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Agenda

What is SOA?

Concept of service and web services

SOA from different perspectives SOA technologies and products

SOA pitfalls

This presentation has 40 slides.

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Modern corporations are faced with a profounddilemma. Increasingly, they are becoming information-

based organizations, dependent on a continuous flow ofdata for virtually every aspect of their operations. Yettheir ability to handle that data is breaking downbecause the volume of information is expanding fasterthan the capacity to process it. The result: Corporations

are drowning in their own data.The problem doesnt lie in hardwarecomputerscontinue to increase in speed and power at aphenomenal rate. The failure lies in software. Developingsoftware to tap the potential of computers turns out tobe a far greater challenge than building faster machines.

David A. Taylor, Ph.D.,

inObject Technology: A Managers Guide

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SOA Defined Service-Oriented Architecture is an IT strategy that

organizes the discrete functions contained in enterpriseapplications into interoperable, standardsbased

services that can be combined and reused quickly tomeet business needs.

There are some keywords in this definition that need tobe inspected further, so lets do that.

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IT Strategy SOA is a strategy or paradigm to manage business

computing needs in an enterprise.

SOA is an approach to how to handle your IT to promote

successful business. SOA is an enterprise-level architecture for most of

business applications.

Main aim and promise of SOA is to reduce the time and

cost of creating new applications through reuse. SOA builds its sphere around the concepts of business

processes and services.

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IT and Business Alignment IT-Business tension has always been a problem in

enterprises.

This tension should be overcome in order to have

successful IT applications that create competitive edgefor the enterprise.

BusinessStrategy SOA

IT

Strategy

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Discrete Functions Every enterprise has a number of its own business

functions.

Most of those functions are discrete in that they handle

different parts of the business mostly without touchinganother.

Or if they are communicating, it mostly happens point-to-point basis or they share some data, etc.

In fact those discrete functions should become part ofapplications that implement company-wide processes tocreate for example more integrated and less overlappingcustomer experience.

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Enterprise Application Functions are implemented by software applications.

By implementing functions, applications managebusiness processes that consequently provide some

functions to internal departments of the company or itspartners and customers.

Those discrete applications live in local contexts such asthe individual departments or among a few of them.

Production, marketing, customer service, finance andsome others such as claims in insurance business or moretechnological ones in telecom business

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Business Processes and Contexts But SOA implements business processes at wider

contexts: Company-wide and/or a space from suppliersto customers.

Thats because processes in an enterprise get morecomplex and they touch customers at more points andin more interactive and information-intensive ways.

And think that all these interaction points behave

distinctly and treat the customer without knowinganything about other interaction points!

That creates frustrating experience for the customers.

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Interoperable The IEEE Glossary defines interoperability as the ability

of two or more systems or components to exchangeinformation and to use the information that has been

exchanged. Interoperability has always been hard and traditionally

achieved with one of manyEnterprise ApplicationIntegration (EAI) approaches

Two sides of the wire have mostly incompatible OSs, PLs,protocols, file formats, etc.

EAI has been achieved by P2P, bus-based architectures.

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Point-to-Point IntegrationPackaged CRM

Packaged ERP

Mainframe

App Server

CRM Application

ERP Application

CustomApplication

EJB Application

EAI Client Tier

CustomLogic

CustomLogic

CustomLogic

CustomAPI

CustomAPI

CustomAPI

CustomAPI

CustomAPI

CustomAPI

CustomAPI

CustomAPI

ClientApplication

ClientApplication

ClientApplication

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Bus-based Integration

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Standards-basedWhat takes for two persons with different languages to

understand each other?

Words and grammar.

What takes for two incompatible software systems towork together?

Data types and protocol or language syntax

Unless two incompatible software system agree upondata types and syntax they use, they cant work together.

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Standards: XMLXML provides a standard, platform/OS/programming

language-independent way to express data types:

An XML document or message can be understood by

different languages as long as its semantic is known. The semantic of XML can be expressed in documents such

as schemas.

Any enterprise can express its domain in XML.

That means an enterprise can create its ontologyAnd that ontology can be understood and consumed by

other enterprises.

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Standards: SOAP SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) provides

platform/OS/programming language-independent wayto carry XML documents between disparate platforms.

When an XML massage is served through SOAP, whichis on the top of the ubiquitous HTTP, that makes a webservice.

SOAP is not the only alternative to implement webservices. RESTis getting more attention!

So web services became de-facto standard ofinteroperability or EAI.

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Service Services are the most basic building block of SOA.

What makes a service?

Any application from a Fahrenheit2Celcius converter to anERP can be a service or set of services.

A service in SOA is a logical and self-contained businessfunction.

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Services and SE In terms of Software Engineering, services are the last

step in abstraction.

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SOA Service Attributes SOA services have following attributes:

Stateless

Discoverable

Self-describing Unassociated

Composable

Loosely coupled

Location and language transparentAnd mostly have following attributes:

Coarse-grained

Asynchronous

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Service As New Or Existing One

Types of Service Access and Implementation

Created

from existingfunctionality

Created as

newfunctionality

Can be achieved eitherby exposing existingfunctionality as Webservices or by usingadapters

Can be developed byusing service buscomponents, BPELprocesses, or Webservices implementedwith Java or Java EE

Invoked

throughprotocols and

methods

Services can beinvoked by usingSOAP over HTTP, JMSadapters, or WSIF.

Serviceaccess

Serviceaccess

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SOA and Reusability I Reusability is the nirvana of the computing!

Change in business is so fast that developing newapplication from scratch all the time is not a solution!

So marginal cost of each new application or featureshould be as minimal as possible through reuse.

SOA allows creating new applications built upon theexisting ones exposed as services.

In SOA reusable assets are the services that are created,configured, assembled in different applications manytimes over and over again and consumed.

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SOA and Reusability II Reuse does not come automatically with SOA!

Reuse can only be achieved by a collaborative effort of

business and IT So reuse is a mostly an organizational issue.

It takes planning, finding, classifying, prioritizing,developing, packaging, etc. services.

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Business Process Management SOA is about orchestrating the services to implements

business processes.

A business process consists of services that function as

actions, rules, decisions, etc. and provides a value whenfinished.

Managing a business service is called Business ProcessManagement (BPM).

And there are standards to create and manage businessprocesses.

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BPEL Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), short

for Web Services Business Process Execution Language(WS-BPEL) is an OASIS standard executable language

for specifying actions within business processes withweb services

Processes in BPEL export and import information byusing web service interfaces exclusively.

BPEL includes variable initialization, decision andrepetition, XML data access, human interactions, ruleevaluations, etc.

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Credit

service

SMservice

BPEL

process

Start

RDservice

End

Handle negativecredit exception

10 a.m.

3 p.m.

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Standards Behind SOA

Transport

Message

Description

Discovery

Quality ofservice

Businessprocesses

HTTP(S), IIOP, JMS, SMTP

XML

SOAP

WSDL

UDDI

WS-SecurityWS-ReliableMessaging

Orchestration: BPEL

ManagementWS-PolicyWS-Security

Service Component Architecture (SCA)

Service Data Objects (SDO) Data access

Assemblymodel

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What SOA is SOA can be thought of as:

An enterprise-level design approach

A collection of services that interact with one another

A set of services that are loosely coupled, with well-defined, reusable, platform-independent interfaces

A higher level of application development

Services provide access to data, business processes, and

IT infrastructure, ideally in an asynchronous manner. Before SOA we first develop then integrate, after

SOA we first integrate then develop.

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What SOA is not SOA is not a technology but an approach to use

technology for more efficient IT and businessarchitecture

SOA is not hardware nor software SOA is not web services,

SOA is not business process management

SAO is not an IT job

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SOA to CIO To CIO, SOA is a way to reduce the total cost of

ownership of the whole business application suit in theenterprise.

With SOA, CIO expects that the marginal cost and effortof each new application would be much lower becausethey will be created only by re-orchestrating the existingservices.

Services dont have to be developed locally, they can beprovided as a service by third parties as SAAS.

Services from outside of the company would definitelylower the costs and leading time.

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SOA to Business Executive To the business executive, SOA is a set of services that

can be exposed to their customers, partners, and otherparts of the organization.

Applications serve the business because they arecomposed of services that can be quickly modified orredeployed in new business contexts, allowing the

business to quickly respond to changing customerneeds, business opportunities, and market conditions.

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SOA to IT Architect To an IT Architect, SOA means the overall enterprise

architecture definition and the process that enables ITto develop and deploy business capability rapidly.

For architect, SOA is the architectural solution forintegrating diverse systems by providing anarchitectural style that promotes loose coupling and

reuse.

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SOA to Business Analyst To business analyst, SOA is a mechanism to unlock

small and distinct business processes out of localapplications to constitute more strategic business

processes in a larger context.

Business analyst understands the strategy of the wholebusiness and extracts new requirements or changes in

existing ones for the new services and new processes.

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SOA to Developer To the developer, SOA is a programming model or

paradigm where web services and contracts becomes adominant design for interoperability.

It is a web service when it uses a Web ServiceDescription Language (WSDL) or equivalentspecification for describing the service.

So the developer keeps either developing new services

using new requirements or extracting services from theexisting applications.

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SOA for Everything?

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SOA is not for Everything SOA may not be suitable for

Homogeneous business and IT environments,

Time-critical applications,

Too transactional, mostly CRUD operations,Algorithmic applications that change very infrequently,

When tight coupling is not an issue or something wanted,

When sharing is not an issue.

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Magic Quadrant of SOA

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SOA Pitfalls (for Trkiye) SOA is the most-awaited silver bullet.

Business-IT non-alignment.

Lack of process culture, more focus on technology.

Lack of proper understanding regarding SOA, againmore focus on technology.

Inability to restructure the companys business and ITresources around service and SOA needs.

Starting with the most complicated process withoutestablishing a reference architecture.

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