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िव ा परसारक मडळ, ठाण

मािसकाच नाव : िदशा

सपादक : डॉ. िवजय वा. बडकर

परकाशक : िव ा परसारक मडळ

परकाशन वषर : २००४

वषर : पाचव

अक : ५

पषठ : ४० पषठ

गणपितरका िव ा परसारक मडळाचया “गरथालय” परकलपातगरत िनिमती

गणपितरका िनिमती वषर : २०१०

गणपितरका करमाक : ८०

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4

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7

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8

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9

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10

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12

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13

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gwJßYM. emÛrOr m A‹`m`m]‘b EdT>M gmßJy Bp¿N>VmVH$s, VŒdkmZm¿`m A‰`mgH$mßZr edQ>¿`m Mma ÌbmH$mßMmEH$mJ´oMŒmmZ A‰`mg H$amdm. h õmH$ CÉ VŒdkmZmZ[na[yU© AmhV.

A‹`m` 1 V 6 EH$ IßS>. `mV Àd_≤ (Vy-Ord)[XmWm©M dU©Z Amb Amh. 7 V 12 VV≤ [XmW© ÂhUO‡À`JmÀ_m d [a_mÀ_m mßM E∑`dU©Z H$b Amh. oVgË`mIßS>mV 13 V 18 `mV ¡`m_wi H$V©•Àdmo^_mZ H$_r hmVmV Ia kmZ. ¡`mßZr H$V•©Àdmo^_mZ JdßVmbm A[©U H$bmVM bmH$ H$V•©Àdmo^_mZaohV hmD$ eH$VmV. ÂhUyZ edQ>r^JdßVM [arjH$ d JdßVM oZarjH$. Am[U ›`m`mYrehmD$ eH$V Zmhr. _r EH$Q>m Zmhr, _m¬`m]am]a Vm Amh.hr ^mdZm kmZmMr [a_mÉ pÒWVr Amh.

Ah_≤M gm¢X`© d V¤mam AmÀÂ`mM Xe©Z. eara\$mSy>Z V o_iUma Zmhr. m Ah_≤M gm¢X ©, Ï`Vm, _hŒdOmUyZ ø`m`bm hd. m Ah_≤_wiM gma OJ gwßXa oXgV.emÛrOr gmßJVmV, `m Ah_≤¿`m AmYmamZM ]w’r H$m_H$arV AgV. ÂhUyZ Ah_≤Mr H$Xa H$br [mohO. ¡`mjUr Ah_≤M gm¢X`©, ^Ï`Vm, _hŒd bjmV KD$ZÀ`mMjUr m Ah_≤_YyZM Am[Î`mbm AmÀ_Xe©Z hmB©bd mM Ah_≤_YyZ AmÀ_m oXgb BVH$m Ah_≤ gy _ hmVm.Ah_≤ R> dyZ ^JdßVmH$S> [mhU (ÂhUO oPaoParV]waª`m_wi ÛrM gm¢X`© dmT>V. H$[S>m AgyZ _wI oXgV)Ag [mh `mV Om AmZßX Amh Vm Ah_≤ EH$Í$[H$a `mV Zmhr. ¡`m ßMm Ah_≤Aem‡H$maMm Pmbbm AgVm VbmH$ Am‹`mpÀ_H$ hmV.

A‹`m` 14 dm \$ma_hŒdmMm Amh. oÃJwUmß[mgyZoZ_m©U PmbÎ`m g•Ô>rMr H$Î[Zm,JwUmßMm Am[Î`mdarb ‡^md d

À`mVyZ gwQ> `mMm gm[m _mJ© ¯m JmÔ>r `m A‹`m`mVgmßoJVÎ`m AmhV. JwUmVrVm¿`m `m A‹`m`mbm JwUmVM]wS>mbb Am[Î`mgmaI bmH$ H$m` ›`m` XD$ eH$Uma?ÂhUyZ H$di Z_ÒH$ma H$Í$`m. emÛrOr Xa A‹`m`m¿`medQ>r À`m A‹`m`mbm odZ_´[U Z_ÒH$ma H$Í$Z A‹`m`-‡dMZ gß[dVmV.

emÛrOr ÂhUVmV, ÒWyb —Ô>rZ 15 Ï`mA‹`m`mH$S> [mohb Va À`mV dJdJi [ßYam odf`^JdßVmßZr oZdS>bb AmhV. À`m gdm™Mm WmS>∑`mV[am_e© KVbbm Amh. bhmZ, [U AoVe` _hŒdmMmA‹`m`. gßgmamM o_WÀd, gßgma Vm[Ã` od_mMZmMmC[m`, ]´˜pÒWVrM oXΩXe©Z, OrdmoedmMm gß]ßY,OrdmMm OJmer gß]ßY, OrdmMr [wZamd•Œmr dJ°a dJ°aodf`mßMm `mV AßV^m©d Amh. emÛrOr ÂhUVmV, _wß]B©eha pÒWV‡kmMm AmXe© Amh. BWÎ`m MmirV EH$m Kar]mag Mmby AgV Va XwgË`m KamV ]mamd. BW H$mUmbm_Î`mM Xw:I ZgV H$s O›_Î`mMm AmZßX. ]w’r Ah_≤bm[H$Sy>Z ^mJe∫$sH$S> Z diVm kmZe∫$sH$S> dibr Va]wo’_mZ hmVm `V. Am[U AmÀ_gmjmÀH$mar Ïhmd dH•$VH•$À` Ïhmd, Ag gyoMV H$Í$Z ^JdßVmßZr hm [ßYamdmA‹`m` [wam H$bm Amh. EßOÎg, ]Q≠>m™S> agb, H$mßQ>, hJbdJ°a [m¸mŒ` VŒddÀ`mß¿`m _V_VmßVamMr gmXmhaU MMm©emÛrOtZr `mV H$bbr Amh. emÛ [´_mU _mZyZ OrdZMmbd. ^m°oVH$, Z°oVH$ d Am‹`mpÀ_H$ `m VrZhr

‡H$ma¿`m CfiVr gmY `mgmR>r H$m_, H´$mY d bm^`m[mgyZ od_w∫$ Ïhm`bm hd. od_w∫$ hmU ÂhUO_maU ZÏh, Ag JrVm gmßJV. H$m_mMm Zme H$Í$

ZH$m Va À`m H$m_mbm Xmg H$a,de H$a. gVamÏ`mV ]wo’dmX dl’m `mßM gmhM`©, gßH$bZ,Ï`dhmamV l’M ÒWmZ, l’MÒdÍ$[, l’m d oVM ‡H$ma, kmZ

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d l’m mßMm g_›d`. Aer godÒVa MMm© m A‹`m`mVH$bbr Amh.

emÛrOr ÂhUVmV, AmO ^JdmZ lrH•$ÓU [w›hmAmb Va ZÏ`m o[T>rbm Al’miy R>adyZ _mZIßS>Zm H$aUmaZmhrV [U _yI© _mÃ oZo¸V R>adVrb. Vw_¿`m[mgyZ OA[ojV Amh V Z H$aVm VwÂhr dJiM H$arV AmhmV.Vw_¿`mH$Sy>Z bIH$m¿`m bIUrbm Ò\w$aU MT>b AgOrdZ OJmd Aer A[jm Amh. VÈUtZmhr JdßV AgMgmßJVrb. Vw_¿`m D$_uZ VwÂhmbm Aer ‡aUm ⁄m`bmhdr H$s VwÂhr H$di A]bm Zmhr Va _ohbm AmhmV.VwÂhr ^m JXmgr Ïhm`bm O›_bÎ`m ZmhrV Va_ohfmgya_oX©Zr AmhmV, _hmb˙_r, _hmH$mbr,_hmgaÒdVr AmhmV. l’m d ]w’rMm CÀH•$Ô> _i KS>dyZAmUUmam hm A‹`m` OrdZm¿`m H$_m©¿`m ]m]VrV X°dr_mJ©Xe©Z H$arV Amh.

C[gßhmamÀ_H$ AR>amdm A‹`m`. gd© odf`mßMrEH$dm∑`Vm H$Í$Z gdmÉ og’m›V gmßJUmam A‹`m`Amh. XwgË`m A‹`m`mV odf` ‡de d `m A‹`m`mVodf`mMm g_mam[. Aem ‡H$maM Ag AÀ`ßV [’VerabIZ \$ma WmS> [hm`bm o_iV. Ò[›gaMr bIZ [’VrJrVgmaIr Amh, Ag emÛrOtM ÂhUU Amh.

AkmZ qH$dm Hß$Q>mim ÂhUyZ H$_ gmS>U `mbm jy–À`mJ ÂhUVmV. BVH$M ZÏh Va Agm À`mJ kmZmbm ]mYH$d AYmJVrbm ZUmam AgVm. ÂhUyZ Vwbm H$gbrhr JaOZgbr Var Vy H$_ H$arV amohb [mohO. hrM Va l>Vmhm`. H$mÂ` d oZ`VH$_m©Mm ›`mg H$Í$Z (oZÓH$m_ H$_©)H$_ H$aU, `mM Zmd gß›`mg. H$mÂ`H$_m©Mm À`mJ dodH$mgmÀ_H$ H$_ H$aU mM Zmd À`mJ. JdßV ÂhUVmVH$s, H$mÂ`mZm H$_©Umß ›`mgß gß›`mgß H$d`m odXw: $&

gd©H$_©\$bÀ`mJß ‡mh˛ÒÀ`mJß odMjUm: $&&18.2$&&

H$mÂ`H$_m©Mm À`mJ d odH$mgmÀ_H$ H$_ H$aU mM

Zmd À`mJ. `k, XmZ, V[ hr [odÃ H$_© AgÎ`m_wi VrH$Yrhr gmSy> eH$V Zmhrg. hr H$_ Vy H$brM [mohOV.(H$m`© _d VV≤) Ag Oma XD$Z gmßJVmV.

emÛrOr gmßJVmV H$s, bmH$ ÂhUVmV, H$_©H$a `m[jm am_Zm_≤ O[md. À`mV H$m` dmB©Q> Amh? À`mMCŒma ^JdßV 18.7 `m õmH$mV XVmV. Vw¬`mda `D$Z[S>bb H$_© Vy _mhmZ gmS>bg Va VwPm À`mJ hm Vm_gÀ`mJ hmB©b. (oZ`V H$_m©Mm À`mJ H$aU h ]am]a Zmhr.)JrVmM Ag hßQ>aM \$Q>H$ XD$ eH$V, Ag emÛrOrÂhUVmV. gd©M õmH$ BVH$ _hŒdmM AmhV H$s Am[UÀ`mda XmZ XmZ oXdg ]mbm`bm hd. [U Am[UqghmdbmH$Z H$arV AmhmV, ZmhrVa EH$m õmH$mdÍ$ZXwgË`mda OmVmM Amb ZgV. oVWM ]gyZ amhmd Ag_m¬`m _ZmV V. BVH$ h _hŒdmM d ‡^mdr õmH$ AmhV.

JrVm hr gm_m›` bmH$m ßgmR>r Amh. _hmZJrVm hr gm_m›` bmH$m ßgmR>r Amh. _hmZJrVm hr gm_m›` bmH$m ßgmR>r Amh. _hmZJrVm hr gm_m›` bmH$m ßgmR>r Amh. _hmZJrVm hr gm_m›` bmH$m ßgmR>r Amh. _hmZ[wÈfm ßH$naVm VH©$H$H©$e, JhZ Ag [wÓH$i J´ ßW[wÈfm ßH$naVm VH©$H$H©$e, JhZ Ag [wÓH$i J´ ßW[wÈfm ßH$naVm VH©$H$H©$e, JhZ Ag [wÓH$i J´ ßW[wÈfm ßH$naVm VH©$H$H©$e, JhZ Ag [wÓH$i J´ ßW[wÈfm ßH$naVm VH©$H$H©$e, JhZ Ag [wÓH$i J´ ßWAmhV. [aßVw JrVm gd©gm_m›` _mUgm¿`m H$_m©VAmhV. [aßVw JrVm gd©gm_m›` _mUgm¿`m H$_m©VAmhV. [aßVw JrVm gd©gm_m›` _mUgm¿`m H$_m©VAmhV. [aßVw JrVm gd©gm_m›` _mUgm¿`m H$_m©VAmhV. [aßVw JrVm gd©gm_m›` _mUgm¿`m H$_m©VVrd´Vm `mdr, dJ `mdm d À`m¿`m Amg∫$sH$S> dVrd´Vm `mdr, dJ `mdm d À`m¿`m Amg∫$sH$S> dVrd´Vm `mdr, dJ `mdm d À`m¿`m Amg∫$sH$S> dVrd´Vm `mdr, dJ `mdm d À`m¿`m Amg∫$sH$S> dVrd´Vm `mdr, dJ `mdm d À`m¿`m Amg∫$sH$S> d\$imH$S> bj OmD$ Z` Aer qh_V XV.\$imH$S> bj OmD$ Z` Aer qh_V XV.\$imH$S> bj OmD$ Z` Aer qh_V XV.\$imH$S> bj OmD$ Z` Aer qh_V XV.\$imH$S> bj OmD$ Z` Aer qh_V XV.

emÛrOr ÂhUVmV H$s, odkmZ BVH$ ‡JV Pmbb,kmZ hm _mZdmMm [wÈfmW© Amh. `modf`r _r _mZdm¿`m[wÈfmWm©bm H$_r bIV Zmhr. _mZdm¿`m [wÈfmWm©bm[yOZr`M _mZm`bm hd. [U `m emYm¿`m _mJ X°dmMr,Abm°oH$H$ ‡_i VŒdmMr B¿N>mM [mR>rer Amh. "X°dßM°Ãmd [ßM_`' odkmZ dmT>md d _mUgmßZr EH$_H$mßM gwI[hmd Aer B©úar B¿N>mM hmVr. ÂhUyZ OÂg d∞Q>Z ]mÓ[e∫$sMm em Y 14 Ï`m dfu bmdbm. ›`yQ >ZZJwÈÀdmH$f©UmMm, amB©Q>> ]ßYyßZr od_mZmMm emY bmdbm AgemÛrOtZm dmQ>V. _mUgm¿`m ‡`ÀZmß¿`m [mR>rer À`m¿`m[wÈfmWm©[jm H$mhr dJiM VŒd Amh. g•Ô>rZ Am[broH$À`H$ ahÒ` J∞obobAmbm, _mH$mZrbm gmßoJVbr

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AgVrb, ÂhUyZ _mH$mZrZ dmàbgMm emY 19 Ï`m dfubmdbm, J∞obobAmZ gmimÏ`m dfu Xwo]©UrMm emYbmdbm. Am[Î`m kmZúamß‡_mU [aXemVhr Ag [yOZr`kmZúa Pmbb AmhV. gmßJ `mM VmÀ[`© BVH$M H$s_mUgm¿`m ‡`ÀZmß¿`m [mR>rer EH$ AqVo–` e∫$s Amh.`mV _mUgmM ‡`ÀZ Va AmhVM. [U _mZdr ‡`ÀZmß¿`m[mR>rer h gd© odkmZmM \$m`X ø`m, Ag gmßJUmarAqVo–` e∫$s Amh. Vr Aem‡H$ma X°dß M°Ãmd [ßM_`≤Mm_hmZ≤ og’m›V ^JdßVmßZr gmßoJVbm Amh. _r \$∫$ X°d‡ma„YmbmM _mZVm Ag EIm⁄mbm dmQ>b. [aßVw Vg Zmhr.odH$mgmW© H$_ H$a `mV [wÈfmWm©bm ‡mYm›` d X°dmbmJm°U ÒWmZ Amh. ¡`mdir OrdZmV gwI-Xw:I VmV À`mVX°dmMm ‡_wI dmQ>m d [wÈfmW© Jm°U, [m[[w `m¿`m ]m]VrV[wÈfmW© ‡_wI d X°d Jm°U, Ag ‡mßOi[U oddMZ H$Í$ZX°d d [wÈfmW© `mgß]ßYr hÑr gwÍ$ Agbbr JS>]S> dJm|Yi H$_r H$a `mMm ‡`ÀZ H$aVmV.

emÛrOtZr _Y _Y gwßXa —Ô>mßV, Ï`dhmamVbrM[Ib ]gUmar CXmhaU, oddMZ, MMm© `m ßMr‡dMZmß_‹` _I_br [IaU H$bbr Amh. À`m_wiA‹`mÀ_mgmaª`m JhZ odf`mMr p∑bÔ>Vm, JyT>, JhZVmOmUdV Zmhr. AmVm hM dmZJrXmIb CXmhaU [hm -JrVm hr ]∞Q>ar Amh. H$mUr ÂhUb ]∞Q>arMm ‡H$meH$mUr ÂhUb ]∞Q>arMm ‡H$meH$mUr ÂhUb ]∞Q>arMm ‡H$meH$mUr ÂhUb ]∞Q>arMm ‡H$meH$mUr ÂhUb ]∞Q>arMm ‡H$meoH$Vr [mhmMb ! eßâ \w$Q>m[`™V _bm Om`M Amh.oH$Vr [mhmMb ! eßâ \w$Q>m[`™V _bm Om`M Amh.oH$Vr [mhmMb ! eßâ \w$Q>m[`™V _bm Om`M Amh.oH$Vr [mhmMb ! eßâ \w$Q>m[`™V _bm Om`M Amh.oH$Vr [mhmMb ! eßâ \w$Q>m[`™V _bm Om`M Amh.]∞Q>ar ÂhUV, Vy _yI© Amhg. Aa Mmby bmJ. Vy]∞Q>ar ÂhUV, Vy _yI© Amhg. Aa Mmby bmJ. Vy]∞Q>ar ÂhUV, Vy _yI© Amhg. Aa Mmby bmJ. Vy]∞Q>ar ÂhUV, Vy _yI© Amhg. Aa Mmby bmJ. Vy]∞Q>ar ÂhUV, Vy _yI© Amhg. Aa Mmby bmJ. VyoOVH$m Mmby bmJerb À`m¿`m eßâ \y$Q> [wT> _roOVH$m Mmby bmJerb À`m¿`m eßâ \y$Q> [wT> _roOVH$m Mmby bmJerb À`m¿`m eßâ \y$Q> [wT> _roOVH$m Mmby bmJerb À`m¿`m eßâ \y$Q> [wT> _roOVH$m Mmby bmJerb À`m¿`m eßâ \y$Q> [wT> _rAmhM Ag g_OyZ Mmb. AmhM Ag g_OyZ Mmb. AmhM Ag g_OyZ Mmb. AmhM Ag g_OyZ Mmb. AmhM Ag g_OyZ Mmb. JrVMhr AgM Amh.

BW AOw©ZmMr kmZg_mYr d ^mdg_mYr bmJbbrAmh. \$∫$ AOw©Zmbm qH$dm AOw©Zmgmaª`m g_OyVXmabmH$mßZmM À`mMr qH$_V H$iUma ! ]mOmamV JrVm 25[°embm o_iV; [aßVw h JrVM Ia _yÎ` Amh H$m?OrdZmMm gd©Òd^md hM JrVM _yÎ`. ÂhUyZ ^JdßVmßZrAOw©Zmbm OmJ H$b, "Aa J•hÒWm ! CR> ! CR> ! À`mdir

hm _hmZ ^∫$ ^mZmda `Vm d V•·VMm T>H$a XV gmßJVm."ZÔ>m _mh... (18.73). AOw©Z [wÓH$i oR>H$mUr H$mhrZm H$mhrVar ]mbbm Amh. [U À`m õmH$mV odbjUJmS>dm Amh. hr ]w^wojVmMr ^mfm Zmhr, o^ÃQ>mMr ^mfmZmhr, H$mUÀ`mhr ‡H$maMr Ao^bmfm qH$dm _mJUrMr^mfm Zmhr. "ZÔ>m _mh:' ]g. Ibmg. BW JrVm [war hmV._r g_Obm _r H$mU Amh. AmVm _bm H$mUr MobV H$Í$eH$Uma Zmhr. hm õmH$M JrVM gma Amh.

JrVm mJúa H•$ÓUmMr Amh. Am[U EH$H$m AmirM_ZZ H$aV [mamÙ H$b Va \$maM gwßXa hmB©b. "`XÎ[V„Xh˛' ÂhUyZ EH$m AmirVM _mUyg OmJ•V hmB©b. EH$mAmirM [mamÙ H$aVmZm "Efm ]´m˜r pÒWVr:' [mWm©MmAZw^d ‡m· hmB©b. ‡À`H$ ÌbmH$$ Jm`bm bmJbm H$sÀ`m oR>H$mUr ^JdßVmMm Ao^Z` dJim Amh, ‡À`H$ÌbmH$mV À`mM Ad`d ]XbVmV, —Ô>r ]XbV AgdmQ>Î`moedm` amhUma Zmhr, Ag emÛrOtZr \$ma _mo_©H$oddMZ H$bb Amh.

‡À`H$ oR>H$mUr ^JdßVmM H$mhr Zm H$mhr \$Q>H$AmhV. V JmS> \$Q>H$ ImVm ImVm Oa JrVm dmMbr VaJrVM ew^\$i o_ib. IamIa À`mßZr Jmo`bb e„X_hŒdmM AmhV. V ^JdßVm¿`m Vm|Sy>Z oZKmbb e„X _r_m¬`m AmR>mVyZ H$mT>Vm, Ag _mUgmbm OÏhm dmQ>V VÏhmAmR>mbmhr JwXJwÎ`m hmVmV. ¡`m oR>H$mUr e„XmMr _mohZrAm[Î`mbm ^wbdV V e„X ¡`mdir `mJ `mJúamVH•$ÓUmV≤ gmjmV≤ - lr JdßVm¿`m _wImaqdXmVyZ oZKmbbAgVrb À`mdir ‡À`j e„X EH$UmË`mßZm H$m` ]a dmQ>bAgb? q]]mM h e„X AmhV, ‡oVq]]mM ZmhrV,N>m[bb h ‡oVq]] Amh. ‡oVq]]mV AmO Zmhr, ^mdZmhr, ˆX` Zmhr ÂhUyZ gmjmV≤ H$W`V: Òd`ß ÂhQ>bbAmhV.

h AOw©Zm ! ododY ‡H$maM MmßJb dmB©Q> md Vw¬`m

20

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"Ah_≤'da Òdma hmV AgVmV. À`mdir Vwbm dmMdUmamVwPm gßajH$ Xwgam H$mUr ZgyZ VwPm gßajH$ B©úa Amh.B©úa: gd© ^yVmZmß ˆXe@Ow©Z oV>oV $& h AOw©Zm ! VwPmAh_≤ À`m odew’ Ah_≤er EH$Í$[ H$bmg Va? OrdZAmÀ_odO`r d AmZßXr hmB©b.

emÛrOr ÂhUVmV, oH$À`H$ CWi bmH$ ÂhUVmVH$s, Sermons on the mount gmaIm JßW Om[ ™VAmh Vm[`™V JrVm Zmhr dmMbrV Va Mmbb. AemA∏$bey›` ]O]m]Xma bmH$mßZm Va Am[br pÒWVr(stage) H$m` Amh hM _mohVr ZgV ÂhUyZ Ag^bVM H$mhrVar ]mbV AgVmV. [U JrVm hr JrVmMAmh.

"AOw©Zm ! Vwbm H$m` gmßJy? h O kmZ Amh VAoVe` Jw¯ Amh. AmVm AmUIr H$mhr gmßJm`MamohbM Zmhr.' Ag ^JdßVmßZr gmßJyZ Q>mH$b. Ah_≤ hOrdmM edQ>M dÛ. OrdZ EH$H$ dÛ Q>mH$sV MmbbmAmh d À`mM Ah_≤ h edQ>M dÛ amohb Amh. ZæmoZ:gßJ ew’: h edQ>M dÛ gmS>U h Jw mV Jw V_≤ Amh.

JrVMm edQ>Mm C[Xe JdßV Oma XD$Z AOw©ZmbmgmßJVmV H$s, Om AmV Agbbm odew’ Ah_≤ Amh À`mbmVy eaU Om ! _J Vwbm [a_emßVrÒWmZ ‡m· hmB©b. JdmZlrH•$ÓU oH$Vr _hmZ ]w’roZ> AmhV ! _›`Zm d. AOw©Zm_m¬`m oR>H$mUr _Z R>d. _mPm hm. hm õmH$ H$mR>mH$mR>^md^∫$sZ âbbm Amh. "` AOw©Zm, Odi `. _bmoMH$Qy>Z ]g !' oH$Vrhr Odi Jbm Var AOyZhr Odi`mdm Ag dmQ>V AgÎ`m_wi JdmZ AmO©d H$arV AmhVAg `m õmH$mV dmQ>V. "AOyZ Odi `' hr pÒWVrgJwUmMr [amH$m>>m Amh. À`mZßVa oZJw©UmMr [amH$m>mg_OyZ XVmV. g©Y_m©flZ[naÀ`¡` _m_Hß$ eaUß dÓ $&18.66 gd©M C[mYr H$mTy>Z R>dU, hr pÒWVr ÂhUO oZJw©UAdÒWMr [amH$m>m hm`. ÂhUO hr Or pÒWVr Vr

gd©Y_m©Z [naÀ`¡`Mr Amh. Y_© gmSy>Z ⁄m ÂhUO qhXy,erI, oºÒVr, [maer, BÒbm_ h Y_©M ZÏhV. _mUgmMmEH$M Y_© Amh. Vm À`mbm oMH$Q>bbm "Òd', Vm H$mT>m`MmAmh. ¯m "Òd' _Y gma OJ Amb, gß[yU© ¤°V Amb. V"Òd' _Y Amh ÂhUyZ gd©M H$mTy>Z Q>mH$, Aer pÒWVrÂhUO [yU©V Mm AZw^d. hr pÒWVr jUâ OarAZw dm`bm o_imbr Var À`mbm H$mUÀ`mhr ‡H$maM [m[ZmhrM, Aem VËhZ oZJw©UmMr [amH$m>m gmßoJVbr.

`mZßVa [wT>Mr JmÔ> gmßJVm, Ag emÛrOr ÂhUVmVVr ^JdßVmMr dmUr d ^JdßVmM Í$[ `modf`r. À`mdir^JdßVmMr dmUr dJir hmVr d Í$[hr dJi hmV. À`mdir^JdmZ h ZßXmMm _wbJm ZßXbmb ZÏhV. OJV≤ ¡`mM_yb Amh Ag "dmgwXd'... odúmMm Òdm_r hmV ÂhUyZÏ`mgmßZr JrVV H$mR>hr lrH•$ÓU CdmM ÂhQ>bb Zmhr, AgV ^JdmZ CdmM Pmb. À`mMdir gd© e∫$s À`mß¿`moR>H$mUr AmodÓH•$V Pmbbr hmVr. ÂhUyZ À`mßM Í$[ ddmUr hr Abm°oH$H$ hmVr. gßO`mZ gßÒ_•À` gßÒ_•À` _rdS>m hmD$Z JmVm Amh, ZmMVm Amh. BVH$ gmßJyZ edQ>r‹`mZmV R>d `mgmaI ôdÓ` gmßJyZ Q>mH$b Amh. "`Ã`mJúa: H•$ÓUm Ã [mWm YZwY©a: $& VÃ lrod©O`m yoVYw©dmZroV_©oV_©` $&& 18.87 `m õmH$mZ.

gŒmOdi gÀ` OmV Zmhr. Varhr ¡`m¿`mg_maA[rb Zmhr À`m¿`m amOm Y•VamÔ≠>m¿`m Vm|S>mda gmßJ `mVOr oZ^©`Vm Amh Vr JrVm EHy$Z gßO`mV Ambr AmhAg dX Ï`mgmßZm gmßJm`M Amh. Ag emÛrOr ÂhUVmV,oZ^©`Vm hM JrVM \$obV Amh. JrVgmaIm Abm°oH$H$J´ßW ÂhUO Ã°bm∑`ZmWmZ KVbb gmH$ma Í$[. dmL≤>_`_yVu lrharMr. Am[bm AmÀ`ßoVH$, AmÀ_r`, bmS>H$m_wbJm Om AO©wZ À`m¿`mOdi X` _mH$i H$Í$Z À`mbmO gmßoJVb À`mM ahÒ` g_Om`bm bmH$mŒma ]w’r,Abm°oH$H$ l’m d X°dr ^md `m ßMr JaO Amh.Am_¿`mgmaI ]w’rZ [mßJi, l’Z Xw]i d mdmZ oT>b

21

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([mZ H´$. 8 dÍ$Z)

‡_wI [mh˛U S>m∞. aKwZmW _mebH$a `mßM‡_wI [mh˛U S>m∞. aKwZmW _mebH$a `mßM‡_wI [mh˛U S>m∞. aKwZmW _mebH$a `mßM‡_wI [mh˛U S>m∞. aKwZmW _mebH$a `mßM‡_wI [mh˛U S>m∞. aKwZmW _mebH$a `mßMXrjm›V ^mfUXrjm›V ^mfUXrjm›V ^mfUXrjm›V ^mfUXrjm›V ^mfU

Ag bmH$ À`mbm ›`m` Va XD$ eH$Uma ZmhrV. AmÂhrVm g_Oy eHy$ H$s Zmhr `mMrM eßH$m Amh. ÂhUyZ `mbmH$mŒma JßWmbm ‡Um_ H$Í$Z hr dmL≤>_` [yOm [war H$aVm,Ag emÛrOr odZ_´[U AIarbm ÂhUVmV. Vm À`mßMmodZ` Amh. dmÒVodH$ gmW© JrVm dmMU ÂhUO JrVmg_Obr Ag ZÏh. JrV¿`m õmH$m¿`m XmZ Amirß¿`m_Ybm mdmW© emÛrOr Om Am[Î`m ‡dMZmß_‹ CbJSy>ZXmIdVmV Vm bmOO]m] Amh. À`mbm VmS>> Zmhr. JdmZlrH•$ÓUmßZr gmßoJVbbr JrVm d À`mdaMr [.[y. emÛrOtMr‡dMZ ÂhUO gm›`mbm gwJßYM. À`mßM A\$mQ> dmMZ,AJmY kmZ d À`mbm gmYZMr Sy>] `m_wi À`mß¿`m‡dMZmßZm AZ›`gmYmaU _hŒd ‡m· Pmbb Amh. JrVmg_OyZ AmMaUmV AmUm`bm `m J´ßWmMr \$maM _XVhmB©b, Agm hm "JrVm_•V_≤' J´ßW VwÂhmbm ghO XwH$mZmVC[b„Y hmD$ eH$Uma Zmhr. Òdm‹`m` [nadmamVrbEIm⁄m Òdm‹`m`rH$Sy>ZM VwÂhmbm Vm o_iy eH$b. [UVgm Vm o_idU Ae∑` Zmhr, H$maU À`mßM Òdm‹`m`rOmJmOmJr AmhV. emÛr Xa A‹`m`mbm ‡Um_ H$Í$ZA‹`m` gß[dVmV. VgM _r ^JdmZ lrH•$ÓUmßZm, JrVbmd emÛrOtZm ‡Um_ H$Í$Z BWM Wmß]V.

Amem o^S>Amem o^S>Amem o^S>Amem o^S>Amem o^S>]r/9, odO` A[mQ>©_|Q>g≤,"AmamYZm' Q>m∞H$sOOdi,R>mU ([.) - 400 602.Xya‹dZr : 2541 0140

Vw_¿`m A[èmVyZ OmÒV oeHy$ eH$mb. ÂhUyZA[èmMm ]mD$ H$Í$ ZH$m. YmH$m [ÀH$am qH$]h˛Zm amÔ≠>r`[nadV©Zm¿`m YmaUmV Ym∑`mMm g_mde AmdÌ`H$MAmh.

H$mhr JmÔ>r R>m_[U gmßJyZ _bm _m¬`m ^mfUmMmedQ> H$aU AmdS> b. ôdÓ`H$mbrZ ^maVmgmR>rAm[Umbm VrZ JmÔ>r bjmV R>dm`bm hÏ`mV, BVH$M ZÏhVa AmMaUmV AmUm`bm hÏ`m. m VrZ JmÔ>r gßoj· Í$[mZTI `m gßkV ]mßYVm `Vrb. [ohbr JmÔ> Aer H$s, TI hrgßkm "qWH$ BßoS>`m'gmR>r Amh. Am[U ^maVmMm odMmaH$bm [mohO. Am[b odMma AmoU ^mdZm ^maVmerMoZJoS>V AgÎ`m [mohOV. H$mUrVar ÂhQ>Î`m‡_mUWTO bm ^maVmM CŒma WTI ÂhUOM "dwB© qWH$ \$m∞aBßoS>`m' h Agb [mohO. TI Mm Xwgam AW© Agm H$s,gß[yU© ^maV EH$gßYM Zmhr Va EH$gßKhr Amh. ÂhUyZ"Q>r_ BßoS>`m' hm odMma odgaVm H$m_m Z`. gßK^mdZZodMma AmoU H$m_ odZmgßKf© Pmb [mohO. [wT> Om `mgmR>rgVV PQ>b [mohO. TI ÂhUO "Q>mQ>b BZmÏheZ'Aggw’m g_Ob [mohO. gm_moOH$, d°YmoZH$ AmoUAmoW©H$ gßaMZm ]XbyZ Zh_r H$mhrVar dJi H$a `mMm‡`ÀZ Agbm [mohO. Am[U gdm™Zr EH$ _hŒdmMr ‡oVkmH$br [mohO H$s, BßoS>`mVrb "Am`' hm BZmÏheZ_Yrb"Am`' Pmbm [mohO. Oa Am[U "qWH$ BßoS>`m' ÂhUO^maVmMm odMma H$bm, "Q>r_ BßoS>`m' ÂhUO gßKd•ŒmrZH$m_ H$b AmoU "Q>mQ>b BZmÏheZ' ÂhUO ZdrZ H$m_H$a `mMr d•Œmr AßJr ]mUdbr Va _mPr [∏$s ImÃr AmhH$s, ^maVmM AÀ`wÉ ÒWmZ AQ>i AmoU AT>i amhrb !

aaaoZ o_V dmMm

22

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hÒVoboIVmßMr [aß[am dhÒVoboIVmßMr [aß[am dhÒVoboIVmßMr [aß[am dhÒVoboIVmßMr [aß[am dhÒVoboIVmßMr [aß[am d^maVmVrb hÒVoboIV gßJ´h H$aUmar J´ßWmb`^maVmVrb hÒVoboIV gßJ´h H$aUmar J´ßWmb`^maVmVrb hÒVoboIV gßJ´h H$aUmar J´ßWmb`^maVmVrb hÒVoboIV gßJ´h H$aUmar J´ßWmb`^maVmVrb hÒVoboIV gßJ´h H$aUmar J´ßWmb`

J´ßWmb`emÛ oZÓUmV [arjgmR>r gmXa H$a `mV AmbÎ`m gßemYZ ‡H$Î[mVrb H$mhr ^mJ. `m ‡H$Î[mgmR>rAM©Zm [wOmar `mßZm ‡m. _mhZ [mR>H$ `mßM _mJ©Xe©Z bm^b hmV. - gß[mXH$

_ZwÓ`‡m `mg oZgJ©V:M Ò_aUe∫$sMr OmS>o_imÎ`m_wi ‡mMrZ H$mim[mgyZ À`mZ Am[b kmZ[wT>¿`m o[T>Ámß[`™V [mhmMod `mM H$m`© H$bb Amh.`mgmR>r _m°oIH$ d oboIV Xm›hr [’VtMm À`mZ dm[aH$bm. (1) bIZH$bm AdJV hm `m[ydu _m°oIH$ [aß[a¤makmZmM OVZ H$b Jb. [aßVw _m°oIH$ [aß[amßM VmQ> bjmVAmÎ`m_wi _ZwÓ`mZ Am[Î`m ]wo’MmVw`m©Z bIZH$bMmemY bmdbm.

[ydu Om _gwXm oMaH$mb oQ>H$mdm Aer A[jm AgVm oebm, BoÔ>H$m$, gwdU©[Q>, Vm_´[Q>, o[Vi¿`m -H$me¿`m - bmIßS>m¿`m gmYZmßda obohbm OmB©. amO¿`mÏ`dhmamV dm[amd bmJUma gmohÀ` d kmZ VmS>[Ã,^yO©[Ã, bmH$S>r [mQ>r, ae_r H$m[S>, H$mVS>, H$m[S>,H$mJX BÀ`mXr gmYZmßda obohb OmB©. `moedm`H$_b[ÃmMm d ^yO©[ÃmßMm C[`mJ [ÃbIZmgmR>rH$Î`mMm CÑI H$mobXmgZ emßHw$Vb ZmQ>H$mV dHw$_magß^d H$mÏ`mV H$bm Amh. CJ´ d•jmMr gmbhrbIZmgmR>r dm[abr OmB©. M_©-[ÃmßMm odefV:]H$Ë`m¿`m H$mVS>ÁmMm C[`mJ maVm[jm wam[mV AoYH$Pmbm. Z[mi_‹ A⁄m[ H$mhr JßW JOM_m©da ZaÈoYamZobohbb gm[S>VmV. (2)

^maVmV bIZmgmR>r dm[abm OmUmam H$mJX d emB©h AÀ ßV CÀH•$Ô> XOm©M AgV. [ßYamÏ`m eVH$mV odXemVAem ^maVr` H$mJXmg d ^maVr` emB©g Iy[ _mJUrhmVr.(3) emB©_‹` ]m^ir¿`m qS>H$mMm dm[a H$Î`mZAja M_H$Xma oXg. ^maVm_‹` hÒVoboIVmßM bIZH$aU hrXIrb EH$ H$bm g_Obr OmB©. À`m_wi AoVe`H$Ô> KD$Z obohbbr hr hÒVoboIV OVZ H$aU _hŒdmM_mZb OmB©. maVmV [wamohV dJ©, H$m`ÒW dJ©, [mR>emim,amO d YoZH$ bmH$ `mßZr hÒVoboIVmß¿`m OVZmM H$m`©H$b.(4) mgmR>r H$mhr C[m` mOb OmV. hÒVoboIVmßZmD$Z XU, H•$_r-H$sQ>H$mß[mgyZ hÒVoboIVmßM gßajUH$a `mgmR>r dIßS>, H$mi oOa, H$m[ya AmoU o_ar `mßMo_lU H$Í$Z V H$m[S>r [waMwßS>rV ]mßYyZ hÒVoboIVmßdaR>dU.(5), YmVË`m¿`m [mZmß¿`m agmV dIßS> d H$migm`mßMr dÛJmi [yS> d WßS> [mUr EH$Ã H$Í$Z h o_lU[mWr¿`m [mZmg bmdyZ H•$_t[mgyZ hÒVoboIVmßM gßajUH$aU(6), hÒVoboIVmß¿`m [mZmß_‹` dmidr bmJy Z`

(1) ^≈>maH$, MmÈoH$Vu. "_∞›`wpÒH´$flQ>g≤ Q≠>∞oS>eZ' _mJ© (_mogH$)\$]´wdmar 1982 : [•. 25

(2) A`moMV, g. _m. "hÒVoboIVmßM gßemYZ, bIZ dgßajU' odX^© gßemYZ _ßS>i (dmof©H$) 1987 : [•. 148

(3) _ßS>[, Amem "od›S>mO Qy> X [mÒQ>', Q>mBÂg Am∞\$ BßoS>`m.28 Am∞∑Q>m]a 2000

(4) A`moMV g. _m. "CoZ [•.5

(5) ]bga, d.o^. "Xwo_©i J´ßWmßM gßajU'. gmohÀ` ghH$ma._mM© 1958 : [•. 6

(6) ob_`, od. Zm. "H$mhr YmH$mXm`H$ oH$S>r'. _w–U‡H$me.OmZdmar 1977 : [•. 3.

(7) VÃ°d. [•. 4

23

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`mgmR>r Vß]mIyMr [mZ KmbyZ R>dU(7), hÒVoboIVmßZm[mZmß_‹` H$garMm C[–d hmD$ Z` mgmR>r À`mV gm[mMrH$mV R>dU.(8) ]mîr¿`m qS>H$mMm qH$dm o[d˘`mAgoZH$Mm b[ XU(9), VmS>[Ãmdarb hÒVoboIVmßZmogQ≠>mZbm Vb bmdU B. C[m``mOZm H$Î`m OmV. AmOhrhÒVoboIVmß¿`m OVZmgmR>r odef H$miOr KVbr OmV,H$maU hÒVoboIVmVyZ o_iUmar _mohVr AoVeòdúgZr` g_Obr OmV. À`mMm [wamdm ÂhUyZ dm[a H$aVm`Vm. oedm` bIZH$bVrb MT>CVma d ]Xb, ^mfmßMEH$_H$mßda Pmbb [naUm_ mßMmhr A‰`mg H$aVm Vm.kmZmM AmoU gßÒH•$VrM dmhZ ÂhUyZ [mœ`mßM _hŒddmXmVrV AgÎ`m_wi ^maVr` gßÒH•$VrV [mWrXmZ H$aUh \$ma _mR> [w `H$_© _mZbb Amh.(10)

EoVhmogH$ [wamÏ`mßZwgma Am[Umg Ag AmT>iyZ`V H$s, ‡mMrZ H$mbmVrb _mZdr Zm|Xr hmVmZMobohbÎ`m hmÀ`m d À`mßMr bIZ ‡oH$`m AmoU [’Vrhr AmO¿`m bIZ [’Vr[jm oZamir hmVr.(11) AmOMr[’Vr [ydr©¿`m [’VrVyZM gmH$ma Pmbr. Am[Umg AghrAmT>iyZ `V H$s, Zm|XrgmR>r dm[abbr gmYZ d gmohÀ`h H$mb_mZmZwgma ]XbV Jb. Zm|X H$a `mgmR>r dm[a `mVAmbÎ`m oZaoZam˘`m [’Vt[°H$s EH$ ÂhUOMhÒVoboIV hm`.

H$mUÀ`mhr ‡H$maMm XÒVEdO Om hmVmZ obohbbmAmh À`mbm hÒVoboIV ÂhQ>b OmV. hÒVoboIVmß¿`mÏ`mª`m [wT>rb‡_mU AmhV.

1) Harrod's Librarians glossary

"A document of any kind which iswritten by hand, or the text of a musicor literary composition in hand writtenor type script form, and which in thatform has not been reproduced inmultiple copies. An illuminatedmanuscript is one which has beendecorated as described under

illuminated book."(12)

2) Encyclopedia of Librariaship

Manuscript means - "any documentwritten by the human hand with the aidof pen, pencil, or any other instrumentwhich can be used with cursive facilityas distinguish from an inscriptionengraved with chiesel or worked

laboriously."(13)

3) International encyclopedia ofInformation technology and LibraryScience

The word 'Manuscript' has beenderived from the Latin word manus,meaning hand. Old English has word'Manuscript' describes "writing withone's own hand opposed to

(8) [R>mU, `w._. "‡mMrZ hÒVoboIV AmoU À`mßM OVZ'.ApÒ_VmXe©. 1970 : [•. 107

(9) A`moMV g. _m. "CoZ [•. 5

(10) A`moMV g. _m. "CoZ [•.

(11) H$a_aH$a, ‡H$me JUe "o‡PdeZ Am∞\$ bm`]ár_Q>na`Îg (A ÒQ>S>r BZ AmÎS> A∞ S> bmO© bm`]árO)"‡]ßoYH$m. _wß]B© od⁄m[rR>, 1992.

(12) h∞am∞S≤>g bm`]ár`›g Ωbm∞gar A∞ S> a\$a›g ]wH$ (5 dr Am.)A∞ÎS>aem∞Q> : Jmda J´m‚Q>Z A∞ S> Hß$[Zr, 1984 : [•. 127

(13) b∞ S>mC, Wm∞_g. EZgm`∑bmo[S>r`m Am∞\$ bm`]ár`Zoe[(3 ar Am.) bßS>Z : ]m∞da A∞ S> ]m∞da, 1966 : [•. 289.

(14) amdV, [r. [r. A∞ S> H w $_ma, Q >r. B ßQ >aZ ∞eZbEZgm`∑bmo[S>r`m Am∞\$ B›\$a_eZ Q>∑Zm∞bm∞Or A∞ S>bm`]ár gm`›g (1br Am.) oXÑr : H∞$gb ]w∑g, 1992:[•. 314

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printing."(14)

^maVr` J´ßWmb`^maVr` J´ßWmb`^maVr` J´ßWmb`^maVr` J´ßWmb`^maVr` J´ßWmb`

^maVm_‹ oZaoZam˘`m H$mbIßS>mV am¡` H$aUmË`mamOmßM H$bm d od⁄m `mß]m]VM YmaU CXma AgÎ`m_wiÀ`mß¿`m H$mimV maVmV hÒVoboIVmß¿`m ‡gmamg MmbZmo_imbr. AoVe` H$Ô> KD$Z obohbÎ`m AemhÒVoboIVmßM OVZ H$a `mH$S> À`mßMm H$b hmVm. _mÃH$mbm°KmV À`mH$S> Xwb©j Pmb AgÎ`mZ qH$dm BVa H$mhrH$maUmßZr hÒVoboIVmßZm XwX©em [´m· Pmbr. `m]m]VJmo[amO]wdm mßZr H$bÎ`m gdjUmV À`mßZm Ag AmT>iyZAmb H$s, hÒVoboIVmßMm gßJ´h H$aUma EH$ Hw$Qw>ß] [mUrVm[od `mH$naVm ]ß]mg ga[U ÂhUyZ hÒVoboIV OmiVAgV, Va H$mhr oR>H$mUr hÒVoboIV dfm©Zwdf _m˘`mdaHw$OV amohÎ`mZ À`mßZm dmidr bmJbr. À`m_wi Vr JßJm[©UH$aU, odoharV Q>mH$U BÀ`mXr ‡H$mahr H$bb AmhV.(15)

Jmo[amO]wdmßZm À`mß¿`m gdjUmV Ag oMÃ oXgyZAmb Agb Var H$mhr oR>H$mUr _mÃ hÒVoboIVmßMm gßJ´hH$Í$Z OVZ H$aUmar J´ßWmb`hr Am[Umg AmT>iVmV.À`m[°H$s H$mhr J´ßWmb` Va H$di hÒVoboIVmßM gßJ´h,OVZ d gßajU H$aU, `m hVyZM ÒWm[Z H$bbr AmhV.

1) ZmbßXm odúod⁄mb`mM J´ ßWmb` ZmbßXm odúod⁄mb`mM J´ ßWmb` ZmbßXm odúod⁄mb`mM J´ ßWmb` ZmbßXm odúod⁄mb`mM J´ ßWmb` ZmbßXm odúod⁄mb`mM J´ ßWmb`

^maVmVrb ZmbßXm odúod⁄mb`mM J´ ßWmb`À`m_‹` AgUmË`m hÒVoboIVmß¿`m gßJ´hmgmR>r ‡og’hmV. `m J´ßWmb`mVrb hÒVoboIV Agßª` d AJUZr`hmVr. VrZ ‡mgmXVwÎ` B_maVrß_‹` h J´ßWmb` hmV.À`m[°H$s EH$ B_maV ZD$ _OÎ`mßMr hmVr d À`m B_maVrVVrZe H$j hmV. m B_maVt_‹ gd© ‡H$maMr hÒVoboIVO[yZ R>d `mV Ambbr hmVr. _mÃ H$mbmßVamZ ]ªVma

oIbOr Zm_H$ EH$m _wgb_mZ amOmZ h J´ßWmb` Omib.V gVV ghm _ohZ OiV hmV. `mdÍ$Z J´ßWmb`mVrbhÒVoboIVmß¿`m gßª`]m]V H$Î[Zm H$aVm `V.

2) VßOmda _hmamOm ga\$mOr gaÒdVr _hmb J´ßWmb`VßOmda _hmamOm ga\$mOr gaÒdVr _hmb J´ßWmb`VßOmda _hmamOm ga\$mOr gaÒdVr _hmb J´ßWmb`VßOmda _hmamOm ga\$mOr gaÒdVr _hmb J´ßWmb`VßOmda _hmamOm ga\$mOr gaÒdVr _hmb J´ßWmb`

VßOmda `Wrb amOmß¿`m ImOJr J´ßWmb`mß_‹`hrhÒVoboIVmßMm ]amM gßJ´h H$bbm AmT>iVm. VßOmda`Wrb VbJy Zm`H$mßZr gmimÏ`m eVH$m¿`m CŒmamYm©VVbJy ob[rV obohbÎ`m gßÒH•$V hÒVoboIVmßMm gßJ´hH$bbm AmT>iyZ Vm. AR>amÏ`m eVH$m[mgyZ _amR>ÁmßMmAß_b VßOmda ‡mßVmda gwÍ$ PmÎ`mZ AR>amÏ`m eVH$mVrb_amR>r hÒVoboIVhr VW AmT>iVmV. VßOmdaMm amOmga\$mOr `mZ B.g. 1820 V 1830 _‹` ]Zmga `WoXbÎ`m Q>rV VWrb AZH$ hÒVoboIV Am[Î`mgm]VAmUyZ Am[b J´ßWmb` g_•’ H$b. `m H$mimV `mJ´ßWmb`m_‹` AZH$ ^mfmßVrb AmoU ob[rVrb gw_ma26,000 hÒVoboIV hmVr. 18,000 H$mJXmdaobohbbr, Va 8,000 hÒVoboIV VmS>[Ãmda obohbbrhmVr.

3)3)3)3)3) JÏhZ©_|Q> AmnaE›Q>b _∞›`wpÒH´$flQ>g≤ bm`]ár, JÏhZ©_|Q> AmnaE›Q>b _∞›`wpÒH´$flQ>g≤ bm`]ár, JÏhZ©_|Q> AmnaE›Q>b _∞›`wpÒH´$flQ>g≤ bm`]ár, JÏhZ©_|Q> AmnaE›Q>b _∞›`wpÒH´$flQ>g≤ bm`]ár, JÏhZ©_|Q> AmnaE›Q>b _∞›`wpÒH´$flQ>g≤ bm`]ár, _–mg_–mg_–mg_–mg_–mg

`m J´ßWmb`mVrb hÒVoboIVmß¿`m ImbmImbhÒVoboIVmßMm gßJ´h _–mg `Wrb JÏhZ©_|Q> AmnaE›Q>b_∞›`wpÒH´$flQ> bm`]árV AmT>iVm. AR>amÏ`m eVH$mVÒWm[Z H$a `mV AmbÎ`m `m bm`]árV gßÒH•$V AmoUBVa XmojUmÀ` ^mfmß_‹` obohbbr gw_ma 50,000hÒVoboIV AmhV.

4) ^mßS>maH$a ‡m¿òd⁄m gßemYZ _ßoXa4) ^mßS>maH$a ‡m¿òd⁄m gßemYZ _ßoXa4) ^mßS>maH$a ‡m¿òd⁄m gßemYZ _ßoXa4) ^mßS>maH$a ‡m¿òd⁄m gßemYZ _ßoXa4) ^mßS>maH$a ‡m¿òd⁄m gßemYZ _ßoXa

B.g. 1917 _‹` ÒWm[Z H$a `mV AmbÎ`m[w `m¿`m ^mßS>maH$a ‡m¿òd⁄m A‰`mggßÒWV 23000hÒVoboIV gßJóhV H$bbr AmhV. `m gßÒW¤ma ‡mMrZ[ßoS>V [aß[abm AZwgÍ$Z Mmby AgbÎ`m emÛmß¿`m

(15) Jmo[amO ]wdm (naY[ya) "[mœ`mßMm Zme' _amR>dmS>m gßemYZ_ßS>i (dmof©H$) 1975 : [•. 174

25

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A‹``Z-A‹`m[Z H$m`m©bm CŒmOZ X `mM H$m`© H$bOmV. oedm` ‡m¿òd⁄¿`m ÂhUOM [m°dm©À` od⁄mß¿`mH$jV ÙmË`m odf`mßda gßemYZhr H$b OmV.(16)

5) JÏhZ©_|Q> AmnaE›Q>b bm`]ár, Âh°gya5) JÏhZ©_|Q> AmnaE›Q>b bm`]ár, Âh°gya5) JÏhZ©_|Q> AmnaE›Q>b bm`]ár, Âh°gya5) JÏhZ©_|Q> AmnaE›Q>b bm`]ár, Âh°gya5) JÏhZ©_|Q> AmnaE›Q>b bm`]ár, Âh°gya

Âh°gya `Wrb JÏhZ©_|Q> AmnaE›Q>b bm`]árhrhÒVoboIVmß¿`m ]m]V g_•’ Amh. 19 Ï`m eVH$m¿`mCŒmamYm©V ÂhUO B.g. 1881 _‹` `m J´ßWmb`mMrÒWm[Zm H$a `mV Ambr. `m J´ ßWmb`mV 10,765hÒVoboIV AmhV.

6) IwXm]j bm`]ár, [mQ>Um6) IwXm]j bm`]ár, [mQ>Um6) IwXm]j bm`]ár, [mQ>Um6) IwXm]j bm`]ár, [mQ>Um6) IwXm]j bm`]ár, [mQ>Um

_m°bdr IwXm]j mZ ÒWm[Z H$bÎ`m [mQ>Um WrbIwXm]j J´ ßWmb`mV _wpÒb_ gmohÀòdf`H$hÒVoboIVmßMm gßJ´h H$bbm Amh. m JßWmb`mV \$magrd Aa]r ^mfVrb EHy$U 6010 hÒVoboIV AmhV.

7) gB©oX`m J´ßWmb`, h°–m]mX7) gB©oX`m J´ßWmb`, h°–m]mX7) gB©oX`m J´ßWmb`, h°–m]mX7) gB©oX`m J´ßWmb`, h°–m]mX7) gB©oX`m J´ßWmb`, h°–m]mX

h°–m]mX Wrb gB©oX`m JßWmb`XIrb EoVhmogH$gmYZgm_wJ´r¿`m —Ô>rZ _hŒdmM _mZb OmV. 19 Ï`meVH$mV CX`mg AmbÎ`m `m J´ßWmb`mV EHy$U 2125hÒVoboIV AmhV. À`m[°H$s H$mhr hÒVoboIV 12 Ï`meVH$mVrb AmhV.

8) oQ>[y gwbVmZ gßJ´h8) oQ>[y gwbVmZ gßJ´h8) oQ>[y gwbVmZ gßJ´h8) oQ>[y gwbVmZ gßJ´h8) oQ>[y gwbVmZ gßJ´h

oQ>[y gwbVmZ m Âh°gya¿`m amOm¿`m gßJ´hmVhr gw_maXmZ hOma hÒVoboIV hmVr. BßJÓmßZr À`mMm [am^dH$Î`mZßVa H$mhr hÒVoboIV BßΩbßS>_Yrb gmd©OoZH$JßWmb`mßZm Q> ÂhUyZ oXbr. Va H$mhr _–mg \$mQ>© odÎ`_

H$m∞bO_‹` AmhV.(17)

9) d|H$Q> úa AmnaE›Q>b Bp›ÒQ>Q>ÁyQ>, _–mg9) d|H$Q> úa AmnaE›Q>b Bp›ÒQ>Q>ÁyQ>, _–mg9) d|H$Q> úa AmnaE›Q>b Bp›ÒQ>Q>ÁyQ>, _–mg9) d|H$Q> úa AmnaE›Q>b Bp›ÒQ>Q>ÁyQ>, _–mg9) d|H$Q> úa AmnaE›Q>b Bp›ÒQ>Q>ÁyQ>, _–mg

XojU ^maVmV oVÈ[Vr¿`m _ßoXamV 1800 Xwo_©ihÒVoboIV gßJóhV H$bbr hmVr. hr gd© hÒVoboIVB.g. 1939 _‹` _–mg `Wrb d|H$Q>úa AmnaE›Q>bBp›ÒQ>Q>ÁyQ>¿`m ÒdmYrZ H$a `mV Ambr.

10) AmYwoZH$ [’Vrda MmbUmar J´ ßWmb`10) AmYwoZH$ [’Vrda MmbUmar J´ ßWmb`10) AmYwoZH$ [’Vrda MmbUmar J´ ßWmb`10) AmYwoZH$ [’Vrda MmbUmar J´ ßWmb`10) AmYwoZH$ [’Vrda MmbUmar J´ ßWmb`

darb H$di hÒVoboIVmßMmM gßJ´h H$aUmË`mJ´ ßWmb`mßÏòVna∫$ ^maVm_‹` AmYwoZH$ [’VrdaMmbUmË`m H$mhr JßWmb`mß_‹ hr hÒVoboIVmßMm od^mJR>d `mV Ambbm Amh. Aem J´ßWmb`mßMr Zmd d À`mVR>d `mV AmbÎ`m hÒVoboIVmßMr gßª`m [wT>rb‡_mUAmh.

A.H´$.A.H´$.A.H´$.A.H´$.A.H´$. J´ ßWmb`mM ZmdJ´ ßWmb`mM ZmdJ´ ßWmb`mM ZmdJ´ ßWmb`mM ZmdJ´ ßWmb`mM Zmd hÒV oboIVm ßM rhÒV oboIVm ßM rhÒV oboIVm ßM rhÒV oboIVm ßM rhÒV oboIVm ßM rg ßª`mg ßª`mg ßª`mg ßª`mg ßª`m

1) H$bH$Œmm odúod⁄mb`mM JßWmb` 12,275

2) Abmhm]mX odúod⁄mb`mM JßWmb` 400

3) AobJT> odúod⁄mb`mM JßWmb` 4000

4) ]Zmag od⁄m[rR> 13,300

5) _–mg od⁄m[rR> 1,772

6) _wß]B© od⁄m[rR> 4,000

7) [ßOm] od⁄m[rR> 11,506

8) BpÂ[na`b (Z∞eZb bm`]ár), H$bH$Œmm 1,449

9) am∞ b Eoe`moQ>H$ gmgm`Q>r, ]ßJmb 32,000

10) am∞ b Eoe`moQ>H$ gmgm`Q>r, _wß]B© 2,000

AM©Zm [wOmar,AM©Zm [wOmar,AM©Zm [wOmar,AM©Zm [wOmar,AM©Zm [wOmar,R>mU

(16) "^mßS>maH$a ‡m¿òd⁄m gßemYZ _ßS>i (ÒWm[ZMm BoVhmg)'_ZmaßOZ. OyZ 1917 : [•. 79

(17) "qhXwÒWmZmVrb hÒVoboIV J´ßWmßMr byQ>' [wU gmd©OoZH$g_mMma. OyZ 1882 : [•. 312

26

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_amR>rVrb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$ : EH$ odMma_amR>rVrb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$ : EH$ odMma_amR>rVrb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$ : EH$ odMma_amR>rVrb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$ : EH$ odMma_amR>rVrb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$ : EH$ odMma

_amR>r gmohÀ`mM A‰`mgH$ d gßJ´mhH$ lr. gwYmH$a \$S>H$ `mßZr `m bImV _amR>rVrb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$mß¿`modH$mgmda —oÔ>j[ Q>mH$bm Amh.- gß[mXH$

H$mÏ`fw ZmQ>H$_≤ aÂ`_≤H$mÏ`fw ZmQ>H$_≤ aÂ`_≤H$mÏ`fw ZmQ>H$_≤ aÂ`_≤H$mÏ`fw ZmQ>H$_≤ aÂ`_≤H$mÏ`fw ZmQ>H$_≤ aÂ`_≤

ZmQ>H$mMr JUZm H$mÏ`mV H$aUma h gßÒH•$V gw mofV‡og’ Amh. [aßVw ZmQ>H$ m dmL≤>_` ‡H$mamM H$mÏ`m[jmhrd BVa gd©M dmL≤>_` ‡H$mamß[jm Img dJi[U h AmhH$s, ZmQ>H$mMm aßJ_ßMmda ‡`mJ hmD$ eH$Vm; ‡jH$mß¿`mEH$m g_yhmbm, Ao^Z` Z[œ`moX gmYZmß¿`m ghmÊ`mZÀ`mM ‡À`j Xe©Z AmoU ldU KS>odVm `V.

ÂhUOM ZmQ>H$m_‹` H$mÏ`mM H$mhr _hŒdmM JwUAgVmV, AmoU À`mM]am]a g_yhmbm AmdmhZ H$a `mMEH$ Img gm_œ ©hr À`mV AgV. ZmQ>H$H$mam¿`m m odefgm_œ`m©MmM gm_moOH$ [nadV©Zmer gß]ßY `Vm.

AJXr [ydu[mgyZM gm_moOH$ dm amOH$sÀmßXmbZmßMr ‡oVq]] _amR>r ZmQ>H$mßV â[ya ‡_mUmVC_Q>bbr oXgVmV. À`mgß]ßYmVrb g_Ò`mßZm Ò[e©H$aUmar ZmQ>H$ _amR>r aßJ^y_rda dmaßdma Ambbr AmhV.

ZmQ>H$ OÏhm odÓUwXmgr AdÒWVyZ [wÒVH$mH$S>dib VÏhm gm_moOH$ [aß[amßda ‡hma H$aUmar qH$dm À`mMrVa\$Xmar H$aUmar AZH$ N>mQ>r_mR>r ZmQ>H$ obohbr Jbr,gm_moOH$ gwYmaUm hm À`m H$mimVrb OmJVm AmoU ¡dbßVodf` hmVm. bmH$m ß¿`m odMmamV AmoU oddmXmVAgbÎ`m OaR>]mbm oddmh g_Ò`[mgyZ odYdm oddmhg_Ò`[`™V AZH$ odf` odefV: - [mßT>a[em dJm©ergß]ßoYV Agbb - `m ZmQ>H$mßVyZ ZmQ>ÁÍ$[mZ _mßS> `mVAmb AmhV.

`mM H$mimV gm_moOH$ gwYmaUM EH$ gmYZ ÂhUyZZmQ>H$ obohb OmD$ bmJb. gmhoOH$M _‹`_dJuÒrdZmM ‡oVq]] `mVyZ oXgy bmJb. g_mOmVrb

gm_moOH$ g_Ò`m ZmQ>H$mßVyZ `D$ bmJÎ`m. À`m H$mimVÛroejU, [wZod©dmh, BÀ`mXr Midir gwÍ$ PmÎ`m d hodf`hr ZmQ>H$mVyZ Amb. bmH$mo^ÈMrbm diUbmd `mM H$m_ EImX ZmQ>H$ H$Í$ eH$V, h bjmV KD$Zg_mO_Zmda [naUm_ KS>dUmar ZmQ>H$ obohbr OmD$bmJbr.

BßJÓrVrb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$mßMm CX`BßJÓrVrb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$mßMm CX`BßJÓrVrb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$mßMm CX`BßJÓrVrb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$mßMm CX`BßJÓrVrb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$mßMm CX`

EH$moUgmÏ`m eVH$mV `wam[mV Am∞ÒH$a dmBÎS>Z"bS>r qdS>ao_Ag© \∞$Z' (1892), "A dy_Z Am∞\$ ZmBß[m∞Q>©›g' (1892), "Am`S>rAb hO]ßS>' (1800) B.ZmQ>H$ obhˇZ gwImpÀ_H$M [wZÈÇmrdZ H$b. À`mßMrg_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$ [maß[naH$M hmVr. "Om›g' d"o[ZrAam' `m ZmQ>H$H$mamßZr gm_moOH$ g_Ò`mßM oMÃUH$b. aßOZm]am]aM _mUgmß¿`m g_Ò`m, gwIXw:I `mßMXe©Z ZmQ>H$ KS>dy eH$V, Agm À`mßMm Xmdm hmVm.

"B„gZ'Z _‹`_dJm©M OrdZ d À`mß¿`m g_Ò`mAm[Î`m "S>m∞Îg hmD$g' AmoU "o[bg© Am∞\$ Xr gmgm`Q>r'`m ZmQ>H$mVyZ _mßS>Î`m. "Om∞O© ]Zm©S>© em'Z "odS>mAg©hmCgg' (1892) "X o\$b±S>aa' (1893), "o_ggdm∞a›g ‡m\$eZ' (1893) B. ZmQ>H$ obohbr. Vmg_mOmVrb A[‡d•ŒmtMm, Xß^mßMm, T>m|JmßMm C[hmgH$aUmam Hw$eb ZmQ>H$H$ma hmVm.

"]´∑Q>'Z Am[Î`m "W´r [Zr Am∞[am', "H$m∞H$oe`ZMm∞H$ gH©$b' B. ZmQ>H$mßVyZ _m∑g©M gm_moOH$ VŒdkmZ_mßS>b. OrdZmVrb g_Ò`m dÒVwoZ> —Ô>rZ odMmamVø`mÏ`mV, Aer À`mMr A[jm hmVr.

27

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_amR>r aßJ^y_rdarb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$mßMm ‡maß^_amR>r aßJ^y_rdarb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$mßMm ‡maß^_amR>r aßJ^y_rdarb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$mßMm ‡maß^_amR>r aßJ^y_rdarb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$mßMm ‡maß^_amR>r aßJ^y_rdarb g_Ò`m‡YmZ ZmQ>H$mßMm ‡maß^

BßJÓr A_bm¿`m gwÈdmVr¿`m H$mimV Ûr¿`moddmhodf`H$ g_Ò`m ‡mYm›`mZ g_ma AmÎ`m. _amR>raßJ^y_rda odYdmßM H$ed[Z, [wZod©dmhmMr gßYr Zo_iU, gVrMr [’V `m g_Ò`mßodÈ’ [ohbm AmdmOaßJ^y_rda CR>odbm Vm "A Um _mV™S> Omer' `mß¿`m"gm°^mΩà_m' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ. À`mZßVa XdbmßMr "emaXm'AdVabr.

o]óQ>emß¿`m H$mimV Am°⁄moJH$sH$aU, ehamßMrdmT>, BÀ`mXr_wi g_mOOrdZ JwßVmJwßVrM hmD$ bmJb.g_mOdmX _hmamÔ≠>mV oeabm. _amR>r aßJ^y_rdahr À`mM[S>gmX C_Q>b. 1935 _‹` "ZmQ>Á_›dßVa'¿`m"AmßY˘`mßMr emim'Z [nadV©Z Amb.

oddmh g_Ò`mßoedm` À`m H$mimVbr AmUIr EH$g_Ò`m hmVr, Vr ÛroejUmMr. À`mM XwÓ[naUm_ hmVrb`m ^`mZ "VÈUr oejU ZmoQ>H$m' h ZmQ>H$ aßJ^y_rdaAmb. "Òd°agH$em' `m ZmQ>H$mZhr Ûr gwYmaUbm odamYH$bm.

AmMm`© AÃ `mßZr oZ_©bm (Kam]mha), H$ÈUm(C⁄mMm gßgma), CÎH$m (OJ H$m` ÂhUb?) m Zmo`H$ma ßJdyZ d°dmohH$ OrdZmV Ûr¿`m _ZmV hm UmamOrdZ_yÎ`mßMm gßKf© ‡jH$mßg_ma Ò[Ô> H$bm. lr. od.dV©H$, AZßV H$mUH$a, `mß¿`m ZmQ>H$mßVhr Ûrodf`H$g_Ò`m _mßS>Î`m JÎ`m.

d°dmohH$ OrdZmV ÛrM ÒWmZ d XOm© H$mUVmAgb? `m g_Ò`g _m.J. amßJUH$a `mßZr "Hw$bdYy'ZmQ>H$mV hmV KmVbm. gm_moOH$ dm amOH$s` g_Ò`mßZm/odf`mßZm Ò[e© H$aUmar AZH$ ZmQ>H$ `mM H$mimV _amR>raßJ^y_rda Ambr.

_m_m daaH$amßMr ‡maß^rMr H$mhr ZmQ>H$ dJibrVa [wT>Mr ]h˛VH$ ZmQ>H$ H$mUÀ`mVar g_Ò`mßer gß]ßoYVM

AmhV. "hmM _wbmMm ]m[' h "h˛ßS>m' g_Ò`darb ZmQ>H$hmV, Va "gŒmM Jwbm_' h _hmÀ_m JmßYt¿`m AghH$maMidirda AmYmnaV ZmQ>H$ hmV. "gß›`memMm gßgma'Ymo_©H$ gwYmaUmßda AmYmnaV, Va "gm›`mMm H$ig'_Owamß¿`m g_Ò`M Xe©Z KS>odUma ZmQ>H$ hmV.

Zd dmL≤>_`rZ ‡dmhZd dmL≤>_`rZ ‡dmhZd dmL≤>_`rZ ‡dmhZd dmL≤>_`rZ ‡dmhZd dmL≤>_`rZ ‡dmh

Xwga _hm`w’ gß[Î`mda _mZdr odZmem¿`m AZH$KQ>Zm KSÎ`m. amOH$s` gŒmmßMr CbWm[mbW Pmbr.g_mOH$maU, amOH$maU, AW©H$maU `mßM aßJ EH$_H$mßVo_giyZ Jb d _mZdr OrdZmMm AW© ZÏ`mZ emY `mM‡`ÀZ gwÍ$ Pmb.

1940/45 ¿`m gw_mamg _amR>rV ZddmL≤>_òZ_m©U hmD$ bmJb. H$odV¿`m jÃmV "]m. gr. _T>H$a'`mßMm CX` hr AZH$ —Ô>rZ H´$mßoVH$mar KQ>Zm R>abr._T>H$amß¿`m H$odVZ _amR>r _Zmbm MmßJbmM Y∑H$m oXbmd _amR>r H$odVbm JVr o_imbr.

ZdH$odV]am]aM ZdH$WMmhr O›_ Pmbm. JßJmYaJmS>Jri, [w.^m.^md, AaqdX JmIb mß¿`m Í$[mZ _amR>rH$Wm MmßJbrM g_•’ Pmbr. mß¿`mZßVa Or.E.Hw$bH$Uu,H$_b XgmB©, odO`m amOm‹`j, [mZdbH$a, [wßS>obH$,Xidr m ZÏ`m X_m¿`m bmH$mßZr H$Wm ‡mßVmV Xm°S> _mabr.

À`m_mZmZ _amR>rVrb ZÏ`m H$mXß]arMm O›_ OamCeramM Pmbm Ag ÂhUmd bmJb. VgM À`mVyZ OrdZmMH$mhr ZdrZ Xe©Z KS>V ZÏhV. aßOZmM \$S>H$ `wJgß[Î`mZßVa _hm`w’mŒma H$mimV _amR>r H$mXß]ar [w›hmEH$Xm dmÒVodH$ OrdZmH$S> dibr. ZÏ`m H$mXß]arMrgwÈdmV gmYmaUV: lr. Zm. [|S>g `mß¿`m "EÎJma' [mgyZPmbr Ag ÂhUmd`mg haH$V Zmhr. [wT> XmßS>H$a-_mS>JyiH$a `mßZr h jÃ ââmQ>rg AmUbß. Va 1960¿`m gw_mamg "^mbMß– Z_mS>' `mß¿`m "H$mgbm'ZH$mXß]arbm Zdr —Ô>r oXbr.

28

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1945 V 1960 `m H$mbIßS>mV _amR>r aßJ^y_rdaAem AZH$ KQ>Zm KS>Î`m H$s, À`mMm [naUm_ aßJ^y_rdaoXgy bmJbm. am¡` ZmQ>ÁÒ[Ym© (1945), bobV H$bmH|$–mMr ÒWm[Zm (1955), ZmQ>H$mdarb H$a_UyH$ H$a a‘H$aU (1958) "aßJm`VZ' `m ZmQ>ÁgßÒWMr ÒWm[Zm(1960) BÀ`mXr.

^maV ÒdmVßÕ`mZßVa _hmamÔ≠> am¡`mMr oZo_©VrhmB©[`™V (1947 V 1960) am¡`mV gm_moOH$,gmßÒH•$oVH$, dmL≤>_`rZ emgH$s` Or pÒWVr hmVr oV¿`mVZßVa [wÓH$iM \$aH$ [S>bm. ZdgmohpÀ`H$mßMr [ohbr o[T>rgmohÀ`jÃmV pÒWa d ‡oVo>V Pmbr AmoU À`mMdigXwgar o[T>r CX`mg `V hmVr.

e°joUH$, amOH$s` VgM gm_moOH$ ]m]VrVÂhUmd`mM PmÎ`mg gmR> gmbmZßVa ]h˛OZ g_mOm¿`mhmVmV amOH$s` gŒmm Ambr. À`m_wi J´m_rU od^mJmVgwYmaUm PmÎ`m. gmIa H$maImZ dmT>b. J´m_rU ^mJmVoejUgßÒWm oZKmÎ`m. oejU‡gma dmT>bm. XobV,J´m_rU, AmoXdmgr, `mß¿`mVrb VÈU o[T>r oejU KD$bmJbr. À`mßZm emgH$s` ZmH$Ë`m o_imÎ`m. XobVMidir gwwÍ$ PmÎ`m. `m ‡dmhmM gmohÀ` bjUr`ÒdÍ$[mV oXgy bmJb. `m dJm©Vrb AZw^dodÌd Vm[`™V_amR>r gmohÀ`mV AZmiIr hmV.

aßJ^y_rgß]ßYmV [hmd`mg JÎ`mg Or _ßS>ir 60[ydu hm°er dm ‡m`moJH$ MidirV hmVr VrM [wT>Ï`mdgmo`H$ aßJ y_rda pÒWamdbr. CXm. odO` V|Sw>bH$a,eß.Jm.gmR>, [w.b.Xe[mßS>, dgßV H$mZQ>H$a, aÀZmH$a_VH$ar BÀ`mXr. VXZßVa gVre AmiH$a, O`dßV Xidr,A¿ wV dP, d•>ßXmdZ XßS>dV hr Zmd> À`mV g_modÓQ> Pmbr.À`mßM ZmQ>ÁH$V•©Àd _amR>r aßJ^y_r¿`m ôdÓ`mbm _mbmMR>ab. Ï`mdgmo`H$ aßJ^y_r À`m H$mimV ¡`m odf`mß¿`mdmQ>bm Om `mMr gwVam_ e∑`Vm ZÏhVr, Ag odf`ZmQ>H$H$mamßZr 1960 [ydu ‡m`moJH$ aßJ^y_rda AmUb.

_mZdr OrdZ oH$Vr JwßVmJwßVrM Amh. VgM V oH$VrÏ`mo_l Amh h XmIod `mM YmS>g gwÈdmVr¿`m H$mimV‡m`moJH$ aßJ^y_rZM H$bb Amh. AmOhr hr g_mßVaaßJ^y_r Zd ‡`mJ H$aVM Amh.

g_mO AmoU ZmQ>H$g_mO AmoU ZmQ>H$g_mO AmoU ZmQ>H$g_mO AmoU ZmQ>H$g_mO AmoU ZmQ>H$

dmL≤ >_òZo_©VrMr [mi_wi g_mOÏ`dÒWVÈObbr AgVmV. gmoho`H$mMm q[S> KS>od `mgVÀH$mbrZ odMmagaUr, VgM gmohÀ`H•$Vr ¡`m H$mimVd [napÒWVrV oZ_m©U hmV, À`m [napÒWVrMm ‡^mdhrH$maUr^yV R>aVm.

bIH$mbm ZmQ>H$ gm[S>V V EIm⁄m odMmamV,KQ>ZV, gßKfm©V, EIm⁄m Ïò∫$_ŒdmV qH$dm EIm⁄mg_Ò V. dmL≤>_`m¿`m _ybVŒdmMr AmoU ‡aUmßMr _r_mßgmH$m Ur H$erhr H$arV, g_mOm¿`m OrdZmV OÏhmAQ>rVQ>r¿`m g_Ò`m CÀ[›Z hmVmV VÏhm À`mM ‡oVq]]ZmQ>H$mV [S>Î`mdmMyZ amhmV Zmhr. qH$]hwZm AghrÂhUVm `B©b H$s BVa dmL≤>_` ‡H$mamß[jm ZmQ>H$mV VAoYH$M [S>V, mM H$maU ZmQ>H$ h Ï`∫$s-_Zm‡_mUM,aßJ^y_r¤mam gm_yohH$ _Zmerhr gß[H©$ gmYy eH$V.

WmS>∑`mV 1960 ¿`m Amg[mg oejU‡gma,bmH$emhr, oejU gdbVr, Ïò∫$ÒdmVßÕ`, _VÒdmVßÕ`,`mßMm ‡^md [Sy>Z ÒdmVßÕ`, g_Vm, ]ßYwÀd, Y_©oZa[jVm,]wo’dmX `mßMm ‡^md OZ_mZgmda [S>V hmVm. Ow›`mÏ`dÒWmßMr oZH$S>rZ d ZÏ`mZ odMma H$am`Mr JaO dmQ>VhmVr. À`m_wi oZ_m©U PmbÎ`m g_Ò`mßMm qH$dm AÒdÒWOmoUdmßMm AmodÓH$ma ÂhUOM ÒdmVßÕ`mŒma gmohÀ`‡H$mahmV. `mV ZmQ>H$hr AmbM.

lr. gwYmH$a \$S>H$lr. gwYmH$a \$S>H$lr. gwYmH$a \$S>H$lr. gwYmH$a \$S>H$lr. gwYmH$a \$S>H$13, aodH$aU, _wß]B©-[wU aÒVm,

H$idm - 400 605.

29

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gßW gbrb _ßX bhagßW gbrb _ßX bhagßW gbrb _ßX bhagßW gbrb _ßX bhagßW gbrb _ßX bha- _YwH$a am_MßX´ XdYa- _YwH$a am_MßX´ XdYa- _YwH$a am_MßX´ XdYa- _YwH$a am_MßX´ XdYa- _YwH$a am_MßX´ XdYa

H$odVm ÂhUO Z∏$s H$m`, h gmßJU Vg AdKS>.ÂhQ>b Va O J⁄ Zmhr, V ÂhUO [⁄ qH$dm CÀH$Q>^mdZmßMm gm¢X`©[yU© AmodÓH$ma ÂhUO H$odVm. ‡À`H$Ï`∫$s¿`m —Ô>rZ H$odVMr Ï`mª`m hr oZamir AgV. [UghOVZ Or AßV:H$aUmVyZ Ò\w$aV AmoU `m dJdmZH$mimV Or oQ>Hy$Z amhV Vr Iar MmßJbr H$odVm hm`.ÂhUyZM gmohÀ`mV H$odVbm _mZmM ÒWmZ oXb Jb Amh.Am[Î`m AmZßXm¿`m-Xw:Im¿`m jUr ZH$iV Am[Î`mAmR>mßda `D$Z Am[Î`mbm Or gmW XV, Vr H$odVm.emb` OrdZmV dmMbÎ`m Aem oH$VrVar H$odVmAm[Î`mbm AmOhr AmR>dVmV. H$maU H$odVM Í$[ BVH$bm^g, ^m]S> AgV H$s V bJM _ZmV Ka H$aV ddfm©Zwdf Am[Î`mgm]V amhV. AmO H$odVMr EHy$UdmQ>Mmb [mohÎ`mda _amR>r H$odVm oH$Vr g_•’ Amh VH$iV. _hmamÔ≠>m¿`m H$mZmH$m[Ë`mV AmO Aghr AZH$‡oV^mdßV H$dr AmhV ¡`mßZr _amR>r H$odVbm EH$ ZdroXem oXbr. [aßVw XwX£dmZ AZH$ H$dt¿`m H$odVmg_mOm[wT> [mhmMÎ`m ZmhrV. Va H$mht¿`m H$odVm \$∫$À`mß¿`m S>màr[waÀ`mM _`m©oXV amohÎ`m. Ag AZH$ H$drAmO Am[Î`m AmOw]mOybm AmO H$odVm hmD$Z OJVAmhV. [U gdm™ZmM ‡og’rMr hmdhr ZgV. AgmM EH$‡oV^mdßV, qMVZerb H$dr R>mU ehambmXIrb bm^bm.d`m¿`m E|erÏ`m dfm™Vhr À`mßM H$dr_Z oVVH$M VÈUAmh. [U H$dr ÂhUyZ o_adU À`mß¿`m Òd^mdmVM Zmhr.\$∫$ aogH$VMr hmd AgUmË`m `m H$drMr AmO Mma[wÒVH$ ‡H$moeV Pmbr AmhV. aogH$mßMr Iar XmX dgoX¿N>m hM H$odVM _yÎ` g_OUmË`m lr. _YwH$aam_Mß– XdYa mßMr [wÒVH$ dmM `mMm _bm mJ Ambm.À`mß¿`m Mmahr H$mÏ`gßJ´hmßV _bm OrdZmM ododY AZw d[hm`bm o_imb. [U À`mßMm "gßW gbrb _ßX bha' hmH$mÏ`gßJ´h bjUr` dmQ>bm AmoU À`mMm [naM` aogH$mßZm

[wÒVH$ [naM`[wÒVH$ [naM`[wÒVH$ [naM`[wÒVH$ [naM`[wÒVH$ [naM`

H$Í$Z ⁄mdm, Ag _Zm_Z dmQ>b.

26 OmZdmar 2002 amOr ‡H$moeV PmbÎ`m `mH$mÏ`gßJ´hmV AZH$ AZw^dmßMm H$mÏÌoOZmM Amh.À`mßMr ‡À H$ H$odVm H$mhrVar dJi gmßJV. › yS> [|qQ>JdaAmYmabÎ`m "]∞b›g' `m H$odVVyZ ([•. H´$. 17)_mUgmßMr Z°goJ©H$ ‡d•Œmr d [|qQ>J h \$∫$ H∞$ZÏhmgdaMZ CVaVm V Vw_¿`m _ZmVhr CVaV AgV d Vw_M _ZâH$Qy> bmJÎ`mda Am[bm ]∞b›g H$gm OmVm, h H$XmoMVH$drbm `m H$odVVyZ gwMdm`M Amh.

À`mßMr "\$aH$' ([•. H$. 4) hr H$odVm AmOH$mb¿`m"[mQ>u' gßÒH•$Vrda ^mÓ` H$aV. H$drbm H$odVgmR>ro_imbbm am¡` [waÒH$ma AmoU ]mV_r H$iVmMo_Ã_ßS>itZr H$bbm _OdmZrMm JbH$m `mda AmYmnaVH$odVV H$dr [wT> ÂhUVm H$s, gdm™Zm _OdmZr o‡` AgV,[U ¡`m H$odVbm ]h˛_mZ o_imbm Vr H$odVm EH$ `mMrH$mUmMrhr B¿N>m ZgV. `m H$odVVyZ AmO¿`m OJmMAMyH$ oMÃU H$bb Amh -

_r ÂhQ>bß Vwbmhr H$ibß dmQ>Vßhm K [T>mVr hgV ÂhUmbr[T> _J KB©ZM[U ¡`m H$odVbm[waÒH$ma o_imbmVr H$odVmAmYr ÂhUyZ XmIdm Zm -

`m H$mÏ`gßJ´hmVrb "]rO' ([•.H´$. 39) hr AmUIrEH$ bjdYr H$odVm AgyZ oZgJm©da Í$[H$ gmYyZ _mZdrOrdZmV ÙmË`m gßYrMm ‡À`` X `mMm H$dr `W ‡`ÀZH$aVm -

30

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dS>mMß ]rO_mharBVHß$ bhmZÀ`m¿`mVM gm_mdbbß AgVßdS>mMß ‡oVÍ$[]rO \$mS>bß Va d•j oXgV ZmhrgßYr o_iVmM AßHy$a \w$Q>VmXmQ> N>m`m XUmamd•j hmVm _hmZ

"‹`mZÒW ]w’' hr Xwgar EH$ H$odVm dmÒVdVMrOmUrd H$Í$Z XV. _mUyg CJmMM gwIm¿`m ^´m_H$H$Î[ZV AS>H$bbm AgVm. Xw:ImM _yi emY `m[jmgwIm¿`m H$mÎ[oZH$ gr_mßMm odMma H$a `mV diKmbdVm. ([•. H´$. 44) -

V ÒVy[ AOyZ AZH$ eVH$C^ amhVrb[U ^gir¿`m Mw›`mV ]mßYbbrAm_¿`m gmaª`mßMr Ò_maHß$Mma [mdgm˘`mV Yw[yZ OmVrb

`m H$dr¿`m Amir _mUyg [napÒWVrda VmS>Jm ZH$mT>Vm H$em [idmQ>m emYV AgVm, h gmßJVmV. `mMH$odVVrb [wT>rb AmitVyZ -

_r _mÃ MmßJbr gmdbr ]KyZ ]gbm`AmoU gwIm¿`m H$mÎ[oZH$ gr_mßMmodMma H$aVm`[U À`mMß CŒma gm[S>V Zmhr_mhrV Amh H$s À`mbm CŒmaM Zmhr_m¬`m _ZmVbm ]w’A⁄m[ ‹`mZÒW AmhVm OmJmM hmV Zmhr.

gwIm¿`m, _•JOim¿`m _mJ Ymd `mMm _mUgmMmY_© H$drZ AJXr _mO∑`m e„XmßV `W oMoÃV H$bbmAmh. VgM H$odVVyZ Ambb ]w’b `mßM d ]w’m¿`m

_yVvM oMÃU `mdÍ$Z H$drMr oZarjUe∫$s oXgyZ `V.

"gmdbr' `m H$odVV yZ ([•. H ´ $. 53)H$drOrdZmVrb VrZ Q>fl[ gmßJ `mMm ‡`ÀZ H$aVm. VgMgdm™Zr gmS>b Var [Vr-[ÀZrbm EH$_H$mßMm AgbbmAmYma d odúmg hm oH$Vr _hŒdmMm AgVm, hr H$odVMr_‹`dVu H$Î[Zm Iy[M ge∫$ dmQ>V -

Pmbr Xw[maVm[bß` D$ZaÒÀ`mda PmS>r Zmhr[U EH$_H$mßMr gmdbr AmhAmbQy>Z [mbQy>Z

Am`wÓ`m¿`m ‡dmgmV AZH$ ‡H$ma¿`m Òd^mdmMr_mUgß ^Q>V AgVmV, [U ‡À`H$mer O_dyZ KUß hAm[m[Î`mM hmVmV AgVß Agm Ame` Ï`∫$ H$aUmarJoUV ([•. H´$. 58) hr H$odVm IaßM XmX X `mgmaIrAmh. H$_r e„XmßV OmÒV Ame` Ï`∫$ H$a `mMr H$drMre°br H$odVVyZ oXgyZ `V.

H$mb ^Q>bb AmO ^Q>VrbC⁄m Xwga Hw$UrVargß^modV oXgUma AJoVH$ -Am[Î`m _ZmVrbJoUV gmS>odVmZmXwgË`m¿`m AZw^dmerVmi O_dVmZmhmVmV Am[U od⁄mWr©Am[UM [arjH$[mg Zmhr Zm[mg ZmhrJwU oH$Vrhr o_imVÀ`mMr _wirM OmU Zmhr

À`mß¿`m `m H$mÏ`gßJ´hmVrb AZH$ H$odVmCXmhaUmW© H$miOr, aÒVm, Vwier, Amg∫$s `m

([mZ H´$. 39da)

31

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Hwß$Ô Ag ÂhUVmV.

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ZaZmamÙ _wbmßZm KD$Z (doe> d AJÒÀ`r)CŒmamIßS>mVrb Ï`mgJwß\$Odi Amb d Jwß\$V amhˇZ _wbmßZmoeH$d `mg gwÈdmV H$br. WmS>ÁmM oXdgmßV oed dXŒmmÃ VW Uma AgÎ`mM À`mßZm _mhrV hmV. ZaZmamÙF$ftZr m XmZ Hwß$Ô [wÃmßZm oejU X `mg oed-XŒmmÃ`mß¿`moedm` Xwga H$mUV _hmZ JwÍ$ `mΩ` hmVrb. hmodMma H$Í$Z À`mßMr JmR> KmbyZ X `mgmR>r Ï`mgJwß\$VAmUb. ‡mWo_H$ oejU ZaZmamÙmßZr X `mg gwÈdmVH$br.

`mZßVa gmYmaU[U 2-21/2 dfm™¿`m H$mimZßVa

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XŒmmÃ` `mßM AmJ_Z Pmb. `VmZm À`mßZr ^m°_, AoÃZmdm¿`m 8-10 dfm™¿`m _wbmbm ]am]a AmUb hmV.XŒmmÃ` d ZaZmamÙ `mßZr `m oV›hr _wbmß¿`m oejUmMrÏ`dpÒWV[U AmIUr H$Í$Z gwÈdmV H$br. hr VrZ _wb]wo’_mZ, H$Ô> KUmar d CŒm_ Ò_aUmMr hmVr. `mßZmXŒmmÃ`m¿`m ÒdmYrZ H$Í$Z ZaZmamÙ F$fr¤` VrW©`mÃmd V[mMaUmg oZKyZ Jb. XŒmmÃ`mßZr m _wbmßZm MmßJÎ`mAmMma-odMmamßM oejU oXb, CŒm_ gd`r bmdÎ`m,odMmamß¿`m `mΩ` oXebm diU bmdb. ]w’r OmÒV‡JÎ^ H$a `mM ‡`ÀZ H$a `mg oeH$odb.

gdm™JrU oejUgdm™JrU oejUgdm™JrU oejUgdm™JrU oejUgdm™JrU oejU

`mJgmYZm, earagmYZm, YZwod©⁄m, AÛod⁄m,ZjÃemÛ, odú]mY, J´hVmaemÛ, OrdZemÛ, yemÛ,ObemÛ, dZÒ[Vr JwUXe©Z dJ°a C[`mJr emÛmßM oejUXD$Z [maßJV H$b, À`mßZm MVwdX od⁄m, C[oZfX, gd©AßJmßgh, aMZm, AW©, C[`mJ, gmYZm `mßM Ï`dpÒWVoddaU H$Í$Z gd© od⁄V od¤mZ H$b. `m gd© JmÔ>rg 7-8 dfm™Mm H$mb Jbm. À`mZßVa oedmM AmJ_Z Pmb.oed hm gd©Ã gßMma H$aUmam, dZÒ[oVV¡k, ^yJ^©emÛOmUmam hmVm, OJV≤oZo_©Vr, dÒVy, dmÒVwoZo_©Vr d Am wdX`m _wbmßZm oeH$odb d À`mßZm F$of[X ‡m· H$Í$Z oXb d"OJm¿`m H$Î`mUmgmR>r AmVm VwÂhr oZaoZam˘`m oXebmOmD$Z OJXm’ma H$am' Agm C[Xe H$bm. oddmh H$Í$ZAmXe© [wÃmÀ[Œmr H$am d H$mbmßVamZ hmUmË`m C_m-eßH$am¿`m oddmhmM dir `D$Z ^Q>m. oddmhg_`rVwÂhmbm oed‡aUmod⁄Z - ÒWbH$mbmMr _mohVr XVrbAghr gmßoJVb. VdT>ÁmV VW ZaZmamÙ F$fr Amb.gdm™¿`m JmR>r^Q>r PmÎ`m. oZaoZam˘`m odf`mßda MMm©,XdmUKdmU Pmbr d XŒmmÃ d oed V[mMaUmgmR>r oZKyZJb.

OJm¿`m H$Î`mUmgmR>rOJm¿`m H$Î`mUmgmR>rOJm¿`m H$Î`mUmgmR>rOJm¿`m H$Î`mUmgmR>rOJm¿`m H$Î`mUmgmR>r

ZaZmamÙ F$fr `m _wbmß¿`m g_dV VWyZ oZKyZ

H$mbmßVamZ m _wbmß¿`m Hwß$^_mVmßH$S> Amb. À`m _mVmßMrd _wbmßMr [yd©gßH$Vm‡_mU ^Q>r H$adÎ`m. À`mßZr _wbmßZmoejU d gßÒH$ma XD$Z OJXm’mamgmR>r V`ma H$Î`mMgmßoJVb d OJÀH$Î`mUmgmR>r _wbmßZm oZam[ ⁄mdm, AgodZdyZ gmßoJVb. ZaZmamÙ F$fr _wbmßMm d _mVmßMmoZam[ KD$Z VrW©`mÃm d V[mMaUmg oZKyZ Jb. dog>F$fr gaÒdVr ZXrM H$mR>r dmÒVÏ`mg oZKyZ Jb d AÃrZ_©X¿`m H$mR>r Aml_ ]mßYyZ OJVm’ma H$a `mg oZKyZJb.

AJÒÀ`tZm AßVkm©ZmZ odX^m©Mr amOH$›`m Am[br^m`m© hmUma Amh Ag H$ib. À`mßZr À`m amOH$›`g_mJUr Kmb `mgmR>r Hwß$oS>Z[ya ZJarbm Jb d VWrbamOmOdi amOH$›`gmR>r oddmhm[´rÀ`W© bm[m_w–Mr_mJUr H$br. Am[Î`m]‘b gd© _mohVr amOmbm dbm[m_w–bm gmßoJVbr. bm[m_w–Z AJÒÀ`rbm Ò[Ô>MgmßoJVb, "_woZd`©, Am[U oejUmZ d gßÒH$mamZ dß⁄Pmbm AmhmV, h Ia; [aßVw oddmhmgmR>r EdT>ÁmM JmÔ>r[waem ZgVmV. W XmZ OrdmßM gd© O›_O›_mßVamM ]ßYZAgV. oddmhmZ XmK Ûr-[wÈf O›_âmgmR>r, gßÒH$ma]’,ghdmg]’ d d°MmnaH$ AmMmamZ g_mZ [mVirM hmD$ZH$m`_M ]mßYrb amhVmV. À`m XmKmß¿`mhr Òd^mdmM,gd`tM, ÈMtM EH$_H$mßZm AmH$bZ hmD$Z [aÒ[amßZm`mΩ` Agb [mohO d À`mV H$mUmMrhr Hwß$M]Um hmD$Z`, [ÒVmdm H$amdm bmJy Z` `mgmR>r gd© VËhZ [na[yU©EH$_H$mßM AmH$bZ H$Í$Z KD$Z [yU© odMma H$a `mMrOÈar Amh. Am[U F$fr O›_m[mgyZ oZÓH$mßMZ, oZd dmVamhVm. _r amOmMr H$›`m AgyZ gwImV, bmS>mV, d°^dmVdmT>b. haH$m_r XmgXmgr AmhV. _bm H$mUVmhr Ãmggmg `mM _mhrV Zmhr. _r AmO[`™V Og OrdZ d d°^d^mJb VemVËhZ OrdZ d d° d _bm ‡m· H$Í$Z X `mMrHw$dV o_idm, ÒdV:Mm Òd^md _m¬`m`mΩ` ]Zdm d _JM_m¬`m [moUJ´hUmMr A[jm H$am. _r VwÂhmbm 1 dfm©Mr_wXV XV. VdT>Ám AdYrV _O`mΩ` d° d o_idyZ AmUm.

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_J _r Vw_¿`m _mJUrMm ÒdrH$ma H$aZ.'

dmVm[rMr H$WmdmVm[rMr H$WmdmVm[rMr H$WmdmVm[rMr H$WmdmVm[rMr H$Wm

`m‡H$ma bm[m_w–M ^mfU EHy$Z AJÒÀ`ramOdmS>Ám]mha [S>bm d dfm ©V d°^d o_idyZbm[m_w–]am]a oddmh H$a `mMm oZ¸` H$Í$Z oZKmbm.H$mhr oXdgmßZr _oU_yVuM BÀdb-dmVm[r `m ZagßhmaH$aUmË`m amjg amO¤`mßMr _mohVr g_Obr. _mR>_mR>ÁmF$fr, ]´m˜U, amO, ‡YmZ dJ°a _m›`da Ï`∫$s®Zm Am[bm[mh˛UMma K `mgmR>r ]mbmdrV. mOZmgmR>r MßXZr [mQ>,gwdUm©M VmQ>, dmQ>Ám, aßJmdÎ`m H$mTy>Z À`m Ï`∫$sMmgÀH$ma H$arV Ag. VwÂhmbm â[ya, –Ï` XD$ dJ°a gmßJyZ^mOZmbm ]gdrV. BÀdb, dmVm[rbm _mZyZ À`m¿`m_mßgmM mOZ [mh˛ `mßZm KmbrV Ag d mOZ PmÎ`mdaBÀdb _ßÃ ÂhUyZ dmVm[rbm ]mbdV Ag.dmVm[r oOdßVhmD$Z À`m [mh˛ `mßM [mQ> \$mSy>Z ]mha `V Ag. AemarVrZ F$fr, ]´m˜U, amO dJ°a _m›`damßZm hr ZamY_OmS>r [mh˛ `mßZm R>ma _mÍ$Z À`mßM _mßg^jU H$arV AgV.

hr hoH$H$V AJÒÀ`tZm ÈMbr Zmhr. À`mßZr od¤mZ,]´m˜U, F$fr dJ°a|Zm gßH$Q>_w∫$ H$a `mM R>adyZ dmVm[r-BÀdbmß¿`m ZJambm Amb. VmZm Am[bm H$_ßS>by Í$ZAoVerK´ [mMH$ agm`Z ]ZdyZ ]am]a KVb d amOmßZm`D$Z ^Q>b. "Am[U AÀ`ßV od¤mZ d Zm_mßoH$V F$ofdaAgyZ H$mhr _hŒdm¿`m H$m`m©gmR>r YZm¿`m B¿N>Z AmbmAmh.' Ag À`mßZr gmßoJVb, amOmßZr À`mßZm â[yaYZXm°bV XD$ Ag gmßJyZ À`mß¿`mH$Sy>Z XdVm[yOZ d hm_hdZ H$Í$Z KVb. ZßVa À`mßZm Zh_r‡_mU ^mOZ dmTy>ZgÀH$ma H$bm d ^mOZmg dmVm[rg _mÍ$Z À`mM _mßgAfimV dmT>b. AJÒÀ`r F$ftZr V ^mOZ OdyZ bJMH$_ßS>byVrb agm`Z fl`m`b. ^mOZmZßVa ]°R>H$sda]gÎ`mda BÀdbmZ dmVm[rg hmH$ _mabr. [aßVw `m dirdmVm[r D$ eH$bm Zmhr. BÀdbmZ 2-3 dim _ßÃ ÂhUyZhmH$ _mabr. [aßVw dmVm[r H$mhr Ambm Zmhr.

BÀdb Km]abm. AJÒÀ`r BÀdbmbm ÂhUmbm, "Vy_bm ^mOZ oXbg. AmZßX Pmbm. AmVm Am[U]mbÎ`m‡_mU _bm hd V YZ ⁄md ÂhUO AmÂhmg‡ÒWmZ R>d `mg ]a [S>b.' BÀdbmMr H$mhr hmbMmboXgZm. oedm` Vm AoV^`^rV Pmbm. VÏhm AJÒÀ`rZÀ`mbm ÂhQ>b, "BÀdbm, Vy Vw¬`m mdmbm dmVm[rbm _mÍ$Z_bm À`mM ^mOZ KmVbg d _ßÃ ÂhUyZ À`mbm ]mbmdybmJbmg. [aßVw dmVm[rM _mP CXamV H$ÏhmM [MZPmbb Amh. AmVm Vm H$gm [aV B©b. VwÂhr AmVm[`™VAem oH$Vr od^yVtZm ZÔ> H$bg? hr gd© hoH$H$V _bmH$ibr hmVr ÂhUyZ Vw_M gßH$Q>oZdmaU H$a `mgmR>r _r`W Ambm. dmVm[r Va AmVm [Mbm, AmVm VwPr [mir.'Ag EH$Î`mda BÀdb amOm AJÒÀ`rbm ‰`mbm d J`md`mH$Í$ bmJbm. AJÒÀ`rZ À`mßMH$Sy>Z A[aß[ma YZ KVbd BÀdmbm _mH$S> ]ZdyZ dZmV [mR>db. À`mMH$Sy>Zo_imbb YZ KD$Z AJÒÀ`r bm[m_w–H$S> Ambm. Vm[ ™VdmVm[r, BÀdbmßM [mna[À` AJÒÀ`rZ H$Î`mMr dmVm©bm[m_w–m d amOm mßM H$mZmda Ambbr hmVr. bm[m_w–bmAJÒÀ`rM gm_œ`© g_OyZ Amb d oVZ oddmhmbm gß_VroXbr. odX^m©¿`m amOmZ bm[m_w–m-AJÒÀ`rMm oddmhH$Í$Z oXbm. oddmh qgYy ZXr¿`m H$mR>r qgYr _hŒmrW©`W gß[fi Pmbm. amOmZ `m Xmß[À`mbm â[ya YZ, Xmg-Xmgr XD$Z ]midU H$br.

oddmhoddmhoddmhoddmhoddmh

CŒmaH$S> OmV AgVmZm AJÒÀ`rbm ‡aUmod⁄Zoed-gVr¿`m oddmhmM Am_ßÃU o_imb. À`mgmR>rAJÒÀ`r-bm[m_w–gh dmamUgrbm oddmh g_maß^mgmR>rJb. Xj ‡Om[VrZ AJÒÀ`r-bm[m_w–M ÒdmJV H$b.VW O_bÎ`m gd© _ßS>itZm ZaZmamÙ F$ftZr AJÒÀ`rZrdmVmo[-BÀdbmMm Zme H$Î`mMr d bm[m_w–er oddmhH$Î`mMr dmVm© gmßoJVbr. VÏhm gdm™Zm AJÒÀ`rM gm_œ ©g_Ob d AmZßX Pmbm.

`m oed-gVr¿`m oddmhmV AJÒÀ`r, odúmo_Ã,

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AÃr `m JwÈ]ßYyMr JmR> [S>br d gdm™Zm AmZßX Pmbm.AZwg`m d AÈßYVr `mßMrhr AmiI hmD$Z ‡_m¿`mJmR>r^Q>r PmÎ`m. `m g_maß^mg XojUVrb _XwaMm [mßeamOm Ambm hmVm. À`mZ AJÒÀ`rZm _Xwabm `D$Z [mßeam¡`mß¿`m [wamohVm¿`m H$m`m©Mr Ywam ÒdrH$mamdr ÂhUyZodZßVr H$br d _hmXd oedmßZr À`mbm _Xwag Om `m]‘bgmßoJVb d oedm¿`m-JwÈ¿`m B¿N>bm _mZ XD$Z _Xwabm

`mM H$]yb H$b. [mße amOm oddmhmZßVa bJM Am[Î`mam¡`mH$S> Jbm. AJÒÀ`r¿`m oddmhmMm gd© gmhim dÀ`mZßVaMm `k gß[Î`mda AoÃ-AZwg`m, doe>-AÈßYVr, C_m-gXmoed, XŒmmÃ` hr gd© _ßS>ir JÎ`mda_J bm[m_w–bm KD$Z _XwagmR>r ‡ÒWmZ R>db.

[m`mMr H$hmUr[m`mMr H$hmUr[m`mMr H$hmUr[m`mMr H$hmUr[m`mMr H$hmUr

_Xwabm Om `mAmYr AJÒÀ`r bm[m_w–bm KD$ZAm[Î`m Hwß$^ _mVbm ^Qy>Z _Xwabm Om `mgmR>r AZwkmKVbr. bm[m_w–gh _mV¿`m [m`m [Sy>Z Amerdm©X KD$ZoZKmbm. VWyZ Vm bm[m_w–¿`m _mVmo[À`mßZm Qy>Z À`mßMmAmerdm©X K `mgmR>r Hwß$oS>Z[wamg Jbm. VW gdm™¿`mJmR>r^Q>r hmD$Z gd© hoH$H$V oZdXZ H$br. ^m`¿`m_mVmo[À`mßM g_mYmZ H$Í$Z Amerdm©X KD$Z [wT> oZKmbm.OmVm OmVm dmQ>V ZaZmam`U F$ft¿`m gmßJ `mdÍ$Z IbamOm¿`m ZJambm [mhmMbm. amOmZ À`mMm H$mhr oXdg[mh˛UMma KD$Z _J [wT> Om, ÂhUyZ odZßVr H$br. amOm¿`me„Xmbm _mZ XD$Z AJÒÀ`r m gh 3-4 g·mh amohbm.VdT>ÁmV amOmda w’mMm ‡gßJ Ambm. amOmZ AJÒÀ`rgodZodb H$s, `w’mMm ‡gßJ gß[dyZ `B©[`™V _mP dVrZ`Wrb am¡`mMm H$ma^ma [hmdm. `w’mMm ‡gßJ gß[dyZAmÎ`mda AmoVœ`-gÀH$ma H$Í$. Vm ÒdrH$mÍ$Z _J_XwagmR>r ‡ÒWmZ R>dmd. amOmda AmbÎ`m ‡gßJmM Ò_aUR>dyZ amOm w’mdÍ$Z [aV B©[`™V Wmß] `mM H$]yb H$bd AJÒÀ`rZ bm[m_w–gh Am[bm À`m ZJarMm _w∏$m_dmT>odbm. amOm-amUr `w’mgmR>r JÎ`m[mgyZ 7-8oXdgmßZr _‹`m›hr EH$ aW `w’jÃmhˇZ Ambm. À`mVyZ

amUr Ambr hmVr. `w’mV amUrMm EH$ [m` VwQy>Z JbmhmVm. gmaœ`mZ amUrMm Vm VwQ>bbm [m`hr aWmVyZ AmUbmhmVm. hr dmVm© gd© ZJamV [gabr. AJÒÀ`rbm hr dmVm©H$iVmM Vm amUr¿`m Q>rg Ambm. amUrbm À`m pÒWVrV[mhyZ À`mbm AoVe` Xw:I Pmb. AJÒÀ`rZ ‹`mZ H$Í$ZXdd°⁄ AoúZrHw$_mamßM Xe©Z KD$Z hoH$H$V oZdXZ H$brd ÀdnaV À`m ZJarbm ` `mgmR>r odZßVr H$br.AJÒÀ`r¿`m AmJ´hm¿`m odZßVrZ AoúZrHw$_ma Vm]S>Vm]À`m ZJarbm Amb d amUrMr [mhUr H$br d godÒVahoH$H$V EH$br. VwQ>bÎ`m [m`mMhr AdbmH$Z H$b dAJÒÀ`r]am]a MMm© H$Í$Z EH$ mOZm H$br. EH$ ‡hamVgd© V`mar H$a `mM R>adb. A‹`m© KQ>H$V Odi¿`mamZmVyZ 1 mam EH$m [mÀ`mMm KD$Z Amb d XmZ oÛ`mßZmÀ`mMm ag H$mT> `mg gmßoJVb. [w›hm BVa gm_J´rAmU `mgmR>r Om `m[ydu À`m oÛ`mßZm gmßoJVb H$s, "À`mZrQ> T>diyZ À`m_‹` Vm VwQ>bbm [m` Q>mHy$Z R>dm.earam¿`m VwQ>bÎ`m [m`m¿`m oR>H$mUr ag H$mTy>Z Cabbm[mbm R>d d [m` dÛmZ ]mßYyZ Q>mH$m. AmÂhr 2 KQ>H$V

Vm.' AJÒÀ`rZ dO´b[ V`ma H$a `mg gmßoJVb d ÒdV:BVa gm_J´r AmU `mg oZKyZ Jbm.

AJÒÀ`r amZmV OmD$Z 10-12 ‡H$maMdZÒ[oVO›` gm_mZ, 2-3 ‡H$maMr _mVr d EH$-XmZBVa –Ï` KD$Z Ambm d À`m gd© gm_mZm›d` dO´b[V`ma H$Í$Z R>dbm. VdT>ÁmV AoúZrHw$_ma gmohÀ` KD$ZAmb. EH$-XmZ XmgtZm oX_Vrbm amh `mg gmßJyZ XwgË`mXmKtZm 1-1 [mVb CH$iV [mUr d Vb V`ma R>d `mggmßoJVb d ]mbmdÎ`mda bJM AmU `mg ]Omdb.AJÒÀ`r d XmKr oX_Vrbm KVbÎ`m oÛ`mßZm KD$ZamUr¿`m _hmbmV Ambm d m Mm°Kmßoedm` BVamßZm ]mhaOm `mg gmßoJVb d _hmbm]mha [hmaH$ar ]gdyZH$mUmghr AmV Z gmS> `modf`r ]Omdb. EH$m ÛrgamUrMm VwQ>bbm [m` agmV R>dbm Amh Vm VgmM KD$Z` `mg gmßoJVb d CH$iV [mUr d Vb AmUdb. eÛ

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CH$iÀ`m VbmV [md KQ>H$m R>dyZ oXbr d [m `m_‹ EH$-XmZ Ò_ KmbyZ À`m [m `mZ AJÒÀ`r d Hw$_ma XmKmßZrhrhmV YwVb d amUrda¿`m C[MmaH$m`m©g gwÈdmV H$br.

èÒdr eÎòH´$`mèÒdr eÎòH´$`mèÒdr eÎòH´$`mèÒdr eÎòH´$`mèÒdr eÎòH´$`m

‡W_ amUrbm EH$mJ´—ÓQ>rMm C[`mJ H$Í$Z [yU©[U^mZaohV H$b. earamMr VwQ>bbr OmJm d VwQ>bbm [m`VbmZ YwdyZ H$mT>bm. VwQ>H$m [m` d earamMm VwQ>bbm[m`mMm ^mJ ‡m `m¿`m earam¿`m ^mJmMm ]marH$ Xmamdm[Í$Z [m`m¿`m Xm›hr VwH$S>Ám Z JßOUmar gir CH$iÀ`mVbmVyZ H$mTy>Z VwH$S> OmS>b d darb YmΩ`mZ [m` oedyZQ>mH$bm d [m` EH$gßY H$bm. À`mda AJÒÀ`rZ ]Zdbbmb[ bmdyZ dÛmZ ]mßYyZ Q>mH$b d ^mZaohV AdÒWVamUrbm Pm[db. hm gd© C[Mma EH$-XrS> KQ>H$V Pmbm.ÂhUO [m` VwQ>Î`m[mgyZ 2-21/

2 ‡hamV amUr¿`m [m`mda

C[Mma Pmbm. `mZßVa AJÒÀ`rbm [wT>rb C[Mmamß]‘bgodÒVa _mohVr XD$Z AoúZrHw$_ma ÒddO`rgmR>r oZKyZJb.

AJÒÀ`r À`mZßVa 2-2 ‡hamß¿`m AßVamZ b[]XbV amohbm. amUr AmÎ`m[mgyZ AJÒÀ`r amUr¿`mgdV AIßS> amohbm. amÃâ odlmßVr o_imÎ`mda gH$miramUr OmJr Pmbr. oVbm VwQ>bÎ`m [m`mbm dÛ ]mßYbboXgb, ]mH$s H$mhr \$aH$ OmUdbm Zmhr. KQ>H$mâmZamUr AJÒÀ`r¿`m AZw_VrZ C^r amohbr d 2-3 [mdbQ>mH$br. [m`mbm WmS>m R>UH$m hmVm, [aßVw Vm Ï`dpÒWVgmßYbm OmD$Z eÎ`H$m`m©Mr OI_hr 4-5 ‡hamV ]arPmbr. AJÒÀ`rZ amUrbm gmßoJVb H$s, À`m oXderodlmßVr KD$Z XwgË`m oXder amOmH$S> `w’mbm OmD$eH$Vrb. hm dO´b[ 2-2 ‡hamßZr \$∫$ ]XbU OÍ$aAmh. [U AmYr _Yo_olV XyY fl`m d g]ßY oXdgâVmM Amhma ø`m. Aem arVrZ amUrbm VwQ>bbm [m` gmßYyZXmZM oXdgmßV `w’mgmR>r C^r H$br.

`mZßVa amOm 4-5 oXdgmßZr amUrgh w’mV odO`r

hmD$Z Ambm. À`mbm AJÒÀ`r¿`m [amH´$_mMr dmVm©H$ibbr hmVrM. amOm-amUrbm AJÒÀ`rMm ‡gßJoZ^mdyZ ZÎ`m]‘b AoVe` hf© dmQ>bm. À`mßZr AJÒÀ`rd bm[m_w–Mm _mR>m gÀH$ma H$br, [yOm H$br, dÛ-AbßH$ma oXb d AJÒÀ`r bm[m_w–m]am]a [mße amOm¿`mamOYmZrbm Ambm. [mße amOmMr JmR> [Sy>Z AJÒÀ`rMr[wamohV [Xmda oZ`w∫$s Pmbbr [mhˇZ gßVmf [mdbm dÀ`mßMm Amerdm©X KD$Z ZJarg Ambm.

g_w–mMm CÑIg_w–mMm CÑIg_w–mMm CÑIg_w–mMm CÑIg_w–mMm CÑI

AJÒÀ`r _Xwabm Ambm d [m S>Á amOmZ À`mMCoMV Ag Ï` ÒdmJV H$b. amOmZ AJÒÀ`rbm [m S>Áam¡`mM [wamohV[X ÒdrH$ma `mMr odZßVr H$br dAJÒÀ`rZ Vr ÒdrH$mabr. [m S>Á amOm hm XojU^maVmVrb _mR>m g_m´Q> AgyZ À`mM gm_´m¡` Xyada[gabb hmV. AJÒÀ`r Ambm À`mdir gm_´m¡` Xyada[gabb hmV. AJÒÀ`r Ambm À`mdir [m S>Á am¡ÀmOM H$ai, Vm_riZmSy>, AmßY´Mm H$mhr mJ, H$Zm©Q>H$[o¸_g _mbXrd ]Q>, bj¤r[ ]Q>, [yd© Amo\´$H$Mmgm_mbrb±S>, gwXmZ, [ydH$S>, AßX_mZ oZH$m]ma ]Q>,_bm`m, qgJm[ya, Omdm gw_mÃm, ]mbr dJ°a ]Q>, XojUgbßH$m `W[`™V [gabbm hmVm. AJÒÀ`r hm ]wo’_mZ dHw$eb gß`mOH$ hmVm. À`mZ [m S>Á g_´mQ>mbm gmßoJVb,"gd© [m S>Á gm_´m¡`mMr gwgyÃ ‡H$ma Ï`dÒWm bmdyZÀ`mda oZ`ßÃU R>d `mg _bm H$mhr H$mbmdYr bmJb.AmYr _r maVmda g_w–_mßoH$V ‡XemMr Ï`dÒWm H$aVm.ZßVa 2-3 dfm™¿`m H$mbmdYrZßVa g_w–[ma AgbÎ`m‡XemM oZ`ßÃU H$aVm. À`mgmR>r H$mhr A›` Ï`dÒWmoZ_m©U H$amdr bmJb. Vm[`™V _hmamOmßZr g_w–[ma‡XemßMr AmO Oer Ï`dÒWm H$arV AmhmV VrM MmbyR>dmdr. A›` Ï`dÒWm hmB©[ ™V H$XmoMV OmÒV H$mbmdYrbmJb. Vm[ ™V _bm d gm_´m¡`mbm _hmamOmßZr gmß miyZø`md.' amOmH$Sy>Z AZw_Vr o_imÎ`mda AJÒÀ`r bJMMH$m`m©bm bmJbm.

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AJÒÀ`rZ ‡W_ gd© ‡XemMm Xm°am H$Í$Z [mhUrH$br. ‡À`H$ oR>H$mUr OZV¿`m AS>MUr, [mD$g[mUr,Afi, Am°fYr dZÒ[Vr, [mird OZmda, amZQ>r OZmdaÀ`mßMr oZJm, OßJb d À`mMr Ï`dÒWm `m gdm™Mr À`mZ[ohÎ`m Xm°Ë`mV [mhUr H$br d EH$ AmamIS>m V`ma H$bmd AJÒÀ`rZ gd© ‡XemMr [hmUr H$aVmZm gd© ‡XemMmBoVhmg, yJmb, gm_m›` Ï`dÒWm, am¡`m¿`m Ï`dÒWMr_mßS>Ur, ^mfm g_mOmVrb _mUg d À`mßM ‡_mU,]wo’_mZ, MmnaÕ`gß[fi, Y°`©dmZ, eya, Ï`dÒWmHw$eb,H$Ô>H$ar, `mßM ‡_mU `m gdm™Mr _mohVr o_idbr.

`m XojU ^maVmV _mVm‡YmZ g_mO[’Vr Amh.gd©gmYmaU[U H$ma-ZmJ dßemM bmH$ AmhV d À`mßZr[ydH$S>rb g_w–[ma XemVyZ gd© gßÒH•$Vr d kmZ AmUbAmh d VM dße[aß[amJV Mmby Amh.

oZam[ [mR>dU, ohe] R>dU, hoH$H$Vr obhˇZ‡XemMm BoVhmg V`ma H$aU `mgmR>r H$mhr H$m`_MrÏ`dÒWm H$aU OÍ$a Amh d À`m‡_mU _mUg oeH$dyZV`ma H$aU OÈar Amh Ag À`mbm oXgyZ Amb.

‡W_ AJÒÀ`rZ d bm[m_w–Z `Wrb g_mOmMr^mfm oeHy$Z KVbr d JUe od⁄¿`m AmYmamZ ob[r]ZdyZ ‡mWo_H$ JoUV, ohe] H$aU d obohU mMm emYbmdyZ V kmZ ]wo’_mZ oÛ`m d [wÈfmßZm V`ma H$Í$ZAßJdiUr bmdb. À`m V`ma PmbÎ`m Ûr-[wÈfmßZmoZaoZam˘`m oR>H$mUr [mR>dZy [rR>XdVm, ZJaXdVm dÀ`mZßVa gd© J´m_XdVm m gdm™Zm darb JmÔ>rV V`ma H$Í$ZgwYmaUm H$a `mg gmßoJVb d `m gd© Ûr AoYH$mË`mßZmV`ma H$b. À`mß¿`mH$Sy>Z À`mßZm H$ma^mamgmR>r gdH$dJ©oeH$dyZ V`ma H$bm. AJÒÀ`rZ 3-4 _oh›`mßV am¡`H$ma^mamgmR>r bmJUmam ‡mWo_H$ JoUV, bIZ, dmMZ`m_‹` V`ma H$Í$Z KVbm.

AJÒÀ`rZ Vm_ri ^mfm, À`mMr ob[r d Ï`mH$aUV`ma H$b d oejU JwÍ$H$S> XD$Z oeÓ`mßZm oeH$d `mg

gmßoJVb. AJÒÀ`rZ g_mOmMr d am¡`mMr [ydu[mgyZMmbV Ambbr _mV•gŒmmH$ [’Vr VerM Mmby R>dbr.EH$X_ o[V•gŒmmH$da JÎ`mg Jm|Yi _mOb d oedmòÛ`m WßS> S>m∑`mZ, ‡_i[U, ghmZ^yVr[yd©H$ odMmaH$Í$Z H$ma^ma H$aVmV, Ï`dÒWm[Z MmßJÎ`m‡H$ma hmV,h [mhˇZ _mV•gŒmmH$ [’Vr VerM Mmby R>dbr. oedm`_hgwbmMr [’V Zm_gßÒH$mam‡_mU AY©brMr [’V MmbyR>dbr. Ï`m[mardJm©bm CŒmOZ XD$Z [a‡mßVmer Ï`m[maH$Í$Z gß[Œmr d g_•’r Am `mg bmdb.

`mZßVa À`mZ g_mOm¿`m ‡H•$oVÒdmÒœ`, ZjÃemÛd BVa m°oVH$emÛ, eVremÛ mH$S> bj X `mg gwÈdmVH$br. AZH$ ]wo’dmZ, MmnaÕ`gß[fi, ZroV_mZ _ßS>irh˛S>Hy$Z H$mTy>Z À`mßZm 3-4 _oh›`mßV V`ma H$b d Am wdXdZÒ[Vr d _•X≤Am°fY V`ma H$Í$Z am¡`mVrb amJamB©,AmOma[U `mß¿`mer _wH$m]bm emÛew’ arVrZ H$a `mgoeH$db. À`mgmR>r bmJUmar gmYZgm_wJ´r CÀ[fi H$Í$Zdi‡gßJr C[`mJr [S>mdr ÂhUyZ gßÒH$ma H$Í$Z gmR>dUyH$H$a `mg oeH$db. ZjÃod⁄m d ^m°oVH$od⁄m `mßMmÒWmoZH$ d CŒmaH$S>rb kmZ `mßMm o_bm\$ H$Í$ZH$mb_mZ[’Vr Mmby H$br d ZdZdrZ emY, Mß– d BVaJ´h, Vma `mgß]ßYr AoYH$moYH$ kmZ gß[mXZ H$a `mMrAmdS> oZ_m©U H$Í$Z kmZgßdY©Z d Zdgß[mXZ `mgmR>rÏ`dÒWm H$br. ^m°oVH$emÛm¿`m gßdY©Z d Zdgß[mXZH$a `mgmR>r H$m`©emim d [rR> oZ_m©U H$br d À`mgmR>rbmJUma bmH$ V`ma H$b.

ZmJ d H$ma bm H$m ß¿`m Zm °H$memÛmMm dgmJaemÛm¿`m kmZmMm C[`mJ H$Í$Z À`mßZm H$m`©aVH$a `mgmR>r Zm°H$m]mßYUr, odXe gßMma, gmJa dmhVyH$`m_‹` AmdS> oZ_m©U H$Í$Z C⁄mJmßZm d Ï`m[mambmCŒmOZ oXb. H$Zm©Q>H$, H$ai, [o¸_ Vmo_iZmSy> `m_‹ÒßJb â[ya AgyZ CŒm_[°H$s OhmO ]mßY `mOmJ bmHy$S>â[ya o_iV hmV. (BÛmEbZ B.[y.1050 ¿`m gw_mamg\$mZoe`Z Ï`m[mË`mßZr gmbm_Z amOmgmR>r Ama_mar

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OhmO, Ï`m[mar OhmO d OÈgb_¿`m ¡ y bmH$mßM XD$i]mßY `mgmR>r bmHy$S>, hpÒVXßV d aßJr]aJr KS>rd H$mVrd XJS> d \$aem _ßJbma ]ßXamVyZ OÈgb_bm Z `mVAmb.) À`mMm C[`mJ H$Í$Z AJÒÀ`rZ OhmO ]mßYU dg_w–[ma Ï`m[ma `m JmÔ>tZm _hŒd XD$Z am¡`m¿`m dOZV¿`m YZdY©Z¿`m H$m_mg CŒmOZ oXb. AJÒÀ`rZZ⁄m, Zmb, AmT> mßZm ]ßYma KmbyZ [mUr AS>dyZ OZVggm H$Í$Z oXbr. eVr H$aUmË`mZr m ]ZdbÎ`m Agßª`VbmdmßVyZ eVrgmR>r [mUr C[gyZ CÀ[fi dmT>dmd, ÂhUyZgmßoJVb. À`m_wi OZVbm [m `mMr gm` Pmbr, Hy$[ dodohatZm [mUr dmT>b. g_mO[’Vr d am¡`[’Vr_mV•gŒmmH$ AgÎ`mZ ›`m`XmZ maVr` ‡XemMm H$ma^ma[mh `mg bm[m_w–g gmßJyZ Am[Umg g_w–[ma ‡XemMmH$ma^ma d ZdZdrZ H$m`©emim, emYemim, ZjÃemim`m _m°obH$ H$m_mßgmR>r ÒdV:M _mH$i H$Í$Z KVb.

_m°obH$ emYH$m`©_m°obH$ emYH$m`©_m°obH$ emYH$m`©_m°obH$ emYH$m`©_m°obH$ emYH$m`©

emYemiV À`mZ gm°aoH$aUm[mgyZ gai od⁄wVD$Om©]ZdUma KQ> V`ma H$b d `m od⁄wVCOZ gmJar [m `mModKQ>rH$aU H$Í$Z Am∞p∑gOZ d h°S≠>mOZ o_id `mM dÀ`mM \w$J (H$m[S>r) ^Í$Z R>d `mM H$m`© gwÍ$ H$b.gmJamV dmÒVÏ` H$aUmË`m Agßª` amjgmß¿`m Ãmgm[mgyZ_w∫$ hmD$Z ‡dmg oZYmH$ d AoVObX hm `m¿`m —Ô>rZAJÒÀ`rZ od⁄wV, Am∞p∑gOZ d h°S≠>mOZ mß¿`m ghmÊ`mZhdVyZ ObX JVrZ [´dmg H$aUmar od_mZ V`ma H$Í$Zg_w–[ma AgbÎ`m [mße am¡`mMr [mhUr d Ï`dÒWm[ZH$a `mgmR>r od_mZ dm[Í$ bmJbm.

1) VßOmda¿`m JßWgßJ´hmb`mV AmOhr AJÒÀ`rMrod_mZemÛ ÂhUyZ [mWr Vm_ri mfV h`mV Amh. (^mfmOwZr, ‡mMrZ Vm_ri Amh.) od_mZmßgmR>r BßYZ,gmJa[m `m[mgyZ o_imbb Am∞p∑gOZ, h°S≠>mOZ dod⁄wVKQ>mVyZ o_iUmar od⁄wV mß¿`m gm_wXmo`H$ H$maUmßZro_iUmË`m D$Oda AJÒÀ`rMr od_mZ MmbV AgV.

À`mgmR>r AJÒÀ`rZ ]aM gmJar [mUr dm[Í$Z gß[db`mdÍ$Z AJÒÀ`rZ g_w– fl`m`Î`mMr H$Wm aMyZ OJmbmgmßoJVbr.

`m gd© hoH$H$VrdÍ$Z AJÒÀ`r hm F$fr hmVm.([ßoS>V _YwgyXZ AmPm mßZr F$fr ÂhUO d°kmoZH$ d dXÂhUO kmZ Aer Ï`mª`m H$br Amh d Vr AJXr IarAgÎ`mM ‡À``mbm `V.)

AJÒÀ`r hm agm`Z emÛk AgyZ BßoOZr`a hmVm.AbrH$S>¿`m odúúaÊ`m‡_mU Vm EH$ –Ô>m AgyZ ]wo’_mZemÒVm hmVm. MVwaÚ mOH$ hmVm. AJÒÀ`r dZÒ[oVV¡kAgyZ CŒm_ d°⁄H$hr hmVm. BV∑`m JwUr d H$sVudßV F$frMr\$ma _mohVr Zmhr, H$maU gd© Zm_mßoH$V F$ft[mgyZ bmß]XojU maVmV D$Z OJÀdß⁄ H$m`© H$b. [U hr hoH$H$Vgd© À`mdi¿`m Zm_mßoH$V F$ftZm _mhrV ZÏhVr.

AJÒÀ`rZ od_mZmMr oZo_©Vr H$Í$Z ^maVm[mgyZXyada g_w–[ma AgbÎ`m [m S>Á gm_´m¡`mVrb ‡XemMr[mhUr d H$ma^ma Xa ghm _oh›`mßZr EH$Xm gd© gmJa[ma‡XemßZm Q> XD$Z Am[b oeojV AZw dr ‡oVoZYr Z_yZCŒm_ H$ma^ma H$bm. gd© ‡Xembm CfiV H$Í$Z gw\$b H$Í$ZR>db. À`mbm gd© emÛmV, gmohÀ`mV, H$m`m©V MmßJbrJVr hmVr ÂhUyZ AJÒÀ`rbm [m S>Á gm_´m¡`mVrboeÎ[H$ma ÂhUyZ Vm_ri dmL≤>_`mZ Jm°adb Amh.

AJÒÀ`rZ Xa Mma dfm©Z _XwaV _hmg^m ^adyZgd© gm_´m¡`mVrb Imbrb odf`mV AJ´ga AgUmË`mÏ`∫$s®Zm [waÒH$ma XD$Z Jm°ad `mMm H$m`©H´$_ gwÍ$ H$bm.h [waÒH$ma AmO¿`m Zm]b [mnaVmofH$m¿`m VmS>rM hmV.À`m_wi OZVV CÀgmh oZ_m©U hmD$Z CŒm_mŒm_ Zm_mßoH$VÏ`∫$s oZ_m©U hm `mMr [aß[am oZ_m©U Pmbr.

1) gdm©V CŒm_ H$Wm, 2) gdm©V CŒm_ H$mÏ`,3) gdm©V CŒm_ ›`m`, 4) gdm©V CŒm_ d°⁄H$, 5) gdm©VCŒm_ d°Ê`mH$aUr, 6) gdm©V CŒm_ agm`ZV¡k, 7) gdm©VCŒm_ ZjÃemÛr, 8) gdm©V CŒm_ IimSy>, 9) gdm©V

38

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CŒm_ `m’m, 10) gdm©V CŒm_ gZm[Vr, 11) CŒm_H$mamJra CÀ[mXH$, 12) gdm©V CŒm_ Jm`H$, 13) gdm©VCŒm_ dmXH$, 14) gdm©V CŒm_ Z•À`[ßoS>V, 15) gdm©VCŒm_ H$bmH$ma, 16) gdm©V CŒm_ am¡`Ï`dÒWm[Z, 17)gdm©V CŒm_ Ao^Z`, 18) gdm©V CŒm_ ZmQ>H$, 19) gdm©VCŒm_ C⁄mOH$

AmUIr EH$m H$m`m©Mm CÑI H$Í$Z AJÒÀ`rMr‡eßgm H$a `mMr B¿N>m hmV Amh. AJÒÀ`rZ ZjÃemimgwÍ$ H$Í$Z gm_´m¡`mVrb ]wo’_mZ bmH$mßZm `m emiV¡`moVfemÛmMr _mohVr XD$Z À`m emÛmV oejU XD$ZoZÓUmV Ï`∫$s oZ_m©U H$a `mMr [aß[am oZ_m©U H$br. `modf`mV À`mß¿`m]am]a ag KD$Z, oMoH$Àgm H$Í$Z,AmH$memVrb J´h, Vma, VmaH$m, hdm_mZ, dma `mß[mgyZhmUma g•Ô>rdarb ]Xb `mß¿`m A‰`mgmV JVr oXbr.

g_mam [g_mam [g_mam [g_mam [g_mam [

AJÒÀ` F$ftMr d À`mß¿`m d°kmoZH$ H$m_mMrAmO¿`m bmH$mßZm ÂhUmdr Ver H$Î[Zm Zmhr. À`m_wiM`m bImV hm AÎ[gm ‡`ÀZ H$bm Amh.

AZßV har [Q>dY©ZAZßV har [Q>dY©ZAZßV har [Q>dY©ZAZßV har [Q>dY©ZAZßV har [Q>dY©Z30-E, lraßJ ghoZdmg,

R>mU - 400 601.Xya‹dZr : 2534 2287

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lr. _YwH$a am_Mß– XdYalr. _YwH$a am_Mß– XdYalr. _YwH$a am_Mß– XdYalr. _YwH$a am_Mß– XdYalr. _YwH$a am_Mß– XdYaH$bmodhma, ‡emßVZJa,

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Ym]r Amir, _mdir _ßS>i hm∞bOdi,Q>|^r ZmH$m, R>mU ([.)- 400 601.

Xya‹dZr : 2537 9519

([mZ H´$.31dÍ$Z)

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CÑICÑICÑICÑICÑI

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- H$m`©H$mar gß[mXH$- H$m`©H$mar gß[mXH$- H$m`©H$mar gß[mXH$- H$m`©H$mar gß[mXH$- H$m`©H$mar gß[mXH$

Am[cr_VOmUyZK `mgAmÂhrCÀgwH$AmhmV.

oXemoZò_VoZò_VoZò_VoZò_VoZò_VdmMm.dmMm.dmMm.dmMm.dmMm.

39

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hm H$m`©H´$_ Am`.Eg≤.Q>r.B©. ÒQw>S>ßQ>g≤ M∞flQ>aV\$Am`moOV H$a `mV Ambm hmVm. `mdir ‡mMm`©lr. _wOw_Xma d C[‡mMm`© lr. Zm`H$ `mßZr od⁄mœ`m™ZmÀ`mß¿`m [wT>rb Am`wÓ`mV C[`mJr [S>b Ag _mJ©Xe©ZH$b. lr. Eg≤.E. gm_U `mßZr od⁄mœ`m™Zm ]h˛_mb_mJ©Xe©Z H$b. ÒQw>S>ßS>g≤ ‡ogS>|Q> l g qPJa AmoU Ydb[maI `mßZr df©âmVrb H$m`©H´$_mMr WmS>∑`mV _mohVroXbr.

H$m ©H´$_mM gyÃgßMmbZ ‡m. _Zrfm db mßZr H$bhmV. Am`.Eg≤.Q>r.B©. gH´$Q>ar, ‡m. gwf_m Hw$bH$Uu mßZr‡mÒVmodH$ H$b. ‡_wI [mh˛U lr. Eg≤.E.gm_U `mß¿`mhÒV od⁄mœ`m™Zm goQ>©o\$H$Q> X `mV Ambr.

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- gßH$obV- gßH$obV- gßH$obV- gßH$obV- gßH$obV

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_m. gß[mXH$

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H$imd,

d°^d Zm_Omerd°^d Zm_Omerd°^d Zm_Omerd°^d Zm_Omerd°^d Zm_Omer13-], gm`w¡` gmgm`Q>r,

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40

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(ÒWm[Zm : 1 Am∞JÒQ> 1935)

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1) S>m∞. ]S>H$a ‡mWo_H$ od⁄mb` (_amR>r _m‹`_)

2) S>m∞. ]S>H$a _m‹ò_H$ od⁄mb` (_amR>r _m‹`_)

3) gm°. AmZßXr]mB© Omer ‡mWo_H$ (BßJÓr)

4) gm°. AmZßXr]mB© Omer _m‹ò_H$ (BßJÓr)

5) ]miH•$ÓU ZmB©H$ ]mßXmS>H$a odkmZ _hmod⁄mb`

6) Zm. Jm. ]S>H$a dmoU¡` d H$. J. Omer H$bm _hmod⁄mb`

7) Q>r. E_≤. gr. odYr _hmod⁄mb`

8) od. ‡. _ßS>imM VßÃoZH$VZ

9) Ï`dÒWm[Z A‰`mgH´$_ gßÒWm

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िवा पर्सारक मंडळठाणे · h$Ïha [{o 2, 3 3,000/-h$Ïha [{o 4...

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