uma introdução a engenharia de software

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MgexrnhgCeanrbé"miWecqgr}chihgAghgrikhgZgreibowmn

]c}xgbi}hgCeanrbiìín

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Gelgefirci hg }nax|irg

  I} gmnenbci} hg XNHI] i} eiì÷g} hg}geqnkqchi}}ín hgzgehgexg} hg }nax|irg%

  Mihi qgt bic} }c}xgbi} }ín mnexrnkihn} znr }nax|irg%

  I gelgefirci hg }nax|irg }g hghcmi ê} xgnrci}+bãxnhn} g agrribgexi} ziri hg}geqnkqcbgexn hg}nax|irg zrnac}}cneik

” ]c}xgbi} eín"xrcqcic}

” Mnb oi}g gb wb mnedwexn hg rgywc}cxn}

Pca3<<RGelgefircihg]n8|irg"]C"MCe"WAZG

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Mw}xn} hg }nax|irg

  N} mw}xn} hg }nax|irg hnbceib n} mw}xn} hg}c}xgbi} mnbzwximcneic}% ” Gb lgrik+ }nax|irg mw}xi bic} ywg firh|irg

  Biexgr wb }nax|irg mw}xi bic} ywg hg}geqnkqä"kn

  I gelgefirci hg }nax|irg hghcmi"}g inhg}geqnkqcbgexn hg }nax|irg mnb mw}xn}ihgywihn}

” _g}zgcxiehn n mrnenlribi imnrhihn

” ]ixc}aitgehn i} egmg}}chihg} hn} mkcgexg}

” Bcecbctiehn n mw}xn hg biewxgeìín


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Hgacecì÷g}

  Hc}mczkcei lgrgemcik g xgmenkýlcmi ywg kchimnb i zrnhwìín g biewxgeìín}c}xgbéxcmi hg zrnhwxn} hg }nax|irghg}geqnkqchn} hgexrn hg g}xcbixcqi} hgmw}xn g xgbzn

  ‛Bwkxc"zgr}ne mne}xrwmxcne na bwkxc"qgr}cne}nax|irg‒&Zirei}#


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AIY} }norg gelgefirci hg }nax|irg

  N ywg ã }nax|irg>  N ywg ã gelgefirci hg }nax|irg>

  Ywik ã i hcagrgeìi gexrg gelgefirci hg

}nax|irg g mcäemci hi mnbzwxiìín>  Ywik ã i hcagrgeìi gexrg gelgefirci hg}nax|irg g gelgefirci hg }c}xgbi}>

  N ywg ã zrnmg}}n hg }nax|irg>  N ywg ã wb bnhgkn hg zrnmg}}n hg}nax|irg>


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AIY} }norg gelgefirci hg }nax|irg

  Ywic} }ín n} mw}xn} hi gelgefirci hg}nax|irg>

  Ywic} }ín n} bãxnhn} hi gelgefirci hg}nax|irg>

  N ywg ã MI]G &Mnbzwxgr"Ichgh ]nax|irgGelgeggrcel #>

  Ywic} }ín n} ixrcowxn} hg wb onb }nax|irg>

  Ywic} }ín n} hg}iacn}"mfiqg geargexihn}zgki gelgefirci hg }nax|irg>


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N ywg ã }nax|irg>

  Zrnlribi} hg mnbzwxihnr g irxgaixn} i}}nmcihn}

  Zrnhwxn} hg }nax|irg znhgb }gr4 ” Lgeãrcmn} ” hg}geqnkqchn} ziri }grgb qgehchn}

ziri wbi lriehg qircghihg hg mkcgexg} &g%l%+ Gvmgk g

\nrh# ” Zgr}neikctihn} ” hg}geqnkqchn} ziri wb ôecmnmkcgexg hg imnrhn mnb i} }wi} g}zgmcacmiì÷g}%

  Wb }nax|irg enqn znhg }gr mrcihn ixriqã} hg

” hg}geqnkqcbgexn hg enqn} zrnlribi}0 ” mneaclwriìín hg }c}xgbi} hg }nax|irg lgeãrcmn}0 nw ” rgwxckctiìín hg wb }nax|irg gvc}xgexg%


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N ywg ã gelgefirci hg }nax|irg>

  Gelgefirci hg }nax|irg ã wbi hc}mczkcei rgkimcneihimnb xnhn} n} i}zgmxn} hi zrnhwìín hg }nax|irg%

  %%% g zrnz÷g agrribgexi}+ xãmecmi} g zrnmg}}n} ziri4 ” Gexgehgr mnb zrgmc}ín ywik ã n zrnokgbi &i}

egmg}}chihg} i}}nmcihi} in }c}xgbi ywg hgqg }gr

mne}xrwâhn.bnhcacmihn#

” Zrnhwtcr wbi }nkwìín ihgywihi ziri g}}g zrnokgbi &wb}c}xgbi zrnexn ziri w}ir+ kgqiehn"}g gb mne}chgriìín i}egmg}}chihg} hi} zirxg} cexgrg}}ihi}#

” Kgqiehn"}g gb mnexi rg}xrcì÷g} hg hg}geqnkqcbgexn grgmwr}n} hc}zneâqgc}


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Ywik ã i hcagrgeìi gexrg gelgefirci hg }nax|irg gmcäemci hi mnbzwxiìín>

  I mcäemci hi mnbzwxiìín hghcmi"}g ê xgnrci gin} awehibgexn}0 ” Gelgefirci hg }nax|irg hghcmi"}g in} i}zgmxn}

zréxcmn} hg hg}geqnkqcbgexn g hg gexrgli hg}nax|irg

” N ywg

q}%Mnbn

  Xgnrci} hg mcäemci hi mnbzwxiìín }ín icehi

ce}wacmcgexg} ziri ixwir mnbn wbi oi}gmnbzkgxi ziri i gelgefirci hg }nax|irg

&hcagrgexg hg+ znr gvgbzkn+ aâ}cmi ggelgefirci gkãxrcmi#% ” Gb nwxri} zikiqri}4 eín fé rgmgcxi} zrnexi})


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Ywik ã i hcagrgeìi gexrg gelgefirci hg }nax|irg ggelgefirci hg }c}xgbi}>

  Gelgefirci hg }c}xgbi}4 ” Bic} ibzki ” Bwcxi äeai}g gb i}zgmxn} hg firh|irg g ceari"

g}xrwxwri  Io}xriìín hn firh|irg

  Nrliectiìín aâ}cmi hi} zirxg} hn }c}xgbi  I}zgmxn} hg mnbwecmiìín

” Gelknoi i gelgefirci hn }nax|irg  N} gelgefgcrn} hg }c}xgbi g}xín geqnkqchn}

gb hcqgr}i} ixcqchihg} hi gelgefirci hg}nax|irg ” Zrndgxn hi irywcxgxwri ” Gkcmcxiìín g g}zgmcacmiìín hg rgywc}cxn}


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N ywg ã zrnmg}}n hg }nax|irg>

  Wb mnedwexn g}xrwxwrihn hg ixcqchihg}+ zréxcmi}+

irxgaixn} g agrribgexi} egmg}}ércn} ziri nhg}geqnkqcbgexn hg wb }c}xgbi hg }nax|irg ” G}zgmcacmiìín0

” Hg}geqnkqcbgexn0

” Qikchiìín0 ” Gqnkwìín%

  Gvgbzkn}4 Zrnmg}}n Wecacmihn &_WZ#+ ZrnlribiìínGvxrgbi+ WBK Mnbznegex}

  Hcagrgexg hi hgacecìín hn kcqrn))) ” zrnmg}}n+ bnhgkn hg zrnmg}}n+ bãxnhn g

bgxnhnknlci


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N ywg ã zrnmg}}n hg }nax|irg>

  Iklwe} gkgbgexn} hg wb zrnmg}}n4 ” Bnhgkn} hg }c}xgbi4

  Bnhgkn} lréacmn} ywg znhgb.hgqgb }gr zrnhwtchn} gi} enxiì÷g} ywg hgqgb }gr gbzrglihi}0

  _g}xrcì÷g} izkcmihi} in} bnhgkn} hg }c}xgbi0

” _gmnbgehiì÷g} hg oni} zréxcmi} hg zrndgxn0

” Ixcqchihg} ywg hgqgb }gr }glwchi} gbhgxgrbceihi nrhgb

” Ê} qgtg} xiboãb zrg}mrgqgb agrribgexi}  Wb zrnmg}}n ihgrg i wb nw bic} bnhgkn}

hg zrnmg}}n


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Pca3<<R G f c h ] 8 ]C MC WAZG



N ywg ã wb bnhgkn hg zrnmg}}n hg }nax|irg>

  Wbi rgzrg}gexiìín }cbzkcacmihi hg wb zrnmg}}n hg

}nax|irg+ izrg}gexihn }no wbi zgr}zgmxcqi g}zgmâacmi ” Cemkwcehn iklwbi} ixcqchihg} g }wi nrliectiìín hg ikxn

eâqgk  Bnhgkn} lgric} hg zrnmg}}n

” Mi}mixi0

” Hg}geqnkqcbgexn cxgrixcqn0 ” Gelgefirci hg }nax|irg oi}gihi gb mnbznegexg}%

  Hnc} bnhgkn} eín }ín egmg}}ircibgexg bwxwibgexggvmkwhgexg})

  _gzrg}gexiì÷g} hg bnhgkn} hg zrnmg}}n4 ” Bnhgkn hg |nr`akn| ” }gyûäemci hg ixcqchihg}0 ” Bnhgkn hg akwvn hg hihn} ” akwvn hg ceanrbiì÷g}0 ” Bnhgkn hg zizgk.iìín ” ywgb ait n ywä%


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Ywic} }ín n} mw}xn} hi gelgefirci hg }nax|irg>

  1:' hn} mw}xn} }ín mw}xn} hg hg}geqnkqcbgexn

  8:' }ín mw}xn} hg xg}xg}

  Ziri }nax|irg }no gemnbgehi+ n} mw}xn} hggqnkwìín enrbikbgexg gvmghgb n} hg

hg}geqnkqcbgexn%  N} mw}xn} qircib hgzgehgehn hn xczn hg }c}xgbi

ywg g}xé }gehn hg}geqnkqchn g hn} rgywc}cxn} hn}c}xgbi+ xic} mnbn hg}gbzgefn g mneaciockchihg

  I hc}xrcowcìín hg mw}xn} hgzgehg hn bnhgkn hghg}geqnkqcbgexn ywg ã w}ihn%


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Hc}xrcowcìín hg mw}xn} ei} ixcqchihg}


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Pca3<<R Gelgefirci hg ]n8|irg ]C MCe WAZG



N ywg ã MI]G &Mnbzwxgr"Ichgh ]nax|irg Gelceggrcel #

  ]c}xgbi} hg }nax|irg ywg }g hg}xceib ianregmgr izncn iwxnbixctihn ziri i}ixcqchihg} hg hg}geqnkqcbgexn hg }nax|irg%

  ]c}xgbi} MI]G }ín w}ihn} argyûgexgbgexg

ziri izncir wb bãxnhn g}zgmâacmn  Wzzgr"MI]G ” Agrribgexi} ziri izncir i} ixcqchihg} cecmcic} hg

zrnmg}}n hg rgywc}cxn} g hg zrndgxn0

  Kn|gr"MI]G ” Agrribgexi} ziri izncir i} ixcqchihg} aceic} xic}

mnbn zrnlribiìín+ hgowllcel g xg}xg%


91




Ywic} }ín n} ixrcowxn} hg wb onb }nax|irg>

  N }nax|irg hgqg anregmgr i awemcneikchihg g n

hg}gbzgefn rgywgrchn} ziri n w}wércn g hgqgizrg}gexir mgrxi} mirimxgrâ}xcmi}  Aimckchihg hg biewxgeìín

” Hgqg }gr aémck g oirixn aitgr mnb ywg n }c}xgbi+ hgznc} hgcbzkiexihn+ gqnkwi ziri ixgehgr ê} egmg}}chihg} hn}

mkcgexg}  Mneaciockchihg ” N }nax|irg hgqg awemcneir hg biegcri ywg n w}wércn zn}}i

hgzgehgr hgkg% En mi}n hg aikfi+ eín xrit hien} aâ}cmn} nwgmneøbcmn}

  Gacmcäemci ” N }nax|irg hgqg w}ir n bâecbn hg rgmwr}n} g zrnqgr bévcbi

awemcneikchihg  W}iockchihg

” N }nax|irg hgqg }gr mnbzrgge}âqgk g aémck hg w}ir


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Ywic} }ín n} hg}iacn}"mfiqg geargexihn} zgkigelgefirci hg }nax|irg>

  Fgxgrnlgegchihg ” ]c}xgbi} hg }nax|irg hgqgb }gr mizit hg kchir mnb hcagrgexg}

zkixianrbi} hg firh|irg g ibocgexg} hg gvgmwìín0

  Gexrgli ” N }c}xgbi hgqg }gr gexrglwg in mkcgexg en bgenr xgbzn

zn}}âqgk+ mnb n bgenr mw}xn zn}}âqgk0  Mneacieìi

” N w}wércn hgqg znhgr dw}xcacmihibgexg hgzn}cxir }wi mneacieìien }c}xgbi

 

G}miki ” N }c}xgbi hgqg awemcneir ihgywihibgexg bg}bn ywiehn wblriehg eôbgrn hg w}wércn} n g}xé w}iehn


96

Pca3<<R Gelgefirci hg ]n8|irg " ]C " MCe " WAZG



_g}zne}iockchihg zrnac}}cneik g ãxcmi

  I gelgefirci hg }nax|irg geqnkqgrg}zne}iockchihg} bic} ibzki} hn ywg}cbzkg}bgexg i izkcmiìín hg fiockchihg}xãmecmi}%

  N} gelgefgcrn} hg }nax|irg hgqgb }gmnbznrxir hg bnhn fneg}xn g gxcmibgexgrg}zne}éqgk ziri }grgb rg}zgcxihn} mnbn

zrnac}}cneic}%  N mnbznrxibgexn ãxcmn ã bic} hn ywg

}cbzkg}bgexg i }w}xgexiìín hg kgc}%


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Ywg}x÷g} hg rg}zne}iockchihg zrnac}}cneik

  Mneachgemcikchihg

” N} gelgefgcrn} hg }nax|irg hgqgb enrbikbgexg rg}zgcxir imneachgemcikchihg hg }gw} awemcneércn} nw mkcgexg}+cehgzgehgexgbgexg hg xgr nw eín i}}ceihn wb imnrhn anrbik%

  Mi}n eín imgcxgb g}}i} mnehcì÷g}+ hgqgb hgcvir c}}n gvzcâmcxn

ziri }gw} mnexrixiexg}

  Mnbzgxäemci

” N} gelgefgcrn} eín hgqgb mne}mcgexgbgexg imgcxir wbxrioikfn ywg g}xgdi anri hg }wi mnbzgxäemci%

Pca3<<RGelgefircihg]n8|irg ]C MCe WAZG

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Ywg}x÷g} hg rg}zne}iockchihg zrnac}}cneik

  Hcrgcxn} }norg zrnzrcghihg cexgkgmxwik

” Hg}geqnkqghnrg} hgqgb g}xir mcgexg} hi}kgc} knmic} ywg rglgb n w}n hg zrnzrcghihgcexgkgmxwik+ xic} mnbn zixgexg}+ hcrgcxn}

iwxnric}+ gxm% ” Gkg} hgqgb xnbir mwchihn ziri i}}glwrir

ywg i zrnzrcghihg cexgkgmxwik hn} awemcneércn}g mkcgexg} }gdi zrnxglchi%


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Hckgbi} ãxcmn}

  Hc}mnrhïemci+ gb zrcemâzcn+ hi} znkâxcmi}hi lgräemci }äecnr%

  Wb awemcneércn ilg hg wbi anrbi eín

ãxcmi g kcogri wb }c}xgbi hg }glwrieìimrâxcmn }gb aceikctir n xg}xg hn }c}xgbi%

  Zirxcmcziìín en hg}geqnkqcbgexn hg

}c}xgbi} hg irbibgexn} bckcxirg} nw hg}c}xgbi} ewmkgirg}


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IJqchihgZréJmi

  Ziriizrývcbiiwki ” ZrndgxnhgwbIqcín  Ggkgxgbywgqnir)


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uma introdução a engenharia de software

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