17 nov 08 toste de azevedo
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Vimeiro, 17 de Novembro de 2008
Sustentabilidade / Renováveis e Pilhas de Combustível
João Toste de AzevedoLuis Manuel Alves
Vimeiro, 17 de Novembro de 2008
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CONTENTS
• Utsira, Norway• Attica, Greece• Mljet, Croatia• Porto Santo, Portugal
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Utsira, NorwayUtsira, Norway
Utsira – wind hydrogen energy system
Norsk Hydro
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Utsira – wind-hydrogen Stand Alone Power System (SAPS)
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Utsira – wind-hydrogen Stand Alone Power System (SAPS)
SAPS
Customers
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Wind-Hydrogen SAPS
~
~
Transformerstation
Local load
AC-grid (low voltage)
AC-grid (high voltage)
Wind turbines
Fuel cell
AC / DC DC / AC
Transmissionline
Hydrogen System
Electrolyzer
H2-storage
~
Vimeiro, 17 de Novembro de 2008
Wind-Hydrogen SAPS
~
~
Transformerstation
Local load
AC-grid (low voltage)
AC-grid (high voltage)
Wind turbines
Fuel cell
AC / DC DC / AC
Transmissionline
Hydrogen System
Electrolyzer
H2-storage
~
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Hydrogen ”Battery”
Renewable power sourceRenewable
power sourceConsumer Power conditioning/
controller
DC or AC AC
Electrolyser
Hydrogen
Fuel cell / H2-engine
H2-refuelling station
DC DC
Heat
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Utsira Wind-Hydrogen SAPS
Haugaland KraftHaugaland Kraft
Norsk Hydro Electrolyser
Enercon
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Utsira – wind-hydrogen Stand Alone energy system
POE - Date: 2002-09-02 - Page: 4NHE
Kjørbo
The area needed is approximate 17 x 30 meter (~500 m2)
5-6 containers are placed on the service area during the demo period
Enercon, 2-3 containersNorsk Hydro Electrolysers, 1-2 containersHydrogen motor/generator, 1 container
Fuel cell, 1 container
Service area for the WEC
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Load profile - customers
Navn Forbruk1 Austerheim Konrad 4 3092 Austrheim Anny 19 9903 Austrheim Bjarne 21 2114 Austrheim Bjarne 1 2415 Austrheim Elling 17 6576 Austrheim Jostein 18 7397 Austrheim Jostein 11 4698 Austrheim Magne Ingolf 15 5809 Austrheim Tor Kåre
10 Austrheim Toralf K.11 Both Håvard 20 68412 Dawies Sølvi 22 00013 Ellingsen Hjalmar 16 44514 Ellingsen Trygg 5 76115 Gravelsæter Odd Kjell 4 10516 Hansen Helga 8 69317 Nordvik Trygve 41418 Telenord Nett19 Utsira Kommune Veilys
188 298
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 27 53 79 105
131
157
183
209
235
261
287
313
339
365
391
417
443
Timer
Eff
ekt
[kW
]Peak load: ~50 kW
Energy consume: ~190 MWh/year
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Hourly rate of load
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 520
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Modelled baseline Modelled hourly variation Measured el load
Ele
ctric
ity lo
ad (
kW)
Time (weeks)
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Component characteristics
• Electrolyser: 50 kWpeak (4.8 kWh / Nm3 assumed)(50-100% operation possible only)
• HEGS: 60 kWpeak (0-100% operation possible)
• Storage unit: Compressed gas – 200 bar• Compressor: Not included• Battery: Not included
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Energy characteristics
• EWECS = 2805 MWh / yr
• Eel.load (10 houses) = 196 MWh / yr = 19 600 kWh / yr / house
• Edeficiency= EHEGS = 15 MWh / yr
• Eexported = 2544 MWh / yr
• Eto_load & H2-system = 261 MWh / yr
• EtoH2-system= EELY = 65 MWh / yr
• Energy efficiency for H2-system = 23%
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Power balance (wind – el. load)
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52-50000
-40000
-30000
-20000
-10000
0100000200000300000
400000500000600000
PW
EC
S -
PLO
AD (
W)
Time (weeks)
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State of charge – storage unit
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 520.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
SO
C H
2 st
orag
e un
it (-
)
Time (weeks)
Critical period:Storage may be reducedby use of battery
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Electrolyser and genset
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 520
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
55000
P
ower
(kW
)
Time (weeks)
PELY
PHEGS
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Electrolyser and genset
• Genset: − Starts & stops: ~60 yr-1
– Operation hrs: 977 h / yr• Electrolyser:
− Starts & stops: ~50 yr-1
− Operation hrs: 2106 h / yr
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Storage size
• 13 m3 @ 200 bar = 2300 Nm3
• This may be reduced by the introduction of a battery
• Just below 10 m3 should be possible
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Attica, GreeceAttica, Greece
RES & Hydrogen Technologies Integration SectionRES Directorate
CRES
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Wind hydrogen test site (RES2H2)
General View of
wind-hydrogen installation
Key Components
Key data
Start-up October 2005
Wind Turbine 500 kW
Alkaline Electrolyser
25 kW, 5 Nm3/h H2
20 bar99.98 %v. purity
Metal hydride tanks
LaNi5 type40 Nm3 in MH tanks
Hydrogen compressor
Single stage10 - 220 bar
Filling station 100 Nm3 in cylinders
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Wind hydrogen test site (RES2H2)
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RES & H2 Technologies Integration Laboratory of CRES
Objective: The integration of i) hydrogen production technologies (alkaline and PEM electrolysis
– biotehanol reforming), ii) hydrogen storage technologies (compressed gaseous storage and
in metal hydrides)iii) hydrogen re-electrification technologies (PEM fuel cells and
Alkaline Fuel Cells) in an existing PV-based hybrid system Total Budget: 440.000 Euro
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Mljet, Croatia
Wind-solar hydrogen energy systemUniversity of Zagreb
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
sati
op
tere
ćen
je [
kW]
Mljet load 2002-15.
MLJET - Power system
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
sati
brzin
a v
jetra [
m/s
]
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
sati
kW
h/m
2MLJET - Resources
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4 x 33 kW1 x 300,5 kW
PV paneli =12 000 m2
51% potrošnje 2005. + 0,74 GWh = 74% 2005.
MLJET - Renewable Island
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4 x 33 kW3 x 300,5 kW PV panels =92 000 m2
MLJET - Renewable Island
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Porto Santo, PortugalPorto Santo, Portugal
EDEN – PPS3wind hydrogen energy system
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Location
• Near Parque Eólico do Cabeço do Carvalho owned by EEM
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Layout Scheme
• Main Equipment:
– Fuel Cell (PEM) of 7,5 kW
– PEM Electrolyser with a production rate of 2 m3N/h of H2
– Water Deionizer with a production capacity of 50 l of
deionised water per day
– Storage vessel for H2 with a 55 m3N capacity
– Monitoring and Control System for the complete system
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Electricity
Ele
ctri
city
H2
H 2
Hydrogen System
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OBRIGADO