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frSTRON OMi CA L SOCI ETY*.fi-fi'lr o$, P €t tl,sy Lv A it't A

LAs oFFICERS AND BoARD MEIvIBERS FOR T9B4

President Jo-Ann Pluclennikiiecretary J. I'tichael SchlrraJunlor Vlce President Bobert BolockAt-Large lriembers Debble Holrnes/Frank

Vlce Pres id entTreasurer Joe

Itlaros /t-,uann Naughton

John SablaKamichitls

DATE

LAS CALENDAR

ACTIVITY PLACE TIl\TE

May 1,.,. Regular monthly neetlng Everhart l{useum ?:30 PYt

Tue sday

Iiay 5 offlcie.l Club N1ght and KJclLASo, F1eetvllle 5 PM a onSaturday Astronoay DaY

llay 15 Boerd of Dlrectors Ueettng hone of J. Pluciennlk 8:00 PM

Tue s day

I'tay 30 tast publtc nlght of sprlng KJclLASo, Fleetvllle 7:30 to 8PI{rlednesday sess lon

lLay 30 Partial Solar ecltpse Entlre Unlted States naxlmun atWednesday about 1P!1 EDI

June J Regula.r monthly neetlng Everhart Museum 7:30 PIITue s day

June 9 0fflclal cl-ub observln$ nlght KJCILASo, F1eetvllle 9 PM & onSat urday

June 19 Board. of Dlrectors Ivleetlng home of J. Pluclenntk 8:00 PM

Tue sd.ay

On all offlclal club nlghts, a keyholder to KJC/LASo will be present(elther John Sabia- or Jo-Ann Pluclennlk. ) On other cl-ear weekend nl8hts ' con-tact J. Iluclennlk (346-3268) to see If the place w111 be unlocked or w111you have to brlng your own tscopes and warm up In your car. KJC observatoryrsphone number 1s )t+J{665, but, people are not always near to the phone to hearft. KJC,/LASo ls on Boute 107, about halfway froe Exlt 6t of I 81 , as youhead to Fleetvll]-e Corners. You take a left on Hack Boad.

-2-$PBII$G ACTIVIIIES

Our l,ia;r I ueeting features sonethlng old and somethlng" new. Especla"llyfor o u..r yoLlnger riei,lbers, we r1l be showlng a sounC/f llnstrip on the pre-shuttlespace prcstre.li,. (Irvt just recently become aware of the fact tha.t rnost of mystLldenis were bo i:'n af ter t,he f lrst moon landlrg. ldhat a nasty shock fo-r me ! ! )

F-or a.l1 of ii.s l;hrr r,r.psoaing events talk w11I f e? ture the r''iat' 30 ecllpse.

For bh.j June ueetlng, we have a speclal treat, Dr. Alex lrlqrker ls sched-uled to speak on "i'ia.)iing Optical Glass " " l)r " MsrkeL ls associated wlthSchott Optical in Duryea, PA. /tre hope everyone will take adv.rntage of bhischance Lo h< : v a--. e xpert.

Ilay J ls Ast::onorL; Day nnd will- be marked bJ' the LAS at KJC/LASo obser-vatorles. r,ie rl} be there from 5 PIvi on wlth solar observlng, novles, f iln-strips, te)-escopes set t.rp for night observlng, astronor:lca1 displays andcoff ee. )ress w&rrrrl-y, L:ring your ouln rscopes a.nC blnocrilars; help us out vrlth'Ehe publ!.c a,ncr. en joy the good counlry skles. f ; w111 l)e good practlce forour s r-tame r sessions at Prornlsed L€rnci iitate Perrk ernd Hlckory 8un State Park.See yo Lr there.

Jo*Ann Pluc iennlkPresident

IIi i'i::,.ilVI tilr,V ta/I'IH C0L0N';L DOil;ii\LD 11 . Pl!T$rtSONMarc l'r 20 , L')84

On Tuesd.a";,', i"r;.r:ch 2Cth, I had an opl,ortunlty to neet end ta.]k withColonel I1. petei:son, a crew member of the Space Sh'rttle who partlclpatedr. lnthe maiden vcyage of the 0V*099 Cha)-Ienger.

The Shuttle tlfted off on Monday, llprll 4, 1983. The crew of the STU-6consi-stecl of Paul J. inieltz (roho had prevtously been ln space r,vith the Skylabnissicns Ln L9?3), Karo1 J. i3obko, irranklln S. l{usErave and Dona1d i{. Feter-scn ( 1;hc, lsi,.Ls.i: rll:,r-ir j.r g thelr f lrst space f 1t1hts ) .

Ihis r. ssion is probably best rer:ierrlbered for the satelllle that alrtostwasnrt" Ihe t:rr-ci;in5i and data. relay sa"telllte was to be placed into s. geo*statlonary orbit over the Westerr rttlnntlc Ocean. The launch of TDBS-1 wentwell and so cLld the flrst stage of the t!^ro-st3te Inertlal upper staSe boosterrocket, .,3ut tho seccnd stage only L)urned parLlal-ly, pl"acing the TDiS-1 iustnear lts proper ort,lt only at the hlgh polnt of its now lncorrect orbit.Beti,reen l4ay e'.nd. ;he end of Jrrne, wlth a serles of complex I.r:aneuvers uslng thealtlbude control thrusters (which were desl6ned only to nudge TDnS-1 aroundwh-.n 1t was in ,he correct orblt), TD8U-1 wets placed into lts correct orbitand is now functional .

Cclonel Pe ;t::sr:n lr'ta$ a ne!-'tber r:f the t\ir Force and was a t?st pllot ati{right-Palttrson Alr Force Base. He spent one ancl one-ha}f years tralnlngto be aboard

"he Shuttle. I askecl fcr his descriptlon of the Shuttfe, ;thlch

was, "Itts tcrjl6h 1;o iflegine a 727 (aLrplane) on end because we usually seethlngs i: ir.ir. t 1-,-:r; -": hcvlzoniall-y. iiut I can trest expJ-aln 1t 1lke one liti;lechi1d, who vras ln 'che erns cf h1s fs.ther, io:.Klng up' the chlld said, rlttstoo hig tc si;e.' rJllen ;.eiirp3 on the platfor:r, ltos like looking aL a bulld-lng: )rou oi.rl ::i'.e :r t.,iece her:, a plsoe tha:r3, i:ut 'c11 cr-:t it soe lh* iuholethlng Elt once. rr

Tc lh3 erer.d, -l-t'i launch is not that spectacular. Vlsue.lIy, f ortil:aie1yfor the publ:.c, iie'liave c':lreras all over. I'he closest carera not on Lhe plat-f r:rn 1s aUout 3 r,:. .L-os 'i'i{?y " Ine only vrlndo,us use::l:f e on thc Shuttl3 ::t lif tof f a::e th: frcnt -r,rir:d,ows, which 81r/e a wonC.e-rf ul vlew of the sky ! By th€ti;.:: the ii.Iu;tl-e cloes Lts rol-lover, 1t ls :rlraost to Africe, so ihe fl::etLhlng thrt cor.res inNo vle!,, ls ihe ocean. The cLew really lsn I t interes bedln wiurtrs to be seerr, because thet:e are i ar\.y thlnfls brt do befcre, during 4(af te1. Ilf t-off . ll:ere are checj<llsts Salrore to m.rke sure everythlng iS 1';oxk-ing properly.

Once Ln splice' at f?,500 $iles per: hour, sunrises occur about eve::}r 1!ho,-lrs, lh3ie a:r! plenty of things to Co, f1'cn experlments to housecleanlng.The wcrk<laJ' 1.s abcul 15 hours lon8, glving the crew only a srall :r:roun.b oftlme for tlr*,lrSel-Ves. ilnce sunrlses occur i:Very 12! hou.rs, a persoli sets a

-3-

clock tc knou'; the bime of day and then sleeps by the clock "

coulr'l slee p a'i, s"iI I

I woncler if I

colonel Peterson dld several experlments, one of whlch involved a con-tlnLroqs-f1ow electrophoresls system. Thts systern lnrrolves flowlng a solutlonthrough a t,,ibe nii;h electric plates on top and bottom. As the solutlon fl-owsthrough, the Charges from the plates ttpqlltr and "separatef parts of bhe SO-

]utlon out, so uhen the solutlon reaches the end of the plates, lt ls lnlayers e.nd can lle subtracted lndlvldually. On earth, thls procedure Is af-tettea by 31avity due to the mass of the elem:nts " Also, thermal cumentsoccur frtm-the force of 8rav1ty. Thls resul"ts ln running the system severalii."u to get rpuretr solulions. In space, however, *ravlty does not prevall'elnd the result ts a pure and more efflclently separatecl solutlon.

Colonel Peterson also spent four holrs in a space sult outside the Shut-tle, teathered, of course, so he woul-dnrt run away' lvrost of tbe work doneoutslde was pracblclng manlpulatlon movellents.

Inslde t]le Shu'LtIe, besldes experlments, a lot of ttrBe ls spent onrhousecleaning'r. i{ousecleanlng ls very Important In zero gravlty due ';o bhe

f ""i tf1"t thf figs have a tenden6y to gel awiy. rhc Shuttle is equlpped trtlthfll-ters anC fa.is for a1r circulatlonr so 1lost thlnqs end up ln the fl]ters.Cautlon sti1l has to be tsken so that nothlng g,ets into the electrical systerislncludlng lrtate r.

One proble;r ocCurred when one of the crew was Shavlng wlth an electriotazor .,:t Ll:\ a vacuujt. When he went to clean the little bag of the vacuUn out 'some halr pleces got out and coulrl not be retrleved. one plece eventuallyfloated into :oneone elsers eye. Fortunately, lt wasnrt too major a .:rob1en.

Colonel Peterson explalned that thlngs we take for granted are the hard-est hablts to break 7n zero gravity, such as puttlng thlngs down rather thanputttng sr:nething 6.rray or attaching lt wlth Velcro or a teather Ilne.

A lot of pictures nere taken by the crew -- can you lmaglne tryinq toload a canera in space? iJlth bhe fl1n cr.rnister , fi1in, camera, log book lrndpen, it must get a. llttl-e tough.

i,andin6 the Space Shuttle for the crew conslsts of maklng sure everybhingls ln place and everythlng ls cleaned up. lronlcal-]y, the "lnflatable pants'rto protect a person from blacklng out due to gravlty pulllng the blood downto the legs are put on but not inflated, because the landlng is not tllatrough" In fact, the rlde down only reaches about 1.5 Gts.

Colonel Peterson, on the way down, disassembled some etluipnent and movedthe equlpaent out of the way so the p1lot could see better" In essence,walking around 1s sti1l possible durlng re-entry.

Once landed, there are stlll things to be dcne on the Shuttle. Feelln6sat thts tine sre Eore of accomplishnent of the vlork done, not feellngs offlladness that the rlde ls over or Joy that thev rent for the rlde.

Safety ls always very lmportant, as wlth anythlng. At 1lft-off" 'vheclosest people to the Shuttle are the flre crew, who are about one-half n11es,Lway behlnd bunkers. Thexe are guicle wlres fron the top of the thuttle tothe ground lf the crew n'3mbers need to abort very quickly, assurlng they canget to the wlres to sllde down" Ihe publ-lc is about three rli1es anay, 1ncase of an exploslon. ff the dhuttle dicl explode, there probably would bedebrls everywlrere.

The plabfcr.( ls hosed dcwn wlth tons of wate'r a.t llft-off bo control theheat. Ihe irs:iLokerr froiro Ilf t-of f ls mostly due to the water turnlng to stean.

La,teLy', bhe media has ma.de an issue of the so-cr"llecl "space slcknessrrot rrnotlon slckness[. this slckness ls not a najor problem" Although NASAlias trled io corxect feellngs wllh drugs, about 5ofr of the astronauts st1l1feel & li i:tIe funny. Ihe feellng ls not as bad as sea slckness, Jret lhe itedlah.rs led us to believe that you cantt come out of the bathroom" fhe feellng,accor<ling to CoLonel Peterson, ls nore like youtre not totally up io par thatday. .Becau$e NASA has otherwlse been so open, the nedia has felt that, 1-'e-cause NASA has not said nuch about the rrsickness'r, lt nust be worse than l,hat!he;r 2v6 bol-Llng us . In real-1ty, ltrASl\ ls not allowed !g 1aw to reveal i;henrtes of peopJ-e or thelr edical probLems, A personrs nedicql problears are

-l+ -

to be p'r:lvlie betr,Jeen that person and 'r1s or he:' doctor. 0f course, I{ASAitas not re ver-:Ied l;ho did not get i1l, because ihen rve would t<not^I ittro didl

f ite tost inporiant .luestlon I asked Colonel Pete:'son was Lhe first ques-ticn I asherl . fhus, I have saved the best for last" I asked Colonel Peber-son lfo aft:.l:r golng for the rlCe, he thou8ht that the Snucble was stableenough fo:l ihe spEroe telescope to work and lf lb would be $rorth Lhe lnvestnent.lits reply i,ras th*i bhe telescope would probably be sr:t up attached tc bheShuttle , bul; r:o I r-t-3 ldly atLached , and st:rblI lztd. by gyroscopes. rt sinlla.rexeriple 'rro rrld be binoculars that have free-floatlng glrroscoplc lenses. Inerjsence, he felt it wiII be well worth the noney spent.

/if ter .-..ir l':our a:lrj a half , I f elt as though I hacl €lone for the rlde ,:-:5r-se lf .

i,S. It we.,,; neLl- r^iorth a couple coffees, a blurberry ple, an ec1-a1t ,tn!, atolf el-ass of r:rii.lli (cn Lhe corner of Adans and Lqcltawe.nn:i 1n 'tgood ole rr Dcwn*to,rln Scrr.r nf,on ) .

J. i,iichae-l Schirra

rdltorrs note: liverl,9n6 on the board of dlrectors 1s ha.ppy Itil surerthat .lviikegot to eet Colonel Peterson slnce he had. sl:ent nost of our meetlng ;LenLlonlnghow ire were r issing the Colonelrs talk et the Universlty of Scrlnton.

riog c r

198t+ I'iArlS 0PPOSITIOi{ A}'[D

'H li I U'':lN 0F THU N;XT C i.l)ilTUilYby

ni o Go rcl on

rixeerlpt0d. flrci;: LVAIIIJ nel'vsIetter,'i i'he 0bs*rver o ft

ijetr,reen i.iarch 9 ,rnC l\ugust 20 of thls ye r, the planet ['irs hIlI]- belars.er than 10'r (a-rc-seconds) in diarxeter ancl between Aprl1 11 and Jlt1y J'i.t 'itrr be 14" (arc-seconds ) ln dianeter. On the opposltion nlght of fiay 11'ia ;iit ue i7.ti.'l and on the nl4ht of closest approach, 1l wilf tea-ch- l?.5".

slnce l,iars is a sna.ll planet, both llteral-iy and telescoplc4lly, one uustuse falrly hlgh po,.trer to see much cietall. l\Ithough Mars .wlll- e?slly oLltshineS.iturn tfris year, Snturn's clisc wiLl- be sllghtly lErge1' (over' 18'! ) than i';ar:sas seen f roL.: E:r::th.

If ,; cr.: .-rJ -r.i i.r..g o- )'t o? 4'! telescope ! pow?rs g-bove 150x are called for'rseelnE i oni]. ltlci:s" p;rnltttng. SrnalI telescopes of good qurl1ty..ln !i]l= -apertui:e t::ri.tge crrn generally stand 50-BOx per lnch of aperLure (180x-240:: f ora 3't or 240,-r-Jil0:r for ,. 4n ) .

rl:e i;or:Lh ?oi::.r Cai:, thls year, wl11 be r:'.ther sr'a11 -- at'out 50 a'c:ross'.i"iowever, f :req'-r.ri r.'r; clouds and frost a.r'elis wiII 'ne present on o? nea'r tl::i C'''p 'Therrr t, e i:n !o:,.. iri' 1:,r, enonene a:'e untler careful scrutlny by s.rlateur planetr-::yobs e rve ls

"

1n Lh: ee.ri::' e'.lc;, ing; hours of the lest w:;ek of r'tpr1I and the flrst lreekof i-ay, Sirrtis ii:. jor and.- Sinus Lleridlarl, twc of th. nost fasous of iriartla'nnarkings, t:,tt 'ol !::o:;lr,.ent11. c1 isplayed. DlrrLng sin:1lar seasonal clrcunstencesy: 196\, th:: Syrtis iLaJor locked l1ke e black lnk clrop agalnst i,he reddish-ochri: C.lsc 3nq1. could bJ seen with a Ja'r telescopt d iaph-raeried to 1.5" o.pe rtureoff axis.

.t\s th€ ;r_:;te of closest approach clraws nenr, f lne surfsrce detalls c.ln benade out . Ht\zy str€s.ks ca.n of ten be s€en 1n bright desert reg l-ons and a" l:,e-<j.ium orang .r f l,1i:cr or 1lght red one can be most helpf uI ln detecting snln11differenceii of conirasi bet?,1een adjacent areas.

rhe Soubh lolar Ca.p 1s i;tiIl in darltness, but cloud caroples csn so:iie*tiltes forlt in Souu:'.e:i:n ar"eas naklng 1t appear l,o be a polr,ir cap. These tl'::-,-porflry clouC pheno:.:.c)na. rray be pllesent one nl,qht and conpl..toly l,,anish lrl:}e next

lirir-,PF ULrI SUGGIrTrOli

}iII.JT S F'OR THEF0[1 IIArts A'f'

iiediur sizL-'i r,,i.s.teur telescopes of 5t'*IZ'r aperLure ca.n often 'be .c'tshedto ..r.boub dou.llle tlrls nagnlflcation (500x*600x) under the right coi:citlcns..fire fortunabe lrOSSeSSor of a 6" refra}iOr Or a lo.rEer r:fleotor can sec LOredef,ai1 on th* .,:lan:ri than ca.n be photo.grapherl wlth ihe large st telescope.

-5-

Cloud. phenoracna oi' frost areas can also be present at elther the si.mrlse orsunset llnb of the planet. The sunrise 1!mb clouds or frost areas can fre-quently rival or surpass the polar caps ln brlShtness or s1ze.

1984 cou.ld posslbly turn out to be the best of the strlng of rB4, cB6,

or t 88 oppositions, even though the latter t?.ro are nuch closer. I'hls ls be-cause the- 186 op.lOsltlon wll-t be very low 1n the southern sky (the lor'iestsince 190?) and-dr-rst storm actlvity ;ill protlably lnterfere Tilth the r88 cne.

Donrt be dl,lcou.re.ged lf after a week or so of observation, your eye still-does not see auch d-etaiI. It takes several w:;eks of constant observing toextract all tl.I. deia,il your eye and lnstrunent are.capable of deteetln8.Seetng conditicns also have an adverse effect on i;he eyers ablllty to See de-tail -- you. rL-lgiib observe for !$ or 20 ninutes ln relatlvely poor seeing, andflien sucde::1;. ittl o.t;nosphere settles d or,,rn for a few seccnds and narklngsflash out wIlh c:;sta1-clear clarlty only to vanish ag;ai:n a few seconds la-ter.,lhe patlent obs€rr/er walts for these opportunltles knowlng that sooner or1.r te r they r,I11l cone.

i{ars is hhe only planet we can see from .Eerth where both atnospherlc andsurface chsl1ges consia;t1y take place. From our E?.rth-based dlsadvantage onlyoccasslonal sp:,.ce probes ian revee"I obJects llke the volcanlc craters Of Io.Earth-bllsed relescopes, be they amateur or professionaf, are severely re-si;rictecl as to l.rhat they can show on planetary bodles or changes ln thc at-:ios pheres of sone ,rf thern.

OnIy liars p:resents, to our restrlcted wlndow on the Universe' a constant-t;, changin3 i:retSorology ancl topography relatlvely accesslble Lo nodest sizedtnstrun6nts. It is oul fmperflct vlew of lqars from beneath the shlfting at-frosphere of Lja-rth whlckr wai responslble f or Lowell r s theorles of lvlartlanhabitabillty, the H.G. i^,ellsr ernd Odgar Blce Burroughts nov-ols of l{ars, dozensof sclence flctlon motlon plctures, wlth the Red Planet as thelr thene rl6ht,p to tfr" clesign and lnstriuentatlon of the Vlklng I and II landers of t9?6.

!',hen you are out observing llars dur1n8 the balmy sprlnS evenlngs of l\layor early J-une, be,.rr ln nlnd you are looking at the only planet ln our solarsysten th"t ;'ou mlght be a haven for prinitlve 1lfe forms as we deflne l-lfe.Tfiere may 'oe Iv1artian fosslls (there 1s a good chance of early fossillzed llfeforms on lirtars bhs.t mEiy have developed when lijartlan conclltlons were more darth-]lke), but lt would take a llars expedltlon to dlscover then.

OBSEBVATORY ASIDES

I see in irhe rrsunday Tlmesrr (lprtl 15, t984) that D,':vid Zahorsky, one ofour forroer uenbers and a stud.ent of John Kosekrs at Blverstd,e HIgh School'hets deslgned and bul1t a radlotelescope that can detect solar flare-ups.

'jewlII have to get ln closer contact with RilS observatory for early warnlngs onposslble aurotas. In recent weeks werve had two small dtsplays. 0n itiarch 11 'ihere vras & g ro q1r.cr: Irugg lng glow dtrectJ-y north w!11e on Ap1|l 2J, durlng the45 nlnutes iI was cleei, we-i,iere treated Lo a :-Jo hlgn, 100" wlde auroral a.rct6at was qulte bright although not very active" lhere were Lwo actlve pe.tchesbetween nrlriga ancl Orlon at that tlme as well " ',,lhiIe part of the charn ofauroras ls the eleoent of surprlse, Ird hate to mlss something speotacularbecause I was writlng a newsletter or sone such t ling.

Ihe observlng weather ls beconing perfect especlally for those of youwi,o halven r c bee:^ co...in.9 up beCause you f orgOt to buy IOng underweqr anC- Sn)W-:lobile boots bacl:: in August when they we]'e on'speciall AI1 you need noll lsa skl Jacket fo:' ;]'le colder hours , so come on up.

Jo-Ann Pluc lennlk

thet'iIcfi']p-t,1cll1stneffioftheLackawa,rnaAStrono[1ca1$ocieiy. A su-bsc:r:iptlon to the "EcIiptlcrr 1s one of the benefits of .:re:::rb:r-sh"fp iir bh3 LAS. No peftrlsslon ls needed for nonprofit use of any materis.lprrl:IlsheC I'.r th.r 'tiic1lpllc'r provlded 1t 1s properly credlted " Artlcles, csT'toons, rews lte;rsr :nay be sent to : Jo-Ann Pluclennlk, )l) East EIm Street'Jcr'?nton, PA L85A5

St*.f f : Di:rne I'tEs:,tlLcz, Joe Karnlchltls , Jul1e liusewlcz, Vlnce l'lusewlcz

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Mot:-on s'7. Farnous Observin.g List

Typ,e of l3angF-arnous Moon C,raterA j.r F',rn p {Cori,stel"latlon

-,8 "

'a40.

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- .,' Ho -" 5,.-hoId A:-lm al44. iype oj (lalaxv46 " i..ll,,*,:t er y'a.r."r.tie