atender_clientes_artisticamente

8/2/2019 Atender_Clientes_Artisticamente

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Msok Iovlay Mèàkc}



Oxckhcv il`ckxcy ovxåyxìoeckxcSk kcgaià y`k hcy~cvhìà

Ia~pv`gbx 6>?? Msok Iovlay Mèàkc}+ Xahay lay hcvcibay vcycvzohay

Cl iakxck`ha hc cyxc l`fva ka hcfcvï ycv vc~vahsi`haa xvokye`x`ha ~oviòl a xaxoleckxc, ~av k`kgýk echà,y`k ~vczò osxav`}oi`ùk cyiv`xo hcl osxav+

@YFK= 072%02>%?6%3989%9Hc~ùy`xa Lcgol= l 6366>??:329730

Chìàkcy hc Iagvo Iaeskìoiàkcywww+l`fvayiagvo +iae

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Oz+ Jvoki`yia hc E`vokho iak Oz+ ^v`ki`~ol hc Lay Vsìcy,Ickxva Ce~vcyovòl E`vokho, ^`ya ?, A ì ?D+ Lay Vsìcy+Iovoioy ?>7>, Zckc}sclo+ Xcl !Jor= "$32 $6?6) 697%07>6V` = M%9>99:6:?%9 % C%eo`l=iakxoixaiagvo Niagvo +iaewww+iagvo +iae

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Iakxck`ha

?+Oxckhcv ovxåyxìoeckxc+++ 3

6+±âv qsà “kcgaià―1+++ 0

9+Sk kcgaià ysfcyxèoha +++ ??

8+±ôvo qs`àk cy cl kcgaià1+++ ?9

3+Z`y`ùk eïy oe~lò hcl il`ckxc+++ 66

:+Lo ecxï avo hcl bscza v`xa+++ 67

7+Fsck kcgaià ~ovo lo yolsh+++ 93

2+Foyc hcl ivciè`ckxa ~va cyàkol+++ 8?

0+Zckxomoy ciakùeìoy+++ 87

?>+Javxolc}oy hc ecviohca p ~sflì`hoh+++ 39

??+Eïy c cix`z`hoh iak ~vay~cixay+++ 33

?6+Eïy c cix`z`hoh ~ovo iakivcxov zckxoy+++ 3:

?9+Ecmavcy zckxoy ohìàkolcy+++ 37

?8+Gckcvo lcolxoh p okox`yea+++ 32



?3+Gckcvo ~sflì`hoh eïy ~ahcvayo+++ 30

?:+Cl echà ~sflì`xovà eïy fovoxa+++ :?

?7+C cix`z`hoh iaeskìoiàkol ys~cvàv+++ :9

?2+Vc scv}o cl zolav hc lo ~sflì`hoh+++ :3

?0+Ys è~oixa ~schc isokx` iovyc ecmav+++ :7

6>+Ecmav h` cvckiòi`ùk hc lo iae~cxckiò+++ 7>

6?+±P loy `kyx`xsiàkcy ~ýflìoy1+++ 76

66+@e~oixa ~ovo lo yai`choh+++ 77

69+Lo ysyxckxof`l`hoh hcl kcgaià+++ 29

O eokcvo hc c~ålaga+++ 08

Vc cvckiòy f`flàgvï ioy+++ 02

Yafvc cl osxav+++ ?>>

Iakxck`ha



3

?Oxckhcv ovxåyxìoeckxc

Cy ck ~vècv lsgov sk oixa hc hci`y`ùk+ Ox`ckhcy ovxåyxìoeckxcisokha hci`hcy oxckhcv o ioho il`ckxc, crxcvka a `kxcvka, iakh`gk`hoh c `kxcki`ùk hc `kjs`v ~ay`x`zoeckxc ck àl+

Hci`h`v cy vcyalzcv+ Isokha hci`hcy fv`khov oxcki`ùk iak skk`zcl ovxåyxìa, xaeoy sko hcxcve`koi`ùk ys~cvàv yafvc x`, yafvcxs `kxcl`gckiò, yafvc xs fv`lla ~cvyakol p xaha cl ~axckiòlivcox`za qsc x`ckcy+

Lo hci`y`ùk ~cvyakol cy cl ~vècv ~oya hc lo oxcki`ùk ovxåyxìo

~avqsc cy olga qsc cl`gcy boicv ~av x` p ~ovo x` + Cy skoa~avxsk`hoh ýkìo qsc xc vcgoloy xý, ~avqsc koh`c ~schcafl`govxc o oxckhcv iak gsyxa p ycv sk ovx`yxo hc xs z`ho+

Isokha fv`khoy oxcki`ùk iak ovxc, loy ~cvyakoy y`ckxck qscxsz`yxc sko zolckxåo cy~ciòl, skiavomc ys~cvàv ~ovo xaeov

lo hci`y`ùk hc hov la ecmav hc x` ol oxckhcvloy p opshovloy+

Hci`h`v oxckhcv iak criclckiò cy zolavovxc, iaea ycvbseoka+ Ol fv`khov ovxc o xvozày hc xs hcyce~cÿa, xcgvox` ioy xý, xc ~vceòy, xc ox`ckhcy xý e`yea iak o~vcià,xc ~va~aviàkoy f`ckcyxov p ckisckxvoy ck lo oxcki`ùklo a~avxsk`hoh eïy y`gk` iox`zo hc ~lck`xsh ~cvyakol p~va cyàkol+



:

Oyå ~scy, y` lo oxcki`ùk ovxåyxìo cy sko z`y`ùk p sko laya åo hcz`ho, ckxakicy yc xvoxo hc sk oyskxa ivsiòl ~ovo loy ~cvyakoy pisolqs`cv avgok`}oi`ùk +

Hc cyxo eokcvo, sk cqs`~a hc xvofoma, sko ce~vcyo, sko av%gok`}oi`ùk yaiòl a sko `kyx`xsi`ùk ~ýflìo qsc yc ~va~akchcyce~cÿovyc iak k`zcl ovxåyxìa, xoef`àk hcfc iaeck}ov ~avhci`h`vla+ La isol vc~vcyckxo xoef`àk skvcxa cyckiòl o ysy zo%lavcy, o ys iakzìi`ùk, o ys iabcvckiò, o ys zalskxoh hc ys~c%voi`ùk p ys zcvhohcva iae~vae`ya iak cl ecmavoe`ckxa hòvà+

Ck cyxc yckx`ha, oxckhcv ovxåyxìoeckxc cyoxckhcv iakh`gk`hoh , criclckiò, `kxcgv`hoh, kaflc}o, bakav+

Oxckhcv, opshov p ycvz`v o axvay iak h`gk`hoh, ys~akch`gk`hoh boiò ska e`yea, la qsc y`gk` io ck xàve`kay

yè~lcyycv ~cvyako p ycv gckxc ck lo eokcvo hciae~avxovyc+

Vciscvho qsc lo oxcki`ùk ovxåyxìo hc lay il`ckxcy cy cl xvofoma~va cyàkol eïy h`gka qsc cr`yxc, ~avqsc cy cl xvofoma qscvcqs`cvc eïyzolav ~cvyakol , boiò x`, boiò la qsc boicy pboiò loy ~cvyakoy+

Ol xckcv sko z`y`ùk hcl xvofoma hc oxckhcv iak yckx`ha hcovxc, lagvoy cr~cvèckxov sk gvokh`y vsxc lofavol , ~avqsc lo

Oxckhcv ovxåyxìoeckxc



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criclckiò ck lo oxcki`ùk xc h`gk` io iaea ycv bseoka p xcboicv yckx`v xs ~axckiòl ~ovo ycv ýx`l+

âv ýlxèa, oxckhcv il`ckxcy ovxåyxìoeckxc qs`cvc hci`v qsc ox`ck%hcy iak sko ilovo`kxcki`ùk hc `k s`v ~ay`x`zoeckxc ck cl cyxohahc ïkèa hc loy ~cvyakoy iak qs`ckcy `kxcvoixýoy+

Cl ovx`yxo hc lo oxcki`ùk x`ckc cl ~va~ùy`xa iakyi`ckxchc iakeazcv o ioho il`ckxc, hc boicvyc kaxov p ka ~oyovhcyo~cvi`f`ha+

Ox`ckhcy ovxåyxìoeckxc isokha ka xvofomoy iak `kh` cvckiò,isokha ka cvcy o~ïxìa vckxc o loy ~cvyakoy qsc xc kcicy`xokp isokha ka xc hcyce~cÿoy iaea y` scvoy sk vafax acyxsz`cvoy oyx`hòha hc boicv xs xvofoma+

Ox`ckhcy iak ovxc, isokha yc xc kaxo lo ~oy`ùk qsc ~vahsichci`h`v xvofomov iak h`gk`hoh hc opshov p avgslla hc ycvz`v+

Ol oxckhcv iak sk k`zcl ovxåyxìa, xs afmcx`za cy io~xovlo oxcki`ùk hcl il`ckxc p hcylsefvovla iak cl gsyxa qscxvokye`xcy ~av la qsc boicy+ Cy sk ~loicv qsc ~vahsicohe`voi`ùk, qsc oyi`ko p gckcvo o~losyay+

Iaea ovx`yxo hc lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc, xs ecxo ~cvyakolcy xvoky aveov lo vsx`ko p la avh`kovà ck eaeckxay



2

crxvoavh`kovày ~ovo lo gckxc, hokha la ecmav hc x`, iaea~cvyako p iaea ~va cyàkol+

Gvoiòy o xs fýyqscho hc criclckiò ovxåyxìo, lagvoy boicvqsc loy lofavcy p loy skiàkcy iae~lcmoy ls}iok ycki`lloy,ïi`lcy hc vcol`}ov p boyxo h`zcvx`hoy+ Hc cyxo eokcvo `kjspcy

~ay`x`zoeckxc ck cl cyxoha hc ïkèa hc lo gckxc qsc yc xcoicvio ~ovo qsc lo ox`ckhoy+

Po yofcy, ck cyxc l`fva,oxckhcv il`ckxcy ovxåyxìoeckxc

y`gk` io hci`y`ùk hc eoviov lo h` cvckiò iak ioho ~cvyako iaklo qsc `kxcvoixýoy, oxckh`àkhalo iak h`gk`hoh c `kxcki`ùk hc`kjs`v ~ay`x`zoeckxc ck cllo+

Oxckhcv ovxåyxìoeckxc



0

±âv qsà “kcgaià―1

Cy esp ~vafoflc qsc lo ~olofvo “kcgaià―, ~vècva kayczaqsc y`gk` iohay iaecviòlcy p ecviokx`lcy+ Ioy` y`ce~vcsx`l`}oeay cyxc zaiofla ~ovo vc cv`vkay o la qsc boiceayskhoeckxoleckxc ~av h`kcva+

Y`k cefovga, ck cyxoy ~ïg`koy xc ~va~akga qsc xoef`àkzcoy lo ~olofvo “kcgaià― iaea xahooii`ùk a oix`z`hoh qscvcol }oeay ~avqsc ~vaisvoeay eïy yolsh p f`ckcyxov ~cvyakol,ck sk yckx`ha eïy oe~là qsc cl ecviokx`l+

Yå, cy zcvhoh, hcyhc cl ~skxa hc z`yxo ~va cyàkol, sk kcgaiàvcqs`cvc xvofoma, cy scv}a, `kìòx`zo, ivcox`z`hoh, hchìoi`ùk,~vïixìo, h`yi`~l`ko, oxcki`ùk p is`hoha+ ±^cva oioya cyxa kacy la e`yea qsc hcfceay boicv y` oy~`voeay xckcv ecmaviol`hoh hc z`ho 1

Iaea sckxc hc `ky~`voi`ùk, xc `kz`xa o qsc ~`ckycy ck lo~olofvo “kcgaià― iaea sko criclckxc a~avxsk`hoh ~ovooe~lòv ys yè~lc y`gk` ioha eakcxovà+

Iaky`hcvo kcgaià iaea y`kùkèa hc sx`l`hoh, ~vazciba,fckc ià, gokokiò, zckxomo, vciae~ckyo, lagva, vcol`}oi`ùkp vckhè`ckxa+ Sko ~cvy~cix`zo qsc hcmo ilova qsc skfsck kcgaià cy sk fsck cyxåesla hcl `kxcvày, sko gvokeax`zoi`ùk +

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Ck cyxc yckx`ha, “sk kcgaià y`k hcy~cvhìà― y`gk` io lae`yea qsc “sk kcgaià vchakha―, ck cl qsc yc afx`ckc loeïrèo sx`l`hoh a gokokiò isokha xvofomoy ck clla+

@gsol aisvvc iak lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc+ Lo fscko oxcki`ùk olil`ckxc ka yùla cy sk kcgaià vchakha ~ovo qs`ckcy lo vci`fck,y`ka xoef`àk ~ovo cl qsc lo ho p qs`ckcy cyxïk o ys olvchchav+

Y`k cefovga, bop qsc ogvcgov qsc lay fckc iày yak eopavcyisokha cl kcgaià hc oxckhcv ovxåyxìoeckxc yc iakz`cvxc ck

sk ck aqsc hc z`ho , qsc zo eïy ollï hcl xvofoma+

Cyxo ~cvy~cix`zo a z`y`ùk hc z`ho, cy lo qsc ~cve`xciae~vckhcv cl ~av qsà oxckhcv iak criclckiò x`ckc skè~oixa ys~cvàv, xokxa ck il`ckxcy crxcvkay iaea `kxcvkay+

Àyxc cy “cl kcgaià― qsc xc ~va~akga iak cyxo ~sflìoi`ùk=sko z`y`ùk eïy oe~lò hc lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc "eïy ollï hclycvzìà) p hcl ~va~à iakic~xa hc il`ckxc+

Yc xvoxo hc sko av`ckxoi`ùk qsc xc opshovï o oe~lòv xsya~avxsk`hohcy hc hcyovvalla, iaea avgok`}oi`ùk a iaea~cvyako+

±âv qsà “kcgaià―1



??

Sk kcgaià ysfcyxèoha

Cy h` åi`l iakycgs`v o olgs`ck qsc h`go qsc lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxcka cy olga skhoeckxol ~ovo isolqs`cv ce~vcyo hc ycvzìàa `kyx`xsi`ùk ~ýflìo+ Y`k cefovga, ck lo ~vïixìo yc ~schckckiakxvov esiboy iakxvohìiàkcy+

Loiokx`hoh, vcisckiò p ~va skh`hoh hc lo aveoi`ùk~va cyàkol ck oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc qs`}ïy cy lo eopav cz`hckiòhc isïkxa p iùea yc ysfcyxèo cl kcgaià hc oxckhcv f`ck+

âv cmce~la, cy sysol ckiakxvov qsc lay ce~lcohay qsc

eïy ox`ckhck ~cvyakoy isckxok iak esp ~aio a k`kgskoaveoi`ùk ck eoxcvò hc oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc+ _s`}ïy hae`kokf`ck lay oy~cixay xàikìay hc ys ski`ùk lofavol, ~cva loiol`hoh hc iaeskìoi`ùk `kxcv~cvyakol o lo bavo hc fv`khovoxcki`ùk p ycvzìà kcicy`xo ecmavoy iaky`hcvoflcy+

Ck axvoy ~olofvoy, ck loaveoi`ùk ~ovo cl xvofoma qscvci`fèay ck foib`llcvoxa a lo sk`zcvy`hoh, cy vcoleckxchvoeïx io lo cyioyc} hc eoxcvòy hc cyxshà yafvc oy~cixayilozcy z`kislohay iak lo iaeskìoi`ùk c cix`zo, loy vcloiàkcy`kxcv~cvyakolcy, cl ycvzìà p lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc+ Xaha cleskha hìc qsc cyxay yak oy~cixay cyckiòlcy ck isolqs`cvxvofoma, ~cva lo e`kavåo x`ckc cyxshày aveolcy ol vcy~cixa+

Lo eopavåo hc loy ~cvyakoy ~`ckyok qsc yc xvoxo hc sk oyskxahc “zaioi`ùk―+ Cy hci`v, qsc qs`ckcy fv`khok fscko oxcki`ùk la

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?6

boick ~av sko h`y~ayì`ùk “koxsvol― a ~avqsc koi`cvak iak lo`kil`koi`ùk hc boicvla+

Axvay ~`ckyok qsc ~ovo fv`khov sko fscko oxcki`ùk, loaveoi`ùk ~va cyàkol ka cy xok è~avxokxc iaea lo fsckooix`xsh, alz`hokha qsc àyxo cy sko iakycisckiò p ka lo iosyo+âv la xokxa, cy iae~vcky`flc qsc esibay yc ~vcgskxck ±isïkxa zolav ~schc xckcv lo fscko oxcki ùk ol il`ckxc y` cyolga qsc ka yc cyxshò, qsc ka x`ckc eoxcvòy cy~ciå ioy ckk`kgýk k`zcl oiohàeìa p qsc ka cr`yxc iaea iovvcvo1

Iaea ck isolqs`cv xvofoma, lo fscko h`y~ayì`ùk o vcol }ov f`cksko lofav cy sk oy~cixa esp è~avxokxc, ~cva ka ysji ckxc +Hìba hc axvo eokcvo, ka foyxo xckcv fscko oix`xsh ~ovoycv fsck eàhìa, `kgck`cva a ohe`k`yxvohav+ Y`k ys i`ckxcaveoi`ùk ~va cyàkol, sko fscko oix`xsh ~ahvåo llcgov o ycv

boyxo iakxvo~vahsickxc+

E`ckxvoy eopav yco lo aveoi`ùk ~va cyàkol, eckav cy clhcy~cvhìà ck cl kcgaià hc oxckhcv il`ckxcy ovxåyxìoeckxc+

Sk kcgaià ysfcyxèoha



?9

±ôvo qs`àk cy cl kcgaià1

^cveåxcec cr~akcv cyxc oyskxa hc xokxa zolav iak loeopav oe~l`xsh ~ay`flc= lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc cy sk xceoskhoeckxol hsvokxc xaho lo z`ho lofavol hc isolqs`cv ~cvyako,ck xahoy loy ïvcoy hc xvofoma, y`k cric~i`ùk+

Xaeokha cyxa ck isckxo, lsic cy~ciòleckxc iakzck`ckxc qsclay sxsvay xvofomohavcy iae`ckick o cyisibov p boflov hclxceo hcyhc okxcy hc hcyce~cÿov sko vcy~akyof`l`hoh aveolhc xvofoma+ Hc cyxo eokcvo x`ckck eïy a~avxsk`hohcy hc~vc~ovovyc ecmav+

Laycyxshòkxcy hc foib`llcvoxa , ~av cmce~la, hcfck yofcvqsc ck ys sxsva oiohàeìa p ~va cyàkol y`ce~vc cyxovïkvckxc o y`xsoiàkcy qsc vcxok lo iol`hoh hc ys oxcki`ùk o logckxc+ Cyxa po la bok cr~cvèckxoha+ Xckga lo ycgsv`hohhc qsc ck cyxc k`zcl oiohàeìa iakaick f`ck isïlcy yak

loy iakycisckiòy hc ~vcyxov fscko oxcki`ùk ck iloyc, o lay~va cyavcy, o lay iae~oÿcvay p o lay xceoy qsc hcfck cyxshòv+

âv ys ~ovxc, clcyxshòkxc sk`zcvy`xovà, kcicy`xo xckcviaki`cki o hc qsc isolqs`cvo qsc yco lo iovvcvo qsc bogo,ys xvofoma y`ce~vc cmcvicvï sko gvok `kjsckiò ck lo z`hohc esiboy ~cvyakoy+ Eax`za ys i`ckxc ~ovo qsc yc ~vc~ovcesiba ecmav yafvc lay h` cvckxcy oy~cixay `kzalsivohay ck looxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc+

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?8

Y` cyxïy xvofomokha, po hcfcy bofcvxc hoha isckxo hc qscxaha la qsc yc boic ck isolqs`cv avgok`}oi`ùk, ~v`zoho a~ýflìo, cyxï av`ckxoha o yox`y oicv kcicy`hohcy hc ~cvyakoy+ Xahay lay ~vaicyay skhoeckxolcy hc xvofoma iae`ck}ok pxcve`kok iak lo oxcki`ùk o lo gckxc, `khc~ckh`ckxceckxc hc=

… Cl k`zcl hc cyxshà a cl xåxsla sk`zcvy`xovà qsc xckgoy4

… Cl ïvco ~vajcyàkol o lo qsc xc hch`qscy4

… Cl x`~a a xoeoÿa hc avgok`}oi`ùk ck lo qsc xvofomcy, yco~v`zoho a ~ýflìo4

… Lo ~ayì`ùk hcl iovga qsc xc oy`gkck4 p

… Xsy vcy~akyof`l`hohcy lofavolcy cy~ciå ioy+

Ohceïy, loy ~cvyakoy qsc ecmav fv`khok oxcki`ùk p ycvzìàck loy avgok`}oiàkcy yak loy qsc x`ckck eïy a~avxsk`hohcyhc ivciè`ckxa ~va cyàkol= ysy il`ckxcy crxcvkay c `kxcvkayy`ce~vc loy vciae`ckhok iak axvay il`ckxcy+

Ck ioya hc qsc cyxàyhcyce~lcoha , hcfcy xaeov oýk eïy ckisckxo qsc sko hc loy avxolc}oy ilozcy ~ovo ckiakxvov xvofomap sko hc loy z`vxshcy qsc eïy lcy `kxcvcyo o xsy ~axckiòlcyce~lcohavcy, cy lo h`y~ayì`ùk qsc x`ckcy ~ovo oxckhcv f`ck




?3


o lo gckxc+ Y` ecmavoy xs zolavoi`ùk hc la qsc cyxa y`gk` io,xoef`àk ecmavovïy xsy a~avxsk`hohcy hc iakycgs`v ce~lca+

Isokha bogoy xs vcyseck isvvìslov a isokha zopoy o skockxvcz`yxo iak sk ~ay`flc ce~lcohav, xs zcvhohcvo oix`xshboiò lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc p xs aveoi`ùk ~va cyàkol ck cyxcxceo yak hc lay oy~cixay qsc eïy xc czolsovïk+

Y` x`ckcy olgýkiovga hc ys~cvz`yav , isolqs`cvo qscyco lo iokx`hoh p iovoixcvåyxìoy hc loy ~cvyakoy foma xs

vcy~akyof`l`hoh, kcicy`xoy xckcv oýk eïy iaki`ckiò yafvc loiol`hoh hc oxcki`ùk p ycvzìà qsc lcy hoy o xsy ys~cvz`yohay+ Xs xvoxa boiò cllay eahclovï hc aveo hcxcve`kokxc lo eokcvock qsc cllay yc ox`ckhok ckxvc yå, xvofomck ck cqs`~a p ox`ckhoko lay il`ckxcy crxcvkay+

Y` xvofomoy ck clhc~ovxoeckxa hc vcisvyay bseokay , yofcyqsc cyxc oyskxa cy ivsiòl+ Lay ce~lcohay hc xs avgok`}oi`ùk,hc sko eokcvo s axvo, xcve`kok vcjcmokha boiò lay il`ckxcylo iol`hoh hc lo oxcki`ùk p ycvzìà qsc vci`fck iaea il`ckxcy`kxcvkay hc lo ce~vcyo+

Lay ~va cyàkolcy hcyovvallok eïy yckx`ha hc `hckx`hoh piae~vae`ya boiò loy ce~vcyoy qsc x`ckck iabcvckiò ckxvc loaveo ck qsc xvoxok o ysy xvofomohavcy p lo qsc lc cr`gck xckcviak lay il`ckxcy crxcvkay+ Cy hci`v, lo cyxvoxcgò hc “hov la qsc



?:

yc cr`gc― p “~voixìov iak cl cmce~la― gckcvo eïy lcolxoh hclxvofomohav boiò ys ce~lcohav+

@gsoleckxc, y` lo ce~vcyo x`ckc ~alåxìoy iaecviòlcy ~ovo~vceòv o lay il`ckxcy crxcvkay p hovlc sk xvoxa cy~ciòl o layeïy lcolcy p iakycisckxcy, xoef`àk hcfcvåo xckcv ~alåxìoyhc vcisvyay bseokay ~ovo ~vceòv o lay il`ckxcy `kxcvkay eïyiakycisckxcy iak lo criclckiò ~cvyakol ck oxcki ùk p ycvzìà+

Y` xvofomoy ck clïvco hc aveoi`ùk hc sko ce~vcyo, a y`

cvcyeocyxva, ~va cyav a `kyxvsixav , ycgsvoeckxc xc `kxcvcycvc~axckiòv cl ck aqsc hc xsy ckycÿok}oy ~ovo afxckcv eïyc ioiò chsiox`zo+

Ck cyxc yckx`ha, y` iaky`hcvoy lo aveoi`ùk iaea sk ~vahsixap o lay o~vckhìcy iaea il`ckxcy, xsy oix`z`hohcy h`hïixìoy

afxckhvïk sko ~cvy~cix`zo esiba eïy oe~lò p c cix`zo+

Ck axvoy ~olofvoy, ychsi`v p ~cvysoh`v ol olseka ~ovo qscqs`cvo cyxshòv p o~vckhcv eïy, iaea hci`y`ùk ~cvyakol, lc hoeïy scv}o o lo ivcox`z`hoh hcl chsiohav ck iae~ovoi`ùk oisokha yaloeckxc cmcvic sko oix`xsh olciiàkohavo+

Y` cyxïy ck cl eskha hclecviohca p lo ~sflì`hoh , cy `kh`y%~ckyoflc qsc xaecy eïy ck isckxo lo èogck qsc loy ce~vc%yoy ~vahsick o xvozày hc ysy iokolcy hc oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc+




?7


Lay ce~lcohay qsc ox`ckhck o il`ckxcy qsc lloeok ~avxclà aka, a z`y`xok ~skxay hc zckxo hcl okskiòkxc, yc bokiakzcvx`ha ck sk echà ~sflì`xovà skhoeckxol+ Cllay boickhc ys iae~avxoe`ckxa vckxc ol iakyse`hav lo cr~cv`ckiòeïy `kjspckxc ck lo ~cvic~i`ùk p zolavoi`ùk boiò lo ce~vcyop ysy eovioy+

Ck sk cyxvìxa yckx`ha hc ecviohca, cyo ~cvic~i`ùk pzolavoi`ùk yak lay ~`lovcy cyckiòlcy hcl ~vaicya hcfvokh`kg hc isolqs`cv avgok`}oi`ùk, ~vahsixa a ycvzìà, iaecviòl

a ka+ Ck iakycisckiò, cl xvoxa hc lay ce~lcohay hcfciaky`hcvovyc iaea ska hc lay iokolcy hc ecviohca p~sflì`hoh eïy è~avxokxcy+

âv axva loha, sko hc loy iakycisckiòy hc sko yai`chohfaefovhcoho hc `k aveoi`ùk ~av xokxay echày, cy qsc

lay il`ckxcy yofck eïy yafvc ~vahsixay p ycvzìày+ âv xolvo}ùk, ioho håo yak eïy lay il`ckxcy qsc yalì`xok `k aveoi`ùkcy~ciå io yafvc ~vahsixay, ycvzìày a ~vaeaiàkcy qsc layce~lcohay hcl okskiòkxc hcyiakaick, a ka isckxok iakys i`ckxc aveoi`ùk ~ovo oxckhcv ~va cyàkoleckxc ol vcy~cixa+

Oyè`yea, loy vchcy yaiòlcy ck @kxcvkcx bok ogvcgohaeïy è~oixa ~sflì`xovà olc cixa faio%o%faio hc layiakyse`havcy+ Y`xày wcf iaea Joicfaad a Xw`xxcv ioho zc}yak eïy sx`l`}ohay iaea ~loxo aveoy hc hckskiò ~av il`ckxcy



?2

qsc bok z`z`ha hcic~iàkokxcy cr~cv`ckiòy iak eovioy hcce~vcyoy p ~vahsixay+

Ck lo Wcf 6+> loy ce~vcyoy cyxïk esp cr~scyxoy o ycv iv`xìohoyy` fv`khok eol ycvzìà a ka yak yaiòleckxc vcy~akyoflcy+ Y`ka x`ckck sko cyxvoxcgò ohcisoho hc oxcki`ùk p ycvzìà, cyoyqscmoy ~schck iakzcvx`vyc ck sko ~cyoh`llo+

âv ys ~ovxc, cl ~va cyàkol hchìoha o loyiaeskìoiàkcyiav~avox`zoy ckiakxvovï ck cyxc xceo a~avxsk`hohcy ~ovo

ecmavov lay eckyomcy p lo ~ayxsvo hc loy ce~vcyoy vckxc o loycr`gckiòy hc lo vcy~akyof l`hoh yaiòl a sko iv`y`y hc eogck~ýflìo+ Oxckhcv ovxåyxìoeckxc o lay ~ýflìay ilozcy ck eaeckxayhc ohzcvy`hoh, y`ce~vc ~vahsic h`z`hckhay crxvoavh`kovày+

Ka è~avxo cl k`zcl hc aveoi`ùk qsc xckgoy a cl ïvco ck

lo qsc xvofomcy, y` cvcygcvckxc p lo gckxcka cy cl ickxva hcxs oxcki`ùk, lay vcyslxohay hc xs gcyx`ùk ycvïk echàivcy+Iakxovïy iak esibay vcisvyay xcikalùgìay, ~cva lo iol`hoh hclo oxcki`ùk o ysy e`cefvay y`gsc y`ckha cl cmc cyckiòl ck laycqs`~ay hc olxa hcyce~cÿa +

ôvohùmìoeckxc, xoef`àk cy ska hc lay oy~cixay eïy ysfcyx`%eohay ck lo gcvckiò iakxce~avïkco+ Sko ~vscfo `vvc sxoflc=iae~ovo lo h` cvckiò qsc bop ckxvc cl ~vcys~scyxa ~sflì`xovàa cl hc xcikalagåoy hc `k aveoi`ùk p cl ~vcys~scyxa hc aveo%




?0


i`ùk hc lay ce~lcohay ck oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc+ Ama, ka h`ga qsccyxay ~vcys~scyxay hcfok ycv `gsolcy, y`ka qsc lo fvcibo cyckavec, xokxa ck lay eakxay iaea ck loy ~vàv`hohcy+

Y` cvcyce~vcyovà , f`ck yco qsc x`ckcy sk kcgaià ckaveoi`ùk, a ck ~vaicya hc hcyovvalla, a sko ce~vcyoiakyal hoho, ka alz`hcy k` sk `kyxokxc qsc cl kaefvc hcl mscgacy “ycvzìà p oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc―+ Ck sko ciakaeåo glafol`}oholay ~vahsixay p ycvzìày ioho håo x`ckhck o ~ovcicvyc eïy+Vo}ùk ~av lo isol lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc cyxï cmcvi`ckha eïy

è~oixa p ivcokha zcvhohcva zolav ck loh` cvckiòi`ùk hcisolqs`cv kcgaià a eovio+

Ck sko ce~vcyo iakyal`hoho, cr`yxc lo criclckxc a~avxsk`hohhc iakzcvx`v lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc cksk ~`lov skhoeckxol hcys islxsvo avgok`}oiàkol+ Oyå yc ~schc opshov ecmav o lay ce%

~lcohay ~ovo qsc yc~ok isïlcy yak loy iakhsixoy hòvòy qsc loavgok`}oi`ùk cy~cvo hc cllay ck cyxo eoxcvò+

Y` cyxïy `kìòkha sk kscza kcgaià, xc ckisckxvoy ck sk ea%eckxa `hcol ~ovo cyxoflcicv cyc ~`lov hcyhc cl ~v`ki`~à+ Cya lchovï esibo eïy scv}o p ysyxckxof`l`hoh o xs ce~vckhè`ckxa+

Ck ioya hc ycvce~lcoha ~ýflìa , `khc~ckh`ckxceckxc hcliovga qsc xckgoy a lo ski`ùk qsc hcyce~cÿcy, hcfcy cyxoviakyi`ckxc hc qsc xs xvofoma hòvà cy la qsc eïy `kjspc



6>

ck lo iol`hoh hc z`ho hcl eopav kýecva hc ~cvyakoy hc loiaesk`hoh, ~scfla, i`shoh p ~oåy ck cl qsc z`zcy+

Iaea skiàkovà hc sko `kyx`xsi`ùk hcl Cyxoha, lo vo}ùk hcycv hc xs xvofoma cyxï iakyx`xs`ho ~av layi`shohokay + O cllay xchcfcy p ~av cllay hcfcy ~vc~ovovxc+ Cyxc l`fva ycgsva xc opsho%vï o qsc xý e`yea lc axavgscy eïy h`gk`hoh ~va cyàkol o xahala qsc boicy iaea ycvz`hav ~ýflìa+

Ck xahay lay ioyay p y`xsoi akcy okxcy hcyiv`xoy, ~ahceay hci`v

qsc=

?+ Lay il`ckxcy yaklo sckxc ilozc hc lay `kgvcyay ciakùeìayp “ceaiàkolcy― "yox`y oii`ùk, f`ckcyxov p ~lck`xsh) ~ovoisolqs`cv xvofomohav+

6+ Lo oxcki`ùk cy ska hclay echày ~v`ki`~olcy o xvozày hclisol yc ~vahsick cyay `kgvcyay+

9+ Loy vcy~akyof`l`hohcy p bof`l`hohcy lofavolcy yak lo ~loxo aveo iak lo isol hoy oxcki`ùk o lo gckxc+

Ckxakicy, ~av oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc ck cyxc l`fva ec vc cva o loaveo ck lo qsc xý xc vcloiàkoy iak loy ~cvyakoy isokha loycyxïy oxckh`ckha, ck isolqs`cv ïef`xa+ ±Oioya ka cy olga z`xol~ovo x`1




6?


±ôvo qs`àkcy lo oxcki ùk ovxåyxìo cysk kcgaià y`k hcy~cvhìà1



66

Z`y`ùk eïy oe~lò hcl il`ckxc

Ol `gsol qsc lo ~olofvo “kcgaià―, yafvc cl iakic~xa “il`ckxc― bopesibay ~vcmsìày p h`yxavyàkcy+ O xol ~skxa qsc ck esiboy`kyx`xsiàkcy ~ýflìoy cr`yxc sk `kiae~vcky`flc ce~cÿa ck kalloeov o lay il`ckxcy hc cyxo eokcvo, y`ka sysovày a ~ýflìa+

^vafoflceckxc, cl av`gck hc cyxoy `kxcv~vcxoiàkcyhcyz`vxsohoy yafvc cl iakic~xa hc il`ckxc cyxï ck loh` cvckiòi`ùk qsc ck cl eskha hcl ecviohca yc ysclc boicvckxvciae~vohav p sysovà + Cl ~vècva ~ogo p cl ycgskhasx`l`}o+ O zcicy cy lo e`yeo ~cvyako p o zcicy yak h` cvckxcy+

âv cmce~la, y` cyxïy ysyiv`xa o sk ycvzìà hc xclc akåo eùz`l,ycgsvoeckxc cvcy qs`ck ~ogo p syo cl ycvzìà+ ^cva ~ahvåo ycvqsc xoef`àk ~ogscy ~av cl ycvzìà qsc sx`l`}ok xsy b`may+

Lo zcvhoh cy qsc cyxo h` cvckiòi`ùk x`ckc, ~v`ki`~oleckxc,

sko ski`ùk aveol p ohe`k`yxvox`zo+ ^cva hcyhc cl ~skxa hcz`yxo hc lo oxcki`ùk, lo h` cvckiòi`ùk ~schc xckcv c cixaykcgox`zay p iakxvo~vahsickxcy = y`ce~vc qsc xc xvoxck iaeasysovà p ka iaea iae~vohav, iavvcvïy iak lo eolo yscvxc hcvci`f`v eckay iol`hoh hc oxcki`ùk p ycvzìà, p loy ~cvyakoyqsc xc ox`ckhok xckhvïk eckay iae~vae`ya iak yox`y oicv xsyyalì`xshcy p kcicy`hohcy+

Lo olxo hc sko z`y`ùk eïy oe~lò hcl iakic~xa hc il`ckxccr~lìo ~av qsà ck esiboy ce~vcyoy a `kyx`xsiàkcy ~ýflìoy

3



69


lay ce~lcohay ox`ckhck iaea y` cyxsz`cvokboi`àkhalc skozav o lay il`ckxcy p ka iaea ys vcy~akyof`l`hoh ~va cyàkoleïy è~avxokxc+

Cl hcyiakaiè`ckxa hc ys y`gk` ioha eïy oe~là bo gckcvoha~vcmsìày yaiòlcy yafvc lo ~olofvo il`ckxc, cy~ciòleckxc ck loy`kyx`xsiàkcy ~ýflìoy+

^cveåxcec vciavhovxc qsc lay ycvzìày ~ýflìay cr`yxck gvoiòyo qsc lay i`shohokay ~ogok è~scyxay ol Cyxoha, o xvozày hc

h` cvckxcy zåoy+ Oyå qsc xaha i`shohoka cy, ~av hc kì`ùk, skil`ckxc hcl Cyxoha ck cl qsc z`zc p hcl isol aveo ~ovxc+

Ck cyxc yckx`ha, yc hcfc xckcv ~vcyckxc qscsk ycvzìà ~ýflìa ka cy sk ozav , sko vcgolåo, sko iov`hoh, sko hakoi`ùka sko lèayko qsc ho cl Cyxoha+ Lay ycvzìày ~ýflìay yak

~ovxc hc loy vcy~akyof`l`hohcy p iae~vae`yay aveolcy qsccl Cyxoha x`ckc iak ysy i`shohokay, ck xahay ysy k`zclcy hcavgok`}oi`ùk "oliolhåoy, gafcvkoiàkcy, e`k`yxcvày, cxi+)

Bop qsc ogvcgov qsc lay i`shohokay hc sk Cyxoha ka yùla~ogok ~av lay ycvzìày ~ýflìay echòkxc è~scyxay, y`ka qscyafvc lay e`yeay xoef`àk a~`kok iak ysy zaxay o lo bavo hcclcg`v o ysy gafcvkokxcy+



68

Obavo f`ck, hcyhc sk ~skxa hc z`yxo fïyìa, cl il`ckxc ~schc ycvsko ~cvyako, sko ce~vcyo, sko `kyx`xsi`ùk hcl Cyxoha a sko av%gok`}oi`ùk yaiòl+ Isolqs`cvo hc cyxoy ckx`hohcy qsc ~ogsc ~avsk ~vahsixa a ycvzìà, la syc h`vcixoeckxc a ka, cy sk il`ckxc+

^cva,hcyhc cl ~skxa hc z`yxo hcl kcgaià hc lo oxcki`ùk ovxåyx`%io, lo hc kì`ùk hc il`ckxc hcfc `kilsya xckcv eïy oe~l`xsh+

Y`ce~vc yc hcfc vciavhov qsc xaha la qsc yc boic ckisolqs`cv avgok`}oi`ùk, ~v`zoho a ~ýflìo, cyxï av`ckxoha o

yox`y oicv kcicy`hohcy hc ~cvyakoy+ Cy hci`v,xaha la qsc boicy ck xs ~scyxa hc xvofoma, hc eokcvo h`vcixo a `kh`vcixo, o cixolo z`ho hc lay il`ckxcy+ Y`k cric~i`ùk+

Isolqs`cvo qsc yco xs vcy~akyof`l`hoh lofavol cy~ciå io,locyckiò hc xs xvofoma yak lay il`ckxcy+ Loy xovcoy iakivcxoy

vcloiàkohoy iak xs iovga hcfcy oyse`vloy y`ce~vc iaea skechà ~ovo oxckhcv p yox`y oicv o il`ckxcy+

Oyå ~scy, hckxva hc cyxc iakxcrxa, lay il`ckxcy xoef`àk yak layqsc oýk ka bok iae~voha, ~cva cyxïk `kxcvcyohay ck boicvla, pkcicy`xok `k aveoi`ùk yafvc lo avgok`}oi`ùk ck lo qsc xvofomoy,a yafvc ysy ~vahsixay p ycvzìày+

Y` o cyxay fsyiohavcy hc `k aveoi`ùk ka lay zcy iaea il`ckxcy,la eïy ycgsva cy qsc ka lcy hcy fscko oxcki`ùk+ @kilsy`zc




63


~ahvåoy ~ckyov= “¯~cva y` k` y`qs`cvo bok iae~voha kohoxahozåo/―

Ol ka zcvlay iaea il`ckxcy, la eïy ~vafoflc cy qsc ka lcy ~va%~aviàkcy ~va cyàkoleckxc xaho lo `k aveoi`ùk qsc kcicy`xok,f`ck yco qsc hcy~sày yc iakz`cvxok ck iae~vohavcy a ka+

Iak lo e`yeo z`y`ùk hc fýyqscho hc sko oxcki`ùk iak k`zclovxåyxìa, lay il`ckxcyxoef`àk yak qs`ckcy bok hcmoha hciae~vov ~avqsc ck olgýk eaeckxa yc y`kx`cvak hc voshohay

~av cl ycvzìà, cl ~vahsixa a lo oxcki`ùk+

Lo cr~cv`ckiò `khìo ilovoeckxc qsc lay il`ckxcy qsc ycvcis~cvok, ~schck ycv oýk eïy fckc iàyay, po qsc kayvciae`ckhok iak eïy scv}o p iakzìi`ùk+ Cllay ~schck lloeoveïy lo oxcki`ùk hc axvay ~axckiòlcy iae~vohavcy ol vc cv`vyc

ol ~va cyàkol`yea , ivcox`z`hoh p zolav qsc ~voixìoeay ~ovovcis~cvovlay+

Iaea ~schcy zcv, cl iakic~xa hc il`ckxc qsc xc ~va~akgaiakx`ckc ck yå e`yea sk ilova yckx`ha hc vcy~akyof`l`hoh p skeopav iae~vae`ya iak loy ~cvyakoy qsc oxckhceay, ycok aka iae~vohavoy a sysovòy+

Cyxc iakic~xa hc il`ckxc xc opsho o oe~lòv xsy a~avxsk`hohcyhc ivciè`ckxa ~va cyàkol p ~cvyakol+Hcyhc cyxo ~cvy~cix`zo



6:

~schcy zcv esiba ecmav qsc xs xvofoma ka la hc kc cl iovgaqsc xckgoy a cl xåxsla oiohàeìa qsc bopoy oliok}oha+

Ol zcv o loy ~cvyakoy iak loy qsc xc vcloiàkoy iaea il`ckxcy, cyeïy ïi`l qsc iae~vckhoy qsc xs xvofoma cyxï iakyx`xs`ha ~avclloy e`yeoy, qs`ckcy yc fckc iòk a ka hc la qsc boicy, hcsko eokcvo s axvo+

Esibo hc lo eolo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc yc av`g`ko ~vci`yoeckxc olhcyiakaicv, afzòv s alz`hov cyxc iakic~xa hc il`ckxc, ~avqsc

lo gckxc xcve`ko ck aiïkhayc eïy ck lay oy~cixay a~cvox`zayhc ys ~scyxa hc xvofoma qsc ck loy ~cvyakoy o qs`ckcy `kjspckiak ys lofav+

Kcicy`xoeay h`gk`jiov cl y`gk` ioha `kxcgvol hc lo~olofvo il`ckxc, ~ovo iakzcvx`vlo ck sk iakic~xa qsc `ky~`vo

iae~vae`ya ~cvyakol p cyxèslo `kxckyoeckxc lo `kxcl`gckiò olo bavo hc fv`khov oxcki`ùk+

Lo iol`hoh hc lo oxcki`ùk cyxï hcxcve`koho ~av xshci`y`ùk~cvyakol yafvc iùea xvofomoy p hc~ckhc hc qsc zcoy iaeail`ckxcy o loy ~cvyakoy iak loy qsc `kxcvoixýoy "xokxa ck clïef`xa ~va cyàkol iaea ~cvyakol)+




67

Lo ecxï avo hcl bscza v`xa

ôvo ~vci`yov ecmav cl oliokic qsc x`ckc cl iakic~xa hcil`ckxcy, ec ~ovcic ýx`l lo èogck hc sk bscza v`xa+ Cysko fscko vc~vcyckxoi`ùk gvï io hc x` p hc lo ce~vcyo savgok`}oi`ùk ck lo qsc xvofomoy, a zoy o xvofomov+

Olvchchav cyxïk lay il`ckxcy crxcvkay , a “~ýflìa―, sko hc loyvo}akcy ~av lo isol lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc xoef`àk yco iakai`hoiaea “oxcki`ùk ol ~ýflìa―+

Y`k cefovga, cl ~ýflìa cy sk iakic~xa lè`xoha yafvc lay

h`yx`kxay gvs~ay hc ~cvyakoy qsc hcfceay iaky`hcvov iaeail`ckxcy+ Xs vcloi`ùk iak lay ~ýflìay `kxcvkay xoef`àk `kjspchc eokcvo hcxcve`kokxc ck lo vcloi`ùk qsc cyxoflcicy iaklay crxcvkay+

Ck cyxc yckx`ha, lo ~ovxc flokio hcl bscza vc~vcyckxo o lay

il`ckxcy `kxcvkay= ^cvyakoy p avgok`}oiàkcy iak loy qscxvofomoy p hc qs`ckcy hc~ckhcy ~ovo fv`khov ycvzìà o layil`ckxcy crxcvkay+

Hc oiscvha iak xs iovga a ~ayì`ùk ck cl xvofoma, layil`ckxcy `kxcvkay yak layiae~oÿcvay hc xvofoma , lay hc xshc~ovxoeckxa p lay hc axvoy ïvcoy, oyå iaea xoef`àk xsy ~vazcchavcy + Iak cllay boicy cqs`~a hc eokcvo ~cveokckxcp xs hcyce~cÿa ~va cyàkol ck gvok ech`ho hc~ckhc hc loiol`hoh hc lo vcloi`ùk qsc cyxoflcicy iak cllay, lo isol, o ys

:



62

zc}, xoef`àk cyxï hcxcve`koho ~av lo z`y`ùk qsc x`ckcy hccyxoy ~cvyakoy+

âv cmce~la, isokha zcy ilovoeckxc iaea il`ckxc o xs mc c a olo ~cvyako o lo qsc lc hcfcy vc~avxov xsy oiiàkcy, xc cyecvoyecmav ck iae~vckhcv p yox`y oicv ysy yalì`xshcy lofavolcy+ â%kcyla ecmav hc x` ck cya+ Xs iae~vae`ya p iae~avxoe`ckxa~va cyàkol boiò cyo ~cvyako yc zsclzc ys~cvàv o lo aveo ckqsc oixsovåoy y` ka la z`cvoy iaea il`ckxc+

Oyè`yea, lay mc cy qsc ga}ok hc eïy ohe`voi`ùk piae~vae`ya ~av ~ovxc hc ysy cqs`~ay hc xvofoma, yak lay qscxoef`àk iaky`hcvok o ysy ys~cvz`yohay iaea il`ckxcy `kxcvkay+Cyxo z`y`ùk lcy oi`l`xo iakaicv ecmav o ysy ys~cvz`yohay p ysvcy~cix`za ~axckiòl, la isol cy sko iakhì`ùk `kh`y~ckyoflc~ovo `kjs`v ck cllay ~ay`x`zoeckxc c `ky~`vovlay ~ovo iakyx`xs`v

sk cqs`~a hc olxa hcyce~cÿa +

Hc `gsol eokcvo, isokha xvoxoy o xsy iae~oÿcvay hc xvofomaiak sko z`y`ùk hc qsc xoef`àk yak xsy il`ckxcy `kxcvkay, xsiae~avxoe`ckxa boiò cllay yc zsclzc cy~ciòl= lay cyisiboyiak ecmav oxcki`ùk, cvcy eïy is`hohaya iak xs iaeskìoi`ùk,lcy x`ckcy eïy ~oi`ckiò p fsyioy iae~vckhcv ecmav cl xvoy%akha hc loy yalì`xshcy qsc xc boick+




60


Lo z`y`ùk iaea il`ckxcy `kxcvkay xoef`àk xc boic afxckcvecmavcy ~vahsixay p ycvzìày hc xsy ~vazcchavcy, ~avqschchìoy eïy is`hoha o lo vcloi`ùk qsc x`ckcy iak cllay+ Y`lay xvoxoy iaea y` koho eïy xsz`cvok hcfcvcy iakx`ga a xsce~vcyo,kskio zoy o afxckcv cl eïrèa hc bakcyx`hoh,iae~vae`ya p lcolxoh iaea ~vazcchavcy+

Is`hoha= Zcv o lay iae~oÿcvay hc xvofoma p o lay ~vazcchavcyiaea il`ckxcy `kxcvkay ka y`gk` io ycv xalcvokxcy aiae~loi`ckxcy isokha cllay x`ckck oixsoiàkcy `khcf`hoy+ âv

cl iakxvovà, yc xvoxo hc sko z`y`ùk qsc ys~akc qsclo vcloi`ùkvcqs`cvc sk eopav cyecva, ~avqsc iak cllay xckceay skzåkisla eopav, hc xahay lay håoy p hc lovga ~lo}a+

Iak cllay boicy cqs`~a+ Fscko ~ovxc hc xs hcyce~cÿahc~ckhc hcl hc cllay p zìczcvyo+ Hc eokcvo qscy`

xc hchìoy o islx`zov sko criclckxc vcloi`ùk iak cllay~vahsi`vïy lo iak ok}o qsc boic olxo ~ovo xvoxov lay cvvavcyiak eohsvc} p ~va cyàkol yea, ck ski`ùk hc iavvcg`vlay y`khcxcvàvov lo vcloi`ùk+

Isokha ka yc x`ckc lo z`y`ùk hc lay il`ckxcy `kxcvkay, loy~cvyakoy p loy ce~vcyoy xcve`kok ~ohci`ckha sko cy~ci`chc xvoyxavka hc ~cvyakol`hoh qsc, xovhc a xce~voka, o cixokcgox`zoeckxc yshcyce~cÿa `kh`z`hsol a ialcix`za+



9>

Y` llcgoy o sko ce~vcyo ck hakhc ckisckxvoy o lo gckxc hì`ck%ha “fsckay håoy― p “fsckoy xovhcy― iak iovoy hc cyxov oyx`hò%hay ~av cl xvofoma qsc boick "p y`k qsc y`gk` qsc fsckay håoyk` fsckoy xovhcy ~ovo cllay), la eïy ycgsva cy qsc xvoxck o ysyiae~oÿcvay hc xvofoma p o ysy ~vazcchavcy iak cl e`yea oyx`%hà+ ±_sà ~vahsix`z`hoh yc ~schc cy~cvov hc cllay1 ±O qsà k`zclhc ivciè`ckxa ~cvyakol p ~va cyàkol ~schck llcgov y` ka lcygsyxo la qsc boick p lcy ho oyx`hà oxckhcv o loy ~cvyakoy1

Cy h` åi`l qsc xvoxcy f`ck o lay il`ckxcy crxcvkay y` ~vècva ka

xvoxoy f`ck o lay `kxcvkay+

Y` ka ~schcy oxckhcv f`ck o loy ~cvyakoy iak loy qsciae~ovxcy lo eopav ~ovxc hcl x`ce~a hc z`ho lofavol "xsyiae~oÿcvay hc xvofoma), la qsc xcve`koy hokha o lay il`ckxcycrxcvkay cy sk iae~avxoe`ckxa foyoha ck lo `kyox`y oii`ùk

~va cyàkol p lo `ky`~`hc} hc lo vcloi`ùk iak xs cqs`~a hc xvofoma+

Iaea iakycisckiò, oxckhcv o lay il`ckxcy yc xc iakz`cvxcck sko lofav ioho håo eïy ~cyoho p iokyako+ Ka xc ~vahsick`kgsko yox`y oii`ùk ~cvyakol+ Xs hcyce~cÿa yc zsclzceakùxaka p, eïy xce~voka qsc xovhc, xc iokyoy hc oixsov pkg`v lay “fsckay håoy―+

Hc cyxo eokcvo cy iaea yc eovib`xo lo z`y`ùk hc xs~va cyàkol`yea p iae`ck}oy o hcyovvallov sko cy~ci`c hc




9?


oeovgsvo ~cveokckxc iak xs xvofoma+ Olga qsc ka ~schcyaislxov ol oxckhcv o lay il`ckxcy, crxcvkay a `kxcvkay+

^cva isokha x`ckcy sko z`y`ùk iakyi`ckxc hc qs`àkcy yak xsyil`ckxcy `kxcvkay, yofcy qsc cllay cyxïk `kzalsivohay ck xs f`ck%cyxov ~cvyakol p ck lo gckcvoi`ùk hc xsy `kgvcyay ceaiàkolcy +Àyxay cyxïk iakyx`xs`hay ~av cl ~loicv p cl olxa k`zcl hc yox`y oi%i`ùk qsc y`ckxcy isokha vco veoy xsy io~oi`hohcy p ~axckiòl`%hohcy iaea ycv bseoka, o xvozày hcl oixa hcopshov p ycv ýx`l ~ovo loy ~cvyakoy iak loy qsc xc vcloiàkoy+

Zalzoeay ol cmce~la hcl bscza v`xa+

Obavo llcgoeay o lo ~ovxc oeov`llo, lo pceo, hakhc cyxïklayil`ckxcy kxcvkay ~cvyakolcy+ Yak loy ~cvyakoy eïyè~avxokxcy hc xs z`ho ~cvyakol, oe`lòvcy p oe`gay+ âv la

xokxa, lo iol`hoh hc vcloi`ùk qsc x`ckcy iak cllay xoef`àk`kjspc hc sko s axvo eokcvo ck xs iae~avxoe`ckxa boiò layaxvay il`ckxcy `kxcvkay p lay crxcvkay+

Lo z`y`ùk hc il`ckxc `kxcvka ~cvyakol x`ckc eïy zolav qsc lo iak%kaxoi`ùk iaecviòl xvohìàkol qsc yc lc ho o lo ~olofvo il`ckxc,~avqsc lc axavgo sk yckx`ha eïy y`gk` iox`za c `ky~`vohav+ Ckaxvoy ~olofvoy,cl ~ovckxcyia iaecviòl hc lo ~olofvo il`ckxcvchsic loy vcloiàkcy ol eovia hc xvokyoiiàkcy ciakùeìoy olvc%hchav hc ~vahsixay p ycvzìày+



96

^cva lo z`y`ùk hc il`ckxc qsc xc ~va~akga, cy oicvio hc olgs`ckck qs`ck xý qs`cvcy `kjs`v ~ay`x`zoeckxc, ~avqsc xc è~avxop ~avqsc cy sko oii`ùk qsc cyxèsloxs ~axckiòl ivcox`za +Cya cy la qsc cr~lìo xaha la qsc cvcy io~o} hc boicv isokhaqs`cvcy iakqs`yxov, vciakqs`yxov a islx`zov cl oeav hc olgs`ckè~avxokxc ck xs z`ho, f`ck yco xs ~ovcmo, xsy b`may, xsy ~ohvcyxsy bcveokay a xsy oe`gay+

Y`ce~vc vcyslxo yav~vckhckxc la qsc cyxïy h`y~scyxa o boicv~av iae~vckhcv p opshov o sko ~cvyako qsc cy vcoleckxc

è~avxokxc p zolàyo ~ovo x`+ âv cyc “il`ckxc― cvcy io~o} hceazcv i`cla p x`cvvo + Xý la yofcy p àl xoef`àk+ Xc è~avxoesiba cyo vcloi`ùk p ~av cya xc cy scv}oy hc eokcvoiakyi`ckxc ck is`hovlo+

Cl zolav hc cyo ~cvyako ~ovo xs z`ho cy la qsc okèo xs

h`y~ayì`ùk ~ovo ckxvcgovlc la ecmav hc x` p ecmavov la qsc ycokcicyovà ck ski`ùk hc opshovlo isokha la vcqs`cvo+

Y` cyo h`y~ayì`ùk cy, msyxoeckxc, lo qsc eïy kay gsyxo vci`f`visokha yaeay oxckh`hay iaea il`ckxcy, crxcvkay a `kxcvkay,±ka x`ckc yckx`ha oy~`vovlo xoef`àk iaea il`ckxc `kxcvka~cvyakol1




99


Y` xc `kxcvcyo`k s`v ~ay`x`zoeckxc ck axvoy ~cvyakoyiak xsy `hcoy, iak xs èogck ~cvyakol, iak xsy ~vapcixay,xsy `kìòx`zoy, xsy ~va~ùy`xay a iak xsy eckyomcy, xc~va~akga qsc loy zcoy iaea il`ckxcy+ Cyo z`y`ùk xc opshovïo iae~vckhcv ecmav ysy kcicy`hohcy p eax`zoiàkcy ckski`ùk hc qsc ~schoy oxckhcvloy ecmav+ Cyo z`y`ùk xc ~vazcchc eopav ogshc}o p ivcox`z`hoh + Xc ho eïy `kxcl`gcki o p xcoi`l`xo czolsov y` cyxïy “llcgïkhalc― ohcisohoeckxc o qs`ckqs`cvcy `kjs`v+

Cy zcvhoh qsc esp ~aioy ~cvyakoy x`ckck lo avxsko hccyiagcv cl xvofoma qsc boick+ Y`k cefovga, xahay iakxoeayiak cl ~ahcv hc hci`h`v iùea boicv cl xvofoma qsc xckceay+Cy la e`yea iak lo z`y`ùk hc qs`ckcy yak xsy il`ckxcy+ ^schcyhci`h`v zcvlay hc lo eokcvo eïy lè`xoho a iak sk bav`}akxceïy crxckya+ Xý hci`hcy, p lo h` cvckiò lo boicy xý+



98

X`~ay hc il`ckxcy y` iae~ovoy o sko avgok`}oi`ùkiak sk bscza v`xa




93

Fsck kcgaià ~ovo lo yolsh

Lay fckc iày qsc ~schcy afxckcv ol fv`khov oxcki`ùkovxåyxìo ~ovo xsy il`ckxcy yak ksecvayay p hc h`zcvyo åkhalc+âv ys~scyxa, ~ovo clla cy `kh`y~ckyoflc qsc cyxc xvofomaxc ~ovc}io h`gka p okxïyxìa+ Obå vcy`hck loy eopavcyyox`y oiiàkcy+

“Oxckhcv f`ck cy fckc iàya ~ovo xs yolsh―, cy lo iakilsy`ùkhc ofskhokxcy cyxshày i`ckxå iay yafvc lay c cixay qsc~vahsick xsy ~ckyoe`ckxay p cyxohay hc ïkèa ck xsiscv~a+

Lay ycvcy bseokay yaeay io~oicy hc xvoky aveov kscyxvofàlagåo echòkxc la qsc ~ckyoeay p yckxèay+

Sk oxoqsc hc hc~vcy`ùk ~schc ovvoyov iak xs y`yxceo`keskalùgìa+ ^cva ycvckovxc, ~av cl iakxvovà, ~schc

avx` iovla+ Oyåe`yea, isokha vciscvhoy y`xsoiàkcy kcgox`zoy,qsc xc ckxv`yxcick, xs iscv~a l`fcvo loy e`yeoy baveakoy pysyxoki oy fàlùgìoy hcyxvsix`zoy qsc ~vahsicy isokha xcy`ckxcy cyxvcyoha+

Y` y`ckxcy qsc xs xvofoma cysk oyx`hà p xc y`ckxcyhcic~iàkoha ol vcy~cixa, isokha lo gckxc xc zc “ck oii`ùk―~cvi`fc ilovoeckxc qsc cyxïy hc~vè`ha+ Lo xv`yxc}o qsc xciakxvalo ck cyc eaeckxa yc ~vapcixo ~av xahoy ~ovxcy hc xsiscv~a p eah` io xs ~cv l fàqsåeìa+

7



9:

I`cvxoy ysyxokiòy ilozcy ~ovo cl skiàkoe`ckxa hc xs icvcfva"lay kcsva~à~x`hay), yc olxcvok+ Xs k`zcl hc baveakoy zovåo pxoef`àk cl xvofoma hc xsy iàlsloy+ Loy ~loqscxoy hc xs yokgvcyc xavkok eïy z`yiayoy p yc zsclzc eïy ~va~ckyo o aveovgvseay p o qsc ~ohc}ioy ck cvechohcy iovhàzoyislovcy+

Iae~vckha qsc cy esp h` åi`l qsc ~schoy cyiagcv cl xvofomaqsc eïy xc gsyxo, ~cva y`ce~vc ~schcyhci`h`v p clcg`v iùea boicvla+

Y` hci`hcy xvofomov iak oeovgsvo c `kh` cvckiò boiò loy~cvyakoy qsc ox`ckhcy, xs yolsh yc vcyckx`vï+ _s`}ïy ka cyxïyiakyi`ckxc hc cya ~avqsc ka cy cz`hckxc lo iavvcloi`ùk qsccr`yxc ckxvc la qsc ~`ckyoy hc xsy skiàkcy lofavolcy p loyolsh hc xs iscv~a+ ^cva lo i`ckiò eàhìo isckxo iak esiboycz`hckiòy hc qsc cya xc cyxï o cixokha+

âv cl iakxvovà, y` hci`hcy hc eokcvo iakyi`ckxc ~ckyovyafvc cl y`gk` ioha ~ay`x`za hc xs xvofoma, lay vcyslxohay yakesp h`yx`kxay+Y` y`ckxcy h`gk`hoh ol oxckhcv o ioho il`ckxc xcyckx`vïy ecmav iakx`ga e`yea+ Cyxo iakcr`ùk gckcvo sk iåvislaz`vxsaya hc f`ckcyxov ceaiàkol qsc yc vcjcmo ck xs yolsh p ckxs ~vahsix`z`hoh+

Isokha y`ckxcyh`gk`hoh ck cl oixa hc opshov o axvo ~cvyakovco veoy xsy io~oi`hohcy iaea ycv bseoka+ Yckx`vxc ýx`l p




97


io~o} yak yox`y oiiàkcy qsc yc hcv`zok h`vcixoeckxc hcl xvofo% ma hc fv`khov oxcki`ùk p opsho+ Yak xoef àk ceai akcy qsc xc~va~aviàkok f`ckcyxov, åyìa p ceaiàkol+

H`gk`hoh cy y`kùkèa hc criclckiò, `kxcgv`hoh, kaflc}o,bakav+ Cy oicvio hc ycv ~cvyako, ycv gckxc ck lo eokcvo hciae~avxovyc+ Xvofomov iak h`gk`hoh cy lo ~v`ki`~ol sckxc hc ~lck`xsh ~va cyàkol p f`ckcyxov ~cvyakol "iol`hoh hc z`ho)+

Oxckhcv f`ck o lo gckxc cy cl xvofoma eïy h`gka ~avqsc cy cl

qsc vcqs`cvc eïy zolav ~cvyakol= boiò x` e`yea, boiò la qscboicy p boiò lay hceïy+

âv axva loha, cy sk bciba ~yìalùgìa qsc xsy yckxè`ckxayyafvc x` p xs xvofoma, x`ckhck o iavvcy~akhcv iak layyckxè`ckxay qsc lc fv`khoy o lay il`ckxcy+ Isokha xc

iae~avxoy iak eïy gckcvay`hoh boiò loy ~cvyakoy ckxakicycy isokha eïy iaky`hcvoi`ùk cy~ciòl x`ckcy boiò x`+

Hìba hc axvo eokcvo, isokha iaky`hcvoy qsc “lo gckxc cyè~avxokxc―, lagvoy iakicf`v sk ~va skha vcy~cxa ~av xè`yea+

Lay cyxshày ~yìalùgìay hcescyxvok qsc cl e`yea msì a qsc boicy boiò lay hceïy la xcve`koy syokha iakx`ga+ Oyå qsc yùla ox`ckhcy f`ck o xahay xsy il`ckxcy isokha hci`hcy



92

ivccv qsc cya cy è~avxokxc ~ovo x` p cy h`gka+ Cr~cvèckxovïyh`y vsxc ol boicvla y` y`ckxcy qsc oxckhcv f`ck xc h`gk` io iaeaycv bseoka p xc boic ýx`l+

Zolc lo ~cko ogvcgov qsc ol hci`h`v yckx`vxc ecmav iak xsxvofoma, xoef`àk ecmavoy loiol`hoh hc z`ho iak xs ~ovcmo, iakxs oe`lò, iak xsy b`may p iak loy hceïy ~cvyakoy è~avxokxcyck xs z`ho ~cvyakol+

Xck lo ycgsv`hoh hc qsc esiboy hc loy moqscioy p cl hcyïkèa

iak cl qsc llcgoy o xs ioyo hcy~sày hc xvofomov, yc av`g`kok ckcl h`ygsyxa, cl hcygoka, cl hcy`kxcvày a lo vsyxvoi`ùk ~av la qscboicy+ ±P qs`àk ~ogo ~av cya1 Olgskay hc xsy il`ckxcy `kxcvkay~cvyakolcy eïy è~avxokxcy= Loy ~cvyakoy qsc z`zck iakx`ga+

Oyå ~scy, skoz`y`ùk hc lo oxcki`ùk iak k`zcl ovxåyxìa xcve`ko

xoef`àk vcjcmïkhayc ck lo iol`hoh hc z`ho iak xsy il`ckxcy`kxcvkay ~cvyakolcy= oe`lò p ycvcy qscv`hay+ Cy zcvhoh, ka y`ce~vc ~schcy cyiagcv cl xvofoma qsc eïy xcgsyxovåo vcol`}ov+ ^cva y`ce~vc ~schcy hci`h`v p cyiagcv xvofomoiak gsyxa p h`gk`hoh+ Cyo hci`y`ùk cy lo sckxc ~vèovò hcyolsh p f`ckcyxov+




90


Y` hcycoy oe~lòv xsy iakaiè`ckxay yafvc lay c cixay hcl~ckyoe`ckxa ck lo yolsh, xc vciae`ckha lccv cyxay l`fvay=

… “Lo jscv}o hcl a~xè`yea―, hcl Hv+ Ls`y Vamoy Eoviay+

… “Fvo`k Vslcy―, hcl Hv+ Mabk Ech`ko+

… “Iaeeak Yckyc Bcolxb okh Bcol`kg―, hcl Hv+ Vìbovh Yibsl}c+



8>

@k scki`o ck lo yolsh p lo iol`hoh hc z`ho




8?

Foyc hcl ivciè`ckxa ~va cyàkol

Oxckhcv il`ckxcy ovxåyxìoeckxc cy sk kcgaià y`k hcy~cvhìà~avqsc cy olga qsc xc hcyxoio iaea ~cvyako p xc h` cvckiòvohìoleckxc hc lo gckxc o qs`ck “lc ho `gsol― la qsc boic+ Ckcyo h` cvckiòi ùk cyxï lo eopav sckxc hc xsy a~avxsk`hohcyhc ivciè`ckxa ~va cyàkol+

âv cmce~la, y` cyxïy fsyiokha ce~lca, xs osxàkxìo h`y~ayì`ùk~ovo oxckhcv f`ck o loy ~cvyakoy cy sk oy~cixa hci`y`za o ycvczolsoha ck xs ~cvyakol`hoh ~ovo qsc xc hck cl ~scyxa+

Isokha cyxïy xvofomokha p xc hcyxoioy ~av lo fscko oxcki`ùkqsc hoy, x`ckcy eïy ~ay`f`l`hohcy hc oyickya p ~vaeai`ùkhckxva hc lo ce~vcyo "la qsc o ys zc} è~lìo sko ecmaviae~ckyoi`ùk ciakùeìo)+ Eïy xce~voka qsc xovhc xsyil`ckxcy `kxcvkay ilozcy zok o kaxovxs fv`lla ~cvyakol ~avqscloy ~cvyakoy yak è~avxokxcy ~ovo x`+

Y` oioya ka xc ~vaeaiàkok hckxva hc lo ce~vcyo ck lo qsccyxïy, p vcoleckxc cvcy yafvcyol`ckxc ck oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc, cyesp ~vafoflc qsc sk “io}ohav hc xolckxa― a sk cmcisx`za hcaxvo ce~vcyo xc ~va~akgo ~ogovxc eïy p fv`khovxc ecmavcyiakhì akcy lofavolcy ~ovo qsc xc zopoy o xvofomov iak cllay+Cyxa cy ioy` sko vcglo+

Gvoiòy o loy oycyavåoy p ~vagvoeoy hc aveoi`ùk qsc vcol }ayafvc oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc, bc ~ah`ha iakaicv p iakzcvyov

2



86

iak ickxckovcy hc gcvckxcy hcl ïvco hc vcisvyay bseokay pvcilsxoe`ckxa hc ~cvyakol+ Lo eopavåo ec bo iak cyoha qsccy yseoeckxc h` åi`l iakycgs`v ce~lcohayy`k iae~lcmay ~avoxckhcv f`ck o lay il`ckxcy+ Yak cyioyay+ Ck iakycisckiò, skoxïixìo iaeýk qsc o~lìok cy “vafïvyclay― hc axvoy ce~vcyoyck hakhc lay iaky`gsck+

Ck cyxc yckx`ha, ioho zc} qsc xckga lo a~avxsk`hoh, lcy h`gao lay ~ovxì`~okxcy hc e`y ckxvckoe`ckxay qsc oyseok clecmavoe`ckxa hc ysy bof`l`hohcy ~va cyàkolcy hc oxcki`ùk

iak cl afmcx`za hc ycv “vafohay― ~av axvo ce~vcyo, qsc lcya vc}io ecmavcy iakhìàkcy p vceskcvoi`ùk+Cyc cy xskcgaià ~cvyakol + Lagvov qsc xs hcyce~cÿa xckgo eïy zolav+

Y` cvcy zcvhohcvoeckxc cric~iàkol ck oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc,lo ce~vcyo ck lo qsc obavo xvofomoy hcfc cyecvovyc ~av

“iakyckx`vxc― p iakycvzovxc+ ^cva cya cy oyskxa hc cllay+ Cl xspcy hcyxoiovxc p h` cvckiòvxc ~va cyàkoleckxc+

Obavo f`ck, y` iaky`hcvoy qsc cvcy criclckxc fv`khokha fsckooxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc, ~cva xsy mc cy ka la kaxok a ka boy vci`f`haoxvoix`zoy a cvxoy hc xvofoma hc axvoy ce~vcyoy, hcfcy vcz`yovxsy ~ovïecxvay hc la qsc ~ovo x` cy criclckiò p ovxc ck looxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc+

Sk xvofoma cric~iàkol ck oxcki`ùk ka y`gk` io boicvla f`ck,




89


y`ka boicvla esiba eïy qsc f`ck+ Cy boicvla oyi`kokxc piakeazchav+ ^cva cyxa yùla cy ~ay`flc isokha hoy la ecmavhc x` iaea ~cvyako, eïy ollï hc la qsc xc “iavvcy~akhc― hov+Yùla oyå xc ~schcy hcyxoiov p xs hcyce~cÿa hcmo hc ~oyovhcyo~cvi`f`ha+

Y` boy lcåha e` l`fva Ovxc Ys~vceackxakicy yofcy qsc àyxo cy locr~vcy`ùk qsc eïy ec gsyxo ~ovo hcyiv`f`v lo fscko oxcki`ùkol il`ckxc p lo vo}ùk ~av lo isol `ky`yxa xokxa ck hci`v qscoxckhcv ka cy la e`yea qsc “oxckhcv f`ck―+

Isokha yc fv`kho oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc iakyckx`ha hc ovxcys~vcea , cl hcyce~cÿa ~va cyàkol ka ~oyo hcyo~cvi`f`ha+Lo vo}ùk ~v`ki`~ol cy qsc cl ovx`yxo `kjspc ck cl cyxoha hcïkèa, zckic lo `kh` cvckiò, lo eakaxakåo, cl hcyis`ha,lo vsx`ko+ Cl xvofoma yc hcyxoio eïy ~avqsc cy ys~cvàv ol

xvofoma iaeýk p iavv`ckxc p ol xvofoma ~vaechà qsc boickloy ~cvyakoy qsc “lcy ho `gsol―, y`k `kxcvày, a qsc xvofomokoeovgohoy iak la qsc boick+

Y` ol oxckhcv o lay il`ckxcy ka cvcy ska eïy hcl eakxùk, y`kaqsc fv`lloy ~avxs cy~åv`xshc opsho p ialofavoi`ùk, ckxakicyxsy ys~cvz`yavcy p ialcgoy xc kaxovïk p qscvvïk xckcvxcicvio hc lay xvofomay p ~vapcixay è~avxokxcy+ Hcf`ha o xskaxoflc h`y~ayì`ùk, ycgsvoeckxc fsyiovïk a vcicvxc eïyvcy~akyof l`hohcy lofavolcy+++ Oyå ysvgck loy a~avxsk`hohcy



88

hc ivciè`ckxa ~va cyàkol, loy isolcy, ~av i`cvxa, kskio~ovcick a~avxsk`hohcy+ Ka yak cz`hckxcy+ Cy eïy ïi`l~cvi`f`vloy isokha x`ckcy ilov`hoh qsc xs ~v`ki`~ol iae~vae`ya~va cyàkol cy iakx`ga p xs xvofoma+

Cyxa hcl iae~vae`ya qs`}ïy la zcoy ecmav o xvozày hc lo b`yxavòhc Eokscl, sk mazck ckxsyòyxo p ckoeavoha hc lo iovvcvo qscbofåo cyxshòha+ Sko zc} gvohsoha ckiakxvù sko a~avxsk`hohhc xvofomov ck sko ce~vcyo cyxoflc+

“Cl yolovà cvo foma, ~cva cyxofo o~vckh`ckha esiba ph`y vsxofo la qsc boiåo+ Ec yckxåo eax`zoha ~av cya+ Ckcyay håoy ~akåo esiba ce~cÿa ck cl xvofoma+ Yofåo qsc e`ybof`l`hohcy ivciåok p e`y avxolc}oy ~va cyàkolcy xoef`àk―,vciscvho Eokscl+

“Isokha iaeckià o xvofomov, ka xckåo esiba x`ce~a ~ovo ya%iòl`}ov+ ^cva hcy~sày hc sk x`ce~a, lo gckxc o e` olvchchav eca vci`ù ys oe`yxoh+ Y`k cefovga, ~ovo cllay pa xvofomofo ‒esphsva‐ ck iae~ovoi`ùk iak la qsc gokofo―+

“Lay iae~oÿcvay y`ce~vc ec hciåok= ‒La qsc gokoy ka cy msyxa~av xaha la qsc boicy‐+ ^cva pa ec yckxåo f`ck+ âhåo isfv`v e`ykcicy`hohcy fïyìoy p cyxofo o~vazcibokha lo a~avxsk`hohqsc ec bofåok hoha+ Gokofo esiba eïy ck cr~cv`ckiò p~vc~ovoi`ùk+ Cya cvo ilozc ~ovo e` sxsva p ec eax`zofo―+




83


“Ka afyxokxc, ka vciscvha f`ck isïkha iaeckià o yckx`v qsccl iae~vae`ya iak e` xvofoma cvo `kyckyoxa+ Ckxakicy, ckolgýk eaeckxa ce~cià o ck aiovec eïy ck la qsc cyxofoeol hc loy iakhìàkcy lofavolcy qsc ck la qsc cyxofo f`ck―+

“Mskxa iak e` eax`zoi`ùk, lo iol`hoh hc e` xvofoma h`ye`kspù+âia o ~aia, lo hchìoi`ùk p lo ckcvgåo hc e` hcyce~cÿaxoef`àk yc b`}a eckav+ Ioho zc} ec ~vcgskxofo iak eïy vc%isckiò= ±âv qsà hovlc xokxa o cyxo ce~vcyo qsc ec ~ogofoxok ~aia1―+

“Sk håo llcgovak hay ksczay ce~lcohay ~ovo sk ~vapcixack cl qsc pa qscvåo cyxov ‘iakx`ksù Eokscl, vciavhokhaiak kayxolgò‘ p cya ec b`}a yckx`v esp eol+ E` ys~cvz`yavec h`ma qsc ec bofvåo `kils`ha ck cl ~vapcixa hc ka bofcv~cvh`ha lo eax`zoi`ùk qsc sko zc} xszc ck cl xvofoma―+

“Y`k hovec isckxo, bofåo ofokhakoha xaho lo eax`zoi`ùk p eòix`xsh bofåo hcmoha hc ycv h`zcvx`ho―+

“Cya sc boic 6 oÿay+ Ka boic esiba ec h` isckxoqsc bofåo ~cvh`ha cl xvofoma qsc ec hofo sko ckxvohociakùeìo p sk ioe`ka ~ovo e` iovvcvo ~va cyàkol+ Obavo yàqsc ec hcy~chå pa e`yea cl håo qsc hcxszc lo eax`zoi`ùk pcl iae~vae`ya iake`ga―+



8:

“Xckåo olga fscka p la ~cvhå isokha iaeckià o ck aiov e`ckcvgåo p ivcox`z`hoh ck lo ~ovxc echà zoiåo hcl zoya ck zc}hc lo ~ovxc echà llcko+―

Hcy~sày hc lccv cyxo b`yxavò, ±qsà lc h`våoy o olgs`ck iaeaEokscl y` la iakaicy ck lo oyc hc ysy ~vècvay håoy hc xvofoma1

Y` xaeoy cl ioya hc Eokscl iaea cmce~la, p y`ckxcy qscka vci`fcy sk ~oga msyxa ~av la qsc boicy, hcfcy fsyiovolga ecmav vï~`hoeckxc+ ^cva e`ckxvoy xokxa, eokxàk cl

iae~vae`ya iak xs xvofoma p xsy il`ckxcy+ Cyc cy xs kcgaiàiaea ~va cyàkol, p xs sckxc hc a~avxsk`hohcy+



87

Zckxomoy ciakùeìoy

_s`}ïy cyxa xc ~ovc}io afzà, ~cva msyxoeckxc ~av cya zolc lo~cko vciavhovla+ La afzà la yalceay hov ~av yafvckxckh`ha pka yak ~aioy loy zcicy qsc xcve`koeay `gkavïkhala+

Hcyhc cl ~skxa hc z`yxo koki`cva, oxckhcv iavvcixoeckxchcyhc sk ~v`ki`~à gckcvoeckay iayxay + Hc cyxo eokcvoyc cz`xo `kzcvx`v vcisvyay ck yalsiàkov qscmoy p vciloeay qscysvgck ~avqsc ck cl `kìà hc lo vcloi`ùk=

… Ka yc ~va~aviàkùxaho lo `k aveoi`ùk qsc cl il`ckxc

kcicy`xofo ~ovo h`y vsxov o~va~òhoeckxc hcl ~vahsixa aycvzìà qsc ohqs`v`ù a,

… Kayc zol`hù cjio}eckxc qsc cl il`ckxc vcoleckxc iae~vck%h`cvo loy iakhìàkcy skhoeckxolcy hc ys iae~vo+

Ohìàkoleckxc ivca qsc cyxc ~cioha av`g`kol xå~ìa ckoxcki`ùk p ycvzìà, ck i`cvxo ech`ho x`ckc qsc zcv iak clck aqsc `kxvåkycia hc lo cr~vcy`ùk “icvvov lo zckxo―+

Iae~ovxa xaxoleckxc lo `kqs`cxsh p svgckiò ~av “iakivcxov―loy zckxoy, ~cva xckga lo icvxc}o hc qsc lo ~olofvo “i`cvvc―ka opsho o xckcv sko z`y`ùk eïy o~va~òho hcl ycvzìà plo oxcki`ùk+ Ck oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc p zckxoy, cl xvofoma eïycr`gckxc, iak k`zcl hc Gvokhcy L`goy, ysclc ycv cl qsc z`ckc

0



82

hcy~sày hc qsc lo gckxc ~ogo+ Cy la qsc xoef`àk yc iakaiciaea lo ~ayzckxo a cl ycgsè`ckxa+

Sko qscmo vcisckxc hc loy ~cvyakoy qsc xvofomok ck layhc~ovxoeckxay hc ya~avxc xàikìa a hc vciloeay, cy qsc loeopavåo hc loy y`xsoiàkcy qsc ox`ckhck yak iakycisckiòh`vcixo hc lo“hcy`k aveoi`ùk― hc lay il`ckxcy isokhaohqs`v`cvak cl ~vahsixa a ycvzìà+

Ka yak ~aiay lay ioyay hc zckhchavcy qsc, hcycy~cvohay ~av

“icvvov― sk kcgaià, ka yak is`hohayay iak xaho lo `k aveoi`ùkqsc hcfck ~va~aviàkov+ K` yak ~aioy loy zcicy ck loy qsclo gckxc hc loy ïvcoy hc oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc ho `k aveoi`ùk`kiae~lcxo ~ovo fsyiov “yol`v vï~`ha― hc loy ~cvyakoy qscox`ckhck, cy~ciòleckxc y` ka lcy iock f`ck a yak espqs`yqs`llayoy+

Oycgývoxc hc qsc lo ~ovxc `kìòl hcl ~vaicya hc oxcki`ùk olil`ckxc ck xs ce~vcyo skiàkc esp f`ck, c `kechòxoeckxcafxckhvïy sk ~avickxomc hcvckxof`l`hoh ohìàkol esp`kxcvcyokxc ~ovo xs kcgaià+

Y`goeay iak lay kýecvay+++

±Isïkxa iscyxo qsc sk il`ckxc vciae~vc xsy ~vahsixay pycvzìày1




80


Xck ck iaky`hcvoi`ùk qsc isokha o lay il`ckxcy yc lcy ~vcgskxo~av qsà yc eokx`ckcklcolcy o sko ce~vcyo a sko eovio, loiol`hoh hc oxcki`ùk y`ce~vc cyxï ckxvc loy 9 ~vècvoy vo}akcy+

Ys~akgoeay qsc cl iayxa hc afxckcv sk kscza il`ckxc cy ?>>+Ckxakicy, cl iayxa hc qsc sk il`ckxc vciae~vc cy yùla skovoii`ùk hc cyay ?>>+ Cyo voii`ùk cyxï aveoho ~av cl iayxahc ~vahsi`v cl ~vahsixa a cl ycvzìà4 cl iayxa hc lo ~sflì`hohhc eokxckè`ckxa4 lay iayxay hc lo ~loxojaveo hc ycvzìà olil`ckxc "`k vocyxvsixsvo, xcikalagåo, cxi+) p cl iayxa lofavol hc

qs`ckcy ox`ckhck ol il`ckxc+

Iaea ~schcy zcv, boflokha ck xàve`kay ciakùeìay,iakycvzov lay il`ckxcy cr`yxckxcy p boicv qsc vciae~vck ysclcycv lo cyxvoxcgò hc eopav vckxof`l`hoh ~ovo isolqs`cv kcgaià+

Ck axvoy ~olofvoy=Lay il`ckxcy eïy vckxoflcy yak lay qsc bokvci`f`ha ecmav oxcki`ùk+

Ohìàkoleckxc, loy ce~vcyoy qsc ~va~aviàkok oxcki`ùk pycvzìà iak sk k`zcl ovxåyxìa, gckcvokil`ckxcy okïxìay , qscyak oýk eïy vckxoflcy qsc lay il`ckxcy yox`y cibay=

…Vciae`ckhok lo ce~vcyo o oe`lòvcy p oe`gay, a lohc ckhck hc ivåxìoy iak eïy ~oy`ùk qsc lay ~va~àyce~lcohay, p iak eïy ivch`f`l`hoh qsc lo ~va~ò ce~vcyo+



3>

…Iae~vok sko vokclo, sko gavvo, s axvoy ~vckhoy iak cllagax`~a hc lo eovio, ~ovo lsi`vloy iak avgslla ~avqsc yakska hc ysy il`ckxcy, iak la isol xoef`àk lc boick ~sflì`hohgvoxs`xo ol kcgaià+

…Iae~ovxck ysy cr~cv`ckiòy iak lo eovio ck lay y`xày wcfhc vchcy yaiòlcy+ Yak io~oicy hc boicv gvs~ay hc okïxìay ckJoicfaad, yc zsclzck ycgs`havcy hc fscko `kjsckiò ck Xw`xxcvp ~sflìok z`hcay ck PasXsfc sx`l`}okha p h`y vsxokha lo eovio+

Y` ck loy ce~vcyoy bsf`cvo eïy ilov`hoh koki cvo yafvc clfsck kcgaià qsc y`gk` io oxckhcv il`ckxcy ovxåyxìoeckxc,xckhvåok sko z`y`ùk hcl x`~a“ka fsyioeay il`ckxcyyox`y cibay y`ka okïxìay― +

^cva lo eopavåo hc loy ce~vcyoy ioy` y`ce~vc hìck ck ys

ckskiòha hc z`y`ùk qsc qs`cvck ycv “låhcvcy―+ @eog`ka qscck esibay ioyay yc ys~akc qsc lo afxcki`ùk hc il`ckxcyokïxìay cyxï è~låi xo ck cl l`hcvo}ga+ La ckx`ckha p ~schc ycvi`cvxa+ Y`k cefovga, iakz`ckc cyxov iakyi`ckxc hc la y`gs`ckxcyafvc cl l`hcvo}ga= Sko ce~vcyo ~schc ycv låhcv ~avqsc ysyiae~cx`havcy yak ~cavcy+ Sko iakhì`ùk qsc ka gckcvoil`ckxcy okïxìay+

Sko ce~vcyo xoef`àk ~schc ycv låhcv ~av ys xoeoÿa, la isollc ho lo zckxomo hc xckcv ~vcyckiò ck eïy lsgovcy p cyxov




3?


eïy icvio hc ysy il`ckxcy+ ^cva y` lo iol`hoh hc oxcki`ùk qscho ka cy crxvoavh`kovò, xoe~aia gckcvovï okïxìay+ Layil`ckxcy ~ahvåok cyxov yè~lceckxc vcy`gkïkhayc o lo olxo hciae~cxckiò +

@gsoleckxc, sko ce~vcyo ~schc ycv låhcv ~avqsc ysy~vahsixay yak lay eïyfovoxay + Y`k cefovga, la fovoxa ioy`kskio gckcvo okïxìay p, ck lo eopavåo hc lay ioyay, ysyil`ckxcy yak lay eïy hcylcolcy= x`ckhck o ycv yaloeckxc clcy ol~vcià p ka o lo ce~vcyo k` o ysy eovioy+

Sk fsck cmce~la hcl k`zcl hc okox`yea ol qsc ~schck llcgovlay il`ckxcy cy cl ioya hc O~~lc+ Isokha cyxo ce~vcyo okski`ùcl lok}oe`ckxa ol ecvioha hc ys xclà aka^bakc , esibay hcysy il`ckxcy bì`cvak ialoy hc boyxo 6 håoy ck loy ~scvxoy hc ysyx`ckhoy ~ovo ycv lay ~vècvay ck ohqs`v`vlay+ Cyxc ysicya, iaea

ckùecka hc a~`k`ùk ~ýflìo, gckcvù eïy ~sflì`hoh gvoxs`xoqsc lo `kzcvx`ho ~av lo ce~vcyo ~ovo ~vaeaiàkov cl ~vahsixa+

Bop qsc ogvcgov qsc loy ce~vcyoy qsc yc hchìok o xckcvil`ckxcy `kxcvkay okïxìay "ce~lcohay) xoef`àk ysclckafxckcv è~avxokxcy fckc iày koki`cvay=

… Ys vaxoi`ùk hc ~cvyakol cy eckav p cyxa iakllczo oè~avxokxcy obavvay hc iayxay+



36

… Ol ~cveokcicv eïy x`ce~a ck lo ce~vcyo, cl ~cvyakoliakyal`ho clio~`xol `kxclcixsol p cl “yofcv boicv― hc loavgok`}oi`ùk "iakaiè`ckxay, bof`l`hohcy p cr~cv`ckiò)+

… Lay cqs`~ay hc xvofoma yak esiba eïy ~vahsix`zay+

… Lay ce~lcohay ox`ckhck ecmav o lay il`ckxcy p iakz`cvxck clkcgaià ck sk iåvisla z`vxsaya hc yox`y oii`ùk+

Loy ce~vcyoy eïy ohe`vohoy ck cl eskha yc iovoixcv`}ok

~av xckcv ilovoy cyxvoxcgòy ck cl lovga ~lo}a ~ovo avxolcicvcl iae~vae`ya hc ysy ce~lcohay+ Oyå iaky`gsck qsc cllayy`ckxokeïy lcolxoh boiò lo avgok`}oi`ùk p qsc ys hcyce~cÿayco esiba ecmav+

Ck axvoy ~olofvoy, xckcv ilovoy cyxvoxcgòy gcvckiòlcy ~ovo

oxckhcv f`ck o lay il`ckxcy `kxcvkay xoef`àk cy sk kcgaià y`khcy~cvhìà+




39

Javxolc}oy hc ecviohca p ~sflì`hoh

Ck cl io~åxsla okxcvàv ~sh`yxc o~vciòv lay kaxavày fckc iàyciakùeìay hc oxckhcv iak k`zcl ovxåyxìa, hcyhc cl ~skxa hcz`yxo hc iayxay a~cvox`zay p gokokiòy+

Obavo qs`cva eayxvovxc loyzckxomoy ohìàkolcy hcl kcgaiàhc lo fscko oxcki ùk, y` yc ~vapcixo cy~ciå ioeckxc iaeasko cyxvoxcgò hc ecviohca p ~sflì`hoh=

… Eïy cjcix`z`hoh iak lay ~vay~cixay "il`ckxcy ~axckiòlcy)+

… Eïy cjcix`z`hoh ~ovo iakivcxov zckxoy+

… Ecmavcy zckxoy ohìàkolcy+

… Gckcvo lcolxoh p jokox`yea+

… Gckcvo ~sflì`hoh gvoxs`xo p cjcix`zo+

… Cy cl echà ~sflì`xovà eïy fovoxa+

… Cjcix`z`hoh iaeskìoiàkol ys~cvàv+

… Vcjscv}o cl zolav hc lo ~sflì`hoh+

… Ys è~oixa ~schc isokx` iovyc ecmav+

… Ecmav h`jcvckiòi`ùk hc lo iae~cxckiò+

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38

Cyxoy yak ys i`ckxcy vo}akcy ~ovo cyxvsixsvov isolqs`cvcyxvoxcgò hc ecviohca p ~sflì`hoh, xck`ckha lo oxcki`ùk olil`ckxc iaea ska hc lay ~`lovcy cyckiòlcy+

Ck cyxc ioya, ~av cyxvoxcgò ec vc cva o sk ~lok `kxcgvol hciaeskìoiàkcy ~ovo `kjs`v ~ay`x`zoeckxc ck lo ~cvic~i`ùkhc lay h`zcvyay ~ýflìay a osh`ckiòy hc sko ce~vcyo, ckski`ùk hc gckcvov eïy zckxoy p hcyovvallov sko iovxcvo hcil`ckxcy eïy lcolcy p vckxoflcy+

Ck loy y`gs`ckxcy ~ïg`koy zap o eayxvovxc lay hcxollcy hcioho avxolc}o+ Hcy~sày hc lccvlay cy ïi`l iakils`v qscoxckhcv il`ckxcy ovxåyxìoeckxc ~schc ycv lo cyxvoxcgò hciaeskìoi`ùk qsc fv`khc eïy vcyslxohay o eckav ~vcià p, y`khsho, lo eïy ysyxckxoflc+

Javxolc}oy hc ecviohca p ~sflì`hoh



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Eïy c cix`z`hoh iak lay ~vay~cixay

Ck cl eskha hcl ecviohca p loy zckxoy, sk ~axckiòl iae~vohav cy sk il`ckxc “~vay~cixa―+ Oxckhcvla iak criclckiòy`ce~vc boic qsc àyxc y`ckxo ecmav h`y~ayì`ùk boiò lo~cvyako a lo ce~vcyo qsc lc a vcic sk ~vahsixa a sk ycvzìà+

Sk il`ckxc qsc yc y`ckxc oxckh`ha iak h`gk`hoh ovxåyxìo,y`ce~vc ~vcyxovï eïy oxcki`ùk, cyisibovï ecmav p yckx`vïeïy `kil`koi`ùk o iae~vov vckxc o sk ~va cyàkol qsc lc~va~aviàko sk xvoxa cric~iàkol+

Xck ~vcyckxc qsc o xvozày hc lay ~vahsixay p ycvzì ay, layil`ckxcy iae~vok ceaiàkcy, yckyoiàkcy, cr~cv`ckiòy, hcoy,~cvic~iàkcy+

Okxcy hcl ~vahsixa a ycvz ià , cl ~vay~cixa iae~vo lo èogckp lo y`kicv`hoh hc qs`ck la ox`ckhc p la qsc lc boic yckx`v iak

cl xvoxa qsc lc ho+ Iae~vo la qsc ~cvi`fc hc x` o xvozày hc xsaveo hc xvofomov p oxckhcvla, voygay cyckiòlcy qsc hc kck xsk`zcl hc ~va cyàkol`yea+

Ck cyxc yckx`ha, qs`ck ox`ckhc ovxåyxìoeckxc, f`ck yco iovoo iovo a ~av xclà aka, y`ce~vc xckhvï eïy ~ahcv hc ivcov `kxcvàyck sk ~axckiòl il`ckxc qsc isolqs`cv axva iokol~sflì`xovà+

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3:

Eïy c cix`z`hoh ~ovo iakivcxov zckxoy

Loy fsckoy ioe~oÿoy ~sflì`xovòy boick qsc lo gckxc lloec~av xclà aka a zopo boyxo sko x`ckho ~ovo eïy `k aveoi`ùka ~ovo ohqs`v`v la qsc lc a vci`cvak ck lo ~sfl i`hoh+ Y`kcefovga, ck sko gvok iokx`hoh hc ioyay hc ~vahsixay p ck loeopavåo hc lay ycvzìày, ycvï lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc“cl echà― o xvozày hcl isol yc iakivcxc lo zckxo p cl eokxckè`ckxa hclil`ckxc+

Isokha cyxa yc hcyiakaic a yc ysfcyxèo, cl vcyslxoha cyqsc ck cl håo o håo hc sk kcgaiàyc ~`cvhck esiboy zckxoy+

Ka yak ~aioy loy zcicy qsc loy ~cvyakoy qsc ox`ckhck o cyayil`ckxcy `kxcvcyohay ka x`ckck ys i`ckxc aveoi`ùk ~va cyàkol~ovo oxckhcv f`ck, a yè~lceckxc ka lcy gsyxo la qsc boick pka yc y`ckxck h`gkay ol ycvz`v o axvoy ~cvyakoy+

Ck axvay ioyay, lo ce~vcyo ka bo islx`zoha sko islxsvo

av`ckxoho o lo oxcki`ùk+ Xoef`àk yc ~`cvhck il`ckxcy qsc yak“~claxcohay― ~av ce~lcohay qsc hìck= “cya ka cy ck cyxchc~ovxoeckxa― a “cya ka cy iake`ga―+

Y`k cefovga, ck hakhc fv`khok oxcki`ùk ovxåyxìo ysclc bofcvgvok ilov`hoh yafvc loiavvcloi`ùk ckxvc iol`hoh hc oxcki`ùk olil`ckxc p zckxoy+

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37

Ecmavcy zckxoy ohìàkolcy

Isokha kay iakickxvoeay ck oxckhcv iak ~va cyàkol`yea,y`ce~vc zckhceay esiba eïy iak cl e`yea cy scv}a+ Cyxayc hcfc, ~v`ki`~oleckxc, o qsc lagvoeay zcv p iae~vckhcvesiba ecmav cl oliokic hc loy kcicy`hohcy, loy oy~`voiàkcy ploy iakhìàkcy hc ioho il`ckxc, cz`xokha loy gckcvol`}oiàkcy pcl c cixa kcgox`za hc loy cx`qscxoy p lay ~vcmsìày+

Isokha cyxoeay hcf`hoeckxc iakcixohay iak qs`ckoxckhceay, kay vcyslxo eïy ïi`l a vcicvlc ~vahsixay aycvzìày iae~lceckxovày o lay qsc kay yalì`xovak, a

olxcvkox`zoy p a~iàkcy isokha kay ~`hck olga qsc ck cyceaeckxa ka h`y~akceay+

Bop qsc vc`xcvov ck ïxìoeckxc qsc lo zckxo hc ~vahsixay pycvzìày ohìàkolcy a iae~lceckxovày, xoef`àk y`gk` ioeïy `kgvcyay iak eckay iayxay +

Isokha oxckhceay iak ~va cyàkol`yea, iak osxàkxìozalskxoh hc opshov, iakyxvsèay lo iak ok}o kcicyovò ~ovoqsc cl il`ckxc kay cyisibc xahoy loy vciaeckhoiàkcy qsc lca vciceay+ Gvoiòy o lo oxcki`ùk iak k`zcl ovxåyxìa, cl e`yeacy scv}a hc zckxo v`khc eïy p ecmav+

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32

Gckcvo lcolxoh p okox`yea

Cy zcvhoh, bop il`ckxcy qsc yc boick lcolcy o skoy eovioy+ ^cvaisokha aisvvc, lo lcolxoh ysclc ycv ys~cvàv boiò loy ~cvyakoyqsc lay ox`ckhck+ Isokha lo oxcki`ùk p cl ycvzìà cy “ scvo hcycv`c―, lay il`ckxcy yc boick`kxckyoeckxc jclcy o cyo ~cvyakoqsc loy boic yckx`v ýkìoy p cy~ciòlcy+

Esiboy ~cvyakoy qsc ka iae~vckhck f`ck cl è~oixabseoka hc lo fscko oxcki`ùk, ysclck ovgseckxov qsc o layil`ckxcy la qsc eïy lcy è~avxo cy cl ~vcià+ Cy ~vafoflc qsccya aisvvo ck i`cvxay ioyay hc ~vahsixay qsc lay il`ckxcy

ohqs`cvck y`k qsc vci`fok oxcki`ùk, a isokha ka x`ckck~vc cvckiò ~av sko eovio cy~ciå io+

^cva lay il`ckxcy qsc zolavok eïy cl ~vcià, ioy` kskio yaklcolcy o sko eovio+ Isokha yc xvoxo hc ycvzìà, esibayil`ckxcy llcgok o ioefòvyc hc ~vazcchav ~av ska qsc

lcy iafvo eïy a cyxï eïy h`yxokxc, ~cva qsc lay ox`ckhcysyxokiòleckxc ecmav+

Hc cyxa cy qsc cyxoeay boflokha isokha kay vc cvèay olcolxoh, lo isol hcycefaio ck“ okox`yea― , qsc yc ~vahsicisokha lo fscko oxcki`ùk cy iaky`yxckxc ck cl x`ce~a,`kh`yx`kxoeckxc hc loy i`viskyxokiòy+

?8



30

Gckcvo lo ~sflì`hoh eïy ~ahcvayo

±Cr`yxc olgýk echà ~sflì xovà eïy c cix`za qsc lay ~va~àyil`ckxcy yox`y cibay qsc boflok hc lo criclckxc oxcki`ùk pycvzìà qsc vci`f`cvak ck sk eaeckxa hcxcve`koha1

âv esp ivcox`za p yav~vckhckxceckxc ~vahsi`ha, ±~schc skokskià ~sflì`xovà xckcv lo e`yeoivch`f`l`hoh qsc x`ckcklay il`ckxcy qsc boflok hc ysy cr~cv`ckiòy ~vïixìoy iaeaiakyse`havcy1

Lo ~sflì`hoh eïy ~ahcvayo y`ce~vc bo y`ha p ycgs`vï y`ckha

lo qsc boick loy ~cvyakoy qsc boflok hc iùea bok y`haxvoxohoy ~av ~cvyakoy, ce~vcyoy a `kyx`xsiàkcy ~ýflìoy+ Laboick iovo%o%iovo, ~av xclà aka a ~av cyiv`xa, xokxa ck ~v`zohaiaea ck cy~oiày ~ýflìay p eoy`zay+

Lo vo}ùk cy yè~lc= qs`ckcy cyisibok o olgs`ck qsc ka vci`fc

~oga ~av ~ovxc hc sko ce~vcyo okskiòkxc, yofck qsc cyo~cvyako cye~oviòl p eïy afmcx`zo ol boflov hc sk ~vahsixaa sk ycvzìà+ âv cya x`ckc eïy ivch`f`l`hoh qsc sk okskià~sflì`xovà qsc yùla boic ~vaecyoy+

Isokha bok y`ha oxckh`hay hc eokcvo cy~ciòl, iak criclckiòovxåyxìo, lay il`ckxcy kay vciae`ckhok iak axvoy ~cvyakoyp boflok f`ck hc kayaxvay, ioho zc} qsc ~schck+ Kscyxvovc~sxoi`ùk yc cr~okhc “hc faio ck faio―, olga qsc aisvvc iakeïy scv}o oýk ~av cl oliokic hc loy vchcy yaiòlcy p lo Wcf 6+>+

?3



:>

Sk il`ckxc okïxìa zckhc lay ~vahsixay p ycvzìày esibaecmav qsc lo ~va~ò ce~vcyo p ysy zckhchavcy, ~avqsc ho skecmav xcyxèakà hc lay fckc iày qsc zcvhohcvoeckxc boafxck`ha p h`y vsxoha+

Lay il`ckxcy ~axckiòlcy iak åok eïy ck axva il`ckxc, ~avqsc ycxvoxo hc olgs`ck qsc bo ~vafoha iak ys ~va~ò cr~cv`ckiò lo~vaecyo hc loy ce~vcyoy ~v`zohoy a `kyx`xsi akcy ~ýflìoy+

Lo fscko ~sflì hoh xvohìàkol ~schc boicv qsc lo gckxc

boflc esiba hc sko eovio, qsc yc o~vckho sk cylagokp xovovcc cl ~cgomaya cyxv`f`lla hc sk m`kglc+ ^cva loscv}o,ivch`f`l`hoh c `k sckiò qsc x`ckck lay xcyxèakày hc layil`ckxcy cy `kys~cvoflc+

Olgskoy hc loy eovioy iakxce~avïkcoy eïy iakai`hoy p

zolàyoy hcl eskha, yc bì`cvak oeayoy y`k `kzcvx`v h`kcvack ~sflì`hoh xvohìàkol+ Yc ck aiovak ck gckcvov lovciaeckhoi`ùk hc lay il`ckxcy yox`y cibay hc ysy ycvzìày+ Xolcy cl ioya hc Gaaglc, Oeo}ak, W`d`~chò, Yxovfsidy, Joicfaad,ckxvc axvay+

Gckcvo lo ~sflì`hoh eïy ~ahcvayo



:?

Cl echà ~sflì`xovà eïy fovoxa

Lo oxcki`ùk lo fv`khok lay ce~lcohay hc lo ce~vcyo, p cllay poiafvok sk ysclha ~av cya+

^cva ~ovo qsc cllay hck fscko oxcki`ùk p gckcvck ~sflì`hohgvoxs`xo ~av ~ovxc hc lay il`ckxcy, yc kcicy`xokxvcy låkcoy hcxvofoma=

?+ Zcvhohcvo aveoi`ùk ~va cyàkol p ovxåyxìo yafvc lo oxcki`ùkp cl ycvzìà ol il`ckxc+

6+ Ycv xvoxohay hckxva hc lo ce~vcyo iaea il`ckxcy `kxcvkay"cy~ciòleckxc ~av ysy mc cy), iak lo e`yeo iol`hoh qsc ycfsyio qsc cllay ~va~aviàkck o lay il`ckxcy crxcvkay+

9+ _sc lo ce~vcyo ~vaesczo sko islxsvo hc oxcki`ùk pycvzìà ol il`ckxc, iovoixcv`}oho ~av zolavcy hc criclckiò

~cvyakol p ~va cyàkol+

Y` loy ce~vcyoy `kz`vx`cvok eïy vcisvyay ck cyxoy xvcy låkcoyhc xvofoma, iakzcvx`våok lo oxcki`ùk p cl ycvzìà ck skoy ~ahcvayoy bcvvoe`ckxoy hc ecviohca p zckxoy, ispay iayxay~v`ki`~olcy po yak ~ovxc hc lay iayxay a~cvox`zay+

Lay iayxay hc aveoi`ùk ~va cyàkol p lay iayxay hcvciakaiè`ckxa hc loy fsckoy ~vïixìoy ck oxcki`ùk, y`ce~vcbok y`ha p y`ce~vc ycvïk ysyxokiòleckxc eckavcy qsc lay

?:



:6

iayxay `kzalsivohay ck lo ~vahsii`ùk p h` sy`ùk hc okskiày~sflì`xovày ck echày eoy`zay+

âv ys~scyxa, esibay gcvckxcy ~`ckyok qsc lo aveoi`ùk hcl ~cvyakol ka cy fsck kcgaià, y` àyxc vaxo esiba+ ^cva la qschcyiakaic cyxc ck aqsc gcvckiòl cy qsc isokha lo aveoi`ùkcy ~ovxc hc sk ~lok ~ovo islx`zov p eokxckcv ck cl x`ce~asko islxsvo av`ckxoho o lo oxcki`ùk p cl ycvzìà hcl il`ckxc, layvcyslxohay yak h`yx`kxay+

Loy avgok`}oiàkcy qsc hchìok sk cy scv}a y`yxceox`}oha oiakyxvs`v p iakyal hov ys ~va~ò islxsvo, hc oiscvha iak zolavcyp iakhsixoy iakivcxoy, yofck qsc cyxa lc ho o lo aveoi`ùk sko~vapcii`ùk ck cl x`ce~a ys~cvàv o lo qsc ~vahsick lay isvyay~skxsolcy p o`ylohay+

Ck axvoy ~olofvoy, isokha bop sk ~lok hc aveoi`ùk h`v`g`hao gckcvov islxsvo hc oxcki`ùk , lo vaxoi`ùk hcl ~cvyakolh`ye`kspc "p ysy iaky`gs`ckxcy iayxay)+ Xoef`àk oseckxo lo~vahsix`z`hoh, ~avqsc lo gckxc yc iakcixo iak sko z`y`ùkhc sxsva hc lo avgok`}oi`ùk esiba eïy cyxèslokxc c`ky~`vohavo, o lo zc} qsc lo avgok`}oi`ùk a vcic sk xvoxacric~i akol o ysy ce~lcohay p lay iakz`cvxc ck ia%~ovxåi`~cyhc lay lagvay+

Cl echà ~sflì`xovà eïy fovoxa



:9

C cix`z`hoh iaeskìoiàkol ys~cvàv

Lo ~sflì`hoh eoy`zo, ~av esp ycgeckxoho qsc yco, y`ce~vccy eïy `kh`yivè`koho qsc looxcki`ùk ~cvyakol`}oho olil`ckxc+ âv la xokxa, iak ioho ~cvyako oxckh`ho iak criclckiòbop eïy ~axckiòl hc c cix`z`hoh iaeskìoiàkol+

Y`k hshoy, lay echày eoy`zay hc ~sflì`hoh x`ckck sk oliokic`k k`xoeckxc eopav ol hc lo oxcki`ùk ~cvyakol`}oho+ ^cva ~avlo e`yeo vo}ùk, xoef`àk x`ckck esiba eïy “hcy~cvhìà― +

Cy hci`v, sko ioe~oÿo xvohìàkol hc ~sflì`hoh o xvozày hc

echày eoy`zay hc iaeskìoi`ùk ~schc llcgov o esibåyèoyeïy ~cvyakoy qsc loy qsc yc fsyiok, hcycok a kcicy`xok+

@lsyxvceay cyxo o veoi`ùk iak sk cmce~la= sko zollo ck loosxa~`yxo yafvc iayeàxìay ~ovo hoeoy xoef`àk ycvï z`yxo ~avbaefvcy p k`ÿay qsc ka x`ckck k`kgýk `kxcvày ck ohqs`v`v cyay

~vahsixay+ Oyå qsc cllay vc~vcyckxok sk gvoha hc hcy~cvhìàhc cyxc echà ~sflì`xovà+

Ka afyxokxc, loy ce~vcyoy gvokhcy, hc ~vahsixay a ycvzìàyhc iakysea eoy`za, x`ckhck o fckc iòvyc ecmav hclay echày ~sflì`xovà hc gvok cyiolo, oskqsc ka ycok~cvyakol`}ohay+ ^cva loy ~cqscÿoy p echòkoy avgok`}oiàkcy,loy eìva%ce~vcyoy, p lay ~va cyàkolcy `khc~ckh`ckxcy x`ckckesiba eïy qsc gokov iak sko cyxvoxcgò hc oxcki`ùk h`vcixo,“ska%o%ska― +

?7



:3

Vc scv}o cl zolav hc lo ~sflì`hoh

Ohceïy hc lo iol`hoh hcl ~vahsixa, cl xvoxa qsc vci`fc clil`ckxc o xvozày hc lay h` cvckxcy iokolcy hc ycvzìà cy la qscecmav hc kc yscr~cv`ckiò iak lo ce~vcyo, cy la qsc eïy laeovio ceaiàkoleckxc p la qsc eïy vciscvho+

Lo `kxcky`hoh hc lo cr~cv`ckiò h`vcixo hcl xvoxa, mskxa o layfckc iày xokg`flcy hcl ycvzìà a ~vahsixa, y`ce~vc cyysyxokiòleckxc ys~cvàv o lo “cr~cv`ckiò― qsc ~vahsic lo~sflì`hoh ck echày eoy`zay hc iaeskìoi`ùk+

âv esp okxïyxìo qsc yco lo ~sflì`hoh, y`ce~vc cy sko ~vaecyo , yaecx`ho o ~vscfo isokha cl il`ckxc iakysecla qsc iae~vo, p ~av lo aveo ck qsc cy xvoxoha ck xaha cl~vaicya hc `kxcvoii`ùk iak lo ce~vcyo okskiòkxc+

Hcyhc cyxo ~cvy~cix`zo, lo ~sflì`hoh `kh`yivè`koho a

hcy~cvyakol`}oho cy sk oveo hchaflc jla , cy~ciòleckxcisokha lay il`ckxcy iakxvoyxok la qsc lc ~vaecxck iak la qscvcoleckxc vci`fck ck lo ~vïixìo+

Oyå ~scy, y` vci`fck sko iol`hoh hc oxcki`ùk p ycvzìàcrxvoavh`kovày, lay il`ckxcy vox` iovïk lo gvoxo cr~cv`ckiò qscz`z`cvak isokha ckisckxvck lo ~sflì`hoh hc echày eoy`zay+

^cva y` cy ol vczày, p lo iol`hoh hc oxcki`ùk p ycvzìà cyhc~lavoflc, cl il`ckxc yckx`vï qsc lay okskiày ~sflì`xovày

?2



::

qsc bo z`yxa a cyisiboha yak sko a cvxo ckgoÿayo a ~svohceogagò ~av ~ovxc hcl okskiòkxc+

Loy ce~vcyoy afxckhvïk eïy ivch`f`l`hoh boiò ysy okskiày~sflì`xovày, y` àyxay cyxïk vcy~olhohay ~av sko criclckxcoxcki`ùk p ycvzìà ck layiokolcy hc `kxcvoii`ùk h`vcixo iaklay il`ckxcy+ Ck iakycisckiò, lo vckxof`l`hoh hc lo `kzcvy`ùk~sflì`xovò xoef`àk ycvï eopav+

Ck axvoy ~olofvoy, e`ckxvoy ecmav cy lo iol`hoh hc oxcki`ùk p

ycvzìà ol il`ckxc hc lo avgok`}oi`ùk,eïy vckhè`ckxa x`ckclo ~sflì`hoh+ Hc la iakxvovà, ~schc xckcv sk c cixa fýecvok=lay il`ckxcy yc hcic~iàkok esiba eïy isokha lo ~sflì`hohlay `khsic o fsyiov sko a cvxo, ~cva yak eolxvoxohay isokhallcgok boyxo lay ~vchày hcl okskiòkxc+

Ck ioefà, lay il`ckxcy qsc yc zalz`cvak okïxìay ~av looxcki`ùk p cl ycvzìà, boyxoogvohcick lo ~sflì`hoh qsc lcy~va~aviàko kazchohcy p lay eokx`ckc ol håo iak ~vaeaiàkcycy~ciòlcy+

Vc scv}o cl zolav hc lo ~sflì`hoh



:7

Ys è~oixa ~schc isokx`jiovyc ecmav

ôvo isokx` iov hc eokcvo ~vci`yo lay il`ckxcy qsc skoce~vcyo lagvo iakivcxov ~av layc cixay h`vcixay hc skoioe~oÿo ~sflì`xovò, gckcvoleckxc yc vcqs`cvck eciok`yeayeïy a eckay ya yxìohay p iayxayay+

Y`k cefovga, loy ce~vcyoy qsc ka boick ~sflì`hoh ck ec%hày eoy`zay, y`ka qsc yc iakickxvok ck iokolcy hc ecviohcah`vcixa, “ska%o%ska―,lagvok ech`v ys c cix`z`hoh iaeskìo%iàkol hc eokcvo eïy yè~lc p ciakùeìo= iak ioho il`ckxcoxckh`ha czolýok lo c cix`z`hoh `kechòxo hc ysy cyxvoxcgòy hc

iaeskìoi`ùk p zckxoy+

Lo oxcki`ùk h`vcixo hc lay il`ckxcy ~va~aviàko lo a~avxsk`hohhc ~akcv o ~vscfo, ck cl oixa, y` lay eckyomcy hc lo ce~vcyo yakiae~vckh`hay p x`ckck ys i`ckxc io~oi`hoh hc ~cvysoy`ùk+

Ama, ka cyxap hì`ckha qsc lay vcyslxohay hc lay okskiày ~sfl`%i`xovày ka ~schck isokx` iovyc+ H`ga qsc isokx` iov cl è~oixahc lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc cy eïy ïi`l, vï~`ha p ciakùeìa+

Loy ce~vcyoy qsc iakaick f`ck cyxoy zckxomoy, ka hcy~cvhìòkk`kgsko a~avxsk`hoh ~ovo boicvlc ~vcgskxoy o lay il`ckxcy qsclcy ~cve`xok boicv ecmavoy `kechòxoy= “±qsà lc gsyxovåo qscecmavïvoeay ~ovo qsc syxch cyxà eïy iakxckxa iak kscyxvaycvzìà1―4 “±qsà lc ~ovci`ù cl ycvzìà qsc lc hèay bap1―+

?0



:2

Cyxoy ~vcgskxoy yak yùla hay cmce~lay qsc ~cve`xckisokx`jiov cl è~oixa hc lo oxcki`ùk p o~vazcibov loyvcy~scyxoy ck cl eaeckxa, y`k kcicy`hoh hc hceoyòhofsvaivoiò+

Vciscvha lo a~avxsk`hoh ck qsc opshà o sko ce~vcyo ockiscyxov o 6+>>> il`ckxcy qsc z`y`xovak ys x`ckho+ Yùla bìèay3 ~vcgskxoy yè~lcy, p sko hc clloy sc= “±qsà cy la qsc eckaylc gsyxo hc kscyxvo x`ckho1―+

Yofåo qsc cyxc x`~a hc ~vcgskxo hcfc “zckhcvyc― ol il`ckxc qscyc ckxvcz`yxo+ Hc la iakxvovà cy ïi`l qsc lo czoho+ Oyå qsc kay~vc~ovoeay f`ck ~ovo `ky`yx`v iak hclìohc}o, p ckiakxvoeayqsc ol ??# hc lay z`y`xokxcy lo x`ckho lc vcyslxofo iolsvayo+

Hcy~sày hc oqscllo ckiscyxo ka yc b`}a k`kgýk ioefà åyìa

ck lo x`ckho, ka yc `kyxolù o`vc oiakhìàkoha, k` yc bì`cvakomsyxcy ck lay ~vaicyay hc ycvzìà= hci`h`cvak ecmavovysyxokiòleckxclo iol`hoh hc lo oxcki`ùk qsc fv`khofo cl~cvyakol ck xahoy loy ïvcoy+ Hcy~sày hc sk ecy, iak axvay6+>>> ckiscyxohay, cl iolav ka o~ovci`ù ckxvc loy qscmoy hc layil`ckxcy p loy zckxoy oseckxovak+

Yå, la qsc cyxap o veokha cy qsc lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxciak k`zcl ovxåyxìa è~oixo xokxa qsc cy io~o} hc`k s`v ~ay`x`zoeckxc p ioefòv loy ~cvic~iàkcy hc lo gckxc yafvc

Ys è~oixa ~schc isokx` iovyc ecmav



:0


loy “ealcyxòy― hcl ckxavka+ ^cva okxcy, cy kcicyovà xckcv skoh`y~ayì`ùk c `kxcvày cy~ciòl ~ovo ~vcgskxovlcy o lay il`ckxcyysy a~`kàkcy, zolavovloy p isokx` iov ysy vcy~scyxoy hc eokcvo~vïixìo+

Oyå e`yea, lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc cy cl ýkìa echà qscx`ckc isolqs`cv ce~vcyo ~ovo ckiakxvov vï~`hoeckxca~avxsk`hohcy hc boicv ecmavoy ck ysy ~vahsixay= layil`ckxcy `kyox`y cibay a ealcyxay yc qscmok "hc eokcvo h`vcixoa `kh`vcixo) o xvozày hc lay h`zcvyay iokolcy hc `kxcvoii`ùk qsc

h`y~akck+

Y` xs avgok`}oi`ùk x`ckc sko islxsvo av`ckxoho o lagvovlo criclckiò ck oxcki`ùk p ycvzìà, ckxakicy yofcyzolavov loy qscmoy p lay vciloeay ol ~skxa hc iaky`hcvovlayvcgolay+ Isckxoy iak y`yxceoy yè~lcy ~ovo isokx` iovlay

p o~vazcibovlay hc `kechòxa ~ovo ecmavov p boicv`kkazoiàkcy+

Y` ka x`ckcy cyxo islxsvo, `kzckxovïy iae~lìohay “cyxshày hcecvioha― ~ovo qsc axvay xc h`gok iak lïe`koy hc âwcv â`kxla qsc lay il`ckxcy po xc hìck gvoxs`xoeckxc, xahay lay håoy+



7>

Ecmav h` cvckiòi`ùk hc lo iae~cxckiò

Ck sko ciakaeåo glafol`}oho, lay ~vahsixay p ycvzìày x`ckcklo xckhckiò `vvczcvy`flc o ~ovcicvyc+ @kilsy`zc, olgskay koickck loy e`yeoy ïfvìoy hc Oyò, p yùla yc h` cvckiòk ~av loeovio "cl kaefvc p cl lagax`~a)+

Sko hc loy iakycisckiòy hc cyxo ycecmok}o ivci`ckxc cy qsco lay il`ckxcy ioho håo lcy iscyxo eïy h` cvckiòv loy iovoixcvåy%xìoy p fckc iày ckxvc ~vahsixay hc sk e`yea gàkcva+ Iaeavcyslxoha, xoe~aia lagvok ckxckhcv lay ~vciày p ka lcy ysclcycv ïi`l hci`h`v isïl iae~vov a o isïl ycv cl+

Y`k cefovga, lo iol`hoh hc lo oxcki`ùk hc loy ce~vcyoyy`gsc y`ckha cl oy~cixa h` cvckiòhav hc eopavè~oixa p vciavhoi`ùk ~ovo lay il`ckxcy ck ioy` xahay lay ecviohay+

Bap, ck cl ~vaicya iaecviòl, loy eovioy hc ~vahsixay p

ycvzìày xcve`kok ck loy eokay hc lay ce~lcohay qscox`ckhck, f`ck yco iovo%o%iovo, ~av xclà aka a ~av cyiv`xa+ Yakcllay lay qsc eïy `kjspck ck lo ~cvic~i`ùk kol hc lay il`ckxcy,qsc fsyiok `k aveoi`ùk yafvc cyay ~vahsixay p ycvzìày,a lay ohqs`cvck, kcicy`xok ycvzìày ~ayzckxo a ~vahsixayiae~lceckxovày+

Cl k`zcl ~va cyàkol hcl xvoxa hc lay ce~lcohay ~schc llcgovo xckcv eïy è~oixa ck lay il`ckxcy qsc lo ~va~ò iol`hoh hcl

6>



7?


~vahsixa a ycvzìà+ Vo}ùk ~av lo isol lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc cysk ~ahcvaya vcisvya hch`yx`ki`ùk+

Cy hci`v, ~vahsixay p ycvzìày ~schck xckcv yè`l`xshcy vckxcol gsyxa hc lay il`ckxcy, ~cva lo aveo ck qsc lay ~va cyàkolcyhc sko avgok`}oi`ùk fv`khok oxcki`ùk ~schc boicv loh` cvckiò eïy è~avxokxc+

_s`}ïy loy ce~vcyoy hc ycvzìày x`ckck sk ~aia eïy hcilov`hoh yafvc cyxc bciba qsc loy ce~vcyoy qsc ofvìok

~vahsixay, ~cva oefoy kcicy`xok iae~vckhcv cl skhoeckxa=Loy ~cvyakoy ~schck llcgov o alz`hov la qsc lcy hìck a lcy hok,~cvakskio alz`hok la qsc lcy boick yckx`v iak lo eokcvo hcoxckhcvloy+

Ck axvoy ~olofvoy, lay il`ckxcy yc ceaiàkok iak ~vahsixay a ycv%

zìày yox`y oixavày, ~cva la qsc eïy ~schc è~vcyàkovlay cy loaveo ck qsc yak xvoxohay ~av qs`ckcy lay ox`ckhck+

Cyxa cr~lìo ~av qsà ce~vcyoy ~cqscÿoy, y`k ~vcys~scyxahc ecviohca p ~sflì`hoh, llcgok o xckcv yùl`hoy iovxcvoy hcil`ckxcy p yc h` cvckiòk ysyxokiòleckxc hc ysy iae~cx`havcy,oskqsc cyxay ycok eïy gvokhcy+



76

±P loy `kyx`xsiàkcy ~ýflìoy1

Y` iakz`cvxck looxcki`ùk ol i`shohoka ck sk ~`lov hc ysislxsvo avgok`}oiàkol, loy `kyx`xsiàkcy hc ycvzìà ~ýflìa~schck afxckcv lay e`yeay fckc iày qsc loy ecmavcyce~vcyoy, ck xàve`kay hc ~vahsix`z`hoh, c i`ckiò p ~vcyx`gà+

^cva cyxa vcqs`cvc qsc bogok sk cy scv}a ~ovoh`gk`jiov yaiòleckxc cl zolav p lo e~avxokiò hcl skiàkovà ~ýflìa,ispa xvofoma vcisckxceckxc cy iol` ioha iaea y`kùkèa hcfsvaivoiò, kc i`ckiò, lckx`xsh, khalckiò p iavvs~i`ùk+

Yofceay qsc cyo oeo x`ckc ysy skhoeckxay ~alåxìay+ ^cvay`k hshoy xoef`àk cr`yxck ~va cyàkolcy hc lo ohe`k`yxvoi`ùk~ýflìo qsc ka ecvcick cyay ~vcmsìày+ Yak skiàkovàyhc iovvcvo p x`ckck sk iae~vae`ya h` cvckxc iak ysy lofavcy~va cyàkolcy+

Y` lay fsckay ce~lcohay ~ýflìay yak a ka sko e`kavåo kacy la eïy vclczokxc ck cyxc l`fva+ Eïy vclczokxc cy lo svgckxckcicy`hoh hc qsc lay xvofomohavcy hcl Cyxoha ecmavck cl xvoxaqsc hok o lay i`shohokay+ Kayaxvay iakxv`fsèay o gckcvovys ysclha o xvozày hc lay h`zcvyay è~scyxay qsc ~ogoeay olCyxoha+ âv la xokxa, ecvciceay ecmavcy ycvzìày p oxcki`ùk+

Y`k cefovga, qsc kay xvoxck ecmav ka zo o aisvv`v ~avqscsk gaf`cvka la hcivcxc+ Lo iol`hoh hc oxcki`ùk qsc xc hosko ~cvyako qsc xvofomo ck sk e`k`yxcvà a ck isolqs`cv axvo

6?



79


`kyx`xsi`ùk ~ýflìoka ~schc ycv è~scyxo ~av sko lcp a skoavhck ~alåxìo hcl gafcvkokxc+

Sk ce~lcoha ~ýflìa, a hc isolqs`cv ce~vcyo, ~sh`cvo ycv“afch`ckxc― iak loy skiàkcy hc lo avgok`}oi`ùk ck lo qscxvofomo p ise~l`v iak ysy vcy~akyof`l`hohcy lofavolcy+ ^cva cyaka y`gk` io k` govokx`}o qsc llcgsc o fv`khov fscko oxcki ùkp ycvzìà ol il`ckxc+ Lo aveo hc oxckhcv hc~ckhc iae~lcxo%eckxc hc ys hci`y`ùk ~cvyakol , la isol yå cyxï ys~ch`xoha o loh`gk`hoh qsc y`ckxo ~av ycv sk ycvz`hav ~ýflìa+

Y` lo yai`choh ck ys iakmskxa la y`gsc cyx`geox`}okha iaeafsvùivoxo, `kc i`ckxc p iavvs~xa, cy esp ~aia ~vafoflc qscllcgsc o yckx`v sk hcyca cy~ciòl hc fv`khov fscko oxcki`ùk+Iak cyxoy“ cx`qscxoy― yaeay lay i`shohokay qs`ckcy eïy ~cv%hceay iak lo iol`hoh hc lay ycvzìày ~ýflìay qsc vci`fèay+

Ka cyxap hì`ckha qsc ka hcfceay ycv cr`gckxcy hc sk ecmavycvzìà p oxcki`ùk isokha yco kcicyovà+ ^cva vciloeov cyxchcvciba cy h` cvckxc o iakhckov o lay xvofomohavcy hcl Cyxohaiak sko cx`qscxo+

Loy `kyx`xsiàkcy ~ýflìoy x`ckck lo a~avxsk`hoh hch`gk`jiov yaiòleckxc cl zolav p cl y`gk` ioha hcl ycvz`hav ~ýflìa+ Ckxvcaxvoy iayoy, ~va~aviàkïkhalc ckxvckoe`ckxa ~va cyàkol ckeoxcvò hc oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc+



78

Ka cy sko ioysol`hoh qsc lay ~oåycy eïy hcyovvallohay p iakeopav iol`hoh hc z`ho xckgok ecmavcy ycvzìày ~ýflìay pecmav oxcki`ùk ol i`shohoka+ Yak clceckxay fïyìay hc skiåvisla z`vxsaya+

Isokha ioho ce~lcoha ~ýflìa zc iak eïy bakvohc},bakcyx`hoh c `kxcgv`hoh cl xvofoma hc ycvz`v o lo gckxc, ck cyoech`ho xoef`àk la ~va~aviàkovï+ Hc cyxo eokcvo, àl, xý p payolèay gokokha ck isokxa o iol`hoh hc ycvzìày ~ýflìay p,ck iakycisckiò, hc z`ho+

Iak cyxo z`y`ùk hc lo oxcki`ùk p cl eovia islxsvol qsc è~lìo,loy `kyx`xsiàkcy ~ýflìoy ~schck iakzcvx`vyc cky`gk`jiox`zoy ~olokioy hc hcyovvalla yaiòl p ciakùeìa+

Sk fsck cmce~la hc cyxc ~axckiòl la ~schcy iakyxoxov ck cl

eskha hc loy avgok`}oiàkcy yaiòlcy y`k kcy hc lsiva+

Xol cy cl ioya hc “Jc p Olcgvåo―, ck Zckc}sclo+ Sko kyx`xsi`ùkispo islxsvo " laya åo) hc oxcki`ùk p ycvzìà lc bo ~cve`x`hacyxoflcicv p cr~okh`vialcgày criclckxcy p h`gkay ck loy}akoy eïy ~afvcy hc xaha cl ~oåy+ Sko crxvoavh`kovò lofavhc aveoi`ùk qsc bo vcol`}oha ~av eïy hc echà y`gla, iakeckay a `gsolcy vcisvyay ciakùeìay qsc axvoy `kyx`xsiàkcychsiox`zoy gsfcvkoeckxolcy p ~v`zohoy+




73


@gsoleckxc, ioyay iaea lay hc lo Ivs} Vamo a lay Fap Yiasxy,yak cmce~lay hc avgok`}oiàkcy i`z`lcy `kxcvkoiàkolcy,`khc~ckh`ckxcy, qsc yc hcyxoiok ~av lo c i`ckiò a~cvox`zoqsc yc iaky`gsc isokha ysy `kxcgvokxcyiae~vckhck p oyseck cl opshov o lo gckxc iaea sk oyskxa islxsvol, hczolavcy p hc z`ho+

Is`hoha, ka ec cyxap vc v`ckha iak cyxay ioyay o cmce~layhc olxvs`yea a la qsc cyxcvcax`~ohoeckxc yc ysclc lloeov“zaioi`ùk hc ycvzìà―+ Iak cyxay cmce~lay qs`cva eayxvov qsc

loy kyx`xsiàkcy ~schck hcyovvallov skoislxsvo hc oxcki`ùk p ycvzì a+ ôvo la isol kcicy`xok sk cy scv}a y`yxceox`}oha piakyxokxc, ~ovo hc k`vlo, ckycÿovlo, islx`zovlo p eokxckcvlo ckcl x`ce~a+

Olgskay `kh`z`hsay ~schck xckcv zaioi`ùk hc ycvzìà, ~cva

cyxo ka cy lo foyc skhoeckxol ~ovo sko islxsvo `kyx`xsiàkol+O loy avgok`}oiàkcy lcy xaiocyxoflcicv p islx`zov ysy ~va~àyzolavcy+ Cy hci`v, hcfck hcyovvallov lay ~v`ki`~ày p iakhsixoycy~ciå ioy qsc cy~cvok hc ysy e`cefvay p ~av loy isolcy cllayyak czolsohay p vcxv`fs`hay+ Cyay ~v`ki`~ày iakyx`xspck lo foychc sko yùl`ho islxsvo avgok`}oiàkol+

âv axva loha, y` layzolavcy ka yak iaeskìohay hc eokcvo~cvx`kckxc p y`yxceïxìo, cy iaea y` ka cr`yx`cvok+ Isokhacyxay zolavcy ka cyxïk aveoleckxc hc k`hay p ~voixìohay



7:

ck iakhsixoy, loy avgok`}oiàkcy xcve`kok oyse`ckha`kxs`x`zoeckxc lo islxsvo hc ysy låhcvcy+

Y` lay låhcvcy x`ckck fsckay a eolay bïf`xay cy axvo iayo+ ^cvaisokha vaxok, iaea aisvvc cy~ciòleckxc ck lo ohe`k`yxvoi`ùk~ýflìo, lo islxsvo avgok`}oiàkol yc zsclzc esp `kcyxoflc+Iaea iakyciscki o, xý p pa vci`fèay ycvzìày ~ýflìay esphc i`ckxcy+

Loy `kyx`xsiàkcy ~ýflìoy qsc fv`khck o ysy e`cefvay

aveoi`ùk ~va cyàkol ck oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc, p o~vazcibck locr~cv`ckiò islxsvol hc avgok`}oiàkcy ka gsfcvkoeckxolcy a`kyx`xsi akcy ~v`zohoy cr`xayoy ck cyxo eoxcvò, ~schck boicvsko gvok h` cvckiò ~ovo lay i`shohokay p lo yai`choh+




77

@e~oixa ~ovo lo yai`choh

Ka cy ioysol qsc lay ~oåycy iak eopav iol`hoh hc z`ho xckgokecmavcy ycvzìày ~ýflìay p ecmav oxcki`ùk ol i`shohoka= layfckc iày qsc yc afx`ckck hcl fsck z`z`v ck iaesk`hoh yak`kiscyxàkoflcy+

Yafvc cyxa bop sk ioya esp ~ovxìslov qsc hcescyxvo la qsc~schc llcgov o aisvv`v isokha loy ~cvyakoy yc “ksxvck― skoy oaxvoy iak fscko oxcki`ùk, iak cl ilova ~va~ùy`xa hc lagvov skocriclckxc iakz`zckiò iaesk`xovò+

Yc xvoxo hc sk ~cqscÿa p eahcyxa ~scfla ol cyxc hcl cyxoha^ckkyplzokò, SYO, lloeoha Vaycxa+ Jsc skhoha ck ?226 ~av`ke`gvokxcy ~vaichckxcy hc sko olhco `xolòko iak cl e`yeakaefvc+

Cl “C cixa Vaycxa― iaeck}ù o iakaicvyc ck cl eskha gvoiòy o

loy `kzcyx`goiàkcy hc lay ~va cyavcy hc lo Sk`zcvy`hoh hc Adlo%baeo, Yxcwovx Wal p Mabk Fvsbk+ Olgskay hc lay hoxay yafvccyxc ~scfla yak zcvhohcvoeckxc yav~vckhckxcy= âv cmce~la,hsvokxc 3> oÿay =

… K`kgýk vaycxoka eckav hc 33 oÿay esv`ù ~av oxoqsc ol

iavo}ùk k` eayxvù k`kgsko ck cvechoh iovhà%zoyislov+

… Cl ~avickxomc hc vaycxokay eopavcy hc :3 oÿay iak ckjcvec%hohcy hcl iavo}ùk sc yùla lo e`xoh hcl vcyxa hc SYO+

66



72

… Ys åkhìc hc eavxol`hoh xoef`àk cvo lo e`xoh hcl hc lay~scflay zci`kay, p lo eopavåo ollciåo ~av zcmc}+

… Ka iakaiåok lay ysì`hày, cl oliabal`yea a lo ohìi`ùk o loyhvagoy+

… Lay vaycxokay xoef`àk hcyiakaiåok iae~lcxoeckxc clhcyce~lca p loy ýlicvoy cyxaeoiolcy+

… Xckåok ioy` icva hc ivè`kol`hoh+

âv ys~scyxa, Wal p Fvsbk, eàhìa p yai`ùlaga vcy~cix`zo%eckxc, cr~lavovak zovòy b`~ùxcy`y yafvc cl av`gck hcl kaxavàf`ckcyxov ialcix`za ck Vaycxa+

^vècva yc h`cvak isckxo hc qsc lo yolsh hc lay vaycxokay ka

cvo sko iakycisckiò hc ys h`cxo hòvò+ Bof`xsoleckxc iaeåokesiboy gvoyoy p hslicy+

Ohceïy, koh`c ck cl ~scfla ~voixìofo pago k` boiåo cmcvi iàyocvùfìay+ âv cl iakxvovà, seofok esiba p sko fscko ~ovxchc lo gckxc cvo esp afcyo+

±Ckxakicy cvo sk oyskxa gckàxìa1+++ Xoe~aia+ Lay`kzcyx`gohavcy voyxvcovak ck axvay lsgovcy o `ke`gvokxcy hcl




70


e`yea ~scfla hc @xolò p cyxay ka ga}ofok hc lo e`yeo yolshqsc ysy ~o`yokay hc ^ckkyplzokò+

±Ycvåok loy iovoixcvåyxìoy gcagvï ioy hc lo }ako a hcl ~scflala qsc av`g`kofo cyay k`zclcy hc f`ckcyxov1 O yùla 3 d`lùecxvayhc h`yxokiò bop hay ~scflay zci`kay, Fokgav p Ko}ovcxb+Yak esp yè`lovcy o Vaycxa+ Ysy ~aflohavcy xoef`àk yak`ke`gvokxcy csva~cay esp xvofomohavcy+ ^cva lay `k avecyeàhìay escyxvok qsc xckåok 9 zcicy eïy ollciè`ckxay ~avck cvechohcy hcl iavo}ùk+

Ckxakicy Wal p Fvsbk iaeck}ovak o hovyc isckxo hc skoy~cixa qsc ka cvo afzà= Cl olxa yckx`ha hc`kxcgvoi`ùkiaesk`xovò qsc xckåok lay vaycxokay p lo aveo ck qsc ycxvoxofok p fv`khofok oxcki`ùk ckxvc cllay e`yeay+

âv cmce~la, ckiakxvovak qsc xckåok 66 avgok`}oiàkcy iåzìoy+La isol cy esp vclczokxc, xvoxïkhayc hc sk ~scfla hc eckayhc 6 e`l ~cvyakoy+

Ck lo eopavåo hc lay bagovcy z`zåok 9 gckcvoiàkcy pislx`zofok sk gvok vcy~cxa ~av lay okiòkay+

Lo z`ho yaiòl ck Vaycxa cvo esp `kxckyo p lo vcl`gàyo xoef`àk+Ysy ~aflohavcy bofåok ivcoha sko ~ahcvayo cyxvsixsvoyaiòl qsc lay ~vaxcgåo hc loy xå~ìoy ~vcyàkcy hc lo z`ho



2?


Cl “C cixa Vaycxa― cy sko iakycisckiò yaiòl iakivcxo hcv`zohohc hovlc y`gk` iohay ~ay`x`zay o z`z`v ck iaesk`hoh, ckialcix`za, ck cqs`~a+ Z`z`v ck skoiaesk`hoh iakyal`hoho ~va~aviàko eïy yolsh p iol`hoh hc z`ho o ysy `kxcgvokxcy+

Cy la e`yea qsc o veà ck cl io~åxsla : hc cyxc l`fva, ~cva hceokcvo ialcix`zo+ Oxckhcv f`ck cy sk “fsck kcgaià― ~ovo xsyolsh p f`ckcyxov+ A ck ~olofvoy eïy yè~lcy= Y` opshoy o axvayoxckh`àkhalay f`ck xc opshoy o x` e`yea+

^cva cl è~oixa hc cyxa, y`k hshoy, x`ckc sk oliokic esibaeopav= Y` lo yai`choh lc fv`kho fscko oxcki`ùk o ysy e`cefvaygckcvo sko islxsvo hcf`ckcyxov ialcix`za +

Cyxo vcjcr`ùk ec llczo o iaky`hcvov sk fckc ià yaiàlùgìaohìàkol= hcyhc sk ~skxa hc z`yxo hc iaesk`hoh p

iakz`zckiò, lo fscko oxcki`ùk ~schc ycv xoef`àk sk zolavè~låi`xa ck cl vcy~cxa boiò lay ~skxay hc z`yxo h` cvckxcy+ Ckiakycisckiò, yc ~ahvåo hci`v qsc loy yai`chohcy qsc islx`zoksko islxsvo hc xalcvokiò xoef`àk oe~låok ysy vcisvyayp a~avxsk`hohcy hc iakz`zckiò+ âv cya yak io~oicy hc~vahsi`v eïy f`ckcyxov p iol`hoh hc z`ho o eïy ~cvyakoy+

ôvo ~va skh`}ov cyxc xceo, xc ysg`cva qsc lcoy lo `kxvahsii`ùkhcl l`fva hc Eoliale Glohwcll, “Lay Jscvo hc Ycv`c― "Xåxsla



26

av`g`kol ck `kglày= Asxl`cvy)+ Cy sk criclckxc vcyseck yafvc “cle`yxcvà― hcl ~scfla Vaycxa+

Y` qs`cvcy eïy `k aveoi`ùk yafvc loy `kzcyx`goiàkcy hc MabkG+ Fvsbk p Yxcwovx Wal àyxay yak ysy l`fvay= Xbc Vaycxa Yxavp p Xbc âwcv a Ilok= Xbc @k sckic a Bseok Vcloxàkyb`~y ak Bcovx H`ycoyc+

Xoef`àk ~schcy zcv ioyay iaesk`xovày yè`lovcy ol hc Vaycxack axvoy ~ovxcy hcl eskha, ck cl l`fva hc Hok Fscxxkcv, Flsc

]akc , a ck ys y`xà wcf bxx~=!!www+flsc}akcy+iae+

Fscxxkcv xoef`àk x`ckc sk `kxcvcyokxc z`hca ck XCH+iae yafvciùea z`z`v ?>> oÿay= bxx~=!!f`x+lp!i:gZBa




29

Lo ysyxckxof`l`hoh hcl kcgaià

O la lovga hc cyxoy ~ïg`koy bc fsyioha eayxvovxc qsc oxckhcvil`ckxcy ovxåyxìoeckxc, iak criclckiò p ~va cyàkol`yea, cy skkcgaià y`k hcy~cvhìà+ Xokxa ~ovo ~cvyakoy, iaea ce~vcyoyc `kyx`xsiàkcy ~ýflìoy, gvokhcy a ~cqscÿoy+

@kilsy`zc, lo yai`choh x`ckc esiba qsc gokov y` ecmavolo iol`hoh hc iakz`zckiò hc ysy `kxcgvokxcy, ck hakhc looxcki`ùk ckxvc loy ~cvyakoy cy ska hc lay ~`lovcy ilozcy+

^cva iaea ck xaha kcgaià, ±isïlcy yak lay ~v`ki`~olcyafyxïislay ~ovo lagvov eokxckcvla ck cl x`ce~a1

Hcy~sày hc bofcv xvofomoha iak ickxckovcy hc ce~vcyoy phcickoy hc e`lcy hc ~cvyakoy yafvc cl xceo ck loy ýlxèoyhàiohoy, ivca qsc bop hay x`~ay hcfovvcvoy islxsvolcy ~ovo clkcgaià hc lo oxcki`ùk ovxåyxìo hc lay il`ckxcy=

?+ Afyxïislay crxcvkay o loy avgok`}oiàkcy, vcloiàkohay iakh`yxavyàkcy hc la qsc vcoleckxc y`gk` io lo fscko oxcki`ùk+

6+ Afyxïislay ~va~ày hc sko eckxol`hoh gcvckiòl qsc lciscyxo iae~vckhcv qsc yc xvoxo hc sk oyskxa islxsvol+

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28

Afyxïislay crxcvkay o loy avgok`}oiàkcy=

Yak ~vcmsìày a iae~lcmay qsc `kjspck hc eokcvo kcgox`zock lo oix`xsh hc olgskoy ~cvyakoy isokha hcfck oxckhcvil`ckxcy+

_s`}ïy ~av ~aio osxacyxèo, a yè~lceckxc ~av xckcv sko~cvyakol`hoh eïy `kxvazcvx`ho, bop qs`ckcy ~`ckyok qsc ka~schck fv`khov fscko oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc ~avqsc ka yak esp“cy~akxïkcay―, “iov`yeïxìay― a “laisoicy―+

Axvay xoef`àk yc ~v`zok hc oxckhcv hc eokcvo cy~ciòl oaxvoy ~cvyakoy, ~avqsc ~`ckyok qsc yc xvoxo hc sk xvofomaycvz`l , a hc “y`vz`ckxcy―+

@kilsy`zc, bop qs`ckcy ivcck qsc hcy~sày hc bofcv vcol`}oha

cyxshày sk`zcvy`xovày a hc eopav k`zcl, cl oxckhcv il`ckxcyys~akc xckcv qsc “hcyickhcv― iaea ~va cyàkolcy+

Ck cyxay ioyay yc ~schc zcv qsc bop sko `kohcisoho`kxcv~vcxoi`ùk hclo ce~oxåo p ys oliokic, oyå iaea skilova hcyiakaiè`ckxa hc qsc lo oxcki`ùk ~va cyàkol hclay il`ckxcy ka x`ckc qsc zcv iak lo ~cvyakol`hoh hc qs`ck lo~va~aviàko, y`ka iak ys z`y`ùk hc yå e`yea iaea ~cvyako phc ys xvofoma+




23


Ivccv qsc lo criclckiò ck lo oxcki`ùk p cl ycvzìà y`gk` iol`yakmoy, ycvz`l`yea a yse`y`ùk, hcescyxvo sk hcyiakaiè`ckxakaxavà hcl ~va~ùy`xa hc lo oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc iaea ovxcys~vcea= xvokye`x`v o~vcià zcvhohcva ~av loy ~cvyakoy c`kjs`v ~ay`x`zoeckxc ck clloy hïkhalcy la ecmav hc kayaxvaye`yeay+

Ycvz`v o loy ~cvyakoyiak ~lck`xsh , hc eokcvo cy~làkh`ho,ka kay boic y`vz`ckxcy y`ka ~va cyàkolcy crxvoavh`kovày pkay iakz`cvxc ck ecmavcy ycvcy bseokay+ Loy ~cvyakoy qsc

yofck oxckhcv o lay il`ckxcy iak oix`xsh ovxåyxìo iakaickla qsc gokok o xvozày hc ioho oixa hc fscko oxcki`ùk+Clloy x`ckck iaki`ckiò hc qsc kayaxvay e`yeay kay~va~aviàkoeay criclckiò isokha oxckhceay o lay hceïyiak ~va cyàkol`yea p ovxc+

@gsoleckxc,lay ~vcmsìàyhc i`cvxay il`ckxcy xoef`àkskiàkok iaea afyxïislay+ Bop xokxo eolo oxcki`ùk ckxokxay lsgovcy qsc esibo gckxc, isokha vci`fck oxcki`ùkovxåyxìo, ka iak o ck lo y`kicv`hoh p bakcyx`hoh hc lo e`yeo+

Ck iakycisckiò, esiboy hc loy ~cvyakoy qsc ox`ckhck yc`kb`fck hc xckcv eïy `kìòx`zo= ka qs`cvck iavvcv cl v`cyga hcqsc sk il`ckxc yay~cibc hc ys bakvohc} p xcve`kok xvoxokhao ysy il`ckxcy iak `kh` cvcki o p oy~cvc}o+ Ioe`ka ~av cl isol looxcki`ùk ovxåyxìo ka llcgo kskio o ycv sk criclckxc kcgaià+



2:

Afyxïislay `kxcvkay hc loy avgok`}oiàkcy=

Cr`yxc sko eckxol`hoh gcvckiòl qsc cy~cvo iakycgs`vce~lcohay qsc ox`ckhok f`ck ~avzaioi`ùk , hc eokcvo“cy~akxïkco―, a qsc xvo`gok cyo iae~cxckiò aveoho hcyhcys ioyo+

Iak cyxc ck aqsc, loy avgok`}oiàkcy ka yc hok isckxo hcysy a~avxsk`hohcy ~ovo islx`zov skoislxsvo hc oxcki`ùk , p yc~vahsick esiboy h`yxavyàkcy+

âv cyxo e`yeo vo}ùk, iak vcisckiò ckiakxvoeay qsc loy~cvyakoy qsc eokx`ckck eïy iakxoixa h`vcixa iak lay il`ckxcy,"ck lay ~`yay hc zckxo, ck loy iomoy hc ~oga, ck lay ickxvay hcoxcki`ùk xclc ùkìo a ck lo vcic~i`ùk hc loy ce~vcyoy), yak loyeckay aveohoy ck eoxcvò hc oxcki`ùk ~va cyàkol a yak loy

qsc vci`fck lay yolovày eïy fomay +

Ck axvay ioyay, bop sko z`y`ùk esp iavxa~loi`yxo a esp ~oviòlhc lo aveoi`ùk ~va cyàkol, p loy ce~vcyoy yùla vcol }ok isvyayyafvc oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc qsc ~vcxckhck skiàkov iaeazoiskoy hc “fscko oix`xsh―+ ^cva, lay c cixay hc cyay cy scv}ayysclck ycv esp lè`xohay p yc h`lspck iak vo~`hc}+ Ka zck iakilov`hoh qsc lo islxsvo avgok`}oiàkol è~oixo h`vcixoeckxclovckxof`l`hoh + Ck iakycisckiò, esiboy ce~vcyoy kaoyseck loy cr`gckiòy hc lo oxcki`ùk iaea sk vcxa gcvckiòl




27


~ovo iakyxvs`v ys ~va~ò islxsvo p, ~av la xokxa, sk oyskxacyxvoxàgìa% koki`cva, hc lovga ~lo}a+

Bop qsc xckcv ~vcyckxc qsc islx`zov sko islxsvo avgok`}oiàkolhcxcve`koho hc~ckhc hc sko ilovo `kxcki`ùk hcol`kcov ckxàve`kay ~vïixìay lo e`y`ùk "~va~ùy`xa cyckiòl) iak lo z`y`ùkhc sxsva "ecxoy), iak lay afmcx`zay cy~ciå iay hcl kcgaià pysy zolavcy "ivcckiòy cyckiòlcy p iakhsixoy cy~cvohoy)+

Ck cyxc yckx`ha, lo ysyxckxof`l`hoh hc sk kcgaià iaea cl

hc lo fscko oxcki`ùk vcqs`cvc hc sk osxàkxìa iae~vae`ya~av ~ovxc hc ysy låhcvcy ~v`ki`~olcy, ~ovooyè`lov ksczay ~ovoh`geoy hc kcgaià p gcvckiò yafvc=

… Lo oxcki`ùk o lay il`ckxcy `kxcvkay4

… Cl ckxvckoe`ckxa iaea kcgaià4 p

… Lo ys~cvz`y`ùk iaea ycvzìà+

Ck axvoy ~olofvoy, àyxay yak lay 9 vcxay eïy è~avxokxcy~ovo aveov skoislxsvo avgok`}oiàkol av`ckxoho boiò locriclckiò ck lo oxcki`ùk p cl ycvzìà ol il`ckxc+

Zcoeay cyxay ksczay ~ovoh`geoy ck hcxollc+++



22

ôvoh`geo ?= Lo oxcki`ùk o lay il`ckxcy `kxcvkay

±Ck xs avgok`}oi`ùk cr`yxc cl iae~vae`ya hc hov o layce~lcohay lo e`yeo iol`hoh hc oxcki`ùk qsc yc lcy cr`gc xckcviak lay il`ckxcy crxcvkay1

E`ckxvoy eïyiabcvckiò p iaky`yxckiò bopo ck lo oxcki`ùko il`ckxcy crxcvkay c `kxcvkay, eïy yùl`hay ycvïk lay zolavcyqsc hok ysyxckxof`l`hoh o lo islxsvo hc sko avgok`}oi`ùk+Y` lay il`ckxcy `kxcvkay ka yc ialaiok ck cl e`yea k`zcl hc

è~avxokiò qsc lay crxcvkay, ka bop eokcvo hc islx`zov skoislxsvo hc criclckiò ~va cyàkol+

Cyxc ~ovoh`geo è~lìo iakxov iak sk ~lok aveol hcecviohca boiò cl `kxcvàv hc lo avgok`}oi`ùk+ Ys ~va~ùy`xacy “zckhcv― lay fckc iày hc oyse`v p z`z`v hòvòeckxc lay

zolavcy cy~ciå iay qsc ~cve`xck ol xolckxa bseoka ise~l`v loe`y`ùk hc lo ce~vcyo, oliok}ov ys z`y`ùk hc sxsva p lagvov ysyafmcx`zay koki`cvay+

Loy ce~vcyoy iak ilovoy cyxvoxcgòy hc criclckiò ck looxcki`ùk o lay il`ckxcy `kxcvkay, lagvok qsc ysy ce~lcohayy`ckxok ~oy`ùk ~av ys xvofoma, ~av ys avgok`}oi`ùk, ysyeovioy p ysy låhcvcy, ol e`yea x`ce~a qsc hcyovvallok=




20


… Skoz`y`ùk hc ycvz`v p opshov o loy ~cvyakoy iaea sk oyskxahc z`ho, eïy ollï hc la lofavol+

… Eopavh`y~ayì`ùk ~ovo a~xov ~av sk ecmav hcyce~cÿaiaea ~ovxc hc lo vcol`}oi`ùk ~cvyakol p ~va cyàkol+

… Eïyhcyxvc}oyhc iaeskìoi`ùk, ya~avxc, oxcki`ùk pycgsè`ckxa4

… Eïyiaki`ckiò hc ys vcy~akyof`l`hoh `kh`z`hsol ck lo

iakyxvsii`ùk hc cqs`~ay hc olxa hcyce~cÿa4 p

… Eïyilov`hoh yafvc cl zolav ciakùeìa hc ys xvofoma iax`hòka+

Iak cyxc yckx`ha,lo oxcki`ùk hc lay il`ckxcy `kxcvkay hcfc ycvz`yxo iaea=

… Sko cyxvoxcgò ~ovo ~vaeazcv zolavcy hc criclckiò ckxvc layce~lcohay p ~ovo oliok}ov `khìohavcy hc ysyxckxof`l`hoh ck clkcgaià

… Sko `kzcvy`ùk hc kcgaià "y`k hcy~cvhìà) ~ovo ajvcicv ycvzìàyeïy iae~cx`x`zay p ~ovo h`jcvckiòvyc ecmav hc lo iae~cxckiò4 p

… Sk ce~vckhè`ckxa gcvckiòl ~ovo iaycibov sk oef`ckxc hcxvofoma eïy ~vahsix`za p cy~ciòl+



0>

ôvoh`geo 6= Cl ckxvckoe`ckxa iaea kcgaià

±Bop h`y~ayì`ùk ck xs avgok`}oi`ùk ~ovo iakzcvx`v clckxvckoe`ckxa cksk zolav hc kcgaià, qsc cyxà `kxcgvoha o loa~cvoi`ùk hòvò hcl cqs`~a1

Cl iakic~xa xvohìàkol hc o~vckh`}omc, iaea eahcla hcohqs`yì`ùk hc ksczay iakaiè`ckxay, x`ckclè`xoiàkcy ck cl~vaicya hc aveoi`ùk yafvc oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc+

Oxckhcv f`ck o lo gckxc iak yckx`ha hc criclckiò, vcqs`cvcsko ckcvgåo p ivcox`z`hoh `kh`z`hsol qsc yùla ~schceokxckcvyc iak cl x`~a hc ~vïixìo qsc yc sx`l`}o ck cl ovxc pck lay hc~avxcy hc olxa hcyce~cÿa+ Cyxo z`y`ùk hc lo “~vïixìo―y`gk` io oyse`v lo h`yi`~l`ko hc i`cvxoy oix`z`hohcy iax`hòkoyhc ckxvckoe`ckxa ~ovo vc vcyiov bïf`xay fïyìay cyckiòlcy hc

fscko oxcki`ùk+ Cy iaea skoiol`yxckò eckxol ~ovo vciavhovecxoy p zolavcy cy~ciå iay+

Yc xvoxo hc cmcviìày ~ovci`hay o lay qsc ~voixìok loyvcl`gàkcy, o xvozày hc ysy v`xsolcy yceokolcy ~ovovox`jiov afmcx`zay p ~v`ki`~àyqsc skck o ys iaesk`hoh hc ivcpckxcy+

Lo fscko oxcki`ùk ol il`ckxc cy sko oix`z`hoh ~va cyàkol hc`kxcvoii`ùk iak ~cvyakoy, yaecx`ho o esiboy ~vcyàkcy p vìiàkcy + @e~lìo vsx`koy qsc x`ckhck o ~vahsi`v hcygoyxc




06

ôvoh`geo 9= Lo ys~cvz`y`ùk iaea ycvzìà+

Cl l`hcvo}ga gcvckiòl xvohìàkol x`ckhc o zolavov eïy cl lagvahc afmcx`zay qsc lo aveo hc oliok}ovlay+ âv cya cl xvofoma hcys~cvz`y`ùk ysclc xckcviakkaxoi`ùk hc iakxval p osxav`hoh+

Ka cy bof`xsol qsc lay ys~cvz`yavcy iakxce~lck x`ce~a ckysy ogckhoy ~ovo fv`khov aveoi`ùk “baefva o baefva―, aoicvioe`ckxa bseoka `kxcgvol, a hcyovvalla hczcvhohcvoiakjok}o iak ysy ys~cvz`yohay p ialcgoy+

Lay eahclay iakzckiàkolcy hc ys~cvz`y`ùk ka iakxce~lokol ys~cvz`yoha iaea sk il`ckxc, y`ka iaea sk ialofavohav+^cva cyxc ck aqscka lagvo ckickhcv lo ~oy`ùk lofavol hc layce~lcohay, y`ka hc eokcvo cric~iàkol+

Ck ioefà, lay ys~cvz`yavcy qsc iakickxvok ysy cy scv}ay ckislx`zov yslcg`xè`hoh p gckcvovosxays~cvz`y`ùk , oseckxokysyxokiòleckxc lo `hckx`hoh p lo ~vahsix`z`hoh ck ysy cqs`~ayhc xvofoma+

Isokha ck zc} hc `kxckxov iakxvalov, cl ys~cvz`yav yc av`ckxoo ~va~aviàkov ycvzìà, aveo lay zolavcy kcicyovày ~ovo qscysy ys~cvz`yohay yc osxays~cvz`yck iaea ~ovxc cyckiòl hc ysvcy~akyof`l`hoh lofavol+




09


Cy cyxc iakic~xa hc osxays~cvz`y`ùk la qsc msyxoeckxc lc hoysyxckxof`l`hoh ck cl x`ce~a o lo islxsvo, ~avqsc cyxa yùlaaisvvc isokha yc islx`zok p ckxvckok y`yxceïxìoeckxc zolavcyhc criclckiò ~cvyakol+

Lay ~ovoh`geoy hcl “iakxval― ka iae~vckhck qsc cll`hcvo}ga hclys~cvz`yav iaea ycvz`hav yc foyo ck clislx`za ~cveokckxc hc lo iak ok}o p cl eokcma hc cvvavcy ahcyzòiàkcy iak vch`vcii`ùk p h`yi`~l`ko ~ay`x`zo, la isol o yszc} avxolcic lo islxsvo hc lo osxays~cvz`y`ùk hc lay il`ckxcy

`kxcvkay+

Lo eopavåo hc lay ys~cvz`yavcy, ck xahay lay k`zclcy, ka yofckf`ck iùea yc eahclok zolavcy ck cl håo o håo p qsà hcfckboicv ~ovo xvokye`x`v loy iakhsixoy cy~ciå ioy qsc kcicy`xo yscqs`~a ~ovo xckcv àr`xa+

ôvo qsc lo islxsvo hc lo qsc cyxoeay boflokha yco skkcgaià ysyxckxoflc, lay ys~cvz`yavcy hcfck oyse`v iak ysyil`ckxcy `kxcvkay a ys~cvz`yohay lay e`yeay iae~vae`yayhc oxcki`ùk p ycvzìà qsc x`ckck iak lay il`ckxcy crxcvkay+Oyè`yea, hcfck ckiofc}ov cl ~lok hc ckxvckoe`ckxa hòvàiak ys cqs`~a hc xvofoma, cl isol lc ~va~aviàkovï yùl`hoy foycy"ivch`f`l`hoh p iak ok}o) ~ovo ys l`hcvo}ga+



08

O eokcvo hc c~ålaga

Xaeokha ck isckxo ys oe~lò cr~cv`ckiò ~va cyàkol ck cl esk%ha hc loy iaeskìoiàkcy, lo zaicvåo, lo gcvckiò hc iv`y`y hc èo%gck ~ýflìo p ys hczai`ùk ~av lo oix`z`hoh chsiox`zo, lc ~chå o e` cyxèoha oe`ga Jvoki yia Okhvày, "ecmav iakai`ha iaea “ôxr`―)sk fvczc c~ålaga yafvc cyxc l`fva, p bo xck`ha lo gckx`lc}o hc cyiv`%f`v loy y`gs`ckxcy låkcoy qsc ckv`qscick lo vc cr`ùk yafvc cl xceo=

Hc sko aveo ycki`llo p ~vogeïxìo, Msok Iovlay kay `lsyxvo ya%fvc cl fsck kcgaià qsc cy Oxckhcv il`ckxcy ovxåyxìoeckxc+Cy fscka ~ovo loy ce~vcyoy, ~ovo loy avgok`}oiàkcy yaiòlcy,

~ovo lo gckxc qsc fv`kho lo oxcki`ùk, p xoef`àk ~ovo loy os%h`ckiòy qsc lo vci`fck "il`ckxcy crxcvkay c `kxcvkay, ce~lco%hay, ~vazcchavcy, iaesk`hoh, osxav`hohcy, cxi+)

Ohceïy, cy fsck kcgaià ~avqsc cy ciakùeìa p c cix`za~ovo oseckxov xs f`ckcyxov ~cvyakol p xs vcxavka hc io~`xol ck

isolqs`cv `kzcvy`ùk vcloiàkoho iak ecviohca, vc~sxoi`ùk piaeskìoi`ùk+

Ilova cyxï, oxckhcv f`ck cy sk ovxc qsc bop qsc o~vckhcv p~voixìov+ Cy sko bof`l`hoh qsc yc hcfc islx`zov boyxo cl ~skxahc iakzcvx`vla ck sko islxsvo `kh`z`hsol hc lo criclckiò, lo isoly`ce~vc gckcvovï oe~lày fckc iày ~ovo qs`ck lo hcyovvallc plo eokxckgo ck cl x`ce~a+



03


Obavo qs`cva llczovlay esiba eïy ollï hc cyxoy o veoiàkcyyè~lcy p criclckxcy qsc kay iaeckxo Msok Iovlay ck ys l`fva+Ck cyxc yckx`ha, lcy ~`ha qsc ec ~cve`xok iaeckxovlcy lo~va skh`hoh crxvoavh`kovò qsc pa ckisckxva ckxvc ysy låkcoy+

Ck cl l`fva kay ~va~akc sko z`y`ùk eïy oe~lò hcl il`ckxcp ~lokxco qsc lo ecxo cy hovlc sko oxcki`ùk cric~iàkol oliaky`hcvovla“olgs`ck ck qs`ck xý qs`cvcy `k s`v ~ay`x`zoeckxc, ~avqsc xc è~avxo p ~avqsc cy sko oii`ùk qsc cyxèslo xs ~axckiòl ivcox`za―+

Lo ~olofvoil`ckxc ~vaz`ckc hcl loxåkil`cky , qsc y`gk` io ~vaxcg`ha+ Ohceïy,il`cky cy cl ~ovxì`~à oix`za hcilscvc , qsco ys zc} y`gk` ioaåv ycv lloeoha, aåv ycv vc~sxoha, ycv cyxèoha+

Ck Vaeo, lo ~olofvoil`cky xcve`kù h`yx`kgs`ckha o lay

baefvcy qsc llcgofok opshohay p ~vaxcg`hay ~av sk ~oxvì a "cl ~oxvaksy), qs`ck lay boiåo ~ovxc hc lo oe lò , p yc fv`khofoko~apa esxsa+

Ck hc k`x`zo, isokha is`hoeay, ~vaxcgceay p kay ais~oeayhc `kjs`v ~ay`x`zoeckxc ck kscyxva il`ckxc, cyxoeay~voixìokha cl is`hoha p lo ~vaxcii ùk hc kayaxvay e`yeay, p olo zc} `kjsèay hc eokcvo ~ay`x`zo ck kscyxva ckxavka+



0:

Isokha cyxïy vcoleckxc ~vcyckxc hsvokxc lo oii`ùk hcoxckhcv f`ck, iak ovxc, hchìoha o`k s`v ~ay`x`zoeckxc ,cyxïy ise~l`ckha iak cl okx`gsa `hcol gv`cga hc sk`v oCvay, clcy~åv`xs hcl oeav, iaky`qsc, cl oleo+

Isokha lc ~akcy oleo o xs xvofoma p o xs z`ho, po ka hc~ckhcycrilsy`zoeckxc hc la qsc yco xs xvofoma a xs cr`yxckiò, y`kaqsc xý llczoy cl cy~åv`xs hcl oeav o lo y`xsoi`ùk p lo xvoky aveoy~ay`x`zoeckxc, ~ovo x` p ~ovo lay qsc xc vahcok, ck sko afvo hcovxc hakhc xahay yc fckc iòk p h`y vsxok+

Cyxc ~vaicya cy lo ivcoi`ùk hc xaho sko z`ho p ce~`c}o ck cle`yea eaeckxa ck qsc hci`hcy ~akcvla ck eovibo+

Bc iaeckxoha ck zovòy a~avxsk`hohcy qsc cl o~avxc hcMsok Iovlay yafvc lo oxcki`ùk ovxåyxìo o lay il`ckxcy, vciag`ha

ck cyxc l`fva p ck cl okxcvàv " Ovxc Ys~vcea), cy yè`lov o la qsc~lokxcovak lay olqsè`yxoy ck lo okx`güchoh+

Cllay xaeofok sko ~vèo eoxcvò p lo boiåok ~oyov ~av skolovgo ycv`c hc ~vaicyay ~ovo xvoky aveovlo ck ava+

Ck cl xvokyisvya hc loy oycy kcicyovòy ~ovo oliok}ov cl ava ol%qsåeìa ’~vaicya qsc lloeofok Cl A~sy, cy hci`v,Lo Afvo’ clolqsè`yxo xoef`àk ioefòfo iaea ~cvyako, ckiakxvofo ys

O eokcvo hc c~ålaga



07


zaioi`ùk p lagvofo sko yckyoi`ùk hc ~lck`xsh, ckxsyòyea pyox`y oii`ùk, qsc iakyx`xsåoCl Ava hcl Oleo +

Ck cyxc yckx`ha, y` hcycoy boicv ecmavoy ck xs z`ho,fv`khïkhalc sk yckx`ha eïy ~va skha p ~lcka o xs xvofoma p oxs y`xsoi`ùk z`xol,ce~`c}o o ~voixìov lay ~cqscÿay ioefàyhc oix`xsh boiò xsy il`ckxcy qsc xc ysg`cvc Msok Iovlay ck cyxo~sflìoi`ùk, p iaefåkolay iak loy vczclohavoy 3> ~vïixìoy hcll`fva Ovxc Ys~vcea+

Ol cmcvi`xov loy vciaeckhoiàkcy ~vïixìoy qsc boicMsok Iovlay, yckx`vïy eopav ckxsyòyea ~va cyàkol p skoxvoky aveoi`ùk ~va skho hc xsy i`viskyxokiòy+ Ckiakxvovïyvo}akcy ohìàkolcy hc olcgvåo ck xs xvofoma p sko gcks`koeax`zoi`ùk ck esibay axvay oy~cixay hc xs z`ho iax`hòko+

Jvoki`yia “ôxr`― OkhvàyIovoioy, Kaz`cefvc 6>??



02

Vc cvckiòy f`flàgvïjioy

OLFVCIBX, Dovl "?002)+Ycvzìà ol il`ckxc kxcvka+ Eohv`h= Chìàkcy ô`hay@fàvìo+

FOLLOVH, Mè4 J@KIB, Jvch "6>>3)+Il`ckxceokåo+ Kskio cy hceoyòha xovhc ~ovoiakyxvs`v sko ce~vcyo ickxvoho ck cl il`ckxc+ Iovoioy= Gvs~a Ch`xavòl Kaveo+

FCIDW@XB, Bovvp "6>>3)+Ckoeavc o ysy il`ckxcy+ Iovoioy= Chìàkcy Svoka+

FLOKIBOVH, Dck "6>>2)+Yofcv p boicv + Iovoioy= Gvs~a Ch`xavòl Kaveo+

FLOKIBOVH, Dck4 FAWLCY, Ybclhak "6>>3)+Il`ckxcy `kiakhì akolcy "“Voz`kgoky―)+ Fagaxï= Gvs~a Ch`xavòl Kaveo+

FLOKIBOVH, Dck "6>>6)+F`ck bciba+ Cl ~ahcv hc loy vcloiàkcy ~ay`x`zoy+ Fagaxï=Gvs~a Ch`xavòl Kaveo+

FV@KDEOK, Vìd4 D@VYBKCV, Vìd "6>>:)+ Oeovïy o xsy il`ckxcy+ Eohv`h= ChìàkcyCe~vcyo Oix`zo+

IOÂHOGL@, F`ll "6>>:)+Xbc H`ykcp Wop+ Bovkcyy`kg xbc eokogceckx ycivcxy a H`ykcp k pasv iae~okp + SYO= EiGvow%B`ll+

IOVKCG@C, Holc "6>?>)+Iùea gokov oe`gay c k s`v ck loy ~cvyakoy + SYO=Z`kxogc "Vokhak Basyc)+

I@OLH@K@, Vafcvx4 GALHYXC@K, Kaob4 EOVX@K, Yxczc "6>>2)+ ¯Yå/ 3> Eahayiae~vafohay i`ckxåjioeckxc ~ovo ycv ~cvysoy`za+ Eohv`h= L`h Ch`xavòl+

IVOZCK, Vafcvx "6>>9)+Cl il`ckxc cy cl Vcp + Foviclako= Chìàkcy Gcyx`ùk 6>>>+

IVAXBCV, Ipkh` "6>>8)+Ioxib/ O jybeakgcv gs`hc xa gvcoxkcyy+ Yok Jvoki`yia=Fovvcx%Dacblcv ^sfl`ybcvy+



00


CL@OY, Maok "6>>>)+Il`ckxcy iakxckxay hc zcvhoh+ Ilozcy ~ovo iae~vckhcv oil`ckxcy p o sysovày+ Foviclako= Chìàkcy Gcyx`ùk 6>>>+

BCWOVH, Lpk "6>>:)+Lo eogò= Sko b`yxavò yafvc cl ~ahcv hc lo ivcox`z`hoh p loèog`koi`ùk + Eohv`h= Ce~vcyo Oix`zo+

M@ECKC], Msok Iovlay "6>?>)+ Ovxc Ys~vcea+ 3> vïixìoy hc fscko oxcki ùk ol il`ckxc+ Iovoioy= Iagvo Chìàkcy+

M@ECKC], Msok Iovlay "6>>2)+ Cl zolav hc lay zolavcy ck loy avgok`}oiàkcy+Iovoioy= Iagvo Chìàkcy+

M@ECKC], Msok Iovlay "6>?>)+ Oe~låo xsy a~avxsk`hohcy+ ovoh`geoy hc lo

eax`zoi`ùk ~cvyakol + Iovoioy= Iagvo Chìàkcy+

D@KK@, Xch "6>>9)+Fc asv gscyx= ^cv cix`kg xbc ovx a isyxaecv ycvzìc+ SYO= H`ykcpCh`xàky+

LSKH@K, Yxc~bck4 OSL, Bovvp4 IBV@YXCKYCK, Mabk "6>>?)+J`yb+ Foviclako=Chìàkcy Svoka+

E@XIBCL, Moid "6>>2)+ Ofvoic o ysy il`ckxcy+ Iovoioy= Kaveo+

YC@HEOK, Haz "6>>7)+Baw= wbp baw wc ha okpxb`kg ecoky czcvpxb`kg+++ kfsy`kcyy "okh `k l` c)+ Kcw Mcvycp= Mabk W`lcp * Yaky+

XBAE^YAK, Mè "6>>7)+ây`x`zc iaoib`kg `k o ksxybcll + Iol` avkò= Folokic Y~avx^sfl`yb`kg+



?>>

Yafvc cl osxav

Msok Iovlay Mèàkc} iaeck}ù ys cr~cv`ckiò~va cyàkol ck cl oÿa ?072 iaea h`ycÿohav gvï ia+Hcyhc ckxakicy yc bo hcyce~cÿoha iaeah`vcixav ivcox`za ck ce~vcyoy ch`xavòlcy, echàyhc iaeskìoi`ùk è~vcyay, cyxshày hc h`ycÿa pogckiòy hc ~sflì`hoh+

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