thit ke nha may sua
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M U
Sa l sn phm cung cp gn nh y cht dinh dng cho con ngi.
V vy n l ngun thc phm rt quan trng v khng th thiu i vi con ngi.
c bit sn phm sa chua rt gip ch cho ng rut.Do cng vi s pht
trin ca ngnh cng nghip thc phm, cng nghip ch bin sa ni ring cng
v ang pht trin.
Hin nay nn cng nghip ch bin sa ca nc ta vn cn non tr. Ngun
sa b ti ca nc ta cn thiu nhiu nn phi nhp t nc ngoi nguyn liu
sa bt. V vy, vic xy dng nh my s dng sa bt lm nguyn liu l gii
php tch cc hin nay.
L mt sinh vin ngnh Cng ngh thc phm-sinh hc, ti chn ti :
Thit k nh my ch bin sa hin i nng sut 20 triu lt/nm gm 2 dy
chuyn sn xut:
-Sa ti tit trng c ng
-Sa chua c hng du
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PHN I
LP LUN KINH T-K THUT
1.1. S cn thit ca vic xy dng nh my sa:
Sa l thc phm c gi tr dinh dng cao, trong khi nhu cu s dng
hng ngy ca con ngi cng tng i ln,khng nhng gia tng c v s lng
ln cht lng m cn i hi y v an ton v sinh thc phm .Vic xy dng
nh my ch bin sa s p ng c phn no nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng trong
nc ng thi hng n xut khu.Khi nh my i vo hot ng khng nhng
gp phn gii quyt cng n vic lm m cn tng thu nhp cho ngi lao ng ,
mang li ngun li nhun to ln cho nh u t.
Nh my sa c xy dng m bo cc yu cu sau :
V tr t nh my :gn ngun nguyn liu , th trng tiu th sn
phm
Giao thng vn ti thun li .
Vic cung cp in v nhin liu d dng .
Cp thot nc thun li .
Ngun nhn lc di do .
1.2. V tr t nh my
T nhng nguyn tc trn, sau qu trnh nghin cu ti chn a im xy
dng nh my ch bin sa ti Khu Cng Nghip Ha khnh-thnh ph Nng.
L do Nng l mt thnh ph ln tiu th sa bc nht min trung v l cu ni
gia hai min Nam Bc .Hn na ,chnh quyn thnh ph ang c nhng chnh sch
u i rt thit thc cho cc nh u t c v gi t v cc iu kin khc.Nh my
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xy dng ti y s c hng cc iu kin thun li nh:giao thng vn
ti,cp thot nc,nng lng v ngun nhn lc.
1.3. Giao thng vn tiGiao thng vn ti ca nh my kh thun li, thuc loi bc nht min
trung . Nh my nm gn ng quc l 1A v cng Tin Sa .y l iu kin rt
vn chuyn nguyn liu , nhin liu, sn phm , my mc thit b , ...
1.4. Cp thot nc
Nh my ch bin sa cn mt lng nc ln do vy nc s c cung
cp t nh my nc ca khu cng nghip .Ngoi ra ngun nc cn c ly t
cc ging khoang v c x l t yu cu ca nc thy cc.Nc thi ca nh my sau khi c x l s c thi ra ngoi .
1.5. Nng lng
Nh my s dng mng li in cng vi mng li in ca khu cng
nghip vi in p 220/380V . phng mt in, nh my s dng thm my
pht in d phng .
1.6. Ngun nhn lc
Thnh ph Nng l mt thnh ph ng dn c tp trung nhiu
trng i hc, cao ng v trung hc chuyn nghip. y l ngun nhn lc di
do cho nh my. Ngoi ra nh my cn thu ht thm cc cn b lnh ngh c nhiu
kinh nghim.
1.7. S hp tc ha:
Nh my hp tc vi cc nh my khc nm trong khu cng nghip nh
cng ty nha, cng ty bao b, nh my kh nn, nh my x l nc, nh mybia,... cng chung pht trin c s h tng, in, nc nhm gim thiu chi ph
vn u t.
Ngoi ra nh my cn lin kt vi cc d n nui b sa ca nng dn
vng ln cn dn dn hnh thnh ngun nguyn liu chnh cho nh my sau ny,
thay th dn ngun nguyn liu sa bt nhp ngoi ca nc ngoi. y l iu
ng v nn lm trong tng lai.
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PHN II
NGUYN LIU
2.1. GII THIU NGUYN LIU SA TI.
Sa l loi thc phm rt giu cht dinh dng . Trong sa c y cc
cht cn thit cho vic to thnh cc t chc c th v c th c kh nng hp thsa rt cao. Trong sa c y cc cht dinh dng nh cht bo , ng lactoza ,
cc vitamin , cht khong , cc enzym ,...Ngoi ra trong sa cn c y cc axit
amin khng thay th . y l cc axit amin rt cn thit cho c th .C th ni rt t
loi thc phm no m ton din v cc cht nh sa.
Nguyn liu ban u ca dy chuyn l sa bt gy, v vy trong sa cha
hu ht cc phn ging nhau nh trong sa ti, ch khc v hm bo, hm lng
nc, mt phn nh vitamin.V mt ho l th sa sau khi tiu chun ho gn ging
vi sa ti.
Thnh phn ho hc ca sa ti:
2.1.1. Cht bo:
Gm 2 loi : n gin v phc tp.
Cht bo n gin: C hm lng 35 n 45g/l i vi sa ti gm cc axit
bo no v khng no nh: axit oleic, palmitic, Stearic.
Cht bo phc tp : Cht bo ny thng cha cc phn t nit, photpho ,
lu hunh. Cc axit bo phc tp ny c tn chung l photpho amino axit.
i din quan trng nht ca axit bo ny l lexitin.
* c tnh ho l ca cht bo:
- Mt quang 150C: 0,91 -0,95 :
- Nhit nng chy: 31 - 360C
- Nhit ng c : 25 - 300C
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- Ch s it : 25 - 45
- Ch s x phng : 218 - 235
- Ch s axit bay hi khng ho tan : 1,5 - 3- Ch s axit bay hi ho tan : 26 - 30
- Ch s khc x : 1,453 - 1,462
* Cu trc cht bo c trong sa:
Cht bo trong sa c dng hnh th ca cc ht tiu cu hoc hnh ovan vi
ng knh 2 10 mm tu thuc vo ging b sn sinh ra sa. Cu trc cc ht hnh
cu c bao bc bi mt mng Protein v mng ny c 2 phn : Mt phn c th
ho tan trong nc v mt phn th khng. B mt bn trong ca mng c lin quanmt thit vi mt lp ph c bn cht Phospholipit, c thnh phn ch yu l lexitin
v cephalin. y l nhng cht bo phc tp c hm lng 0,3 - 0,5g/l.
Ngoi ra, mng t bo cn cha nhiu cht khc vi hm lng nh ch yu
l Cu, Fe, Enzim. Enzim ch yu l photphataza mang tnh kim tp trung trong
phn protit v enzim reductaza c trong phn khng ho tan c.
Trong qu trnh bo qun, lun xy ra s phn chia cc glyxerit trong lng
cc tiu cu mang c tnh chung nh sau: Phn trung tm ca ht tiu cu cha cc
glixetit c im nng chy thp, giu hm lng axit oleic v lun trng thi lng
trong iu kin nhit mi trng. Trong khi , phn ngoi vi ni tip xc vi
mng cha cc glyxerit c ch s iod thp (5 - 6) nhng li c im nng chy rt
cao v ng c li nhit mi trng. V l , xu th chung ca cc ht cht
bo c trong sa s lin kt li vi nhau to thnh ht hnh cu c kch thc ln
hn. l nguyn nhn gy nn trng thi mt n nh ca cht bo c trong sa v l nguyn nhn gy nn s phn lp cht bo v cc thnh phn trong sa.
2.1. 2. Protein.
Protein trong sa l mt cht m hon thin nht, v n cha hu ht cc
loi axit amin c bit l axit amin khng thay th.
Protein Polypeptit peptit axit amin
*Trong cu trc thnh phn protein sa rt a dng, bao gm cc cht sau:
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Cazein ton phn cha : 26 -29 g/l
-lactoglobulin : 26 -29 g/l
-lactalbumin: 2,4 - 4 g/l Imunoglobulin 0,8 -1,5g/l
V mt s thnh phn khc.
Trong cc thnh phn trn, Cazein c coi l thnh phn quan trng nht
ca sa.V mt cu trc, cazein l cc ht cu c ng knh thay i t 40 - 200
mm v bng phng php ly tm ngi ta c th tp hp tt c cc ht ny th
lng nh keo c mu trng hoc kt ta cazein di dng ht mixen ln nh qu
trnh axit ho sa n pH ng in (pH = 4,6).
2.1.3. ng lactoza:
L thnh phn ch yu ca ng cha trong sa, vi hm lng khong
50g/l, tn ti ch yu 2 dng v . Lactoza khi b thu phn to ra cc phn t
ng glucoza v mt phn t ng galactoza.
C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Lactoza Glucoza GalactozaTrong sa ng latoza lun trng thi ho tan, kh nng ho tan v kt
tinh ca lactoza cho ta nhng ng dng quan trng trong ch bin sa.Hai ng -
lactoza lun tn ti cn bng trong cht lng theo mt t l nht nh v cn bng
ny c thay i bi nhit .
ng lactoza t ho tan hn ng sacharoza cng nhit v t ngt
hn. ho tan ca ng lactoza t l thun theo nhit v n b thu phn rt
chm theo nhit nhit cao.S c mt ca ng lactoza gp phn bin mu
ca sa trong cng ngh nu qu trnh ch bin nhit cao.
ng lactoza d b ln men di tc dng ca vi khun to ra cc sn phm
khc nhau. Quan trng nht l to thnh axit lactic trong sn xut sa ln men.
C12H22O11 + H2O 4CH3CHOH - COOH + H2O + CO2
lactoza Axit lactic
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Axit lactic ny di tc dng ca mt s vi khun c bit to thnh axit propionic
hay axit butyric.
3CH3CHOH - COOH CH3(CH2)2COOH + 2CO2 + 2H2Axit butilic
CH3CHOH-COOH CH3-CH2COOH + CO2 + H2O + CH3-COOH
Axit propionic
Nu di tc ng ca nm men c bit th ng lactoza s to thanh cc cht
theo phn ng sau:
C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Lactoza Glucoza Galactoza2.1.4. Cc loi mui khong.
Hm lng ca n trong sa khong: 9 -9,1 (g/l)
Cc mui khong trong sa ch yu gm : Mui clorua, photphat, xitrat,
sunphatnatri, bicacbonnat. Cc mui khong trong sa tn ti di 2 dng cn bng:
dng ho tan v dng keo. Tuy nhin, dng cn bng ny c th ph v di cc yu
t cng ngh: pH, nhit ...
S tn ti cn bng ca mui Ca dng ho tan v dng phc ca cc th
keo l c ngha ln hn c v n quyt nh n s n nh ca sa. S tng ln
hm lng Ca s lm tng kh nng bt n nh, c bit trong qu trnh un nng
v qu trnh ln men.
trnh hin tng ny thng thng ngi ta cho thm vo sa nhng
dng phc tp l cc mui photphat hoc xitrat vi liu lng thch hp.
2.1.5. Axit hu c.Trong sa cha nhiu axit hu c nh : axit citric, lactic, axetic ... Trong ,
axit citric l axit cc k quan trng gp phn vo vic tng mi thm cho sa nh
vo qu trnh.
Axit citric diaxetyl axetoin 2,3 butylen glycol
2.1.6. Cc cht xc tc sinh hc.
a. Vitamin :
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Sa c coi l thc n tiu biu nht v s lng vitamin tuy vi hm
lng khng ln lm.Hm lng vitamin trong sa cng chia thnh 2 nhm theo
kh nng ho tan ca chng trong nc hay cht bo. Nhm vitamin ho tan trong cht bo: Vitamin A, D, E, ch yu nm
trong thnh phn ca m sa.
Nhm vitamin ho tan trong nc : B, C, PP.
b. Cc enzim:
Cc enzim tn ti trong sa c ngha ln trong cng ngh ch bin sa
v cc sn phm sa cng nh bo qun sa, cc enzim trong sa c chia lm hai
nhm chnh.
Nhm enzim thu phn : gm Lipaza, photphataza, galactaza,
proteaza, amylaza. Trong , vai tr ca cc enzim Lipaza c tnh
quyt nh n qu trnh ch bin v bo qun sa. Lipaza c tc dng
thu phn cht bo to thnh axit bo v glyxerin c pH = 9,4.
Nhm enzim oxy ho : gm Reductaza, lactoperoxydaza Catalaza.
Cc enzim ny c vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh lm bin tnh sa.
2.1.7. Vi sinh vt trong sa:
Gm : Vi khun, nm men, nm mc.
Nm men : C dng hnh cu, elip, tr, kch thc ln nht t 2 -
9mm. Phn ng cc loi chuyn ng thnh ru v sinh sn theo
kiu ny chi.
Nm mc : Ch yu l Muco va Rhizopus. Cc loi nm mc ny gy
nn nhng bin ng khi sn xut cc sn phm nh : B, phomt.Ngoi ra cn c : penicilium, Aspergillus.
Vi khun : Hu ht c kch thc t bo ng nht, kch thc khng
vt qu vi micromet. Cc vi khun trong sa : Cocus, Bacterium...
quan trng l vi khun lactic.
Thng thng trong sa chng c c im :
+H hp hiu kh hay ym kh tu tin .
+Khng sn sinh ra cc hp cht nitrat .
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+Ln men cc loi ng cc iu kin khc nhau .
+t hay khng tit ra enzym proteaza trong sa
Hai loi vi khun in hnh trong cng ngh ch bin sa l: Streptococcus Thermophillus. c coi l tc nhn ca s hnh thnh
axit v qu trnh chn ca phomt.
Streptococcus cremoris v Streptococcus lactic : L tc nhn ca s ng
t t nhin ca qu trnh phng ln ca phomt, to hng.
2.1.8. Nc.
Nc l thnh phn ln nht v quan trng ca sa ti, chim 90% thnh
phn trong sa. Nc trong sa gm nc t do, nc lin kt, nc kt tinh v
nc trng. Ngoi nc kt tinh ra th tt c nhng loi nc khc u c gi tr
trong cng nghip ch bin sa.
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PHN III:
LA CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN
CNG NGH
3.1. S DY CHUYN CNG NGH SN XUT SA TI TIT
TRNG C NG V SA CHUA C HNG DU :
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Sacharoza 70%
Hng sasuwax
Hng b
Sa bt gy
Cn nh lng
Hon nguyn
Tiu chun ha
ng ha ln 1 (P=150-180 bar)
Nng nhit 800C, 5 pht v lmlnh 2-6 0C
hon nguyn 2-60C,4-8 gi
Phi trn Phi trn
Sa bt gy
Sa bt gy
ng ha ln 2 (P=180-200 bar)
Tit trng 1370C, 3 giy, 6 barv lm ngui 20-25 0C
Bn ch rt
Rt(Tetrapak)
Thnh phm sa ti
ng ha ln 2 (P=180-200bar)
Nng nhit 800C, 5 pht v lmlnh 2-6 0C
Thnh phm sa chua c
Rt (Bencopak)
Bn ch rt(2-50C)
Hng du
Hng b
Hng sa
B (hm nng)
Nc 45-500C
Ln men(42 45oC, 3-5 gi)
Vi khunging
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3.2. THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH:3.2.1. Thuyt minh cc cng on chung cho hai dy chuyn sn xut
3.2.1.1. Thu mua v kim tra cht lng nguyn liu:
Nguyn liu ch bin sa ti v sa chua c l bt sa gy, ng ct
trng, b, cht ph gia, men kh, nc.Trong bt sa gy l nguyn liu chnh.
Cht lng ca nguyn liu nh hng ln n cht lng ca sa thnh phm nn
trc khi a vo s dng cn phi qua khu kim tra ,nh gi v phi t cc tiu
chun ca nh cung ng v ca nh my v cc ch tiu cm quan,ha l v vi sinh
* Tiu chun nguyn liu sa bt:
Ch tiu cm quan.
+ Mu sc: Trng ng hoc vng nht
+ Mi v: Phi c mi thm t nhin c trng ca sa khng c mi v l(i kht,
chua, mc...)
+ Trng thi: mn ng nht, khng vn cc, khng ln tp cht (nh c,rc,lngth)
Ch tiu ho l:
+ m < 3%
+ Hm lng cht bo < 0,05%
+ ho tan: 98 -99%
Ch tiu vi sinh:
+ Tng s tp trng khng qu 5000 t bo trong 1g bt sa.
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+ Coliform , salmonella,Ecoli khng c c.
*Tiu chun b:
Ch tiu cm quan:mu vng kem,mi thm b,v bo khng c v l, trngthi st nhit bnh thng.
Ch tiu ha l: im nng chy 23 n 340C
Ch tiu vi sinh:nm men mc < 20 con/gam ,khng c samonella
* ng ct trng RE
Ch tiu cm quan:vi ngot khng c mi v l, mu sc trng sng ,trng thi
ng u, khng vn cc,khng ln tp cht
Ch tiu ha l: .
+ Hm lng ng sacharoza tnh bng % cht kh: > 99,7%.
+ m < 0,05%
+ Hm lng ng kh tnh bng % phi :< 0,08%
+ Hm lng tro tnh bng % cht kh: < 0,05%
+ pH > 6
+ D lng SO2 < 7 mg/kg+ C ht trung bnh : 0,6-0,9 mm
Ch tiu vi sinh: tng s tp trng 200 t bo/10gam;nm men nm mc
< 10 t bo/10gam
* Cht n nh (Ph gia).
Cht n nh b sung vo nhm to trng thi bn vng, tng gi tr cm quan cho
sn phm.
Cht ph gia a vo sn phm phi t cc yu cu sau:
- Khng mang tnh cht dinh dng.
- Khng c hi i vi sc kho con ngi.
- Phi tun theo nhng quy nh ca t chc lng thc th gii (FAO), tiu chun
Vit Nam.
Trong cng ngh sn xut sa chua c, s dng cht n nh c k hiu
5846, c thnh phn ch yu l pectin, gclatin, tinh bt ng bin tnh.
* Men kh.
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c s dng ln men to thnh sn phm sa chua c .Tn vi khun
s dng y l Lactobacillus bulgaricus (L.bulgaricus) thuc loi vi khun lactic
ln men in hnh, pht trin tt nhit 45 -500
C, trong mt trng c axitcao.
* Nc sn xut:
Nc dng hon nguyn sa bt phi tun th qui nh v sinh, cng
t yu cu. Nc trc khi i vo sn xut phi c x l loi tp cht hu c,
kh cng, kh trng.
3.2.1.2 Cn nh lng.
Mc ch : nh lng bt sa gy cn dng cho cng on hon nguyn. Tin hnh : sa bt gy c kim tra ri cho qua gu ti vn chuyn ln
cao, xung mng ca vt ti.Ti y sa bt c vn chuyn n cn nh
lng nh lng khi lng sa gy cn a xung thng hon nguyn.
3.2.1.2 Hon nguyn sa bt.
Mc ch: Chuyn sa bt t dng rn sang dng lng ging nh sa ti
ban u
Tin hnh:
+ Qu trnh hon nguyn sa bt gy bng cch cho sa bt vo thng c cnh
khuy cha sn lng nc nht nh c nhit 45-50 0C.Trong qu trnh hon
nguyn, cnh khuy c hot ng lin tc nhm phn tn u bt sa trong nc,
tng kh nng ho tan, trnh vn cc, gim thi gian hon nguyn sau ny.Cht
ph bt cng c cho vo y nhm trnh to bt.
+ Nc dng cho hon nguyn l nc qua khu kim tra x l t yu cu.3.2.1.4.Tiu chun ho.
Mc ch:
iu chnh hm lng cht bo ca dch sa t yu cu cng ngh.Nguyn
liu sn xut chnh ca n ny l sa bt gy nn tiu chun ha thc cht l b
sung thm m sa t hm lng cht bo theo yu cu ca sn phm.
Tin hnh:
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B c hm nng tr thnh dng lng ri c bm vo thng tiu chun
ho cha sn dch sa vi t l tnh trc, cnh khuy ca thng hot ng
lin tc lm tng kh nng phn tn m sa trong khi sa.3.2.1.5. ng holn 1:
Mc ch :
+ V cc ht cht bo c trong sa d dng lin kt nhau to thnh cc ht cu
bo c kch thc ln hn v ni ln trn b mt, to thnh mng gy nn s phn
lp. y l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh lm mt n nh trng thi ca sa
trong qu trnh bo qun.V vy ng ha nhm lm gim kch thc ca cc cu
m, lm chng phn b u trong sa.+ ng ha l cng on rt quan trng trong cng ngh ch bin sa b
sung cht bo v n lm tng cht lng v phng din trng thi,trnh hin tng
tch pha trong qu trnh bo qun v to iu kin cho cng on tip theo.
Tin hnh:
+ Sa sau tiu chun ha c bm qua my ng ha nh bm li tm. p sut
trong my ng ha cn t c trong cng on ny l 150-180 bar.
+ Dch sa sau ng ha c cha trong thng tm cha
.3.2.1.6 .Nng nhit v lm lnh:
Mc ch:
Tiu dit mt phn vi sinh vt v v hot mt phn enzym c sn trong sa
nhm trnh nhng bt li cho cng on tip theo, nht l cng on hon
nguyn trong thi gian kh di.
Tin hnh :Dch sa trong thng tm cha sau ng ha c bm vo thit b thanh
trng , nhit thanh trng l 75oC,thi gian thanh trng l 5 pht.Sau s c
lm lnh n nhit 4-8oC
.3.2.1.7 . hon nguyn:
Mc ch:
Sa c trong thi gian di nhit thp nhm n dn dn tr li trng thi
ca sa ti nhng vn m bo hn ch v s pht trin ca mt s vi sinh vt.Cc
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mui khong c trong sa c bit l ion Canxi s lin kt vi cazein l mt loi
protein chim phn ln trong sa to thnh cazeinat canxi trng thi ha tan
nn gip cho sa c trng thi ng nht tt .y l mt trong nhng cng onquan trng quyt nh n cht lng sa.
Tin hnh:
+ Sa sau gia nhit v lm lnh s c bm qua bn hon nguyn cbo n
nhit . Nhit 2-6 0C trong thi gian 4-8 gi
+ Mi bn hon nguyn c gn mt cnh khuy nh nm st y v c bt
chy lin tc trong sut qu trnh hon nguyn.
3.2.2.Thuyt minh cc cng on ca dy chuyn sn xut sa ti tit trng c
ng:
.3.2.2.1.Phi trn vi siro 70 %:
Mc ch: to cho sn phm c ngt thch hp cho ngi tiu dng
Tin hnh:
+ Cng vic phi trn c thc hin trong thng c cnh khuy nm st y
thit b v hot ng lin tc nhm tng s ha tan cc cht vi nhau
+ V qu trnh sn xut i t sa bt nn hng trong nguyn liu ban u rt
hn ch. khc phc iu ny th hong sa v hng b s c b sung vi
liu lng rt nh, khong 0,0001 % nhm tng cng hng cho sn phm lm
cho sa thnh phm c mi thm t nhin nh sa b ti.
3.2.2.2. ng ha ln hai:
Ging nh thuyt minh phn 3.2.1.5 ,ch khc v p sut ng ha
P = 180-200 barSa sau ng ha c dn qua thng tm cha.
3.2.2.3.Tit trng v lm ngui (UHT):
Mc ch: dit hon ton vi sinh vt chu nhit v bo t ca n,ko di thi
hn s dng ca sn phm , m bo an ton tuyt i v mt vi sinh cho sn
phm
Thc hin:
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+ Thit b chnh cng on ny l thit b trao i nhit bn mng Alpha-
laval c nhiu ngn.Qu trnh c thc hin qua 4 cng on chnh:
* Nng nhit s b* Tit trng
* H nhit s b
* H nhit n nhit yu cu
+ Dch sa mi vo s trao i nhit vi dch sa sau tit trng nng nhit
s b ln khong 85-90 0C .Tip theo dch sa s trao i nhit vi hi t l hi
nng ln nhit tit trng l 137-140 0C v s c lu nhit ny trong thi
gian 3 giy, p sut tit trng l 6 bar. Sau , dch sa sau tit trng s c traoi nhit vi dch sa mi vo h dn nhit . Cui cng dch sa s trao i
nhit vi nc lnh 2 0C t nhit yu cu khi ra khi thit b.
+ Ton b qu trnh tit trng v lm ngui c iu khin bng chng trnh
lp trnh sn.
3.2.2.4. Bn ch rt:
Mc ch: cha dch sa v m bo v trng trc khi rt
Tin hnh: Dch sa sau khi qua h tit trng v lm ngui th s vo bn
ch rt v trng.Bn l mt thit b kn c cnh khuy .Ton b hot ng
ca bn dc iu khin bng mt my tnh lp trnh sn.
3.2.2.5. My rt sa ti Tetrapak:
Mc ch:
+ Cch li sn phm vi mi trng bn ngoi nhm ko di hn s dng ca
sn phm+ To kiu dng thch hp cho tiu dng v thun tin khi bao gi vn chuyn
Tin hnh:
+ Th tch mi hp sa sau khi rt l 200 ml, l loi hp giy c hnh dng
c yu chung nht trn th trng hin nay. Qu trnh rt c thc hin trn
my rt v bao gi t ng Tetrapak
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+ Trc khi my lm vic nht thit phi v sinh bng xt, axit ri tun hon
bng nc sch ln cui. Ngoi ra cn phi kim tra nng H2O2 ,ngm ct
phi,ngm ct phi,b in ngy thng ln bao b xem c t yu cu.+ Cu to ca lp giy bao b sn phm gm 7 lp theo th t nh sau:
PE-mc in-giy carton-Lamination PE-nhm-PE1-PE2
+ Nguyn tc hot ng chnh ca my rt nh sau:
Khi my chuyn sang ch sn xut th bao b giy t cun bao b c cc
con ln dn qua b in hn s dng ri a b hn strip mt bn mp ca bao b. K
tip bao b c dn qua b cha dch H2O2 35% c st khun 2 b mt. Sau
n c dn qua b nh hnh ng v c hn bn trong to thnh ng giy.Sa c rt vo bao b nh 1 phao rt c bit. Hai ngm tri v phi hot ng
lin tc va hn ngang va ct to thnh nhng hp sa ri xung b phn ghp m
hp giy to thnh nhng hp ch nht. Ton b cc thao tc trn c t ng
bng chng trnh lp trnh sn.
+ Trong tt c cc my mc thit b chnh trong nh my sa th my rt
thng xuyn gp s c nht v vy cng nhn vn hnh cn theo st cc hot ng
ca my.Khi gn ht cun bao b hoc cun strip th phi b sung. Thng xuyn
ly mu kim tra cc mi hn ca bao b sau mi 30 pht, sau khi khi ng
my,sau khi ni cun bao b v sau khi ni strip
+ Cc phng php kim tra bn ca cc mi hn ngang v hn dc ca bao
b hp giy thng l: th mc,th in,ko si strip
+ Sa sau rt c bo qun trong kho thnh phm nhit thng ca mi
trng3.2.3.Thuyt minh cc cng on ring ca dy chuyn sn xut sa chua c
hng du:
3.2.3.1. Phi trn vi ph gia, dch ng 17% :
Mc ch:
+ B sung dch ng tng hm lng cht kh, to ngt du cho sn
phm,cung cp thm nng lng nhng phi trong tiu chun cho php
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+ B sung ph gia nhm to tng thi gel bn vng cho sn phm,lm cho sn
phm mn, mm mi ng nht v d s dng.Ph gia s dng y l palsgaard 5805
c thnh phn ch yu l: pectin, gelatin, tinh bt ng bin tnh Tin hnh:
Qu trnh phi trn c thc hin trong thit b c cnh khuy hot ng lin
tc lm phn tn cc cht vo trong dch sa. Trc dch ng 17% c pha
t siro 70 % v c bm vo thng phi trn.
3.2.3.2.ng ha ln 2:
Ging nh thuyt minh phn 3.2.1.5 ,ch khc v p sut ng ha
P = 180-200 bar
Sa sau ng ha c a qua thng tm cha.
3.2.3.3. Thanh trng v lm ngui:
Mc ch: tiu dit vi sinh vt c trong khi sa to iu kin thun li cho
hot ng ca vi khun lctic trong qu trnh ln men
Tin hnh: : Sa t thng tm cha c bm vo thit b thanh trng v lm
ngui. Nhit thanh trng l 90-920C thi gian thanh trng l 5 pht, nhit
lm ngui l 42-450C.
3.2.3.4.Ln men:
Mc ch: chuyn ha 1 phn ng c sn trong sa v ng sacharoza c
b sung thnh axit lctic, lm gim pH ca sa to iu kin thch hp cho
protein sa ng t.. Kt qu l to ra sn phm sa chua c c, mn,
nht v chua thch hp.
Tin hnh:+ Qu trnh ln men c thc hin trong thit b 2 v c cnh khuy. Ln men
nhit 42- 45 0C trong thi gian 3-5 gi
+ Lng vi khun ging s dng thc hin qu trnh ln men t 3-5% khi
dch ln men ( tnh theo % th tch ). Vi khun ging c chun b t trc t vi
khun kh vi dch sa. Chng vi khun c tn: Lactobacillus Bulgaricus
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+ Ngoi vic b sung vi khun ging cho qu trnh ln men ta cn b sung
hng du, hng sa vi liu lng cho php to hng v c trng cho sn
phm+ Khi sa sau ln men c kim tra pH, % cht kh, % cht bo trc khi
c lm lnh v vo bn ch rt.
3.2.3.5. Ch rt:
Mc ch: cha sa cn rt
Thc hin: bn l mt thit b c cnh khuy nhng n ch c bt trc khi
rt 2 pht.
3.2.3.6. Rt sa chua Bencopak:
Mc ch:
+ Cch li sn phm vi mi trng bn ngoi nhm ko di thi hn s dng
ca sn phm
+ To kiu dng thch hp cho tiu dng v thun tin khi bao gi , vn chuyn
Tin hnh:
+ Th tch mi hp sa sau khi rt l 110 ml
+ Bao b l loi nha trng c cu trc cng c to dng nh khun mu c
sn.Ton b qu trnh c thc hin trn my rt v bao gi t ng Bencopak
+ Trc khi my rt lm vic ,cn phi c v sinh v kim cc thng s k thut
theo yu cu.
+ Nguyn tc hot ng chnh ca thit b:
Bao b t cun bao b c dn qua cc mm hm c nhit cao t
mm do thch hp,ri c dn qua cc khun nh hnh to hp.Tip theo bao bc dn qua cc u rt np sa chua ri c dn qua khu vc kh v trng. ng
thi nhn c st khun bi n hng ngoi ri c dn vo b phn dn nhn.Cui
cng chng s c ct ri thnh tng v v c bng ti a ra ngoi khu vc xp
thng carton
+ Trong qu trnh my vn hnh th cng nhn vn hnh phi theo di thng
xuyn hot ng ca my kp thi x l nu c s c v kim tra cc yu cu k
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thut ca sn phm ra khi my rt nh: bn ca mi hn v tr np , mu sc
hnh dng hp, trng lng hp
+ Sn phm sa chua c sau khi rt c bo qun trong kho thnh phm nhit 2-3 0C
PHN IV
TNH CN BNG VT CHT
4.1. Thi v nguyn liu:
Thng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Sa bt nguyn liu x x x x x x x x x x x x
4.2 Biu nhp nguyn liu:
Thng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Sa bt nguyn liu X X X X X X X X X X X
Sa bt nguyn liu c nhp t nc ngoi v. Do nhu cu sa bt rt ln
nn s c thu mua quanh nm. S lng sa bt c thu mua nhiu hay t ph
thuc vo cht lng, gi c nguyn liu, ph thuc vo nhu cu sn xut ca nh
my trong thng v cc thng sp ti. V vy phi thng xuyn tm kim v la
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chn cc nh cung ng nguyn liu cho ph hp nhm tm ra ngun cung cp
nguyn liu c cht lng tt vi gi c hp l.
4.3. Biu k hoch sn xut ca nh my:
sn phmThng
Ca1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Sa titit trngc ng
I X X X X X X X X X X X
II X X X X X X X X X X
II X X X X X X
Sa chuac hng
du
I X X X X X X X X X X X
II X X X X X X X X X
III X X X X X X X
Cng nhn trong phn xng c ngh ngy ch nht v cc dp l Tt. Mi
ngy c th lm vic 1, 2 hoc 3 ca ty thuc vo nguyn liu, thi tit, c
bit l nhu cu th trng tiu th
Kh hu ca Vit Nam c 2 ma r rt :ma kh v ma ma. Vo ma kh
nhu cu tiu dng sa tng vt, sc mua ln nn p ng nhu cu ca
ngi tiu dng v tng doanh thu th nh my lm vic ht cng sc, tc 3
ca/ngy, cc thng cn li c th lm vic 1-2 ca/ngy
Thng 11 c chon lm thng tu sa, bo tr, bo dng my mc thit
b
4.4. Biu b tr sn xut cho tng mt hng:
Thng
S ngy
sn xut
Sa ti tit trng
c ng
Sa chua c
hng duCa/ngy Ca/thng Ca/ngy Ca/thng1
2
3
4
5
6
25
19
27
26
25
26
2
1
3
3
3
3
50
19
81
78
75
78
1
1
3
3
3
3
25
19
81
78
75
78
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7
8
910
11
12
27
27
2526
27
3
3
22
2
81
81
5052
54
3
3
22
1
81
81
5052
271 nm 280 699 647
4.5. Tnh cn bng vt cht:
Nng sut chung cho c hai mt hng l 20 triu lt/nm. Phn b nng sut cho
tng mt hng nh sau:
Dy chuyn sn xut sa chua tit trng c ng: 11 triu lit/nm
Dy chuyn sn xut sa chua c hng du: 9 triu lit/nm
4.5.1. S liu ban u:
*Nguyn liu :
sa bt gy:
+ Cht kh 98%+ Cht bo 0,05%
*Thnh phm:
Sa chua c hng du :
+ ng sacharoza b sung 9 %
+ Cht bo 3,5%
+ Khi lng ring: 1,098 kg/l = 1,098.103 kg/m3
+ Dung tch hp: 110 ml/ hp
Sa ti tit trng :
+Cht kh ca sa: 12 %(khng k sacharoza)
+ Cht bo: 3,5%
+ Khi lng ring: 1,04 kg/l = 1,04.103 kg/m3
+ Dung tch hp: 200 ml/ hp
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4.5.2. Tnh cn bng vt cht cho dy chuyn sn xut sa ti tit trng c
ng:
- Nng sut ca dy chuyn tnh theo l/ca:
699
00000011=15736,767 (l/ca)
- Quy i sang kg/ca:
15736,767 x 1,04 =16366238 (kg/ca)
Bng tiu hao nguyn liu cho tng cng on tnh bng % so vi cng on
trc :
STT Tn cng on Tiu haoSa bt gy1 Cn nh lng 0,52 Trn nguyn liu 13 Tiu chun ha 0,54 ng ha ln 1 0,25 Gia nhit v lm lnh 0,56 hon nguyn 0,57 Phi trn 0,58 ng ha ln 2 0,2
9 Tit trng v lm ngui 110 Ch rt 0,211 Rt Tetrapak 3
(11) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on rt hp v ng gi:
16366,238 x3100
100
=16872,410 (kg/ca)
(10 Lng dch sa trc khi vo bn ch rt:
16872,410 x2,0100
100 =16906,222 (kg/ca)
(9) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on tit trng v lm ngui
16906,222 x1100
100
=17076,992 (kg/ca)
(8) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on ng ha ln 2:
17076,992 x2,0100
100
=17111,215 (kg/ca)
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(7) Tng lng dch sa v dch ng b sung trc khi vo cng on phi trn:
17111,215 x5,0100
100
=17197,200 (kg/ca)
Tnh lng ng b sung v lng dch sa cn phi trn vi nhau:
- Gi x l lng dch sa cn tm c tng hm lng cht kh 12%
- Gi y l lng dch ng 70% cn b sung
- Gi z l tng khi lng ca dch sa v dch ng sau phi trn c hm
lng cht kh l 15% (z= 17197,200 kg/ca)
- Gi A,B,C ln lt l hm lng cht kh ca x,y,z( A=12,B=70,C=15)
Ta c h phng trnh:A.x + B.y = C.z
x + y = z
12.x +70.y = 15 . 17197,2
x + y = 17197,2
x = 16307,69 (kg/ca)
y = 889,51 (kg/ca)
T ta c lng ng RE kh cn s dng:
889,51 x100
70= 622,657 (kg/ca)
V tiu hao ng l 5% nn lng ng kh thc t cn s dng l:
622,657 x5100
100
=655,428 (kg/ca)
Lng nc cn pha vi ng kh 70 % c dch ng 70 %:
889,51 - 655,428 =234,082 (kg/ca)
(6) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on hon nguyn:
16307,69 x5,0100
100
=16389,638 (kg/ca)
(5) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on gia nhit v lm lnh:
16389,638 x5,0100
100
=16471,998 (kg/ca)
(4) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on ng ha ln 1:
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16471,998 x2,0100
100
=16505,008 (kg/ca)
(3) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on tiu chun ha:
16505,008 x5,0100
100
=16587,947 (kg/ca)
Tnh khi lng b v khi lng dch sa s dng tiu chun ha:
- Gi x, y ln lt l khi lng dch sa, khi lng b s dng tiu chun
ha, kg/ca
- Gi p, q ,r ln lt l hm lng cht bo c trong sa nguyn liu, c trong
b, c trong sa sau tiu chun ha ( p = 0,05 ; q = 82 ; r = 3,5 )Ta c h phng trnh:
p.x + q.y = r(x+y)
x + y = 16587,947
0,05 x + 82.y = 3,5 . 16587,947
x + y = 16587,947
x = 15889,613 (kg/ca)
y = 698,333 (kg/ca)
Vy khi lng ca dch sa cn tiu chun ha l 15889,613 kg/ca v
khi lng ca b cha 82% cht bo cn b sung l: 698,333 kg/ca.
(1) Tng khi lng sa bt gy v nc nng trc khi vo cng on hon
nguyn l:
15889,613 x1100
100
=16505,451 (kg/ca)
Tnh khi lng sa bt gy v nc nng cn s dng cho hon nguyn:
Gi x l khi lng sa bt gy c hm lng cht kh 98% v y l khi lng
nc nng cn s dng cho hon nguyn c khi sa c tng hm lng cht
kh 8,5 %
Ta c phng trnh:
100
98.x =
100
5,8(x+y)
M x+y = 16050,451
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T ta tnh c:
- Khi lng sa bt gy cn hon nguyn:x = 1392,130 (kg/ca)
- Khi lng nc cn s dng cho hon nguyn: y = 14658,32 (kg/ca)Ta tnh c t l phi trn:
Sa bt gy 1
Nc 45-500C 10,529
(1) Lng sa bt gy cn nh lng:
1392,130 x5,0100
100 = 1399,125 (kg/ca)
Vy cn phi s dng 1399,125 kg sa bt gy nguyn liu cho dy chuyn
sn xut sa ti tit trng c ng trong 1 ca
Ta tnh c t l:
Sa bt gy ban u 1
Sa ti thnh phm 11,697
Tnh s hp cn dng cho dy chuyn sn xut sa ti tit trng c ng:
- Lng dch sa trc khi rt hp i sang l/ca:
04,1
41,16872=16223,471 (l/ca)
(1,04 l t trng ca dch sa thnh phm ,kg/l)
- S hp cn dng cho 1 ca :
310200x
16223,471 = 81118 (hp/ca)
( th tch ca mi hp sa l 200ml = 310200x lit)
Chn t l hao ht hp l 4% th s hp thc t cn s dng:
81118 x4100
100
= 84498 (hp/ca)
4.5.3. Tnh cn bng vt cht cho dy chuyn sn xut sa chua c hng du
- Nng sut ca dy chuyn tnh theo l/ca:
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647
0000009=13910,355 (l/ca)
- Quy i sang kg/ca:
113910,355 x 1,04 = 15273,570 (kg/ca)
Bng tiu hao nguyn liu cho tng cng on tnh bng % so vi cng on
trc :
STT Tn cng on Tiu haoSa bt gy
1 Cn nh lng 0,52 Trn nguyn liu 13 Tiu chun ha 0,54 ng ha ln 1 0,25 Gia nhit v lm lnh 0,56 hon nguyn 0,57 Phi trn 0,58 ng ha ln 2 0,29 Thanh trng v lm ngui 0,5
10 Ln men 211 Lm lnh,Ch rt 2,212 Rt Bencopak 2
(12) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on rt hp v ng gi:
15273,570 x2100
100
=15585,275 (kg/ca)
(11) Lng dch sa trc khi lm lnh v vo bn ch rt:
15585,275 x2,2100
100
=15935,213 (kg/ca)
(10) Lng dch sa trc khi ln men k c vi khun ging cho vo:
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15935,213 x2100
100
=16260,421 (kg/ca)
Tnh khi lng dch sa v khi lng vi khun s dng cho qu trnh ln
men:
- Khi lng vi khun thng dng vi t l 3-5% so vi lng sa dng ln
men. Chn mc trung bnh 4%
- Gi a,b ln lt l khi lng vi khun ging,dch sa cn tm.
Ta c h phng trnh :
a =103
4.b
a + b = 16260,421
a = 625,4 (kg/ca)
b =15635,02 (kg/ca)
V qu trnh b sung vi khun ging hao ht 0,5% nn lng vi khun ging
thc t s dng :
625,4 x5,0100
100
= 628,543 (kg/ca)
(9) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on thanh trng v lm ngui:
15635,02 x5,0100
100
=15713,587 (kg/ca)
(8) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on ng ha ln 2:
15713,587 x2,0100
100
=15745,078 (kg/ca)
(7) Tng khi lng sa ln men ( k c dch sa , ph gia, dch ng ) trckhi vo cng on phi trn:
15745,078 x5,0100
100
=15824,199 (kg/ca)
Tnh khi lng ph gia s dng:
- Ph gia c b sung 0,8% khi sa ln men:
15824,199 x100
8,0=126,593 (kg/ca)
- Chn hao ht s dng ph gia l 0,16% th khi lng ph gia thc t s dng:
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126,593 x16,0100
100
=126,796 (kg/ca)
Tnh khi lng nc ng 17% s dng:
- ng b sung chim 9 % tng cht kh,vy khi lng ng kh s dng :
( b qua m ca ng kh )
15824,199 x100
9= 1424,17 (kg/ca)
Nhng ng c b sung di dng dch ng 17% nn lng dch ng 17%
1424,17 x17
100= 8377,474 (kg/ca)
- Nc ng 17% c pha t siro 70%
Gi Q,Q70 ln lt l khi lng nc pha long,khi lng siro 70%
Ta c phng trnh:
100
70x Q70 =
100
17x 8377,474
Q70 = 2034,529 (kg/ca)
T ta tnh c: Q = 8377,474 - Q70 = 6342,944 (kg/ca)
- Coi qu trnh pha long hao ht 1% nn lng siro 70% thc t:
2034,529 x1100
100
= 2055,079 (kg/ca)
Chn t l hao ht theo ng kh l 5%, b qua m ca ng kh
Siro 70% ngha l trong 100 kg ng c 70kg ng kh v 30kg nc nn khi
lng ng kh l:
2055,079 x10070
x 5100100
= 1514,269 (kg/ca)
- Khi lng nc nu siro 70%:
2055,079 x100
30= 616,523 (kg/ca)
Khi lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on phi trn vi dch ng
17%,ph gia:
15824,199 - (126,796 + 8377,474) = 7319,929 (kg/ca)
(6) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on hon nguyn:
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7319,929 x5,0100
100
= 7356,712 (kg/ca)
(5) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on gia nhit v lm lnh:
7356,712 x5,0100
100
=7393,68 (kg/ca)
(4) Lng dch sa trc khi vo cng on ng ha ln 1:
7393,68 x2,0100
100
=7408,497 (kg/ca)
(3) Tng khi sa v b trc khi vo cng on tiu chun ha :
7408,497 x5,0100
100
=7445,726 (kg/ca)
Tnh khi lng dch sa v khi lng b s dng cho tiu chun ha:
- Gi x,y ln lt l khi lng dch sa gy, b
- Gi p,q,r ln lt l hm lng cht bo c trong dch sa gy, b, dch
sa sau tiu chun ha: ( p = 0,05 ; q = 82 ; r = 3,5 ) . Ta c :
p.x + q.y = r (x+y)x + y = 7445,726
0,05 x + 82.y = 3,5 . 7445,726
x + y = 7445,726
x = 7132,269 (kg/ca)
y = 313,456 (kg/ca)
Vy khi lng dch sa gy cn tiu chun ha l 7132,269 kg/ca v
khi lng b cha 82% cht bo cn b sung l 313,456 kg/ca .
(2) Tng khi bt sa gy v nc nng trc khi vo cng on hon nguyn
7132,269 x1100
100
=7204,312 (kg/ca)
Tnh khi lng bt sa gy v nc nng dng cho hon nguyn:
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Gi x l khi lng sa bt gy c hm lng cht kh 98% v y l khi
lng nc nng cn s dng cho hon nguyn c khi sa c tng hm
lng cht kh 8,5 %Ta c phng trnh:
100
98.x =
100
5,8(x+y)
M x + y = 7204,312
T ta tnh c:
x = 624,863(kg/ca)
y = 6579,448 (kg/ca)Ta tnh c t l phi trn:
Sa bt gy 1
Nc 45-500C 10,529
(1) Lng sa bt gy cn nh lng:
624,863x5,0100
100
= 628,003 (kg/ca)
Vy cn phi s dng 628,003 kg sa bt gy nguyn liu cho dy chuyn sn xut
sa chua c hng du trong 1 ca
Ta tnh c t l:
Sa bt gy ban u 1
Sa ti thnh phm 24,32
Tnh s hp cn dng cho dy chuyn sn xut sa chua c hng du:
- Lng dch sa trc khi rt hp i sang l/ca:
089,1
275,15585= 14195 (l/ca)
( 1,098 l t trng ca dch sa thnh phm ,kg/l )
- S hp cn dng cho 1 ca :
310110x
14195 = 129039 (hp/ca)
( th tch ca mi hp sa l 110 ml = 310110x lit)
- Chn t l hao ht hp l 4% th s hp thc t cn s dng:
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129039 x4100
100
= 134416 (hp/ca)
BNG TNG KT TNH CN BNG VT CHT CHO DY CHUYN
SN XUT SA TI TIT TRNG C NG:
STTTn nguyn vt liu v
bn thnh phmKg/ca Kg/h Kg/ngy
1Bt sa gy nguyn liu
cn nh lng1399,125 174,890 4197,375
2Nc nng 45-500C
dng cho hon nguyn14658,32 1832,29 43974,96
3
Tng khi lng bt sa
gy v nc nng dng
cho hon nguyn
16050,415 2006,306 48151,353
4
Tng khi lng b v
dch sa trong thng
tiu chun ha
16587,947 2073,493
49763,841
+ Khi lng b 698,333 87,291 2094,999+ Khi lng dch sa
gy15889,947 1986,243 47669,841
5Khi lng dch sa
trc khi ng ha ln 116505,008 2063,126 49515,024
6
Khi lng dch sa
nng nhit v lm lnh 16471,998 2058,999 49415,994
7 Khi lng dch sa 16389,638 2048,704 49168,914
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hon nguyn
8
Tng khi lng dch
sa,siro 70% s dng
phi trn
17197,2 2149,65 51591,6
+ dch sa 16307,69 2038,461 48923,07+ siro 70% 889,51 111,188 2668,530+ nc nu siro 70% 234,082 29,260 702,246+ ng kh nu siro
70%655,428 81,928 1966,284
+ hng sa, hng b
khng dng k
9 Khi lng sa ngha ln 2
1711,215 2138,901 5133,645
10Khi lng dch sa tit
trng v lm ngui17076,992 2134,624 51230,976
11Khi lng dch sa vo
bn ch rt16906,222 2113,277 50718,666
12khi lng dch sa vo
my rt Tetrapak16872,41 2109,051 50617,23
13 S hp 84498(hp/ca) 10563(hp/h) 253494(hp/ngy)
BNG TNG KT TNH CN BNG VT CHT CHO DY CHUYN
SN XUT SA CHUA C HNG DU
STTTn nguyn vt liu
v bn thnh phmKg/ca Kg/h Kg/ngy
1Bt sa gy nguyn
liu cn nh lng
628,003 78,50 1884,009
2Nc nng 45-500C
dng cho hon nguyn6579,448 822,431 19738,344
3
Tng khi lng bt
sa gy v nc nng
dng cho hon nguyn
7204,312 900,539 21612,936
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4
Tng khi lng b
v dch sa trong
thng tiu chun ha
7445,726 930,715
22337,178
+ Khi lng b 513,456 39,182 940,368+ Khi lng dch sa
gy7132,269 691,533 21396,807
5
Khi lng dch sa
trc khi ng ha ln
1
7408,497 926,062 22225,491
6 Khi lng dch sanng nhit v lm lnh
7393,68 924,21 22181,04
7Khi lng dch sa
hon nguyn7356,712 919,589 22070,136
8
Tng khi lng dch
sa,siro 70% s dng
phi trn
15824,199 1978,024 47472,597
+ dch sa 7319,929 914,991 21959,787
+ ph gia 126,796 15,849 380,388+ dch ng 17% 8377,474 1047,184 25132,722+ nc pha long t
siro 70% thnh dch
ng 17%
6342,944 792,868 19028,832
+ siro 70% 2034,529 254,316 6103,587+ng RE nu siro 1514,269 189,283 4542,807+nc nu siro 70% 616,523 77,056 1849,569
9Khi lng sa ng
ha ln 2 15745,078 1968,134 47235,234
10
Khi lng dch sa
thanh trng v lm
ngui
15713,587 1968,134 47235,234
11 Tng khi lng dch
ln men16260,321 2032,552 48781,263
+ Vi khun ging thc
t s dng
525,4 78,175 1876,2
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+dch ln men 1563,72 195,465 4691,116+hng sa,hng
b,hng duKhng ng k
12Khi lng dch sa
vo bn ch rt15935,213 1991,9 47805,639
13khi lng dch sa
vo my rt Bencopak15585,275 1948,159 46755,825
14 S hp 134416(hp/ca) 16802(hp/h) 403248(hp/ngy)
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PHN V:
TNH V CHN THIT B
S lng thit b b:
n =
5.1. THIT B DNG CHUNG CHO C HAI DY CHUYN.
5.1.1. Thng hon nguyn.
Thng hon nguyn c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh chm cu, v thng
c lm bng thp khng r., bn trong thng c gn cc tm kim loi c tc dng
l khuy o , pha trn thng l ng c c gn vi cnh khuy nm st y.
* Tnh kch thc thng:
Gi D l ng knh ca thn hnh tr.
Ht l chiu cao ca thn hnh tr
h l chiu cao ca thn hnh chm cu
r l bn knh chm cu ; r = D/2
Chn Ht = 1,3D
h = 0,3D
Chiu cao ton thit b l H
H = Ht + 2x h = 1,3D +2x 0,3D = 1,9D
Gi Vtb l th tch ca thng hon nguyn.
Vtr l th tch thn hnh tr
Vc l th tch thn chm cu
Th Vtb = Vtr + Vc , trong :
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D
HHt
h
Nng sut dy chuyn
Nng sut thit b
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Vtr =4
3,114,3
4
.. 22 DxDxHtD=
= 1,021D3
Vc = ( ) ( )
+=+
2
222233,03,0636
DDDrhh
= [ ]22 75,009,06
3,014,3DD
Dx+ = 0,13188D3
Vtb = Vtru + Vc = 1,021 + 0,13188
Vtb = 1,153 . D3
* Chn D = 1,000 m
Vtb = 1,153 ( m3 )
Ht = 1,3 x D = 1,300 (m)
h = 0,3 x D = 0.300 (m)
H = 1,9 x D = 1,900 (m)
- Do tnh cht ca sa l mi trng giu dinh dng, d ly nhim vi sinh vt
nn khng c gi bn thnh phm ca sa thi gian di, do vy ta s hon
nguyn lng sa trong mt ca thnh nhiu ln, c mi ln hon nguyn xong s
dng ht ta li hon nguyn tip. Mt ca c 8 gi nhng thc t ch lm vic 7,5
gi. Thi gian hon nguyn trung bnh cho mi m mt khong 20 pht. th s m
cn hon nguyn trong 1 ca l:
20
605,7 x= 23 (me/ ca)
- Lng dch sa cn hon nguyn chnh l lng sa cn thit sn xut cho c
hai mt hng: sa tit trng c ng v sa chua c hng du.
Lng dch sa cn hon nguyn l :
16050,451 + 7204,312 = 23254,763 (kg/ca)
i sang th tch l : Vd = 31004,123254,763
x= 22,601 (m3/ca)
( 1,04x103 l t trng ca dung dch sa ti theo n v kg/ m 3 )
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng:
n =239,0 xxV
V
tb
d= 0,9 < 1
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S lng thng l 1, nhng do thng c v sinh nn m bo cho sn
xut ta chn 2 thng, kch thc l: 1000 x 1900 (mm)
5.1.2. Cn nh lng:Thng cn c dng hnh tr,y hnh nn ct
Chon D = 0,8 m
d = 0,2 m
h2 =0,6 m
h1 = 0,44 m
Th phn hnh tr:
V1 = . h1 .D2/4 = 0,221 (m3)Th tch hnh nn ct:
V2 = ).(12
. 222dDdD
h++
V2 = )2,08,02,08,0(12
6,0. 22 x++
= 0,131(m3)
Th tch thng cn
Vtb = V1 + V2 = 0,221 + 0,131 = 0,352 (m3) .
- Tng lng bt sa cn s dng cho 1 ca:
628,003 + 1399,125 = 2027,128 (kg/ca)
i sang th tch:
30,5x10
2027,128= 4,054 ( m3/ ca )
- Chn h s cha y 0,9 th s lng thng cn (s m cn l 23 )
n =239,0352,0
4,054
xx= 0,623 < 1
Chon 2 cn loi ny (1ci lm vic, 1 ci d tr )
5.1.3.Thng cha nc nng dng cho hon nguyn:
- Chn D = 1,115 (m)
=> Ht = 1,3xD = 1,450 (m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,334(m)
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V1
V2
D
h1
h2
d
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H = 1,9xD = 2,119 (m)
Vtb = 1,153 . D3 = 1,6 ( m3 )
- Lng nc nng cn dng :6579,448 + 14658,32 = 21237,768 (kg/ca) = 21,237 (m3/ca)
Nhu cu nc nng ty thuc vo nhu cu bt sa hon nguyn.
Trong 1 ca c th nu c 8 m nc nng
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng ni :
n =89,06,1
21,237
xx= 1,84 (m3)
Vy chn 2 ni5.1.4.Thng tiu chun ha:
Thng c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh nn , lm bng thp khng r
Th tch thng:
Vtb =Vtr + 2x Vnn =4
.. 2 HtD+ h
D.
4..
3
1.2
2
Chon Ht = 1,3D
h = 0,3DChiu cao ton thit b l H0
Vy H = Ht + 2x h = 1,3D +2x 0,3D = 1,9D
Th Vtb =4
.3,1.. 2 DD+ D
D.3,0.
4..
3
1.2
2
Vtb = 0,375. .D3
Chn D = 1,004 (m)
Ta tnh c kch thc ca thng:
Ht = 1,3xD = 1,306 (m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,301(m)
H = 1,9xD = 1,908 (m)
- Th tch thng : Vtb = 0,375. .D3 = 1,194 (m3)
- Lng dch sa cn tiu chun ha :
7445,726 + 16587,947 = 24033,673 (kg/ca)
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DHH
t
h
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i sang th tch : 310032,124033,673
x= 23,358 (m3/ca)
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng ( tiu chun ha 23 m /ca)
n =239,0194,1
24033,673
xx= 0,9 < 1
S lng thng l 1, nhng do thng c v sinh nn m bo cho sn
xut chn 2 thng
5.1.5. Thng cha b:
Thng c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh nn , lm bng thp khng r
- Chn D = 0,834 (m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3
= 0,684 (m3
)Ta tnh c kch thc ca thng:
Ht = 1,3xD = 1,084 (m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,250 (m)
H = 1,9xD = 1,584 (m)
- Lng b cn s dng cho 1 ca i t kg/ca sang m3/ca :
31091,0
333,698456,513
x
+ = 1,164 (m3/ca)
( 31091,0 x l khi lng ring ca b , kg /m3)
Lng b cha trong thng s dng trong 1 /2 ca.
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s thng
n =29,0684,0
1,164
xx= 0,9 4 < 1
Vy chn 1 thng
5.1.6. Thit b ng ho ln 1:
Lng dch sa cn a vo thit b ng ho ln 1:
7408,497 + 16505,008 = 23985,595 (kg/ca)
i ra lt/ca: 032,123985,595
= 23241,859 (lt/ca)
Chn loi thit b ng ho c k hiu APV (Den Mark)
+ Nng sut : 4000lt/h
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+ p lc lm vic : 150-200 bar
+ S lng Pt tng : 3 ci
+ ng knh Pt tng : 40 mm+ Vn tc trc khuu: 315 vng/pht
+ Cng sut ng c in :2,8 KW
+ Kch thc :1200 x 1000 x 1370 mm
S lng thit b:
n =7,5x4000
23241,859 = 0,77 < 1
Chn 1 thit bi.5.1.7. Thng cha sa sau ng ha ln 1:
Thng c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh nn , lm bng thp khng r
- Chn D = 1,430(m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3 = 3,443 (m3)
Ta tnh c kch thc ca thng:
Ht = 1,3xD = 1,859 (m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,429(m)
H = 1,9xD = 2,717 (m)
- Lng sa cn cha sau ng ha:
23241,859 (lt/ca) = 23,241 (m3/ca)
Thng phi ln cha sa trong 1 gi, nh vy trong 1 ca n cha c 8 m.
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng
n =89,03,443
23,241
xx= 0,93 < 1
S lng thng l 1, nhng v vn v sinh nn m bo cho sn xut ta
chn 2 thng
5.1.8. Thit b gia nhit v lm ngui:
Chn thit b gia nhit dng tm Alpha-laval
+ Nng sut: 2000lt/h
+ Nhit thanh trng :800C
+ Thi gian thanh trng :5 pht
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+ Nhit nc lnh : 20C
+ Nhit nc mui :50C
+ Tiu th nc lm mt: 15m3
/h+ Tiu th nc mui :10m3/h
+ Tiu th hi: 120 kg/h
+ Hiu sut s dng hi:82%
+ Tng s tm truyn nhit :100 tm
+ Din tch b mt truyn nhit :22,6 m2
+ ng rnh khe : 25mm
+ Vn tc chuyn ng ca dng sa :0,47 (m/s)+ in nng tiu th : 12 KW
+ Khi lng : 1140 kg
+ Kch thc :1980 x 1110 x 1550mm
Lng dch sa cn a vo thanh trng v lm ngui i t kg/ca sang lt/ca
032,1
998,1647168,7393 += 23937,628 (lt/ca)
S lng thit b : n =20005,7
23937,628x
= 1,59 < 2
Chn 2 thit b.
5.1.9. Thng hon nguyn:
Thng c dng hnh tr nm ngang, hai bn hnh chm cu
- Chn D = 1,430(m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3 = 3,878 (m3)
Ta tnh c chiu di ca thng :
H t = 1,3 x D = 1,947 (m)
h = 0,3 x D = 0,449 (m)
H = 1,9 x D = 2,846 (m)
- Lng dch sa cn a vo hon nguyn i t kg/ca sang lit/ca
310032,1638,16389721,7356
x
+= 23,079 (m3/ca)
vi3
10032,1 x l khi lng ring ca dch sa.
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- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng
n =9,03,787
23,079
x= 6,7 < 7
Chn 8 thng trong c 1 thng d tr
5.1.10. Ni nu nc nng:
- Lng nc cn nu l:
6579,448 + 14085,089 = 20468,747 (kg/ca) = 20,468 (m3/ca)
- Chn D = 1,400 (m)
=> Vtb = 0,375. .D3
= 3,44 (m3)v H = 1,9 x D = 2,700 (m)
Chn h s cha y 0,9 v nu 7 ni/ca, s lng ni:
n =79,03,44
20,468
xx= 0,9 < 1
Chn 1 ni c kch thc : 1400 x 2700
5.1.11. Thng cha nc ngui:
- Chn D = 1,518 (m)
=> Vtb = 0,375. .D3 = 4,033 (m3)
v H = 1,9 x D = 2,884 (m)
- Tng lng nc cn cha:
6404,555 + 622,512 + 234,082 = 7261,149 (kg/ca) = 7,261 (m3/ca)
Lng nc ny chia u 2 ln trong 1 ca
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng l:
n =9,04,033
7,261
x= 0,9 < 1
Chn 2 thng, kch thc: 1518 x 2884 (mm)
5.1.12. N nu sir 70%:
- Lng sir cn nu :
2075,041 + 889,51 = 2964,551 (kg/ca)
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i sang th tch l :349,1
2964,551= 2197,591 (lit/ca)
(1,349 l khi lng ring ca sir 70% tnh theo kg/lit)
- Chn ni nu 2 v c cch khuy v np y kn li WM0-60
+ Th tch 600 lt
+ p sut hi lm vic 29,5 (N/m2)
+ Tiu th hi 62 (kg/h)
+ Kch thc : 1000x 1066 (mm)
+ Khi lng 810 kg
S lng ni : n =6005,7
2197,591x
= 0,488 < 1
Chn 2 ni nu siro ng 70%, trong c 1 ni d tr
5.1.13. Gu ti:
Lng bt sa cn vn chuyn trong 1 gi :358,958 kg/h
Chn gu ti vi cc c tnh k thut.
- Nng sut : Q = 500 (kg/h)
- Chiu rng tm bng : B = 125 (mm)- Chiu rng gu : b = 110 (mm)
- Chiu cao gu : h = 132(mm)
- Chiu cao ming gu: h1 = 66 (mm)
- Bc gu: a = 250(mm)
- Gc ln y gu: r = 35(mm)
- Gc nghing thnh gu: = 40
- Gc xc : = 41031
- Chiu cao lm vic ca gu : H = 3000(mm)
- Kch thc tang quay : D = 300 (mm)
- S vng ca tang : n =D
V
.14,3
.60= 63,694 . V
Vn tc ca gu : V = 8,054,08,06,325,04
xxx
x= 0,8 (m/s)
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n = 63,694 . V = 63,694 x 0,8 = 51 vng
Cng sut ng c truyn ng cho gu ti.
Ndc =
+ 15,1.367. QVqKyHQ (KW)
Trong :
y : Hiu sut ca gu ti , y = 0,7
K : H s tr lc chuyn ng c hi ca gu ti, K = 1,5
q : Khi lng ca mt gu.
(dng gu ko)
=> q = 0,6 QH : Chiu cao lm vic ca gu : H = 3 (m)
Q : Nng sut gu ti 1/2 tn/h
Nc : Cng sut ng c truyn ng cho gu ti.
Nc = 7,036734
x
x(1,5 x 0,8 x 0,6 + 1,15) = 0,1 (KW)
S lng gu ti: 2 ci
5.1.12. ng c cnh khuy:
ng c cnh khuy dng cho nhng thit b gn cnh khuy.
Chn loi my khuy cnh c:
+ Cnh khuy lm bng thp khng g.
+ S vng quay ca cnh khuy 40 vng/pht
+ Cng sut ng c in : 1kw.
5.1.13. Chon bm:
a. Bm dng cho vn chuyn sa chua c ln men:
Chon bm th tch loi HPT c c tnh k thut sau:
Nng sut : 500-1000 kg/h .
p lc bm : 8 mt ct cht lng .
Vn tc quay ca roto : 210-372 vng/pht .
ng c : 02 : 32 : 6 .
Cng sut : 2,2 KW .
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in p : 220/380 V .
Kch thc ( mm ) : 1024 x 500 x 525 .
Khi lng : 110 kg .S lng: 2 ci
b.Bm dng cho cc cng on khc:
Chn bm li tm nhn hiu BUH40
+ Nng sut : 40 (m3/h)
+ p sut lm vic : 0,2 MPa
+ Tc quay : 2910 (vng/pht)
+ Cng sut ng c : 5,5 kw+ ng knh ng ht/y : 75/48 mm
+ Kch thc : 1385 x 510 x 907 mm
+ Khi lng : 210 kg
+ S lng : 11ci
5.2. THIT B DNG CHO DY CHUYN SN XUT SA TI TIT
TRNG C NG
5.2. 1.Thng phi trn vi siro 70%:
- Thng c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh nn:
- Lng dch sa cn s dng cho 1 ca i t kg/ca sang m3/ca l:
31004,12,17197
x=16,535(m3/ca)
( 31004,1 x l t trng ca dch sa sau phi trn , kg /m3)
- Chn D = 1,300 (m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3
= 2,592 (m3
)v Ht=1,3xD =1,690 (m)
h =0,3xD =0,39(m)
H = 1,9xD = 2,470 (m)
Thng ln cha sa trong 1 gi, nh vy nng sut ca n l 8 m/ca
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng l:
n = 89,02,592
16,535
xx = 0,88 < 1
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V vn v sinh nn m bo cho sn xut ta chn 2 thng
, kch thc mi thng : 1300 x 2470 (mm)
5.2. 2.Thng cha siro 70% dng cho phi trn:Thng c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh nn:
- Lng siro cn s dng cho 1 ca i t kg/ca sang m3/ca la:
310349,151,889
x= 0,659(m3/ca)
( 310349,1 x l t trng ca sir 70% , kg /m3)
- Chn D = 0,869 (m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3 = 0,775 (m3)
v Ht=1,3xD = 1,390 (m)
h =0,3xD = 0,260(m)
H = 1,9xD = 1,651 (m)
-Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng l:
n =9,00,775
0,659
x= 0,9 < 1
V vn v sinh nn m bo cho sn xut ta chn 2 thng, kch thc mi
thng : 869x1651 (mm)
5.2. 3 . My ng ha ln 2:
Chn loi my ging mc 5.1.6
- Lng dch sa a vo ng ha ln 2 l :17111,215 kg/ca
i ra lit/ca: 032,117111,215
= 16580,634 (lt/ca)
- S lng thit b:
n =7,5x4000
16580,634=0,55 < 1
Vy chon 1 ci.
5.2. 4. Thng cha sa sau ng ha ln 2:
Thng c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh nn , lm bng thp khng r
- Chn D = 1,277(m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3 = 3,443 (m3)
Ta tnh c kch thc ca thng:
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Ht = 1,3xD = 1,660 (m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,383(m)
H = 1,9xD = 2,426 (m)- Lng sa cn cha sau ng ha:
16580,634 (lt/ca) = 16,580 (m3/ca)
Thng phi ln cha sa trong 1 gi, nh vy trong 1 ca n cha c 8 m.
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng
n =89,02,456
16,580
xx= 0,93 < 1
S lng thng l 1, nhng v vn v sinh nn m bo cho sn xutchn 2 thng
5.2. 5.Thit b tit trng v lm ngui:
Chn thit b tit trng v lm ngui loi bn mng Alpha-laval
+ Nng sut cc i: 4000lt/h
+ p sut hi vo :3,69 at
+ Nhit tit trng :137 - 1400C
+ Thi gian tit trng :3 giy
+ Nhit nc nng : 80- 900C
+ Nhit nc mt : 8-100C
+ Nhit nc mui :20C
+ Tiu th nc nng :30 - 40m3/h
+ Tiu th nc mt :15m3/h
+ Tiu th hi: 120 kg/h
+ Hiu sut s dng hi :82%
+ Tng s tm truyn nhit :171 tm
+ Din tch b mt truyn nhit: 22,6 m2
+ ng rnh khe :25mm
+ Tiu th in nng :12 KW
+ Kch thc: 1980 x 1110 x 1550m
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Lng dch sa trc khi tit trng v lm ngui l: 17076,992 (kg/ca)
i ra th tch04,1
17076,992= 16420 (lt/ca)
S lng : n =4000
16420= 0,51 < 1
Chn 1 thit b.
5.2. 5. Bn ch rt sa ti:
Bn c dng hnh tr ng, y np hnh bn cu:
- Lng sa ca 1 ca i t kg/ca sang m3/ca l:
31004,1222,16906
x = 16,256 (m3/ca)
( 31004,1 x l t trng ca dch sa , kg /m3)
- Chn D = 0,922 (m)
=> Ht = 1,3xD = 1,198 (m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,276 (m)
H = 1,9xD = 1,751(m)
Vtb = 1,153 . D3 = 0,903 ( m3 )
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 v bn c th cha sa c trong 1 gi th s
lng bn :
n =89,00,903
16,256
xx= 2,5 < 3
V vn v sinh nn m bo cho sn xut ta chn 4 thng
kch thc mi bn: 922 x 1751 (mm)
5.2. 7. My rt Tetrapak:
Cc c tnh k thut ca my:
+ Nng sut 1120 lit/h
+ Sai s khi rt : 2%
+ ng c in A02 - 31- 4
+ in nng tiu th : 1,7KW
+ Vn tc quay rt : 1420 vng/pht
+ Nhit ca kh tit trng khi tit trng my: 280-310 oC
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+ Nhit ca kh sch khi my ang rt sa: 40-35 oC
+ Nhit Tube Heater: 480 oC
+ Nhit Super Heater :365o
C+Lu lng H2O2 tiu hao: 190-230 ml/h
+ Khi lng : 2260 kg
+ Kch thc: 3000 x 1800 x 4100 (mm)
S hp cn rt cho 1 ca l: 165236 (hp/ca)
Lng sa cn rt i t kg/ca sang lit/ca l:
04,1
41,16872= 16223,471 (lit/ca)
Thc t trong 1 ca my Tetrapak lm vic 7 ting v tr hao thi gian khi ng
my, thi gian thay cun strip, thi gian thay cun bao b,..
S lng thit b:
n =71120
16223,471
x= 2,069 < 3
Chon 3 my rt Tetrapak
5.3. CC THIT B DNG CHO DY CHUYN SN XUT SA CHUAC HNG DU:
5.3. 1.Thng phi trn :
- Thng c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh nn:
- Lng dch sa cn s dng cho 1 ca i t kg/ca sang m3/ca :
310098,1199,15824
x=14,551(m3/ca)
( 310098,1 x l t trng ca dch sa sau phi trn , kg /m3)
- Chn D = 1,246 (m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3 = 2,282 (m3)
v Ht =1,3xD = 1,620 (m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,373 (m)
H = 1,9xD = 2,367 (m)
Thng ln cha sa trong 1 gi, nh vy nng sut ca n l 8 m/ca
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng l:
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n =89,02,282
14,551
xx= 0,88 < 1
V vn v sinh nn m bo cho sn xut ta chn 2 thng, kch thc mi
thng : 1246 x 2367 (mm)
5.3. 2. Thng cha dch ng 17% dng cho phi trn:
Thng c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh nn:
- Lng siro cn s dng cho 1 ca i t kg/ca sang m3/ca :
31007,1474,8377
x= 7,905 (m3/ca)
(3
10349,1 x l t trng ca sir 70% , kg /m3
)- Chn D = 1,017 (m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3 = 1,24 (m3)
v Ht = 1,3xD = 1,322 (m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,305 (m)
H = 1,9xD = 1,932 (m)
Thng ln cha sa trong 1 gi, nh vy nng sut ca n l 8 m/ca
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng l:
n =89,01,24
7,905
xx= 0,88 < 1
V vn v sinh nn m bo cho sn xut ta chn 2 thng, kch thc mi
thng : 1017 x 1932 (mm)
5.3. 3.Thng cha siro 70% dng cho pha long:
Thng c dng hnh tr ng,y hnh nn:
- Lng siro cn s dng cho 1 ca i t kg/ca sang m3/ca la:
310349,1599,2034
x= 1,507 (m3/ca)
( 310349,1 x l t trng ca sir 70% , kg /m3)
- Chn D = 1,154 (m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3 = 1,773 (m3)
v Ht = 1,3xD = 1,500 (m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,346 (m)
H = 1,9xD = 2,192 (m)
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- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng l:
n =9,01,773
1,507
x= 0,94 < 1
Vy ta chn 1 thng, kch thc mi thng: 1154 x 2192 (mm)
5.3. 4. My ng ha ln 2:
Chn loi my ging mc 5.1.6
- Lng sa cn ng ha i t kg/ca sang lit/ca l:
098,1
078,15745= 14479 (lit/ca)
S lng thit b:n =
5,74000
14479
x= 0,48 < 1
Chn 1 thit b.
5.3. 5.Thng cha sa sau ng ha ln 2:
Thng c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh nn , lm bng thp khng r
- Chn D = 1,221(m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3
= 1,755 (m3
)Ta tnh c kch thc ca thng:
Ht = 1,3xD = 1,587 (m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,366 (m)
H = 1,9xD = 2,320 (m)
- Lng sa cn cha sau ng ha:
14479 (lt/ca) = 14,479 (m3/ca)
Thng phi ln cha sa trong 1 gi, nh vy trong 1 ca n cha c 8 m.
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng
n =89,01,755
14,479
xx= 0,93 < 1
S lng thng l 1, nhng v vn v sinh nn m bo cho sn xut
chn 2 thng: 1221 x 2320 (mm)
5.3. 6. Thit b thanh trng v lm ngui:
Chn thit b dng tm Alpha-laval
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+ Nng sut 2000lt/h
+ Nhit thanh trng 90-920C
+ Thi gian thanh trng 5 pht+ Nhit nc mat 8-100C
+ Tiu th nc lm mt 15m3/h
+ Tiu th hi: 120 kg/h
+ Hiu sut s dng hi 82%
+ Tng s tm truyn nhit 120 tm
+ Din tch b mt truyn nhit 22,6 m2
+ ng rnh khe 25mm+ Vn tc chuyn ng ca dng sa 0,47 (m/s)
+ in nng tiu th : 12 KW
+ Kch thc 1980 x 1110 x 1550mm
Lng dch sa cn a vo thanh trng v lm ngui i t kg/ca sang lit/ca
089,1
587,15713
= 14569,464 (lit/ca)
S thit b: n =20005,7
14569,464
x= 1,09 > 1
Chn 2 thit b.
5.3. 7. Thit b ln men sa chua:
Bn c dng hnh tr ng,y hnh nn:
- Chn D = 1,351 (m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3 = 2,903 (m3)
Ta tnh c kch thc ca thng:
Ht = 1,3xD = 1,756 (m)
H = 0,3xD = 0,405 (m)
H = 1,9xD = 2,567 (m)
- Lng sa ln men i t kg/ca sang lit/ca l
310098,1
421,16260
x= 14,809 (m3/ca)
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- Thng phi ln cha sa ln men trong 5 gi, nh vy trong 1 ca s m
ln men ca thit b: 8/5 = 1,6 (m)
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng
n =6,19,02,903
14,809
xx= 4,54 < 5
Chn 7 thng ln men trong c 2 thng d tr.
5.3. 8. Thit b lm lnh sa ln men:
Chn thit b lm lnh nhanh kiu Alpha-Laval
Nng sut; 4000 lit/h
ng rnh khe : 25 mmTng s tm truyn nhit: 64 tm
Kch thc: 1000 x 450 x 1200 (mm)
- Lng sa cn lm lnh i t kg/ca sang lit/ca l
098,1
213,15935 = 14512,94 9 (lit/ca)
- S lng thit b:
n =40005,7
914512,94x
= 0,48 < 1
Chon 1 ci
5.3. 9. Thit b cha vi khun ging :
L thit b hnh tr ng, y hnh nn, bn trong c cnh khuy.
- Chn D = 0.850 (m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3 = 0,723 (m3)
Ta tnh c kch thc ca thng:
Ht = 1,3xD = 1,105 (m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,255 (m)
H = 1,9xD = 1,615 (m)
-Lng vi khun ging cn s dng cho 1 ca i t kg/ca sang m3/ca
310032,1
645,634
x= 0,615(m3/ca)
(coi t trng ca vi khun ging bng t trng dch sa ti: 310349,1 x kg /m3)
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- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng thng
n =9,00,723
0,615
x= 0,94 < 1
Chn 1 thng
5.3. 10. Bn ch rt sa chua :
Bn c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh nn, bn trong c cnh khuy.
- Chn D = 0,988 (m) => Vtb = 0,375. .D3 = 1,138 (m3)
Ta tnh c kch thc ca thng:
Ht = 1,3xD = 1,284 (m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,296 (m)H = 1,9xD = 1,877 (m)
-Lng sa chua ca 1 ca i t kg/ca sang m3/ca la:
310098,1213,15935
x = 14,513 (m3/ca)
( t trng ca sa chua : 310098,1 x kg /m3)
Thng phi ln cha sa trong 1 gi, nh vy trong 1 ca n cha c 8 m.
- Chn h s cha y l 0,9 th s lng bn cha:
n =89,01,138
14,513
xx= 1,77 < 2
V vn v sinh nn m bo cho sn xut ta chn 3 bn , kch thc
mi bn : 988 x 1877 (mm)
5.3. 11. My rt sa chua ( Bencopak):
Cc c tnh k thut ca my rt Bencopak:
-Nng sut: 15000 lit/h
-S u rt : 8
-Th tch ca mi hp sa: 110 ml
-sai s khi rt : 2%
-Nhit khun: 165-200 oC
-Nhit hn: 200-250 oC
-Nhit du:30-35o
C
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-p sut du: 80-100 kg/cm2
-Kch thc: 5000 x 2100 x 2000 (mm)
Lng sa cn rt i t kg/ca sang lit/ca l:
098,1
275,15585= 14194,24 (lit/ca)
Thc t trong 1 ca my Tetrapak lm vic 7 ting v tr hao thi gian khi ng
my, thi gian thay cun bao b, ..
S lng thit b:
n =71120
14194,24
x= 1,35 < 2
Chon 2 my rt Bencopak
5.3. 12.Thng cha ph gia:
Thng c dng hnh tr ng , y hnh chm cu
- Lng ph gia cn dng:
128,027 (kg/ca) hoc 16 (kg/h)
- Chn thng c th tch l 0,2 m3
- Nu s lng thng n = 1, ta tnh c kch thc ca thng:V = 1,153 . D3
=> D = 3153,1
V = 3
153,1
0,2= 0,557 (m)
H = 1,9xD = 1000 (m)
Chn 1 thng, kch thc thng : 557 x 1000 (mm)
BNG TNG S LNG V KCH THC THIT B DNG TRONGPHN XNG SN XUT CHNH
STT Tn thit b Kch thc (mm) S lngCc thit b dng chung cho 2 dy chuyn sn xut cc cng on u
1Thng hon nguyn sa
bt
1000 x 19002
2 Cn nh lng D=800,h1=440,h2=600,d=200 23 Thng tiu chun ha 1004 x 1908 2
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4Thng cha nc nng
cho hon nguyn
1115 x 21192
5 Thng cha b 834 x 1584 1
6 My ng ha ln 1 1200 x 1000 x 1300 1
7Thng cha sau ng ha
ln 1
1403 x 27172
8Thit b gia nhit v lm
lnh
1980 x 1110 x 15502
9 Thng hon nguyn 1498 x 2846 810 Thng cha nc ngui 1518 x 2884 211 Thng nu nc nng 1400 x 2700 112 Ni nu sir ng 1000 x 1066 2
Cc thit b dng cho dy chuyn sa ti tit trng c ng
13Thng phi trn vi sir
70%
1300 x 24702
14 Thng cha sir 70% 869 x 1651 215 My ng ha ln 2 1200 x 1000 x 1300 1
16Thng cha sau ng ha
ln 2
1277 x 24262
17Thit b tit trng v lm
ngui
1980 x 1110 x 15501
18 Bn ch rt 922 x 1751 419 My rt Tetrepak 2100 x 1800 x 4100 3
Cc thit b dng cho dy chuyn sa chua c hng du20 Thng phi trn 1246 x 2367 321 Thng cha sir 70% 1154 x 2192 1
22Thng cha dch ng
17%
1017 x 19322
23 My ng ha ln 2 1200 x 1000 x 1300 2
24 Thng cha sau ng haln 2
1221 x 2330 2
25Thit b thanh trng v
lm lnh
1980 x 1110 x 15702
26 Thit b ln men 1351 x 2567 7
27Thit b lm lnh sa
ln men
1000 x 450 x12002
28 Bn ch rt 988 x 1877 3
29 Thit b cha vi khun 850 x 1615 1
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ging30 My rt Bencopak 5000 x 2100 x 2000 231 Thng cha ph gia 557 x 1000 1
PHN VI
TNH T CHC V XY DNG
6.1.TNH T CHC:
6.1.1. S t chc:
6.1.2.Tnh nhn lc:
Nhn lc lm vic gin tip:
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Gim c
Ph Gim cK Thut
Ph Gim cKinh T
Phnxngsnxut
Phnxngc inlnh
Phngk thut
PhngKCS
Phnghnhchnh
Phngnghipv- khoch
B phnMarketting
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- Gim c :1 ngi
- Ph gim c : 2 ngi
- Phng k thut : 3 ngi- B phn Marketting : 2 ngi
- Phng nghip v- k hoch : 2 ngi
- Phng t chc hnh chnh : 2 ngi
-Phng y t :2 ngi
-Phng KCS nh my :2
-Bo v: :4
-V sinh ,git l :2-Nh n :4
Tng s : 26 ngi
Nhn lc lm vic trc tip:
STT nhim v s ngi/ca s ngi/ngy1 Cn nh lng (chung) 1 3
2 Hon nguyn,tiu chun ha, ng haln 1, hon nguyn (chung)
2 6
3 Phi trn, ng ha ln 2 (sa ti) 1 34 Ch rt,rt Tetrapak ( sa ti) 3 95 Khu nhit (chung) 3
6Phi trn, ng ha ln 2,pha long siro
( sa chua)2 6
7 Ln men,lm lnh ( sa chua) 1 28 B sung men ( sa chua) 1 2
9 Ch rt, rt Bencopak ( sa chua) 2 410 v sinh phn xng 2 411 vn chuyn sn phm qua kho 6 1812 cn b qun l phn xng 1 413 qun l kho thnh phm,nguyn liu 2 6
14Nh ni hi,pht in d phng, lnh
trung tm3 9
15 Cung cp nc 1 316 Phn xng c in 5 15
17 x l nc thi 1 3
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18 Phng KCS phn xng 2 6Tng 39 117
- Tng nhn lc ca nh my: 117 + 26 = 142 (ngi)
- Vy s nhn lc ng nht trong 1ca l: 39 + 26 = 65 ( ngi )
6.2.TNH XY DNG:
6.2.1 Phn xng sn xut chnh.
Chn phn xng sn xut dng ch i c kch thc:
- Chiu di : 36 m
- Chiu rng : 18 m
- Chiu cao : 6 m
- Bc ct : 6 m
c im nh:
Nh btng ct thp, 1 tng, ct 400 x 600(mm) chu lc, tng bao che,
tng dy 200(mm), nh c nhiu ca ra vo vn chuyn nguyn liu , sn
phm v cho cng nhn i lai, nh c nhiu ca s thng gi v chiu
sng. Nn c cu trc:
+ Lp gch chiu axit : 100 (mm)
+ Lp b tng chu lc : 300(mm)
+ Lp ct m : 200(mm)
+ Lp t nn cht cui cng.
Mi c cu trc.
+ Gin tam gic trc tip ln dm b tng lm theo kt cu mng chu lc.
+ Panel mi dy : 300(mm)
+ Lp btng dy : 40(mm)
+ Lp gch chiu nhit dy : 70(mm)
6.2.2. Phng thng trc bo v: 2 ci 2 cng vo nh my
Chn nh c kch thc:
Di x rng x cao : 4 x 3 x 4 (m)
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6.2.3. Khu hnh chnh.
Xy dng nh 2 tng c kch thc: 18 x 12 x 8 (m)
-Tng 1: 18 x 12 x 4 ( m )- Tng 2: 18 x 12 x 4 ( m )
Gm cc phng:
- Gim c : 6 x 6 x 4
- Ph gim c k thut : 6 x 6 x 4
- Ph gim c kinh t : 6 x 6 x 4
- K thut : 6 x 6 x 4
- B phn Marketting : 6 x 6 x 4- Nghip v k hoch : 6 x 6 x 4
- T chc hnh chnh : 6 x 6 x 4
- Y t : 6 x 6 x 4
-Phng khch : 6 x 6 x 4
-Hi trng : 12 x 6 x 4
6.2.4.Nh n :
-Tnh 2m2 cho mi ngi n
-Din tch cc phng c tnh ti thiu cho 2/3 s ngi ca ca ng nht:
-Din tch nh n ti thiu: 2 x 65 x 2/3 = 86 ( m2 )
-Chn din tch nh n : 12 x 12 ( m )
6.2.5.Nh v sinh, phng git l, phng pht o qun -bo h lao ng ( phng
sinh hot v sinh)
Nh c b tr cui hng gi v c chia ngn ra nhiu phng dnh cho namv cho n: phng v sinh nam, hng tm nam, phng v thay o qun nam,
phng v sinh n, phng tm n, phng v thay ao qun n, phng git l, phng
pht o qun v bo h lao ng.
- 60% nhn lc ca ca ng nht: 0,6x65 = 39 ( ngi )
- Trong nh my thc phm thng nam chim t l 30% , n chim 70 %
Nam: 0,3 x 39 = 12 ngi
N: 0,7 x 39 = 27 ngi
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Cc phng dnh ring cho nam:
Phng thay o qun: chn 0,2 m2 /ngi
din tch: 0,2 x 12 = 6 ( m2
) Nh tm: chon 4 ngi/ vi tm
s lng: 12/4 = 3 phng, kch thc mi phng 0,9 x 0,9 (m)
Tng din tch: 3x0,81 = 2,43 ( m2 )
Phng v sinh: chn 2 phng, kch thc mi phng 1,2 x 0,9 (m)
Tng din tch: 2x1,08 = 2,16 ( m2 )
Cc phng dnh ring cho n:
Phng thay o qun: chn 0,2 m2 /ngi
din tch: 0,2x27 = 5,4 ( m2 )
Nh tm: chon 4 ngi/ vi tm
s lng: 27/4 = 7 phng, kch thc mi phng 0,9 x 0,9 (m)
Tng din tch: 7x0,81 = 5,67 ( m2 )
Phng v sinh: chn 4 phng, kch thc mi phng 1,2 x 0,9 (m)
Tng din tch: 4x1,08 = 4,32 ( m
2
) Phng git l:
Chn kch thc phng 3 x 3 (m)
Din tch phng: 3x3 = 9 ( m2 )
Phng pht o qun v bo h lao ng.:
Chn kch thc phng 3 x 3 (m)
Din tch phng: 3x3 = 9 ( m2 )
* Tng din tch nh sinh hot v sinh:
6 + 2,43 + 2,16 + 5,4 + 5,67 + 4,32 + 9 + 9 = 43,98 ( m2 )
Chn kch thc nh: 12 x 6 x 4 ( mm )
6.2.6.Kho thnh phm:
Bao gm:
(1) kho thnh phm sa chua: c cu to l kho lnh, nhit 2-30C
(2) kho thnh phm sa ti: bo qun nhit mi trng
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Cn c vo nng sut ca phn xng v s ngy lu kho d tnh ca 2 mt hng,
tnh v chn din tch cho tng kho thnh phm (1) v (2) nh sau:
(1) Kho bo qun sa chua c.- Kch thc ti thiu ca nh kho cha sn phm trong 3 ngy. Lng sn
phm sn xut trong mt ca l: 134416 hp/ ca
- Chn s ca lm vic nhiu nht trong ngy l 3 ca. Vy lng sn phm sn xut
trong 1 ngy l: 134416 x 3 = 403248 (hp/ngy).
- Hp sa chua c cha trong thng cacton, mi thng c 48 hp.
- Kch thc thng cacton : 46 x 31 x 12 (cm).
- Din tch chim ch mi thng : f = 0,46 x 0,31 = 0,1426(m2).- Thng cacton cha sa chua bo qun trong kho lnh c xp thnh tng
chng, mi chng gm 2 pallet chng ln nhau, mi pallet cht cao c 14 thng.
Chiu cao mi chng : (0,12 x 14 )x2 = 3,36 ( m ).
- Din tch phn sa bo qun chim ch trong kho tnh theo cng thc:
F1 =kc nxn
fxNxnxa
Trong : n : S ngy bo qun , n = 3 ngy
nc: S hp trong 1 thng , nc = 48
nk: S thng trong 1 chng, nk = 28
N : S hp sn xut trong ngy, N = 403248
f : Din tch chim ch mi thng, f = 0,1426 (m2)
a : H s tnh n khong cch gia cc thng, chn a = 1,1
F1 = 28481426,040324831,1
x
xxx= 141,19 (m2)
Din tch li i: chn 20% F1
F2 = 0,2 x 150,6 = 28,238 (m2)
Tng din tch:
F = F1 + F2 = 141,19 + 28,238 = 169 (m2)
Chn kch thc ca kho : 24 x 9 x 6 (m).
(2) Kho bo qun sa ti tit trng.
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- Kho c kch thc cha ng sa ti trong 5 ngy. Hp sa ti tit
trng c cha trong thng cacton, mi thng c 36 hp. Kch thc thng cacton
l : 40 x 27 x 9(cm).- Din tch chim ch mi thng l: 0,40 x 0,27 = 0,108 (m2).
- Thng cacton cha sa chua bo qun trong kho lnh c xp thnh tng
chng, mi chng gm 2 pallet chng ln nhau, mi pallet cht cao c 15 thng.
Chiu cao mi chng :
(0,9x15)x2 = 2,7 (m)
- Lng sa sn xut trong 1 ca l : 84498 (hp/ca)
Chn s ca lm vic ln nht trong ngy l 3 ca. Vy s hp sn xut trong ngy l:84498 x 3 = 253494 (hp/ngy).
- Din tch phn kho cha sa ti l:
F1 =kc nxn
fxNxnxa
Trong : n : S ngy bo qun , n = 5 ngy
nc: S hp trong 1 thng , nc = 36
nk: S thng trong 1 chng, nk = 30
N : S hp sn xut trong ngy ,N = 253494
f : Din tch chim ch mi thng, f = 0,108 (m2)
a : H s tnh n khong cch gia cc thng, chn a = 1,1
F1 =3036
108,025349451,1
x
xxx= 139,421 (m2)
Din tch li i : chn 20% F1
F2 = 0,2 x 139,421 = 27,884 (m2)
Tng din tch:
F = F1 + F2 = 139,421 + 27,884 = 167,305 (m2)
Chn kch thc ca kho : 24 x 9 x 6 (m).
* Vy kch thc tng cng ca nh kho cho 2 mt hng:
24 x 18 x 6 (m).
6.2.7. Kho nguyn vt liu:
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Kho l ni cha :ng, bt sa gy, b, bao b, ph gia v c ngn bi
vch ngn. Ngoi ra cn c phng KCS, phng iu hnh sn xut, phng lu mu
nhng b tr li i ring.
(1) Khu cha ng RE.
- Xy dng kho c kch thc ti thiu cha lng cung cp cho sn xut trong
7 ngy.
- Lng ng cn sn xut trong 1 ca l:
1514,269 + 655,428 = 2169,697(kg/ca)
Chn s ca lm vic ln nht trong 1 ngy l 3 ca.
- Vy lng ng cn dng trong 1 ngy l.: 2169,697x 3 = 6509,091 (kg)
- ng c cha trong bao 50kg, kch thc mi bao :0,8 x 0,4 x 0,2 (m)
Trong kho cha, bao c t nm ngang, cc bao c chng ln nhau thnh tng
chng, mi chng xp 15 bao.
- Chiu cao mi chng l: 0,2 x 15 = 3 (m)
- Din tch mi bao nm ngang l : 0,8 x 0,4 = 0,32 (m2)
- H s tnh n khong cch gia cc bao : a = 1,1- Din tch phn cha ng l:
F1 = 155032,06509,09171,1
x
xxx= 21,38 (m2)
- Din tch i li trong kho chim 20% so vi din tch ng RE chim ch.
F2 = 0,2 x 21,38 = 4,2 (m2)
- Tng din tch khu vc cha ng:
F = F1 + F2 = 21,38 + 4,2 = 25,65(m2)
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Chn kch thc khu vc cha ng: 6 x 6 x 6 (m).
(2) Khu vc cha bt sa gy:
- Lng bt sa gy d tr cn cho nh my sn xut trong 1 thng(v bt sa gyphi nhp ngoi)
- Lng bt sa cn sn xut trong 1 ngy :
( 629,003 + 1399,125) x 3 = 6081,384
- Bt sa c cha trong bao 40kg c kch thc : 0,8 x0,4 x 0,15 (m)
- Bao xp trong kho thnh tng chng, mi chng l 20 bao.
Chiu cao mi chng 0,15 x 20 = 3(m).
Din tch mi bao nm ngang l : 0,8 x 0,3 = 0,32 (m2)- H s tnh n khong cch gia cc bao: a = 1,1
- Din tch phn kho cha l:
F1 =2040
32,06081,384301,1
x
xxx= 80,274 (m2)
- Din tch i li trong kho chim 20% so vi din tch sa chim ch.
F2 = 0,2 x 80,274 = 16,054 (m2)
Vy din tch ca kho cha l:
F = F1 + F2 = 80,274 + 16,054 = 96,128 (m2)
Chn kch thc ca kho: 14 x 7 x 6 (m).
(3) Khu vc cha b, ph gia, bao b :
Chn kch thc ca khu vc ny l : 6 x 5 x 6 (m)
(4). Phng ha nghim (KCS)
chn phng c kch thc:8 x 4 x 6 (m)
(5) Phng iu hnh sn xut:
dnh cho cn b qun l ca v qun c phn xng
Chon kch thc phng: 4 x 4 x 6 (m)
Vy kch thc nh kho nguyn vt liu: 18 x 12 x 6 (m)
6.2.8. Trm bin p
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6.2.16. Thp nc:
.Nc y l nc thy cc cung cp cho sn xut.
Chn thp :+ cao chn thp 14 m
+ ng knh ca thp l 4 (m)
+ Chiu cao thp nc 4 (m)
6.2.17. Nh xe ( 2ci):
kch thc: 10 x 4x 4 (m)
BNG TNG KT CC CNG TRNH XY DNG TON NH MY
STT Tn cng trnh Kch thc (m) Din tch (m2)1 Phn xng sn xut chnh 36 x 18 x 6 6482 Phng bo v (2 ) 4x3x4 12(x2)3 Khu hnh chnh 18x12x8 2164 Nh n 12x12x6 1445 Khu vc kho thnh phm 24x18x6 4326 Kho nguyn vt liu 18x12x6 2167 Trm bin p 4x4x4 168 Khu x l nc thi 12x6x6 729 Phn xng c in 9x6x6 54
10 Kho ha cht,nhin liu(vt t k thut) 4x4x6 1611 Nh ni hi 9x6x6 5412 Nh pht in d phng 6x6x6 36
13 lnh trung tm 6x6x6 3614 Khu cung cp nc v x l nc 12 x6x6 9015 i nc D = 4,H = 4 12,5616 Nh xe(2) 10x4x4 40(x2)
17Nh v sinh,git l,pht o qun-bo h
lao ng
12x12x6144
Tng din tch cc cng trnh 2290,56
6.3. TNH KHU T XY DNG NH MY
6.3.1. Din tch khu t
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xd
xd
kd
K
FF =
Trong : Fkd : din tch khu t nh my .
Fxd : tng din tch ca cng trnh .
Kxd : h s xy dng .
i vi nh my thc phm Kxd = 30 40 % .
Chn Kxd = 35 % .
).(742,633835,0
2218,56 2mFkd ==
6.3.2.Tnh h s s dng Ksd
kd
sdsd F
FK =
Trong :
Ksd : h s s dng .n nh gi ch tiu kinh t k thut tng mt bng nh my .
Fsd : din tch s dng nh my .
Fsd = Fcx + Fgt + Fhl + Fxd .
Trong :KxdFcx : din tch trng cy xanh .
Fhl : din tch hnh lang .
Fgt : din tch t giao thng .
Fcx = 0,4.Fxd = 0,5. 2218,56 = 887,424 ( m2 ).
Fgt = 0,26.Fxd = 0,26. 2218,56 = 576,825 ( m2 ) .
Fhl = 0,2.Fxd = 0,2. 2218,56 = 443,712 ( m2 ).
Fsd = 887,424 + 576,825 + 443,712 + 2218,56 = 4126,521 ( m2 ) .
.65,0742,6338
4126,521==sdK
Chn khu t xy dng c kch thc : 115 x 65 ( m 2 ) .
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PHN VII
TNH IN-HI-NC-LNH
7.1.T NH IN
in dng trong nh my bao gm : + in chiu
+ in dng cho ng lc .
Yu cu in dng cho chiu sng:
Cng sut ca cc ng c ti cc phn xng phi ph hp vi yu cu ca
thit b trong dy chuyn . Nu ta chn h s d tr cng sut qu nh th d gy qu
ti khi lm vic . Ngc li nu chn qu ln th s tiu th nhiu cng sut ng thi
lm gim h s cng sut cos do chy non ti .
Yu cu in dng cho ng lc:
- nh sng phi phn b u , khng c bng ti v khng lm lo mt .- m bo cht lng ca ri v hiu qu chiu sng i vi cng trnh
- m bo cht lng quang thng , mu sc nh sng v sng ti thiu
7.1.1.in dng cho chiu sng:
Ta c cng thc tnh nh sau :
Ptc =p
td
S
P Ptd = Ptc . Sp (W) .
Trong : + Ptd : Tng cng sut cc n , W .
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+ Ptc :Cng sut chiu sng tiu chun trn mt n v din tch, W/m2
+ Sp : Din tch ca phng, m2 .
Nu gi Po :l cng sut tiu chun ca n , W
Ta c s bng n khi cha lm trn :o
tdd P
Pn =
Sau khi tnh c s bng n v lm trn ta c c s bng n dng thc t nc
Tnh cng sut s dng thc t theo cng thc:
Pcs = nc x Po
Tnh ton trong bng sau :
STT Tn cng trnh Dintch,
Sp(m2)
ri
(Lux)
Pt
(W/m2)
Ptd
(W)
Po
(W)
nc
(ci)
Pcs
(W)
1Phn xng sn
xut chnh648 50 11,3 7322 200 36 7200
2
Phng thng
trc-bo v ( 2
ci)
12x2 10 3,6 86,4 40 2 80
3Nh xe 2 bnh ,
4 bnh (2 ci)40x2 10 3,6 288 40 6 240
4Nh v sinh,git
l,pht o qun144 20 4 576 40 15 600
5Nh hnh chnh
( 2 tng )216x2 30 4 1728 40 43 1720
6 Nh n 144 20 4 576 40 15 6007 Kho thnh phm 648 40 7 4536 200 22 4400
8Kho nguyn vt
liu288 40 7 2016 200 10 2000
9 Trm bin p 16 10 3,6 57,6 40 1 40
10Khu x l nc
thi72 20 6 432 100 10,8 1080
11Phn xng c
in54 20 6 324 40 8 320
12
Kho ha cht
nhin liu 18 10 3,6 64,8 40 1 40
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13 Nh ni hi 54 30 7 378 100 3 300
14Nh pht din d
phng3 27 7 252 100 2 200
15Khu lnh trung
tm36 20 7 252 100 2 200
16Khu cung cp v
x l nc72 10 3,6 259,2 100 2 200
17Chiu sng cc
khu vc khc0 20 6 0 100 9 900
Tng 19220Cng sut chiu sng thc t l : 19,220KW.
Tnh ph ti chiu sng:
Pcs = K1.x Pcs ( KW ) .
Trong : K1 : h s ng b gia cc n c gi tr t 0,9 1 , ly K1 =1
Pcs : tng cng sut chiu sng
Pcs = 1x 19200 =19200 ( W )
7.1.2.Tnh cng sut ng lc
Bng thng k in tiu th cho ng lc
STT Tn thit b S lngCng sut
tiu th, KW
Tng cng
sut, KW
1Thit b thanh trng v lm
ngui4 12 48
2Thit b tit trng v lm
ngui1 12 12
3 My ng ha 3 2,8 8,4
4 My rt sa ti 3 1,7 5,15 My rt sa chua 2 1,8 3,66 My lnh 1 21,3 21,37 Bm BUH40 2 5,5 118 Bm HPT 15 2,2 339 ng c cnh khuy 39 1 39
10 Gu ti 2 0,1 0,211 Vt ti 2 0,1 0,2
Tng 181,8Tng cng sut in cho ng lc :Pl = 181,8 (KW ) .
Ph ti in nng cho ng lc :
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Pl = Pl x Kl ( KW ) .
Vi Kl: H s ng lc ph thuc vo mc mang ti ca cc thit b v s lm
vic khng ng u ca cc thit b, thng Kl = 0,5 0,6 , chn Kl = 0,6Pl = 181,8 x 0.6 = 109,08 (KW )
Vy cng sut nh my nhn c t b phn th cp ca trm bim p hay
my pht in l : Ptt = Pcs + Pl = 19,2 + 109,08 = 128,26 (KW )
7.1.3. Tnh in nng tiu th hng nm:
Tnh in nng tiu th cho chiu sng
ACS = PCS .T .K ( KW.h) .
Trong : PCS = Pn = 19,2 KW
K: h s ng b gia cc n , t 0,9 1 ; ly K =1
T: h s s dng ti a (h) , T = K1 . K2 . K3 .
K1 : Thi gian thp sng trong mt ngy : K1 = 12 h .
K2 : S ngy lm vic bnh thng trong thng , K2 = 23 ngy .
K3 : S thng lm vic trong mt nm, K3 = 11 thng .T = 12x23x11=3036 (h)
Thay s ta c : ACS = 19,2 x 3036 x 1 = 58291,2 (KW .h) .
in nng tiu th cho ng lc
Adl = Pdl .T .K ( KW.h) . Trong :
K : h s ng lc cn dng , chn K = 0,6 .
T : thi gian hot ng trong nm, T = 24 . 23 . 11 = 6072 ( h ) .
Adl = 118,8 . 0,6 . 6072 = 432812,16 ( KW.h ) .
in nng tiu th cho ton nh my trong nm
A = A ( ACS + Adl ) ( KW.h ) .
A : in nng tn hao trn ng dy, ly A = 3 % ( ACS +Adl ) .
A = 1,03 .( 58291,2 + 432812,16) = 491103,36 ( KW.h ) .
7.1.4. Chn my bin p
H s cos i vi phn chiu sng c th ly bng 1 .
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Tnh cng sut phn khng
Qtt2 = Ptt2 . tg 1 ( KVA ) .
Vi cc thit b ng lc h s cos = 0,6 tg = 1,333Vy Qtt2 = 109,08 . 1,133 = 123,587 ( KVA ) .
Tnh dung lng b
nng h s cos 1 = 0,6 ln cos 2 = 0,9 0,96 .
Qb = Ptt2 . ( tg 1 - tg 2 ) ( KVA ) .
Vi cos 2 = 0,92 ta c tg 2 = 0,426 .
Qb = 109,08 . ( 1,333 0,426 ) = 98,935 ( KVA ). Xc nh s t in
S lng t in cn dng :
123,1110
98,935===
q
Qn p .
Vy chn n = 12 t .
Sau khi chn t ta th li v tnh c cos thc t theo