urban and territorial ecology · urban and territorial ecology ecologia territorial e urbana ......

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Urban and Territorial Ecology Ecologia Territorial e Urbana

Joana Mourão (Arch. PhD)

Doutoramento em Urbanismo

Módulo 0 – Introduction/Introdução

Conceitos e Enquadramento

Módulo 1 – Ecological Buildings and Territories/ Edificação e Territórios Ecológicos

Edifícios, Bairros e Territórios

Módulo 2 – Low Carbon Urban Planning/ Planeamento Urbano Baixo Carbono

Freguesias, Cidades e Municípios

Módulo 3 – Urban Environmental Asessment/ Avaliação de Impactes da Urbanização

Bairros e grandes urbanizações

Módulo 4 – Urban Metabolism Evolution/ Evolução do Metabolismo Urbano

Regiões e Áreas metropolitanas

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Territorial and Urban Ecology – All Contents:

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Módulo 2 – Low Carbon Urban Planning/ Planeamento Urbano Baixo Carbono

- Ecological Cities and Territories

- Urban Metabolism

- Low Carbon Environmental comittments

- Low Carbon Urban Metabolism

- Analysis of Urban Sectors

- Urban Planning Scenarios

- Conclusions

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Territorial and Urban Ecology – M2 Contents:

M2. Low Carbon Urban Planning

Research Questions:

1. What are Ecological Cities? Are they depending on Ecological

Territories?

2. How is the Metabolism of Ecological Cities, Ecological

Territories and Ecological Economies?

3. Can the urban and territorial metabolism to become a low

carbon metabolism?

4. How do we plan a low carbon urban and territorial

metabolism?

5. Which are the main challenges for low carbon urban and

territorial planning?

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1. Are Ecological Cities possible?

How are they depending on Ecological Territories?

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Barcelona, cidade compacta 6

Ecological cities and territories...

CITIES ARE POINTS OF HIGH CONCENTRATION

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CITIES ARE MARKETS


CITIES EXIST TO EXCHANGE PRODUCTS FROM THE HINTERLAND

Reducing costs of mobility from the hinterland to the market, from the country to the city

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• AGGLOMERATION (until the limits of

congestion – scarce fuels); and,

• DISPERSION (until the limits of mobility

efficiency – unlimites fuels).

This balance is questionned by fossil fuels mobility

POLITIC CITY MERCANTILE CITY INDUSTRIAL CITY CRITICAL PHASE

0% urbanization 100% urbanization

TRANSITION FROM THE AGRARIAN MODE OF PRODUCTION FOR THE INDUSTRIAL GLOBALIZED URBAN WORLD

H Lefebvre, 1968

• The city tends to globalization since its genesis;

• This evolution, the urban revolution, in time of advanced capitalism led to a critical

phase of widespread settling and fragmented urbanization (sprawl);

• City crisis, the transformations of urban networks, its segmentation and complexity,

are predictable consequences of the urban revolution

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CITIES ARE POINTS OF HIGH ACCESSIBILITY?

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GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL CITY

• The limits of congestion and of

dispersion, which once benchmarked

the location of activities on space, were

overlapped.

• Location of activities serves accessibility

only at short term, compromising the

long term needs.

Cpw: Bruno ferreira

Cpw: Barragon

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RISKS:

• Urbanization growing without limits,

resulted on traffic congestion, urban

sprawl, emptying of urban centres,

environmental contamination and high

carbon emissions.

• Generalized accessibility, while it lasts,

supports high carbon urban territories

and policies contradicting the ecological

change of paradigm.


2. How is the Metabolism of Cities and Territories in

industrial globalized times?

Can it be more sustainable?

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From Biological to Urban Metabolism

Metabolism is the sum of chemical reactions within a cell or whole organism, including catabolism and anabolism

Urban Metabolism

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LAND EFFICIENCY

WATER EFFICIENCY CONFORT AND ADAPTATION

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

CONSTRUCTION ECO EFFICIENCY

MATERIAL ECO EFFICIENCY

ECOLOGICAL URBAN SPACES

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LAND MATERIALS

ORG WASTE

EMISSIONS

WASTE

EFLUENTS

AÇO, CIMENTO, TIJOLO

URBAN

METABOLISM

BIOMASS

ALIMENTAÇÃO

DEMOLIÇÃO

ALT CLIMATICAS

COMPOSTAGEM

P, N, K, C

REUTILIZAÇÃO

VIDRO, PAPEL, PLSTC.

METAIS

PESADOS

M. ORGÂNICA

P, N, K, C

RECICLAGEM

ENERGY

ELECTRICIDADE

COMBUSTÍVEIS

ENERGIAS REN.

WATER

AG. PLUVIAIS

AG. POTÁVEL

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Urban Metabolism

Measuring contamination will allow a better control of the impacts of the social metabolism

RESOURCES

CONTAMINATION

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LAND MATERIALS

ORG WASTE

EMISSIONS

WASTE

EFLUENTS

AÇO, CIMENTO, TIJOLO

URBAN

METABOLISM

BIOMASS

ALIMENTAÇÃO

DEMOLIÇÃO

ALT CLIMATICAS

COMPOSTAGEM

P, N, K, C

REUTILIZAÇÃO

VIDRO, PAPEL, PLSTC.

METAIS

PESADOS

M. ORGÂNICA

P, N, K, C

RECICLAGEM

ENERGY

ELECTRICIDADE

COMBUSTÍVEIS

ENERGIAS REN.

WATER

AG. PLUVIAIS

AG. POTÁVEL

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Urban Metabolism

restriting contamination will protect the natural capital and lead to a more ecological social metabolism

COMBUSTÍVEIS FÓSSEIS

CO2

CONTAMINATION

( - - )

RESOURCES

( - )

ENERGY CO2

WATER

LAND, FOOD N,P,K

MATERIALS

WASTE WATER

SOLID WASTE

The flows of urban metabolism are linear and cause lost of natural capital

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Urban and Territorial Metabolism

The outputs of these flows cause global contamination and disturb the natural cycles

These flows cross urban spaces but are not restricted to urban activities

Urban metabolism is a social and territorial metabolism

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• Where do the flows of urban metabolism occur? In urban infrastructures (Buildings,

networks, roads...)

• Urban infrastructures have been responsible for managing a large part of the flows and

processes of Urban and Territorial Metabolism without control of the impacts of these flows

• How do the flows of urban metabolism can be regulated? Through new objectives for

urban governance and through ecological urban proposals

• Ecological urban planning is seeking for an efficient role on the planning of the material and

energetic flows of an urban system to assure a greater sustainability and lower carbon

emissions of these systems

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Planning Urban and Territorial Metabolism

High Carbon Urban and Territorial Metabolism!

Carbon Emissions came out mostly from burning fossil fuels in

the mobility and in the use of energy in urban systems

Carbon sequestration by the ecosystems is not sufficient to

regulate the carbon cycle

To restrict the inputs of non renewable energy flows and to

increase energy efficiency reduces the outputs of carbon

emissions

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Low Carbon Urban and Territorial Metabolism

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Ecological Urban Planning must restrict the inputs of non renewable

energy flows and increase energy efficiency

Such purposes will require transformations on the urban systems

Carbon reductions and Energy savings :

have an important feedback in terms of finantial autonomy

can set a conflict with other purposes of development

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Planning Low Carbon Urban and Territorial Metabolism

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Questions?

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3. Why urban and territorial metabolism should become

low carbon?

Which framework supports this challenge?

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Climate change

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Objectives of greater energy economy and efficiency and of lower carbon

intensity are:

• International mandatory comittments

• Europe 2020 Strategy and Energy-Climate Package

• Global EU reduction in 20%; +1% from 2005 to 2020 (PT)

• Restrictions on the increase of CO2 emissions countries

• Reduction of external energy dependency

• Promote economic prosperity with low environmental impact

• Require to act both in energy demand and supply

Low per capita emissions: 6,6 t CO2e (< UE-27 9 ton CO2e/h)

High Carbon intensity: 0,447 kg CO2e /€ (> UE-27 0,387 kg CO2e/€)

(in REA 2013, APA)

Environmental Comittments

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Objectives of greater energy economy and efficiency and of lower carbon

intensity are also:

• International voluntary comittments

• Covenant of Mayors

• Global reduction of 20% of local emissions until 2020

• A favourable context (not always reaches urban policies and Planning)

• Relating planning options to energy and carbon emissions

Portugal 2011:

• 70 million tones CO2e (+ 14,8% in 1990); CO2 is the main GHG 73,6%;

• Main sector – energy: 71%; Main subsector: Transportation;

• 1990 – 2011 GHG grew 0,7% year (in REA 2013, APA)

Environmental Comittments

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Low Carbon Urban and Territorial

Metabolism in globalized industrial times?

Lower Fossil Fuels consumption

Lower Electricity consumption from non

renewable sources

Greater Energy Efficiency

Restriction of CO2 equivalent emissions

Energy Supply + Energy Demand

Low Carbon Urban and Territorial Metabolism

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CO2, CH4 e N2O Emissions Portugal 2008, APA

Environmental Data - CO2 Eq

CO2= 1; CH4=25; N2O=298 (IPCC – Global Warming Potential)

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Burning fuels Waste Industry Agriculture

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CO2, CH4 e N2O Emissions 2007, APA


Including industrial emissions

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CO2 Equivalent Emissions Portugal 2013, APA

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CO2= 1; CH4=25; N2O=298 (IPCC – Global Warming Potential)

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Mix eléctrico Portugal 2011 (GALP)


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Biomass Geothermal Hidric Wind Sun


Renewables in Portugal 2006-2015 (DGEG)

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Edifícios

Municípios

Portugal

União

Europeia

Which instruments can we use (SEA/AAE)?

Multi - level and inter sectorial assessemnt

• Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA/AAE) (DL

232/2007 15.06) mandatory for all plans and

programs, including Spatial Planning

• Not specific tool for urban planning

Research Approaches

Strategic Environmental

Asessment


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Edifícios

Municípios

Portugal

União

Europeia

Which instruments can we use?

Multi - level action, not always sequential

Sustainable Energy Action Plans Covenant of Mayors (SEAP)

• Not specific for urban areas

• Required information not always available

• Required methodologies not always available

• Concern to municipal infra-structures and buildings

• Still not connected to transition actions

Research Approaches

Covenant of Mayors (SEAP)


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Questions?

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Break!

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4. How do we plan a low carbon urban metabolism?

Is it a question of design or of planning and management?

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Is it a question of urban design or

of planning and management?

Which tools does planning needs

to be able to produce ecological

urbanism?

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Low Carbon Spatial Planning needs:

• Consensual concepts (Climate Change, Urban Metabolism)

• Relate planning options to energy and carbon emissions

• Quantitative Data (measuring, estimating, assessing emissions

in different scenarios, as well comparing high and low carbon

actions)

• Regulation tools and new types of Plans

• Engagment of the community and territorial administration

• Teaching, researching and disclosure


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• Urban Metabolism is the group of processes and flows required by an urban system to perform it’s utilities.

• Main utilities of a urban system are:

– HABITABILITY, ACESSIBILITY, AND SALUBRITY

• To provide this utilities an urban system consumes energy and produces emissions - but how much?

• Energy /Carbon metabolism Diagnosis

CO2-e


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URBAN SYSTEM

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EMISSION FACTORS

Buildings

Consumo de electricidade doméstico/ HOUSING 6 - 23 kg CO2/m2/ano

Consumo de energia não doméstico / SERVICES 119 kg CO2/m2/ano

Transports

Mobilidade de v. ligeiros/ FUEL CARS 135 - 310 g CO2/km

Mobilidade de v. ligeiros híbridos/ HIBRID CARS 100 - 103,5 g CO2/km

Mobilidade de v. passageiros/BUS 80 - 120 g CO2/passg. km

Mobilidade ferroviária de passageiros/TRAIN 15 - 26 g CO2/passg. km

Mobilidade rodoviária de mercadorias/ GOODS 206 g CO2/t. km

Mobilidade ferroviária de mercadorias 45 g CO2/t. km

Urban Facilities

Abastecimento de água / WATER 0 - 290 g CO2/m3

Águas residuais/ WASTE WATER 150 g CO2/m3

Biogás a partir de lamas residuais/ BIOGAS - 38 g CO2/kg LR

Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos / SOLID WASTE 1 kg CO2/kg RSU

Floresta mediterrânica /CARBON SEQUESTRATION - 10 t CO2/ha/ano

Assessing Urban Carbon Emissions – Energy Demand

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Energy /Carbon metabolism diagnosis in cities or territories can rely on modelled data about energy demand or on

real data about energy consumption

PhD Research

PHASE 1 - DIAGNOSIS:

Measuring CO2e emissions in 3 sectors of urban systems operation

• Buildings/Edifícios

• Transports/Mobilidade

• Urban Facilities/Serviços Urbanos (water and waste)

Data sources and indicators

• APA (Mobilidade, combustíveis)

• DGEG (Consumo de energia em Edifícios e Serviços)

• INE

Delocalized emissions (electric mix)

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Assessing Urban Carbon Emissions – Sectors

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Municipality: Torres Novas

Municipality: Oeiras

Assessing Urban Carbon Emissions – Municipalities

Emissões Torres Novas 2007 - Gg CO2-e

1 Gg=1000 T

População: 37 101 habitantes

T CO2-e /hab

EMISSÕES URBANAS 3,9316 145,7138

Buildings 54,2106

Pequena Combustão em edifícios 15,2061

Consumo de Electricidade Doméstico 20,2280

Consumo de Electricidade Não Doméstico 14,4827

Iluminação de Edifícios Públicos 4,2937

Transports 63,8273

Rodo-Ferroviário 63,7385

Transporte eléctrico 0,0888

Urban Facilities 27,8267

Águas residuais 11,5647

Abastecimento de Água 2,8820

Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos 10,8629

Iluminação de vias 2,5172

Emissões de Oeiras 2007 - Gg Gg CO2-e

1 Gg=1000 T

População: 171 472 habitantes

T CO2 -e /hab

EMISSÕES URBANAS 5,2995 908,7199

Buildings 331,0975


Consumo de Electricidade Doméstico 87,1943

Consumo de Electricidade Não Doméstico 140,8721


Transports 471,0698

Rodo-Ferroviário 466,8696

Transporte eléctrico 4,2102

Urban Facilities 131,9518



Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos 47,1699


Assessing Urban Carbon Emissions – Energy and Emissions Consumption

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Energy /Carbon metabolism diagnosis in cities or territories can rely on modelled data about energy demand or on real data about energy consumption

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A1. Gas in buildings

A2. Electricity in residential …

A3. Electricity in non …

A4. Public buildings lightning

B1. Motorway and diesel …

B2. Electric transportation

C1. Waste water

C2. Water Supply

C3. Urban Solid Waste

C4. Roads lightning

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

A1. Gas in buildings

A2. Electricity in residential buldings

A3. Electricity in non residential buldings

A4. Public buildings lightning

B1. Motorway and diesel Railway

B2. Electric transportation

C1. Waste water

C2. Water Supply

C3. Urban Solid Waste

C4. Roads lightning

Assessing Urban Carbon Emissions

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Municipality: Torres Novas

Municipality: Oeiras

Gg CO2e 2007

EMISSÕES URBANAS TOTAIS 145,86

BUILDINGS 54,211


Cons. Electricidade Doméstico 20,228

Cons. Electricidade Não doméstico 14,48


Torres Novas

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39,5

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13,5

Buildings

Transports

Urban Facilities

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Gg CO2e 2007


TRANSPORTS 63,827

Rodoviário 63,738

Ferroviário 0,089

39,5

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13,5

Buildings

Transports

Urban Facilities

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Torres Novas

Gg CO2e 2007


URBAN FACILITIES 27,827



RSU – Aterros 10,863


39,5

47

13,5

Buildings

Transports

Urban Facilities

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Torres Novas

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PhD Research

PHASE 2 - PROSPECTIVES:

- Estimation of the selected indicators (2007 a 2020) in two different

scenaries (BaU and Ecological); Combination of:

National data - Cenários para a Economia Pós-Quioto do

Departamento de Prospectiva e Planeamento

Local data - Spatial Planning options (Plano Diretor Municipal)

- Comparing scenarios:

Conventional Spatial Planning (BaU) = + 15%

Ecological Spatial Planning = - 0,6%

Estimating Urban Carbon Emissions

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MUNICIPALITY IN 2020

BasU REGULATION SCENARIO COMMON OBJECTIVES ECOLOGICAL SCENARIO

Master Plan 2010

• Adapt city limits (perímetros urbanos)

• Reoccupation of urban centers

• Network for economic activities

• Improve the infrastructure network

• Protect natural resources and values

• Promote forest management and

agriculture

Alternative Master Plan

Economic competitiveness Low carbon development

Tendential Post-Kyoto Scenario

- Economy based on leisure,

tourism and logistics, with a

centralization of the operators

of transport and energy

Change Post-Kyoto Scenario

- Economy directed to a

concentration of activities in

space and for environmental

protection and energy security


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BasU REGULATION SCENARIO ECOLOGICAL SCENARIO

• Adapt city limits

• Reoccupation of urban centers

• Network for economic activities

• Improve the infrastructure network

• Protect natural resources and values

• Promote forest management and

agriculture


BAU REGULATION SCENARIO

Selected Planning Measures

Restriction to 15% of urban land increase

Buildings

Definition of areas for rehabilitating urbanized space

Conditioning of building in rural areas (minimum sprawl control)

Residential and Golf Tourism

Increase of 36% of industrial and logístics land use

Road extensions Mobility

Revision of public transport networks

Sewage network requalification and new ETARs

Urban Facilities Municipal Ecological Structure (MES)

Characterization and agroforestry zoning


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CENÁRIO NORMATIVO - CONCELHO TORRES NOVAS Gg CO2-e 2020

EMISSÕES EDIFÍCIOS 61,97

COMBUSTÃO EM EDIFÍCIOS 15,84

Crescimento edificação residencial 2,28

Cenário tendencial do sector residencial nacional (DPP) -1,64

CONSUMO DE ELECTRICIDADE DOMÉSTICO 23,26

Crescimento edificação primeira residência +3,03

Crescimento edificação segunda residência +0,13

CONSUMO DE ELECTRICIDADE NÃO DOMÉSTICO 18,17

Crescimento edificação comércio e serviços +8,33

Crescimento da edificação industrial +9,85

ILUMINAÇÃO DE EDIFÍCIOS PÚBLICOS 4,56

Cenário tendencial do sector dos serviços nacional (DPP) +0,26

EMISSÕES TRANSPORTES 73,89

TRANSPORTE FERRO-RODOVIÁRIO MERCADORIAS 44,97

Crescimento uso do solo industrial/logístico +10,83

Cenário tendencial do transporte de mercadorias (DPP) +2,26

TRANSPORTE FERRO-RODOVIÁRIO PASSAGEIROS 28,80

Cenário tendencial do transporte de passageiros (DPP) -3,34

Via estruturante + mobilidade sazonal Boquilobo +0,45

Redução da mobilidade por recentralização - 0,17

TRANSPORTE ELÉCTRICO 0,12

Reorganização Transportes Urbanos Torrejanos (TUTs) +0,027

EMISSÕES SERVIÇOS URBANOS 32,29

ÁGUAS RESIDUAIS 15,03

Crescimento da rede de saneamento +3,93

ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA 3,06

Cenário Tendencial do sector dos serviços (DPP) +0,98

RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS 11,57

Crescimento regulado de resíduos (=PIB) +3,69

ILUMINAÇÃO DE VIAS 2,64

Novos troços iluminados +0,85

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EMISSIONS 2020 BAU REGULATION SCENARIO

Gg CO2e 168,17

BUILDINGS +13,8%

TRANSPORT +15,7%

URBAN FACILITIES +16,0%

+15,3%

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SPRAWL CONTROL

OPEN SPACES CONSERVATION

CLIMATE MITIGATION

PASSIV BUILDINGS

REFURBISMENT

TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION

LOW CARBON URBAN SPACES

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ECOLOGICAL SCENARIO

Selected Planning Measures

Restriction of urban land increase to existent infra-structures (specific sprawl control)

Buildings Define and regulate areas of energy refurbishment

Set minimum urban climate mitigation

Setting minimum passiv environmental comfort in buildings

Urban land growth according to low carbon acessibility

Mobility Industrial land growth according to intermodal transport

Set an intermodal soft mobility network (walking, cycling, PT)

Requalify the sewerage network with biogas recovery

Urban

Facilities

Set basins of phyto -purification and irrigation in MES

Provide areas for urban farming and biological waste treatment

Protect afforestation with high sequestration capacity


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CENÁRIO ECOLÓGICO - SUBUNIDADE RIACHOS Gg CO2-e 2020

EMISSÕES EDIFÍCIOS 9,37

COMBUSTÃO EM EDIFÍCIOS 2,24

Crescimento edificação residencial nova 0,26

Cenário Mudança do sector residencial nacional (DPP) -0,62

CONSUMO DE ELECTRICIDADE DOMÉSTICO 3,69

Crescimento edificação residencial nova 3,82

Edificação residencial ocupada reabilitada -0,12

CONSUMO DE ELECTRICIDADE NÃO DOMÉSTICO 2,73

Crescimento edificação industrial

ILUMINAÇÃO DE EDIFÍCIOS PÚBLICOS 0,70

Cenário Mudança do sector serviços nacional (DPP)

EMISSÕES TRANSPORTES 10,34

TRANSPORTE FERRO-RODOVIÁRIO MERCADORIAS 5,69

Crescimento uso do solo industrial/logístico 6,02

Intermodalidade do TVT – crescimento ferroviário 0,94

Cenário Mudança do transporte de mercadorias (DPP) -1,15

TRANSPORTE FERRO-RODOVIÁRIO PASSAGEIROS 4,54

Cenário Mudança do transporte de passageiros (DPP)

TRANSPORTE ELÉCTRICO -0,02

Reorganização e nova viabilidade TUT

EMISSÕES SERVIÇOS URBANOS 5,18

ÁGUAS RESIDUAIS 2,28

Crescimento regulado da rede de saneamento

ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA 0,47

Cenário Mudança do sector dos serviços (DPP)

RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS 1,96

Crescimento regulado resíduos (< PIB)

ILUMINAÇÃO DE VIAS 0,48

Novos troços iluminados 0,52

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Gg CO2e 2007 Gg CO2e 2020 Evolução 2007-2020

Buildings 54,21 54,61 + 0,74 %

Energy refurbishment Passiv environmental comfort in buildings Amenização do clima urbano nos espaços abertos (serviços urbanos) Edificação e Reabilitação em zonas acessíveis seleccionadas (mobilidade)

Estimating Urban Carbon Emissions – Intersectorial effects

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Transport 63,82 60,18 - 5,7 %

Restriction of urban land increase

Urban land growth and rehabilitation priorities

according to low carbon acessibility

Industrial land growth according

to intermodal transport

Set an intermodal soft mobility network (walking, cycling, buses, train)

Estimating Urban Carbon Emissions – Intersectorial effects

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Urban Facilities 27,83 30,16* + 8,4 %

Valuing and protecting open spaces aswell traditional agriculture and forest explotation

Provide areas for urban farming and waste treatment

Set basins of phyto -purification and irrigation in MES

for part of the sanitation needs

* Parte do crescimento deve-se à generalização do saneamento em ETARS cujas emissões são relevantes


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EMISSIONS 2020 ECOLOGICAL SCENARIO

Gg CO2e 137,11

BUILDINGS + 0,74 %

TRANSPORT - 5,7 %

URBAN FACILITIES + 8,4 %

- 0,6%

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HIGHER IMPACT MEASURES Zonn. Rules EMISSIONS

Energy refurbishment of Buildings X Buildings

Mandatory Urban Climate Mitigation X

Urban concentration X

Transport Industrial land use served by rail X

Soft Mobility nets (Walking, cycling, electric pt) X X

Urban land for cultivation and composting (MES) X X Urban Facilities Urban land for water retention and reuse (MES) X X


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5. Which are the main opportunities and challenges of

low carbon urban and territorial planning?

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• CO2e q emissions are an useful indicator for assessing environmental impacts

of different urban and regional development options.

• Urban and Territorial carbon balance improves he planning process if:

• starts from a diagnosis of energy demand and carbon emissions

• adopts targets for quantitative limitation of carbon emissions

• evaluates alternatives estimating carbon emissions in different scenarios

• reverts to other assessment instruments

• Territorial carbon balance methods complex and are not stabilized

• Importance of the consistency of characterization and estimation indicators

• The methodologies influence the results!

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Assessing Urban Carbon Emissions - Conclusions

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• Planning urban areas with lower carbon emissions energy demands:

specific asessment

specific statistical information

consistent methodologies for diagnosis and cenarização

convergence between projects and environmental objectives

• evidence of the feasibility of integrating methodologies for assessing

carbon emissions in land and land management (++)

• difficulty of comparing different scenarios of territorial and urban

development in terms of future emissions (- -)

• Each asessment exercise increases knowledge

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Assessing Urban Carbon Emissions - Conclusions

ENERGY EFFICIENCY RENEWABLE ENERGY LOW CARBON ACTIONS

ECOLOGICAL PLANNING

TRANSITION INITIATIVES

LOW CARBON TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT

CLOSED METABOLISM

CIRCULAR ECONOMY

LOCAL & COMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

LONG TERM STRATEGY

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M2. Low Carbon Planning – Exercise Master Students

1. Energy and emissions diagnosis of the local (freguesia or município)

2. Brief discussion on local carbon emissions after the proposed intervention

Diagnosis –> Objectives –> Proposal –> Asessment

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ECOLOGICAL PLANNING

LOW CARBON URBAN SETTLING:

Refurbishment of urban areas

Promoting low energy comfort in buildings

Reactivating urban and rural

agglomerations and spatial proximity

relations

Investment in public transport and low

emission mobility

Investment in railway transportation

Revaluation of open spaces with ecological

functions and carbon capture

Local and circular economy

Waste management for closed urban

metabolism

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CONVENTIONAL PLANNING

HIGH CARBON URBAN SETTLING:

Easy credit for new construction

Emptying of urban centers

Low taxes for vacant buildings

Urban sprawl

High speed mobility

High qualified space and parking

for the private vehicle

High investment in road logistics

Weak protection of rural land

Conventional sanitation

Permissive waste policy

Weak local markets

M2. Low Carbon Planning – Exercise PhD Students

1. Article discussing conventional and ecological planning

2. Balance between high and low carbon planning actions for a certain location

Questions?

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03-03-2016

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urban and territorial ecology · urban and territorial ecology ecologia territorial e urbana ......

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