O texto seguinte foi publicado na seo Healthfor Life da revista Newsweek. Leia-o e res-ponda as questes de nmeros 11 a 16.

Stronger, Faster, Smater

Exercise does more than build muscles andhelp prevent heart disease. New science showsthat it also boosts brainpower and may offer

hope in the battle against Alzheimers.

BY MARY CARMICHAEL

The stereotype of the dumb jock hasnever sounded right to Charles Hillman. Ajock himself, he plays hockey four times aweek, but when he isnt body-checking hisopponents on the ice, hes giving his mind acomparable workout in his neuroscience andkinesiology lab at the University of Illinois.Nearly every semester in his classroom, hesays, students on the womens cross-countryteam set the curve on his exams. So recentlyhe started wondering if there was a vital andoverlooked link between brawn and brains if long hours at the gym could somehow buildup not just muscles, but minds. Withcolleagues, he rounded up 259 Illinois thirdand fifth graders, measured their body massindex and put them through classic PEroutines: the sit-and-reach, a brisk run andtimed push-ups and sit-ups. Then he checkedtheir physical abilities against their mathand reading scores on a statewidestandardized test. Sure enough, on the whole,the kids with the fittest bodies were the oneswith the fittest brains, even when factors suchas socioeconomic status were taken intoaccount. Sports, Hillman concluded, mightindeed be boosting the students intellect and also, as long as he didnt take the puck tothe head, his own ()

(Newsweek, April 9, 2007.)

Charles Hillman :a) professor e pesquisador da Universidadede Illinois.

b) mdico neurocirurgio na Universidade deIllinois.c) estudante da Universidade de Illinois.d) atleta da Universidade de Illinois.e) tcnico do laboratrio de neurocincia daUniversidade de Illinois.

alternativa A

No texto:... [Charles Hillmans] neuroscience andkinesiology lab at the University of Illinois. Nearlyevery semester in his classroom...Observao: o ttulo deveria ser Stronger, Faster,Smarter, e no como constou.

Charles Hillman tinha um questionamentosobre uma possvel relao entre:a) as mulheres atletas e o time de corrida.b) a prtica de exerccios fsicos e a otimiza-o do desempenho do crebro.c) o uso do crebro e o desenvolvimento docncer de mama.d) a prtica de exerccios fsicos e o desenvol-vimento de msculos nas mulheres.e) as habilidades fsicas e o aumento do cre-bro.

alternativa B

No texto:"... he started wondering (...) if long hours at thegym could somehow build up not just muscles, butminds."

A pesquisa apresentada no texto foi desenvol-vida pora) Hillman e 259 cidados de Illinois.b) colegas de Hillman e 259 cidados deIllinois.c) Hillman e outros colegas.d) participantes do time de hockey de Illinoise mulheres do time de corrida.e) colegas de Hillman e participantes do timede hockey de Illinois.

Questo 11

Questo 12

Questo 13

alternativa C

No texto:"With colleagues, he [Hillman] rounded up 259Illinois..."

Os referentes their e the ones destacados notexto se referem respectivamente a:a) mulheres e crianas.b) habilidades fsicas e crianas.c) testes padronizados e mulheres.d) alunos de 3as. e 5as. sries e crianas.e) corpos e crebros.

alternativa D

"Then he checked their [third and fifth graders]physical abilities...""... the kids with the fittest bodies were the ones[= the kids] with the fittest brains...

A idia expressa pelo marcador textual evenwhen, em itlico no texto, a de que:a) embora no se considerem os fatores so-cioeconmicos, os resultados so confiveis.b) mesmo quando considerados os fatores so-cioeconmicos, os resultados so confiveis.c) se considerssemos os fatores socioecon-micos, os resultados seriam confiveis.

d) porque consideramos os fatores socioecon-micos, os resultados so confiveis.e) somente considerando os fatores socioeco-nmicos, os resultados so confiveis.

alternativa B

Traduo da frase "Sure enough, on the whole...":De fato, no geral, os garotos que estavam maisem forma eram aqueles com as mentes mais afia-das, mesmo quando considerados fatores socioe-conmicos.

Os resultados da pesquisa indicam quea) no h uma relao significativa entre aprtica de atividade fsica e o desempenho docrebro.b) fazer parte do time de hockey fundamen-tal para alunos de 3as. e 5as. sries.c) as mulheres tm melhor desempenho nasprovas de neurocincia do que os homens.d) estudantes com ndice de massa corporalalto no devem ser submetidos a exerccios f-sicos.e) h uma forte relao entre a prtica de ati-vidade fsica e o desempenho do crebro.

alternativa E

No texto:"... the kids with the fittest bodies were the oneswith the fittest brains (...). Sports, Hillmanconcluded, might indeed be boosting the studentsintellect..."

ingls 2

Questo 14

Questo 15

Questo 16

Leia o texto seguinte e responda s pergun-tas de nmeros 25 a 28, em portugus.

Hyper kids? Check their diet

Parents have long observed that somekids go bonkers after eating foods with a lotof artificial ingredients or neon-bright colors.Medical researchers not to mention thefood industry have been skeptical; therewas no proof of this effect, at least nothinglike a double-blind, controlled study.

As so often happens, however, theparents turned out to be a step ahead of thepros. A carefully designed study published inthe British journal the Lancet shows that avariety of common food dyes and thepreservative sodium benzoate aningredient in many soft drinks, fruit juicesand salad dressings do cause some kids tobecome measurably more hyperactive anddistractible. The findings prompted BritainsFood Standards Agency to issue animmediate advisory to parents to limit theirchildrens intake of additives if they notice aneffect on behavior. In the U.S., there hasntbeen a similar response, but doctors say itmakes sense for parents to be on the alert.

The study, led by Jim Stevenson, aprofessor of psychology at EnglandsUniversity of Southampton, involved about300 children in two age groups: 3-year-oldsand 8- and 9-year-olds. Over three one-weekperiods, the children were randomly assignedto consume one of three fruit drinks daily:one contained the amount of dye and sodiumbenzoate typically found in a British childsdiet, a second had a lower concentration ofadditives, and a third was additive-free. Thechildren spent a week drinking each of thethree mixtures, which looked and tastedalike. During each seven-day period,teachers, parents and graduate students(who did not know which drink the kidswere getting) used standardizedbehavior-evaluation tools to size up suchqualities as restlessness, lack ofconcentration, fidgeting and talking orinterrupting too much.

Stevenson found that children in bothage groups were significantly morehyperactive when drinking the beverage withhigher levels of additives. Three-year-oldshad a bigger response than the older kids didto the drink with the lower dose of additives,which had about the same amount of foodcoloring as in two 2- oz. (57 g) bags of candy.But even within each age group, somechildren responded strongly and others notat all.

Stevensons team is looking at how geneticdifferences may explain the range ofsensitivity. One of his colleagues believes thatthe additives may trigger a release ofhistamines in sensitive kids. In general, theeffects of the chemicals are not so great as tocause full-blown attention-deficit/hyperactivitydisorder (ADHD). Still, the paper warns thatthese adverse effects could affect the childsability to benefit from the experience ofschool.

(Time, September 13, 2007.)

a) Qual o assunto do texto?b) Quais os resultados do estudo publicadopela revista britnica The Lancet?

Resposta

a) Os efeitos em crianas de certos aditivos en-contrados em alimentos industrializados.b) Que uma gama de corantes e o conservantebenzoato de sdio, de fato, fazem com que ascrianas se tornem mais hiperativas e com poucaconcentrao.

a) O que fez a agncia britnica que controlaos alimentos a partir dos resultados?b) Qual a conseqncia que os resultados ti-veram nos Estados Unidos?

Questo 25

Questo 26

Resposta

a) Alertou os pais para que limitassem o consumode aditivos por seus filhos caso notassem altera-es de comportamento.b) No tiveram o mesmo efeito, porm os mdi-cos aconselham os pais a ficar atentos.

a) Qual a composio do grupo pesquisadopor Jim Stevenson?b) Como foi o procedimento do estudo?

Resposta

a) O grupo era composto por cerca de 300 crian-as, divididas em duas faixas etrias: as de trsanos e as de oito e nove anos.b) O estudo durou trs semanas. As bebidas fo-ram divididas em trs tipos: sem nenhum aditivo,

com baixa concentrao de aditivos e com a con-centrao tpica de aditivos. Em cada semana ascrianas consumiram aleatoriamente um dos tipose seu comportamento foi posteriormente analisa-do.

a) De acordo com o 3. pargrafo, o que osresultados revelam?b) O que o grupo de Stevenson est investi-gando a partir dos resultados?

Resposta

a) Os resultados do estudo aparecem no 4 par-grafo, e no no 3, como afirma o enunciado.H uma relao direta entre o consumo de aditi-vos e a hiperatividade infantil.b) O papel das diferenas genticas na variaode sensibilidade aos aditivos.

ingls 2

Questo 27

Questo 28