDWHQWRVDPDLRUSDUWHGRWHPSR

HPFRPRRVXVXiULRVWUDEDOKDPFRPDLQWHUIDFHQmRSUHRFXSDQGR VHHPFRQYHUVDU

FRPHOHV4XHVWLRQDPHQWRVVREUHDRSLQLmRGRVXVXiULRVGHYHPVHUIHLWRVDRILPGH

FDGDVHVVmRFRQIRUPHGHWDOKDUHPRVPDLVDGLDQWH


60/90

3UHSDUDomRGRSURWyWLSR

$ FULDomR GH XP SURWyWLSR HP SDSHO DFRQWHFH GH PDQHLUD LWHUDWLYD FRP DWLYLGDGHV GH

ZDONWKURXJKHODERUDPVHDOJXPDVSHoDVGRSURWyWLSRH[HFXWD VHXPZDONWKURXJKYHULILFD

VHRTXHHVWiHUUDGRRXIDOWDQGRHUHSHWH VHHVWHSURFHVVR6Q\GHUDILUPDTXHDPHOKRU

PDQHLUDGHFULDUXPSURWyWLSRYDLGHSHQGHUGRWDPDQKRHFRPSRVLomRGRWLPHHH PTXHHWDSD

QRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRRVLVWHPDVHHQFRQWUD1RFDVRGHLQWHUIDFHVTXHDLQGDQmRH[LVWHPGHIDWR

RX TXH HVWmR VHQGR VXEVWDQFLDOPHQWH PRGLILFDGDV D PHOKRU DERUGDJHP VHULD GLYLGLU SDUD

FRQTXLVWDUFDGDSDUWHGRSURWyWLSRILFDULDVRERHQFDUJRGH DOJXPDSHVVRD$DXWRUDGHIHQGH

DLQGDRXVRGHGHVLJQSDUDOHORXPDWpFQLFDHPTXHRVPHPEURVGDHTXLSHWUDEDOKDPDVyVRXHP

SHTXHQRVJUXSRVSDUDJHUDUGLIHUHQWHVLGpLDVGHGHVLJQSDUDHQWmRUHYLVDUDVRXWUDVLGpLDV$

)LJXUDDEDL[RPRVWUDGXDVLGpL DVGHGHVLJQSURWRWLSDGDVHPSDSHOSDUDXPPHVPRHQJHQKR

GHEXVFD

+DFNRV H 5HGLVK GHWDOKDP TXH XP NLW SDUD VHVV}HV GHSURWRWLSDomR HPSDSHO

SRGHLQFOXLUSDSpLVUHFRUWDGRVQDIRUPDDSURSULDGDSDUDUHSUHVHQWDUDiUHDGDLQWHUIDFHFDQHWDVH

PDUFDGRUHVFRORULGRV FDUW}HVLQGH[DGRV QRWDV SRVW L W GHFRUHV H WDPDQKRV GLIHUHQWHVILWD GH

IiFLO UHPRomR DSDJDGRUHV WHVRXUDV UpJXD H SHoDV SUp GHVHQKDGDV TXH VHMDP UHOHYDQWHV DR

SURMHWR$)LJXUDH[LEHXPWtSLFR NLWSDUDSURWRWLSDomRHPSDSHO


61/90

6Q\GHUDFUHGLWDTXHGHVHQKRVjPmR OLYUHPLVWXUDGRVjSHGDoRV GHWHODLPSUHVVRV

VmR~WHLVSDUDWUDQVPLWLUDVLGpLDVGHGHVLJQDRVXVXiULRVHPERUDVHGHYHVVHRSWDUSRUDSHQDVXP

WLSR GH UHSUHVHQWDomR TXDQGR SRVVtYHO 'XDV SHUJXQWDV SULQFLSDLV SRGHULDP JXLDU R WLPH QD

GLUHomR GD HVFROKD PDLV DSURSULDGD TXDQWR VH HVS HUD TXH D LQWHUIDFH VHMD DOWHUDGD H TXDO

UHSUHVHQWDomRpPDLVUiSLGD"

6Q\GHUUHFRPHQGDTXHDQWHVGRVWHVWHVFRPXVXiULRVWUrVDWLYLGDGHVGHYHPVHU

H[HFXWDGDV SHOD HTXLSH ZDONWKURXJKV LQWHUQRV XP ZDONWKURXJK ILQDO H WHVWHVSLORWR

:DONWKURXJKVLQWHUQRVDX[LOLDPDHTXLSHDFRQGX]LUWHVWHVGHXVDELOLGDGHFRPSURWRWLSDomRHP

SDSHO SRLVVmR VLPLODUHVD HVWHV~OWLPRVKi LJXDOPHQWH SURWyWLSRV H WDUHIDVQmR KDYHQGR

FRQWXGRDSDUWLFLSDomRGHXVXiULRVH[WHUQRV1HOHVRVPHPEURVGRWLPHDJHPFRPR XVXiULRV

H[SHULHQWHV H[HFXWDQGR FDGD DomR GR PRGR HVSHUDGR SHOD HTXLSH (VWD DWLYLGDGH SRGH VHU

EDVWDQWH~WLOjHTXLSHSRLVHODDMXGDD

,GHQWLILFDUSDUWHVGRSURWyWLSRTXHDLQGDSUHFLVDPVHUFULDGDV

3UHSDUDU FDPLQKRV GLIHUHQWHV TXH R XVXiULR SRGH UD FLRQDOPHQWH WRPDU HVWHMDP

DTXHOHVFRUUHWRVRXQmR

3HUFHEHUFRPRVHHVSHUDTXHDLQWHUIDFHRSHUHRTXHpHVSHFLDOPHQWH~WLOjTXHOHV

UHVSRQViYHLV SHOD GRFXPHQWDomR WUHLQDPHQWR RX RV QRYDWRV QR WLPH GH

GHVHQYROYLPHQWR


62/90

,GHQWLILFDUWySLFRVUHODFLRQDGRVjV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVWpFQLFDVGRSURGXWR

2ZDONWKURXJK ILQDOWDPEpPFKDPDGRGHHQVDLRGRWHVWHGH XVDELOLGDGH QmRVH

UHIHUHHVSHFLILFDPHQWHDRSURWyWLSRHPSDSHOHPVLVHQGRXPLPSRUWDQWHSDVVRQDSUHSDUDomR

SDUDTXDOTXHUWLSRGHWHVWHVFRPXVXiULRV7 DOHQVDLRGHYHDFRQWHFHULGHDOPHQWHQRGLDDQWHULRU

DRVWHVWHVHHQYROYHXPJUXSRPDLRUTXHDTXHOHTXHWUDEDOKRXGLUHWDPHQWHQDHODERUDomRGR

SURWyWLSR2REMHWLYRDTXLpDVVHJXUDUTXHWRGRVHVWmRSUHSDUDGRVSDUDRWHVWH2 ZDONWKURXJK

ILQDOGHYHVHUFRQGX]LGRGDPHVPDPDQHLUDTXHXPWHVWHGHXVDELOLGDGHRQGHRSDSHOGRXVXiULR

pDLQGDH[HUFLGRSRUDOJXpPGDHTXLSHPDVFXMRVREMHWLYRVVmR

)DPLOLDUL]DURVREVHUYDGRUHVFRPRSURWyWLSR &ROHWDUTXHVW}HVGDHTXLSH

(VWLPDURWHPSRQHFHVViULRSDUDFDGDWDU HID

'HFLGLUTXDQGRVHGHYHLQWHUYLUQRVWHVWHV

&ULDUXPSODQRURWHLURDOWHUQDWLYRSDUDRVWHVWHV

-i D ILQDOLGDGHGH XP WHVWH SLORWRp UHILQDUDV WDUHIDVH D PHWRGRORJLDXVDGDQRV WHVWHV

SULQFLSDLVGLIHUHQWHPHQWHGRVWHVWHVGHXVDELOLGDGHRQGHRRE MHWLYRpUHILQDUDLQWHUIDFH1RVWHVWHVSLORWR D SDUWLFLSDomRGH XP XVXiULR UHDO p LPSUHVFLQGtYHO 6Q\GHU GLIHUHQFLD XP

WHVWHSLORWRGHXPWHVWHFRPXPGHXVDELOLGDGHSRLVQRSULPHLURRXVXiULRGHYHH[SUHVVDUVXD

RSLQLmR VREUH DV WDUHIDV H LQVWUXo }HV HP VL QmR DSHQDV H[HFXWi ODV 7RGDV HVVDV DWLYLGDGHV

ZDONWKURXJKV LQWHUQRV ZDONWKURXJK ILQDO H WHVWHVSLORWR LQFOXLQGR R SUySULR WHVWH GH

XVDELOLGDGH GHYHP VHU SURWDJRQL]DGDV SRU DOJXQV PHPEURV GD HTXLSH TXH DVVXPHP SDSpLV

HVSHFLDLVHpVREUHLVVRTXHWUDWDUHPRVDVHJXLU

3DSpLVHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV

'HSRLVTXHRSURWyWLSRIRLFULDGRRVWHVWHVGHXVDELOLGDGHGHYHPHQWmRVHUFRQGX]LGRV

HOHVHQYROYHPSHVVRDVTXHVmRUHSUHVHQWDWLYDVSDUDRSHUILOGHDXGLrQFLDDQWHULRUPHQWHDFRUGDGR

SHODHTXLSH6ROLFLWDVHDRXVXiULRTXHH[HFXWHDOJXPDVWDUHIDVLQWHUDJLQGRGLUHWDPHQWHFRPR

SURWyWLSRFOLFDUWRFDQGRVHQRVERW}HVRX K\SHUO LQNVGRSURWyWLSRRXGLJLWDUHVFUHYHQGR

GDGRVVREUHRPHVPR8PDRXGXDVSHVVRDVGDHTXLSHLQWHUSUHWDPR FRPSXWDGRUPDQLSXODGR


63/90

DVSHoDVGHSDSHOSDUDVLPXODURFRPSRUWDPHQWRGDLQWHUIDFHVHPFRQWXGRH[SOLFDUFRPRHODIRL

SURMHWDGDSDUDIXQFLRQDU8P IDF L O L WDGRUJHUDOPHQWHDOJXpPWUHLQDGRHPXVDELOLGDGHFRQGX]D

VHVVmRHQTXDQWRRXWURVPHPEURVGDHTXLSHDWXDP FRPRREVHUYDGRUHVWRPDQGRQRWDV

3DUDTXHVHREWHQKDRPi[LPRGHDSURYHLWDPHQWRQDVVHVV}HVGHWHVWHVFRPXVXiULRp

QHFHVViULRTXHKDMDRUJDQL]DomRHQWUHDVDWULEXLo}HVGHFDGDDWRU$OJXPDVGDVUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV

GHFDGDSDSHOFRPSXWDGRUIDFLOLWDGRUH REVHUYDGRUVmR

&RPSXWDGRU

(VWHPHPEURGDHTXLSHGHYHH[HFXWDUDSHQDVDVRSHUDo}HVHVHTrQFLDVTXHXPD

PiTXLQDSURJUDPDGDUHDOL]DULD(OHGHYHUHIOHWLUDWUDYpVGDPDQLSXODomRGDVSHoDV

GR SURWyWLSR DV HQWUDGDV GRV XVXiULRV QR VLVWHPD 0HVPR TXH R SU RFHVVDPHQWRLQWHUQR GR VLVWHPD YHQKD H GHYH YLU D VHU FRPSOHWDPHQWH GHVFRQKHFLGR SHOR

XVXiULRHVWHSUHFLVDFRPSUHHQGHUDVUHODo}HVGHFDXVD HHIHLWRHQWUHVXDVHQWUDGDVH

DVVDtGDVGRVLVWHPD2FRPSXWDGRUGHYHVHPSUHDJXDUGDUSHODVDo}HVGRVXVXiULRV

DQWHVGHDJLUVREUHRSURWyWLSRHYLWDQGRDQWHFLSDURTXHHOHVSRGHUmRYLUDID]HU

(VWHDWRUGHYHVHPSUHHYLWDUIDODURXFRQYHUVDUFRPRVXVXiULRVGXUDQWHDH[HFXomR

GRWHVWH&RQWXGR6Q\GHUSHUPLWHTXHWDOVHMDIHLWRHPDOJXPDVVLWXDo}HV

SDUDGLIHUHQFLDUVHRXVXiULRHVWiRUGHQDQGRXPFRPDQGRRXDSHQDVHPLWLQGRXP

FRPHQWiULRSDUDHVFODUHFHURTXHRXVXiULRYHULDQRVLVWHPDILQDO HJ L V WR HPF LPD

VmRDEDVQD MDQHODHSDUDIRUQHFHUPHQVDJHQVGHHUURRUDLV

)DFLOLWDGRU

(LVXPDYLVmRJHUDOGDVDWLYLGDGHVWLSLFDPHQWHH[HFXWDGDVSHORIDFLOLWDGRUGHWHVWHVGH

XVDELOLGDGHFRPXVXiULRV

RV REVHUYDGRUHV TXDO GHYH VHU VHX FRPSRUWDPHQWR R TXH GHYHP REVHUYDU H

FRPRGHYHPWRPDUQRWDV

&XPSULPHQWDURVXVXiULRVFRQFHGHU OKHVXPDH[SOLFDomRVREUHR H[SHU LPHQWR

REWHUVXDDXWRUL]DomRWHUPRGHFRQVHQWLPHQWRHHIHWXDUVHXSDJDPHQWRQRV

FDVRVHPTXHDSDUWLFLSDomRGHXVXiULRVpUHPXQHUDGD

&RQGX]LURXVXiULRDRORFDOGHWHVWHVHDSUHVHQWDUDHOHRFRPSXWDGRUHGHPDLV

REVHUYDGRUHVSUHVHQWHV

6ROLFLWDUDRVXVXiULRVTXHVHDSUHVHQWHPHGHVFUHYDPVHXSHUILO

([SOLFDU R SURWRFROR GH WHVWHV FRPR LQWHUDJLU FRP R SURWyWLSR FRPR

H[SUHVVDUVHSHODWpFQLFDGHWKLQNLQJDORXGHWF


64/90

)DFLOLWDUFDGDWDUHIDLQWHUDJLQGRFRPRVXVXiULRVTXDQGRQHFHVViULR

*HUHQFLDUR WHPSRJDVWRHPFDGD WDUHIDLQGX]LQGRjViUHDVTXH VmRGHPDLRU

LQWHUHVVHDRVREVHUYDGRUHV

(QFHUUDUDVHVVmRGHWHVWHVQRWHPSRSUHYLVWR

$JUDGHFHUDRVXVXiULRVHFRQGX]L ORV

/LVWDU FRP RV REVHUYDGRUHV RV WySLFRV HQFRQWUDGRVH PRGLILFDU R SURWyWLSR

SDUDRSUy[LPRWHVWHLVWRSRGHVHUIHLWRSHORWLPH Q~FOHR

2EVHUYDGRU

2VREVHUYDGRUHVGHYHPUHFHEHUXPDFySLDGDVWDUHIDVTXHRVXVXiULRVH[HFXWDUmRR

TXH RV DMXGDUi D OHPEUDU TXDO D SURSRVWD GH FDGD XPD G

azevedo f. l. b. prototipagem rápida no ciclo de design iterativo de aplicações multimídia para...

Documents