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    "TO & FOR"COMPARADOS A "PARA"

    Preposies so palavras de significado pouco claro e muito varivel. So mais partculas funcionaisdo que palavras de contedo semntico definido. A maioria das ocorrncias de preposies, nosegue um padro lgico ou regular. Alm disso, entre o portugus e o ingls, as preposies noapresentam uma correlao muito estreita. Cobrem normalmente diferentes reas de significado,sendo umas de uso mais amplo que outras.

    particularmente notria a dificuldade para ns, brasileiros, quando temos que decidir qualpreposio usar em ingls, to oufor, quando em portugus a idia seria expressa atravs dapreposiopara. Em geral, pode-se dizer que to est ligado idia de direo, movimento,correspondendo muitas vezes tambm preposio a do portugus; enquanto queforestrelacionado com a idia de benefcio, substituio, inteno ou predestinao, correspondendo, svezes, ao portuguspor. Esta diferena de significado, entretanto, no sempre clara. Mesmoassim,fore to raramente podem ser usados como sinnimos.

    Freqentemente to eforintroduzem o objeto indireto e neste caso que as duas preposiesnormalmente correspondem ao portuguspara. Objeto indireto em ingls sempre um nome ou

    pronome que precede ou sucede o objeto direto nos verbos bitransitivos. Quando posicionado antes

    do objeto direto, no vem acompanhado de preposio. Quando posicionado aps o objeto direto,vir invariavelmente acompanhado da preposio to oufor. Neste caso, a preposio certa dependerdo verbo, no havendo regra para isso. Observe os seguintes exemplos:

    TO VERBS FOR VERBS

    I gave a present to him. = I gave him a present.Ill show the figures to you. = Ill show you the figures.He sold a carto me. = He sold me a car.He sent a letterto Mary. = He sent Mary a letter.Can you lend this bookto me? = Can you lend me this

    book?The boss told a joke to us. = The boss told us a joke.Who teaches English to them? = Who teaches themEnglish?I paid $10 to the repairman. = I paid the repairman $10.Will you pass the sugarto me? = Will you pass me thesugar?Read a story to the children. = Read the children a story.I wrote a letterto my friend. = I wrote my friend a letter.Hand that bookto me, please. = Hand me that book,please.He offered a job to Mary. = He offered Mary a job.He'll bring something to me. = He'll bring me something.

    She sang a lullaby to the baby. = She sang the baby alullaby.I'll throw the ball to you. = I'll throw you the ball.

    Let me buy a present for you. = Let me buy you apresent.I got some food for you. = I got you some food.She made a sandwich for me. = She made me asandwich.

    Did she cook dinnerfor you? = Did she cook youdinner?Can you do a favorfor me? = Can you do me a favor?He can find a job for you. = He can find you a job.He left a message for you. = He left you a message.Shall I pour more tea for you? = Shall I pour you moretea?Reserve hotel rooms for us. = Reserve us hotel rooms.Save the stamps for him. = Save him the stamps.

    Existem tambm verbos que s aceitam o objeto indireto quando acompanhado de preposio.Exemplos:

    TO VERBS FOR VERBS

    The teacher said "Good morning" to the students.Hes going to introduce Mary to his family.I already explained the project to the staff.

    Mr. Cole described the new house to his wife.I sometimes speak English to (with) my wife.Bob reported the accident to the police.

    Can you carry the suitcases for me?Could you open the doorfor me?He asked the bank teller to cash a checkfor him.

    Doctors like to prescribe medicine for the patients.She is going to prepare the meal for the guests.I asked her to sign the letterfor me.

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    I repeated your ideas to my parents.He admitted his mistake to the boss.I'll mention your plan to the director.Dr. Bishop recommends this medicine to some patients.Richard has announced his engagement to his friends.It sounds good to me.The salesgirl suggested a gift to Philip.

    Can you hold this for me, please?I changed the traveler's checks for you.I asked the secretary to make an appointment for me.He translated an article for me.I recorded a tape for you.I'll take the car to the mechanic for you.The salesgirl suggested Philip a gift for his girlfriend.Can you play the piano for me?

    Na verdade, quase qualquer verbo aceita o adjunto preposicionalfor. So portanto ilimitadas aspossibilidades deFOR VERBS neste segundo grupo. Observe-se que mesmo os TO VERBS, almde aceitarem o objeto indireto precedido pela preposio to, tambm aceitam o adjunto

    preposicionalfor, porm com outro sentido. Ex:

    I sent a letter to Mary.

    I sent a letter for Mary.

    No primeiro exemplo, Mary mora noutro lugar e eu lhe escrevi mandando notcias. No segundoexemplo, Mary escreveu uma carta para algum, estava talvez muito ocupada para ir ao correio, e eu

    fui em lugar dela.

    O verbo to go tambm freqentemente ocorre associado s preposies to efor. Observe-se os doisgrupos abaixo:

    GO TO EXPRESSIONS GO FOR EXPRESSIONS

    go to workgo to schoolgo to bedgo to church

    go to towngo to courtgo to piecesgo to hellgo to Porto Alegrego to the bank, go to the office, etc.

    go for a walkgo for a ridego for a drivego for a beer

    go for it

    Uma das ocorrncias mais elementares da preposio to no uso do infinitivo em ingls. Istonormalmente ocorre na estrutura VERB + to + VERB. Exemplos:

    I have to go.I like to drink beer.

    I'm not able to work.He decided to leave.You promised to help us.

    He's planning to study abroad.I want to tell you something.

    I hope to become fluent in English.We expect to win the game.

    Mesmo quando no introduzem objetos indiretos, a ocorrncia das preposies to eforcontinuadependendo do verbo que acompanham ou da expresso idiomtica em que ocorrem. Em muitoscasosforcorresponde apordo portugus. Exemplos:

    TO EXPRESSIONS FOR EXPRESSIONS

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    Nice to meet you.Up to dateTo my surprise, ...To the best of my knowledge, ...According to ...Apply to a university.He reacted well to my comments.I object to staying up late.I'm accustomed to working hard.

    I'm not used to working on Sundays.It's very sensitive to cold weather.To (for) me, it sounds good.It's interesting to me.She was invited to a party.I'm looking forward to hearing from you.It's a hundred miles from here to PortoAlegre.They raised his salary to $1,000.Don't jump to conclusions.

    For sure!For God's sake!For example, ...For this reason ...For the first time ...For (to) me, it sounds good.Apply for a job.Any letters for me?I feel sorry for them.

    He left for home.He works for a tobacco company.I sold my house for 40 thousand dollars.He charged 50 dollars for the translation.I lived abroad for 7 years.He's very strong for an old man.I'm looking for a job.He received a grant for studying medicine.I want eggs for breakfast.I wrote a checkfor $100.