tipos de estructuras hidraulicas

8/12/2019 Tipos de Estructuras Hidraulicas

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Arbab Faisal javed Reg # 2007-civil-3007 assignment # 1

Hydraulic structures are anything that can be used to divert restrict sto! or other"ise manage

the natural lo" o "ater$ %hey can be made rom materials ranging rom large roc& and concreteto obscure items such as "ooden timbers or tree trun&s$ 'am or instance is a ty!e o hydraulic

structure used to hold "ater in a reservoir as !otential energy just as a "eir is a ty!e o hydraulic

structure "hich can be used to !ool "ater or irrigation establish control o the bed (gradecontrol) or as a ne" innovative techni*ue to divert lo" a"ay rom eroding ban&s or into

diversion channels or lood control$

Classification of hydraulic structures on the basis of material:

1) +arth ill

2) Roc& ill

3) ,oncrete

) .tone masonry/) %imber

) .teel coer

Classification of hydraulic structures on the basis of function:Flow control structures:%hey are used to regulate the lo" and !ass ecess lo"$ %hey might be gates s!ill"ays valvesor outlets$

Flow measurement structures they are used to measure discharge$ %hey are "eirs oriices

lumes etc$

Division structures they are used to divert the main course o "ater lo"$ %hey are coer dams

"eirs canal head"or&s inta&e "or&s$

Conveyance structures they are used to guide the lo" rom one !lace to another$ %hey are

o!en channels !ressure conduit !i!es canals and se"ers$

Collection structures they are used to collect "ater or dis!osal$ %hey are 'rain inlets

iniltration galleries "ells$Energy dissipation structures they are used to !revent erosion and structural damage$ %hey arestilling basins surge dams chec& dams$

River training and water stabilizing structures they are used to maintain river channel and

"ater trans!ortation$ evees cutos loc&s !iers culverts

Sediment and quality control structures they are used to control or remove sediments and

other !ollutants$ %hey are rac&s screens tra!s sedimentation tan&s ilters sluice"ays$

ydraulic machines they are used to convert energy rom one orm to another$ %hey are

turbines !um!s ram!s

Storage structures: they are used or the !ur!ose o storage o "ater$ %hese may be dams or

tan&s e$t$c$

Shore protection structures they are used to !rotect ban&s$ 'i&es groins jetties revetments

Dams:A dam is a barrier that im!ounds "ater or underground streams$ 'ams generally serve

the !rimary !ur!ose o retaining "ater "hile other structures such as loodgates or levees (also

&no"n as di&es) are used to manage or !revent "ater lo" into s!eciic land regions$

Hydro!o"er and !um!ed-storage hydroelectricity are oten used in conjunction "ith dams to

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generate electricity$ A dam can also be used to collect "ater or or storage o "ater "hich can be

evenly distributed bet"een locations$

!ater "ates 5ater control gates are used to control the mass lo" o "ater or "aste"ater invarious environmental and !rocess a!!lications$ %hey are usually s*uare and rectangular in

sha!e and made o stainless steel or galvani6ed aluminum$ %here are many dierent ty!es o

!roducts$ ul&head gates are su!!lied in one-!iece !anels and used in lood control a!!lications$%hese large "ater control gates are installed "ith a hoist or crane and may include sto! logs or

ease o installation$ Floating bul&heads consist o individual sections that are loated in !lace and

joined together$ %hese "ater control gates are designed or s!ill"ay o!enings and other areasthat cannot use a bul&head gate

Spillways A s!ill"ay is a structure used to !rovide or the controlled release o lo"s rom a

dam or levee into a do"nstream area ty!ically being the river that "as dammed$ .!ill"ays

release loods so that the "ater does not overto! and damage or even destroy the dam$ +ce!tduring lood !eriods "ater does not normally lo" over a s!ill"ay$ 8n contrast an inta&e is a

structure used to release "ater on a regular basis or "ater su!!ly hydroelectricity generation

etc$ Floodgates and use !lugs may be designed into s!ill"ays to regulate "ater lo" and dam

height$ 9ther uses o the term :s!ill"ay: include by!asses o dams or outlets o a channels usedduring high"ater and outlet channels carved through natural dams such as moraines$$

Flumes:A lume is an o!en artiicial "ater channel in the orm o a gravity chute that leads"ater rom a diversion dam or "eir com!letely aside a natural lo"$ 9ten the lume is an

elevated bo structure (ty!ically "ood) that ollo"s the natural contours o the land$ %hese have

been etensively used in hydraulic mining and "or&ing !lacer de!osits or gold tin and otherheavy minerals$ %hey are also used in the trans!ortation o logs in the logging industry electric

!o"er generation and to !o"er various mill o!erations by the use o a "ater"heel$ +am!les o

lumes are ;enturi lumes and 4arshall lumes

!ells 5ater "ell is an ecavation or structure created in the ground by digging driving boringor drilling to access ground"ater in underground a*uiers$ %he "ell "ater is dra"n by an electric

submersible !um! a vertical turbine !um! a hand !um! or a mechanical !um! (e$g$ rom a

"ater-!um!ing "indmill$ 8t can also be dra"n u! using containers such as buc&ets that areraised mechanically or by hand$

Drain inlets:

8n the design o storm "ater drains the o!enings used to drain storm "ater runo into the stormse"er system may be a curb inlet gutter inlet or a combination o the t"o$ A major !art o the

design !rocedure or storm drains is to use the design storm "ater runo rate to si6e the surace

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Revetments- Revetments are a cover or acing o erosion resistant material !laced directly on

an eisting slo!e emban&ment or di&e to !rotect the area rom "aves and strong currents$

Di$es and %evees- 'i&es are ty!ically earth structures (dams) that &ee! elevated "ater levelsrom looding interior lo"lands$

#rea$waters - rea&"aters are generally shore-!arallel structures that reduce the amount o

"ave energy reaching the !rotected area$"roins- >roins are the oldest and most common shore-connected beach stabili6ation structure$

Sills & 'erched #eaches- ,onstruction o a lo" retaining sill to tra! sand results in "hat is

&no"n as a :!erched beach: one that is elevated above its original level$

(etties and 'iers- ?etties are shore-normal stone structures commonly used or training

navigation channels and stabili6ing inlets$ 4ier structures are sometimes reerred to as jetties$

Cofferdam: A coerdam (also called coer) is an enclosure "ithin a "ater environment

constructed to allo" "ater to be !um!ed out to create a dry "or& environment$ ,ommonly usedor oil rig construction and re!air bridge and dam "or& the coerdam is usually a "elded steel

structure that is tem!orary and is ty!ically dismantled ater "or& is com!leted$ 8ts com!onents

consist o sheet !iles "ales and cross braces$

!eirs: A "eir is a small overlo" dam used to alter the lo" characteristics o a river or stream$8n most cases "eirs ta&e the orm o a barrier across the river that causes "ater to !ool behind

the structure (not unli&e a dam) but allo" "ater to lo" over the to!$ 5eirs are commonly usedto alter the lo" regime o the river !revent looding measure discharge and to hel! render a

river navigable$

)queducts An a*ueduct is a "ater su!!ly or navigable channel (conduit) constructed to convey"ater$ 8n modern engineering the term is used or any system o !i!es ditches canals tunnels

and other structures used or this !ur!ose$@1 8n a more restricted use a*ueduct (occasionally

"ater bridge) a!!lies to any bridge or viaduct that trans!orts "aterBinstead o a !ath road or

rail"ayBacross a ga!$ arge navigable a*ueducts are used as trans!ort lin&s or boats or shi!s$

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tipos de estructuras hidraulicas

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