eroberogeday

¨BHvériybNëieta V”g-xat’

vt¶ÓNöaelam P~MeBj

Bùsù 2514 Kùsù 1970

esovePA \BuTìsasnadUcem¶c?| Cas~a¨BHhs¶rbs’¨BHetCKuN

¨BHmhav^riybNëieta V”g-xat’ EdlelakVnsresrkalBIq~S1970 . esovePA \BuTìsasnadUcem¶c?| VneVHBumõp§ayeday elak Dik-Kam nig Priya cMnYn500kºal nigeragBumõ vt¶P~M cMnYn500kºalEdr edImºIEckCaFmμTan CUn saFarNCn k~¬g{kasbuN´¨BHbrmsB¨BHsgôraCKN:mhanikay CYn-Nat Edl¨Tg’esayTIvgðtkalBI«f©TI25 kJïa 1969 . Vnn&yfa esovePA\BuTìsasnadUcem¶c?|enH VneVHBumõp§ayEt1000kºal b”ueNöaH eXIjfakarp§BÃp§ayVntictYcNas’ . edayxÆM¬manesovePA \BuTìsasnadUcem¶c?| mYykºalEdlcas’ Tk’ rEhkxÂH EtGacenAGanVn ehIyedayyl’eXIjfa esoePAenHmanGtÄn&y GtÄrs¨Cale¨CA nigmansar:¨beyaCn_xõg’xõs’sMrab’kUnEx μrCMnan’e¨kayk~¬gkarcg’ecHcg’dwgGMBI ¨BHBuTìsasna xÆM¬k*vayGk§rkumB´èT&reLIgvj edayrk§aPaBedImrbs’G~kniBnì edImºI EckCUnsaFarNCnExμrVnGanpg . xƬMsUmÓTæiskuslenH ¨beKn¨BHvJïNkÅnì ¨BHetCKuN¨BHvriybNëieta V”g- xat’ EdlCamÍas’esovePA nigCa¨BHsgôKMrU CaTIeKarB«nxƬM , sem¶c¨BHsgôraC KN:mhanikay CYn-Nat eCatJïaeNa, ¨BH¨KUFmμeXasacar´ esk-nag nig¨BH ¨KU eTB-pUt ehApun EdlTSg2¨BHGgðCa¨KUbe¨gonrbs’xÆM¬ Ep~k¨BHBuTìsasna . ¨BmTSgÓTæisCUn buBÃkarICnTSgLay manmatabitarbs’xƬM sUmelakG~kd*manKuN TSgLayenaH Vnse¨mck~¬g suKtiPBkMubIeX¿gXÂateLIy . «f©TI 21 ÓsPa 2009 sM-vCØa

rbs’G~kvayGk§rkumB èT&r

nema ts§ PKveta Grheta smμasmõu¬Tìs§ G~kemKit (Grands Penseurs) TSgGs’ VneFÃIkarBiesaFn_BIlTìisasna BiesaF ehIy eBalGHGagfaman \GaTieTB| (Dieu) CamehsUr \mhaeTBCakMBUl| É ¨bCabti \mÍas’sBÃstÃ| . KMnitEbbenH manenAk~¬gKmõIrlTìisasna manKmõIrevT (ÓbnibT) nigesovePACas~a«delakVÂtug (Platon) Garis¶èt (Aristote) CaedIm . enAk~¬g esovePA sSgtUm”asdakSg (Saint Thomas D’Aquin) manesckI¶Ifa \VnBiesaFeXIjfa manGaTieTBehIy| Edr . Ts§nvTU dUcelak kg’ (Kant) beJÍj¨Tws¶Ifa \CMenOEdleCOsßb’famanGaTIeTB EtgEtmanekItenAk~¬gsn¶ancit¶mnus§TUeTA| . elak eheKl (Hegel) s¶ITukfa \KMnitEdleCOfamanGaTieTBenH ekItmaneLIg k*ekItedaysarEtmanvCØaEdlCa rbs’mnus§enHeLIg| . rIelak mhat μKnìi elakcUlcit¶man¨bsasn_fa \scÍFmá CaGaTieTB| Et \GaTieTBBMuEmnCascÍFmáeT| (Truth is god and not is truth) . dUec~H lTìisasnaTSgGs’ É Bahirsasna (Religions) CaemnSGaTieFÃI[manCMenO faman \GaTieTB| ehIyGaTieTBenH minKWGÃId«TeTKW \scÍFmá| enHäg (God is truth) eBalKW GaTieTBenHCa \Pav:«nscÍFmá = st´sÃrUb| . esck¶IenH ebIniyay[gay yl’ eyIgKYrniyayfa \G~kemKitTSgGs’ VnKn’KitrkfaGIÃCaesck¶IBit = scÍFmá| rkeTAeXIjtamKMnitrbs’xÂçn ehIybJït¶namtamPasarbs’xÂçn ebICahiNëèfa eTv: \eTBta| ebICaG~kbsÍimfa Dieu |GaTieTB| ebICacinfa et±A \sPavFmá| tmk k~¬gkal Caxage¨kay namTSgenH ekItVnCabJït¶sBæ (Concept) Cab’k~¬gsn¶ancit¶ ehIy manCMenO²tehtupl (Foi, croyance) enAekIteLIg eTIb¨bkan’ykTid½i (Dogme) rbs’ xÂçn . ¨BHeysßU¨Kis¶ (Jesus Christ) sEm¶gTukfa \scÍFmámanenAk~¬gxÂçneyIg ehIyeFÃI[xÂçneyIgmanesrIPaB| . äBak´Edl¨BHeysßUeTsnaTukfa \cUres~hacMeBaH¨BHGa- TieTB[Gs’BIcit¶| enaH Vnesck¶Ifa \cUres~ha¨BHGaTieTBeday¨VCÆaCaFmásMxan’ EdlmanenAk~¬gxÂçnmnus§elak| . esck¶IBit edImeLIy KmõIròeKÃTVnbJØak’fa FmμCati KW Twk-dI-ePÂIg-x´l’ CavtĬ FatuedIm EdlCnhiNëèyl’fa j¬SgCIvtxÂçn[rs’enAVn eTIbeKnamfaCa \eTv: = eTvta| minKWGÃId«TeT . tmk k~¬gkalCaxage¨kay Gs’kalyUre¨cInstvt§r_ eTIb Bak´fa \eTv:| enHäg rIksayn&y ehIyekItVneTACa \mehsUr É ¨bCabti|(Dieu) eTAtamsPavKtiCaFm μtamnus§elak . sBëfÃenH Bak´fa \eTv:| Edl¨Kan’EtCatY buKðlaFid½an ÉCabJït¶sBæ(Concept) enH ekItCaÓbkûiels eFÃI[esAh μg cak’òsKl’ Cab’síitk~¬gsn¶ancit¶mnus§stÃTYeTA k*bbYlK~a ÉbgÅM[yl’faCa \scÍFmá| eBalKW \GaTieTB| Bit¨Vkd ehIycgCa¨Tws¶ITukfa \maneTBta| EdlTs§nvTUTYeTAe¨bIBak´

fa PaBmanGtÄiPaB (Entité) «neTBta . äBak´Edlfa \eTv:| Ca \scÍFmá| ÉCa \äksTGFÃitIym| manscÍEtmYy min manBIr (Unique) enHeTot k*Ca¨Tws¶Irbs’mnus§EdleCOfa \maneTBta| CaBak´vay esck¶I[eXIjfa \manBit| ¨besIrvess ehIyeKTukCa \scÍFmá| . scÍFmáenH ebI CamanBitEmn k*CasmμtscÍ \scÍedaysnμt| BMuEmnCaGriyscÍ \scͨbesIrBit| enaHeT . ¨BHsmõ¬TìsmNeKatm ¨Tg’BMuEmnCa \GaTieTB| (God Dieu) dUcCaman¨Tws¶I«nlTìi sasna ÉBahirsasna VnbJït¶TukmkenaHeT . ¨BHGgðCa \mnus§| mnus§rk sPavFmáBit eXIjtamBit ehIy¨Tg’VnCa \G~kyfaPUt| (Objectif) ¨Tg’eXIjtamBit fa \karekIt = Cati| enHCaTukÅ eBalKW \ebImanekIt = Cati| enHehIy FmáTSgLay EdlCabcÍ&y KWCra B´aFi mrN: k*EtgEtekItmaneLIgCaFm μta . ¨Tg’eXIjsPavFmá Bitfa \elakenHCaTukÅ| dUec~HehIy eTIb¨Tg’sÃHEsÃgrkpÂèv¨btibt¶i \bdibTa| Ca sn¶ivrbT \sn¶iPaBsÄaBr| ehAfa mCÎimabdibTa KWpÂèvkN¶al pÂèv¨tg’ CapÂèvEdl GacedaHelak KWTukÅ«nmnus§CatienH VnGs’eCIg minKYrmansnæiHsg§&yeLIy . etI¨BHsmõ¬TìenH KWGgðelakNa? ¨bmaNCa623q~S mun¨Kis¶skraC kalenaH mansk´raCmYy¨BHGgð ekIteLIg k~¬grd½enV”lEdndI¨beTs²Nëa mannam¨Vkdfa eKatm siTìtÄraCkumar . ¨BHCnμa- yu16vs§a ¨Tg’erobcMmgðlaPieskCamYy¨BHnagBimõayesaFra EdlCaxt¶iyaNI ¨BHjatid*C^t . Gs’kML¬g 13vs§a e¨kay¨VV¶Piesk ¨Tg’esayk¶IsuxCaxt¶iysuxumalCati . ¨Tg’¨bfab’enAk~¬g«pæ¨BHbrmraCvSg bribUNáedaypasuk¨Kb’¨bkar man¨VsaT3x~g sMrab’rdUvkalTSg3 mYyGenÂIeday¨sIs~M¨kmkar¨swgðar e¨cogrS ¨bKM edj dM tUr´tån¶I kMsan¶¨BHraChòT&y²tmanemaHhμgGÃIeLIy sUmºIEte¨KOg¨Tg’¨BHBås¶PUsa k*suTì swgEtekaesy´Bås¶EdnkasI ¨Tg’BMuEdlVnnwknadl’TukÅevTna k~¬gCIvPaB¨bCaCn ¨BHGgð Edlrs’enAe¨kATÃar¨BHbrmraCvSgeLIy . luHkalevlamkdl’ eTIbscÍFmá ekItmaneLIgenAk~¬g¨BHT&y¨BHGgð . ¨BHCnμayu29vs§a ¨BHsiTìtÄraCkumar es¶cecj¨bBat¨ksalkMsan¶¨BHT&y xage¨kA¨BHbrmraCvSg ¨Tg’Vn¨Cabesck¶IBit eBalKWkarTl’TukÅevTna¨Kb’¨bkarTSg Gs’ EdlelakehAfa \eTvTUt = TUteTBta| eBalKWesckW¶Bit«nsPavFmáTSgLay. eTskalenaHäg ¨BHraCbu¨t KWrahulkumar¨bsUtEfmeTot . ¨BHT&y¨BHGgðs¬trnìt’ dUc¨tUvrnæHVj’TSg¨VMbITis. FmáTSgenHehIy CaeTvTUtmkK¨mam¨BHGgð ¨Tg’snÂb’ mYysnæ¬H P©ar¨BHGgðeLIg ¨Tg’dkdegúImEvg . lan’¨BH{sxÂSg@fa \Ga±! rahUcab’Gatμa

GjehIyetI!| . Fmámanb”ueNöHCaedIm Edl¨Tg’TukCaGnæak’cg¨BHGgð e¨BaHfaFmá TSgGs’enHehIy suTìEtCaFmánS[man \karekIteTot = bunB¸eva| . eday¨Tg’yl’ cºas’fa \enHCaTukÅsklelak| eTIb¨Tg’man¨BHT&yecjsÃHEsÃgrk{sfsBÃKuN(Panacea) edImºIrk§aCm©Wsklmnus§elak . kalenaH ¨BHGgðeVHbg’raCsmºt¶iecal ²t¨seNaH kan’ykePTCatabs sn´asin ¨tac’rgðat’edIrsÃHEsÃgrkscÍFmá . ¨Tg’Vn¨V¨s&yCamYynwgtabse¨cIn nak’ EdlsuTìEtCaG~kTTYlsðal’faCa \brm¨KU| b”uEn¶BMumantabsNa sUmºIEtm~ak’ EdlmanPUmikarsik§abribUNá lμmnwgfÃayv^s§CØnaedaHGafá¨bs~a eFÃI¨BHGgð[eBj ¨BHT&yVneLIy e¨BaHtabsTSgenaH ¨Kan’Etmannamfa \Ts§nvTU\ b”ueNöaH ehIy CaG~kminmanbJïackŬ dUcmnus§xÃak’dwk«dmnus§xÃak’ lickb’Vt’enAk~¬gGvCØa dUcsuPa sitburaNExμrfa \dMrIxÃak’ ¨Tmak’qûçt| ehIyGEN¶teTAtamEx§Twk eBalKWvalEvg vd¶sg§ar . k~¬gkarEsÃgrkscÍFmá ¨Tg’saklºgrk¨Kb’vFI EdleKyl’faCapÂèvnSeTAkan’kar rYccakTukÅ (emak§Fmá) . ¨Tg’¨b¨Bwt¶¨BhμcriyFmátamEbb¨BahμN_ KW¨b¨Bwt¶eyaK: \v^FITUnμancit¶| ¨b¨Bwt¶eyaK:ehIy ¨Tg’eXIjfaBuMEmnCapÂèv¨tg’eTAkan’TIbMputTukÅ ¨Tg’ ¨b¨Bwt¶tbFmá \vFITUnμankay|eTot EdleyIg¨Kb’K~adwgfa Tukûrkiriya \kareFÃIVneday k¨m«¨kElg| . ¨BHGgð¨b¨Bwt¶tamvt¶¨btibt¶isasna¨BaN_TSgGs’ EdleKyl’fa Cav^FI¨besIrk~¬gkalenaH ¨Tg’¨b¨Bwt¶lagVbmYyEbbehIymYyEbbeTot GSgePÂIg dutkMedAVb mYyehIymYyeTot Tal’Et¨BHvrkaysðSgsðmrIgs©çtenAEtEsºkdN¶b’ qíwg emIleTAeXIjEte¨Kagqíwgcågðwg eFÃImÂwgehIy enAEtminVnse¨mctamBuTìbMNg eTot . vFI¨BhμcriyFmáEbbenHehIyBn´l’¨BHGgðfa enHBMuEmnCav^FIeT enHBMuEmn CaGPism&yrbs’¨BHGgðeT k*¨BHGgðeVHbg’ecalTSgGs’eTA ehIytSg¨BHT&yEsÃg rkedayTMenIg¨BHGgðvj ¨Tg’ecosvagpÂèvcug2¨bkar KWkarBMenOyxÂçn²tGMeBI (Gt¶kil mfanueyaK) nigkar¨cbUk¨cbl’edaykam (kamsuxlÂikanueyaK) dac’¨sLH . kar EsÃgrkscÍFmá«n¨BHGgðenH ¨bkbedayvriyPaBxÂSgkÂabMput hYskmÂSgmnus§Fmμta EdlnwgGaceFÃIVn ehIy¨tUve¨bIevla¨VMmYyvs§aeTot . TIbMput ¨Tg’eXIjfa pÂèv Edl¨Tg’¨btibt¶itamlTìi¨BahμN_enH Bn´WtevlanSmin[luHeBaFijaN ehIypÂèv Edl¨Tg’rkeXIjtamTMenIg¨BHGgðenH eFÃI[¨BHGgðPÆak’r®kekItbJïajaNVn . pÂèv fμéEdl¨Tg’rkeXIj CapÂèvkN¶al ehAfa mCÎimabdibTa CapÂève¨bIkarVn ¨tg’eTArk eBaFijaN ehIyVnCamaKaá¨tgmYyk~¬gBuTìsasnas¨mab’sklelak . ¨Bwk«f©C&ymgðlmYy naeBjbuNömIExBisax ¨Tg’¨bfab’e¨kameBaFimNël ²t manGanuPaBeTBtaNamYymkCYyENnS¨BHGgðeT manEtvériynigbJïajaNrbs’ ¨BHGgðb”ueNöaH ¨Tg’kMcat’bg’nUvkielsasv: ¨BmTSgemahnìkardac’xat ehIy¨Tg’

luHsmμasemõaFiJïaN \¨tas’dwgFmá| Vnse¨mcPaBCa \BuTì = G~k¨tas’dwg| k~¬g Cnμayu 35 vs§a enAÓruevl¨beTs (BuTìKya) EdnmKF: (rd½Bihar) . Vn¨tas’dwg FmáehIy ¨Tg’ÓTæis¨BHvrkay ¨BHvrCnμCéB mant«m²tGÃIe¨bobpæ·mVn edImºIskl elak edayBuTìcriyaCaK¨mU nigedayFmμv^n&yCadMbUnμan BMumanmnus§ ÉeTBtaäNa mYy¨besIr¨twmesμInwg¨BHGgðVneLIy . ¨BHGgð¨Tg’bMeBjkicÍkarral’Tivara¨tI ehAfa BuTìkicÍ |kicÍEdl¨BHBuTì¨tUveFÃIral’Tivara¨tI| man5eBlKW Ð 1- eBl¨Bwk ¨Tg’biNëVt; 2- eBlresol ¨Tg’¨bTanFmμeTsnae¨VsstÃ; 3- eBlBn’¨Blb’ ¨Tg’¨bTan{vaTPikŬsgô; 4- eBlG¨Fa¨t ¨Tg’vsCØnaGafá¨bs~a EdleTBtamk¨kabTUlsYr; 5- bcÍèssm&y ¨Tg’¨bemIlemIlÓbnis§&ystà Edl¨Tg’¨tUve¨Vs . KiteTA k¬~g24em”ag ¨Tg’minpæMlk’dUcmnus§FmμtaeT ¨Tg’¨b¨Bwt¶y”agenHCanicÍ- kal Gs’ry:evla45vs§a rhUtdl’niBÃan ¨Kan’Ets¨mak¨BHkaymYy¨sbk’ lat t¨mg’¨BHbid½ielIsgôadI Edl¨BHGanæetÄrEtgEt¨kalfÃay . k~¬gelakenH etIman mnus§ ÉeTBtaNa eFÃIkaredImºIsklelak minecHQb’y”agenH k~¬gmYyCIvt dUc¨BH smõ¬TìEdrÉeT ? eday¨Tg’Camnus§Cati ¨Tg’eFÃIkarxÂSgeBk ¨tUvEt¨KS¨Ka¨BHvrkay ¨tUvEteTAtamFmáGnicÍM \BMuefrenAnit´| ehIybriniBÃank~¬g¨BHCn μayu 80 ¨BHvs§a . esck¶IxÂIenH bJØak’¨Kb’¨Kan’fa \ ¨BHsmõ¬TìCamnus§ | ¨Tg’esay¨BHCatiCa mnus§ man¨BHCéBCn μCamnus§ eday¨Tg’Camnus§ man¨BHCéBCnμ ¨Tg’¨tUvEtGs’¨BH CnμdUcmnus§Fmμta . EbÂkEt¨BHGgðCaGcÏriymnus§ = mnus§GsÍar´ Edlskl-elakBMuEdlman . enHCacMNucFMbMput enAk~¬gskÅIPaBcMeBaHGgð¨BHsmõ¬Tì BMumancenÂaH ¨tg’NamYy EdlKYr[P&n¶¨cLMÉTMng[yl’fa \¨BHGgðCaGmreTBta minecHsÂab’| enaHeLIy . dUec~H BMuKYrcat’Tuk Ggð¨BHsmõ¬TìCa \GaTieTB| eT ÉnwgTukGgð¨BHsmõ¬TìCa Gvta (Incarnation) ¨BHv^sö¬ dUcG~kpgFÂab’EteCOmkenaHk*eTEdr Ék*nwgTuk¨BHGgðfaCa ¨tata \G~kCYylagVb| (Saviour) EdlCYylagVbG~kd«T[rYccakP&yedayPk¶i- maKáa (Salvation) rbs’¨BHGgð k*BuMEmneTot . esck¶IBit ¨BHsmõ¬TìCasas¶acar´ bN¶¬H kmÂSgcit¶savk¨BHGgð[ecHTIBwgxÂçnäg edImºIrYccakxÂçnäg beJÍH[yl’Bitfa k¶Ibri- suTìi nigminbrisuTìi e¨scehIyEtbuKðlm~ak’@eT . k~¬gFmμbT ¨BHsmõ¬Tì¨Tg’¨tas’ TUnμanfa \G~kTSgLay¨tUveFÃIkar[Vnse¨mcedayxÂçnäg tfaKt¨Kan’EtCaG~k¨Vb’ pÂèv = tuemúhi kicÍmatbºM GkÅataera tfaKta| . dUec~H ¨BHsmõ¬TìCaG~kcgí¬l¨Vb’pÂèv be¨gon[ecHedIrxÂçnäg Tuk[eyIg¨Kb’K~aeFÃIxÂçnäg eBalKW¨btibt¶itammaKáad*¨tg’enaH edImºIVnk¶IbrisuTìixÂçnäg . niyayxÂI \TIBwgG~kd«T edImºIrYccakP&yxÂçnäg CaGvCØman

(Negative) BMuEmnCavFIeT, TIBwgxÂçnägedImºIrYccakP&yxÂçnäg eTIbCavCØman (Positive)

eTIbCavFI| eBalKWTIBwgG~kd«T Vnesck¶Ifa \eyIg¨BmTTYlcaj’vériyPaBbuKðld«T| Bit¨Vkd²tCECkVneLIy. BuTìvcn:EdlbN¶¬HkmÂSgcit¶savkTSgLay[ecHTIBwg xÂçnäg ¨BHsmõ¬Tì¨Tg’¨tas’TukenAk~¬gmhabriniBÃansU¨tfa Ð \PikŬTSgLay! G~kTSg Lay cUrykxÂçnCaekaHBwgxÂçnäg, cUrykxÂçnCaTIBwg cUrkMuykG~kd«TmkeFÃICaTIBwgxÂçn eLIy = PikÅev Gt¶TIV vihrf Gt¶srN GnJïsrN | . edayv^ess ¨BHsmõ¬Tì minmanBuTìbMNgnwgkan’kab’kicÍkarEbbCa äkaFibety´ (Monopoly) [se¨mcBuTìPaBdac’muxEtmYy¨BHGgðeT esck¶IBit BuTìPaBenH BMuEmnCa buBÃsiTìi (Prerogative) s¨mab’buKðlvessNamYyeT ¨Tg’VneLIgzan:xõg’xõs’¨besIr y”agenH edayVrmIFmá (State of Perfection) EdlbuKðlNamYy¨Vf~acg’Vn k*Gac se¨mcdUcK~aEdr BMuEmnCakarbiTTÃar«nsas¶acar´NamYyfa ebInwgVn luH¨taEtVn TTYleTv{gûar ehIyeTIbse¨mcVnenaHeT . BuTìvcn:Edlman¨Vkdk~¬g¨BH«¨tbidk s¶ITukfa CnNam~ak’ k*GacluHPaBCa¨BHBuTìVndUc@K~a [EtG~kenaH ¨btibt¶i¨twm¨tUv eTAtamKnÂgVrmIFmá EdlCamaKaáedIr¨tg’eTAkan’ eBaFiJïaN . ¨BHsmõ¬Tì BMuecHdak’ eTasbuKðlNam~ak’ edayBuTìdIkafa \G~k¨tUvmaneTas| dUec~HeT pæ¬yeTAvj ¨Tg’Etg Et¨BHemt¶ae¨VseTsnaTUnμanedayBuTìdIkafa Ð \PikŬTSgLay! cit¶CaFm μCatibrisuTì pUrpg’BIkMeNIt Etcit¶enH kalNaebImanÓbkûielsf μécUleTA eTIbesAhμg = bPs§rbiTM PikÅev cit¶M tJÍ exa cit¶M GaPn¶¬ekhi Óbkûieleshi Óbkûilid½M | . tamBuTìvcn:enH BiPBelakeyIgenH BMuEmnCaGa¨kk’eT b”uEn¶stÃTSgLay EtgEt vegÃgedayGMNacGvCØa EdlCaFmáswks¨tUvFMbMputrbs’stÃTSgLay . ¨Tg’EtgEt manemt¶ae¨Vs¨bTan{vaT dl’savk¨BHGgð kMu[mancit¶rYjra eFÃIsavk¨BHGgð [dk degúIm¨sYl [rIkray [Gachßan [kÂahan [Tukcit¶xÂçnäg ehIy[e¨bIvériyPaBxÂçn äg[muHmut edImºIVneXIjFmádUc¨BHGgð . BiesseTAeTot eday¨BHGgðmanPaBCamnus§ ehIye¨bIvériyPaBxÂSgkÂa[Vn se¨mcPaBCa \BuTì| ¨Tg’¨bkas¨Vb’elakTSgmUl[yl’cºas’tamBitfa \mnus§ elakmanPaBGacVn| (Possibilities) nig \GanuPaBGaceFÃI[se¨mcVn| (Creative

Power) kb’enAk~¬gxÂçnmnus§ . FmáCaGafákMVMgTSgenHehIy TukCaGaTieTBmanGMNac elImnus§ luH¨taEtGaTieTBenH¨bTan eTIbmnus§elaKGacse¨mc¨beyaCn_xÂçnäg Vn . ¨BHsmõ¬Tì ¨Tg’cab’elIkykFmáGafákMVMgKW \PaBGacVn| nig \GanuPaBGaceFÃI GÃI[se¨mcVn\ TSgBIr¨bkarenH TukCaFmámant«m¨besIrbMputmkbgúaj mk¨bTan dl’mnus§elak ¨BmTSgeTvelak [eXIjcºas’ [yl’¨beyaCn_Bit . esck¶IBit mnus§elak CaEkvmNIeCatixÂçnägd*vess s¨mab’bk’eVyyk¨beyaCn_¨Kb’y”ag enAnaelakenHnigbrelak . vasnaxÂçn ztenAkb’k~¬gxÂçnmnus§ z^tenAk~¬gkN¶ab’«d

mnus§ . ¨Tg’eTsnaBn´l’fa \mnus§GacTTYlniy´anikFmáedayvériyPaBxÂçnäg minVc’BwgBak’GaTieTB ÉG~kGaCÆakN¶alNamYyeT\ . Gat μ&n = ¨BlwgkN¶al (Egocentric) «nBiPBelakenH minKwGÃId«TeT KWÓt¶mKtid*¨besIrEdls¶Ifa << minman xÂçnäg = Gnt¶a >> enHäg . minmanvNö: cat’f~ak’mnus§elak[Tabxõs’BIkMeNIteT mnus§CatimanPaBesμIK~a mankalKYr¨tUvVnse¨mcdUcK~a enAk~¬gdMeNIr«nCIvtmnus§ ¨Kb’K~a . ¨BHsmõ¬TìCaG~kebIkTÃar[mnus§elakVnse¨mcpl cMrugcMerIn fÃétºitEtmankar ekIt = CatienH CakMEBgrarSg . ¨Tg’ebIkesrIPaBeBjbribUNá¨bTandl’stÃelak k~¬gkarKit kareFÃI karniyay bMebIkEP~kstÃelak [emIleXIjGÃI@ eXIjBittamBit CayfaPUtTs§njaN (Objectism) ¨Tg’sEm¶gFmáe¨VsstÃEdlmankar¨Bat’¨Vs [mancit¶rwgbwug [mancit¶ek§mk§an¶edayBuTìPasitKYr[mank¶Ikk’ek¶A . ¨Tg’Ca¨KU eBT´B´aVleraKcit¶ EdleKrk§aVneday¨k G~kmanCm©W[ecHbn§at’bg’ [dkdegúIm ¨sYlFUr¨TUg . ¨Tg’CYyG~k¨kI¨keday¨BHt¨mas’[ecHGbºmaTFmá \Fmámin¨bmaT| . ¨Tg’TUnμanG~keFÃIGMeBIGa¨kk’ [ecHeFÃIGMeBIlí [ecHeFÃIxÂçn[brisuTì . ¨Tg’eTsnae¨Vs G~k¨cGUs[mank¶IkÂahan, G~kbMEbkbMVk’K~a[mansamKðI, G~kl©g’exÂA[ecHdwgGÃIEdl manGafákMVMg[manBnÂW, G~kTabefak[xõg’xõs’, G~kmin¨besIr[Vn¨besIr . G~kman nigG~k¨k sbº¬rs Gsbº¬rs eBjcit¶¨BHGgð¨Kb’@K~a . ¨BHraCasgût’sgûinra¨s¶, ¨BHraCaTsBiFraCFmá, k§¨txõg’xõs’, k§¨tTabefak, vrCn, mhaesd½Icit¶sbº¬rs,mha esd½IkMNaj’, G~k¨VCÆCan’xõs’, G~k¨VCÆCan’Tab, G~kTurKtetaky”ak, G~keVsf~l’ Edl¨tUveKebotebon, eBCÎXat, nKresaPinI TSgGs’K~aenH suTìEt¨tUvVnTTYl sðal’BuTìvcn: EdlCaFmánS[ekItbJïa nignS[ekIt¨Bh μvharFmá . criyad*¨besIrrbs’¨BHBuTì Ca¨bPBd*vesss¨mab’mnus§¨Kb’K~a bk’eVyyk mkeFÃICat¨mab’xÂçn eFÃIKMrUKti¨bcSCIvtxÂçnVn . emt¶aKuN kruNaKuN bJïaKuN rbs’ ¨BHsmõ¬Tì KYrCaTI¨CHfÂa KYrCaTIeKarBbUCa KYrCaTIeBcBilrmilemIl«nBYkCnG~kman sTìaTSgLay . BuTìvcn: Ca¨bPBnS[ekItsn¶iPaB CaFmásn¶ivrbT KYrVnTTYlsÃa- Kmn_BImCÎd½anTUeTA edayk¶IrIkray«¨kElg ehIyCaFmá[plCanicÍnirn¶ dl’CnTSg LayEdlmanvasnaVns¶ab’ Vn¨btibt¶itamFmá¨BHGgð. FmáEdl¨BHGgðVnsEm¶g ehIyeday¨b«BenH Vnp§BÃp§ayTUeTAeBjsklelak ehIydk’Cab’enAk~¬gsn¶an cit¶ ekItVnCaFmμcriya ÉCaGriyFmá«n¨bCaCnk~¬gsklelak . kareCOnelOnxag vbºFmá«n¨beTskan’BuTìsasna suTìEtVnmkedayGa¨s&yBuTìvcn:d*¨besIrenH äg . BuTìsasnaenH sUmºIekItmaneLIgk~¬gelak Gs’¨bmaNCa 2513 q~SehIy Et buKðliklkÅN:Ggð¨BHsmõ¬Tì nig¨BHFmá¨BHGgð enAEtman²TìiBld*xÂSgkÂaeTAelIBYkCn EdlVnTTYle¨kbpwkrs¨BHFmá«fÂvessenHdrab .

* * *

BuTìsasna CalTìisasna = Religion (Bahirsasna?)

BuTìsasna nwgehAfalTìisasna ÉBahirsasna (Religion) tamGtÄn&y«nBak´ dUcG~kpgFÂab’yl’mkenaHk*eT e¨BaHBuTìsasnaminEmnCa¨bB&nì (Systeme) «nCMenO²t ehtupl (Croyance) nigkarbUCa (Culte) enaHeLIy . BuTìsasnamin¨Bm¨bedABuTìsasnikCn[manCMenO²tehtuplTal’EtesaH . CMenO²tehtuplenH BMumanenAk~¬gBuTìsasnaeLIy . BuTìsasnikCn e¨bICMenOEdr Et CaCMenOmYyEbbKW CMenOehtupl CMenOCaTITukcit¶ (Confidence) ehIyman¨VCÆa¨bkb pg EdlenAk~¬gPasaVlI elakehAfa sTìa \CMenOehtupl¨bkbedaybJïa| . CMenO²tehtuplKWCMenOeCOGaTieTBfa \GaTieTBTTYlVbxÂçn [xÂçnbrisuTì ehIy nS[eTAekItzansYKá| . CMenOEbbenH BMuEmnCa \sTìa| dUck~¬gBuTìsasnaeT . CMenO \sTìa| EdlBuTìsasna¨bedA[e¨bI cMeBaHGgð¨BHsmõ¬Tì ¨BHFmá ¨BHsgô manlkÅN: ¨CHfÂacMeBaHKuNFmá ehIymanlkÅN:hßanBuHBaredIreTAtam KWmanTMngdUcG~kQW eCOTukcit¶elak¨KUeBT´faGacCYyrk§aCm©WxÂçn[CasHesºIyVn ehIyhßankan’tam Bak´TUnμanelak¨KUeBT´ ÉdUcCasis§eCOelak¨KUfa¨KUVGacar´rbs’xÂçn CaG~kbe¨gon xÂçn[ecHcMeNHv^CØaVn ehIyhßan¨btibt¶itam{vaTrbs’¨KU edayyl’cºas’fa ¨KU be¨gonxÂçn[ecHrs’xÂçnäg [ecHedIrxÂçnäg . BuTìsasnikCn ykGgð¨BHsmõ¬TìCasrN: \TIBwg| rbs’xÂçn edaye¨bI¨VCÆaBi- carNa tamehtuplsBèKb’ eXIjBitfa \¨BHGgðVneXIjFmá| ehIy¨Tg’eTsna TUnμanxÂçn[¨btibt¶itambdibTaEdl¨Tg’rkeXIj edImºI[VnluHTIbMputTukÅ \emak§Fmá| É \niBÃan| dUc¨BHGgð . BuTìsasnikCn min¨Bmyk¨BHBuTìCaTIBwgedayk¶Isgôwmfa |¨BHBuTìnwg¨sg’xÂçn (Salvate) KWTTYlVbBIxÂçn [xÂçnbrisuTìehIynSeTAekItzansYKá| dUceK¨sg’mnus§lg’TwkdUec~aHeT . BuTìsasnikCneCOCak’fa \FmáGgð¨BHsmõ¬TìBuMEmn Cak¶I¨sg’|(Salvation)enaHeT e¨BaH¨BHBuTìBMuEmnCa\G~k¨sg’|(Saviour) ¨BHBuTìBMuEdlFana ra”b’rgfanwglagVbstÃeT ehIy¨BHBuTìBMumanGanuPaBnwglagC¨mHVbG~kd«TVn eTotpg . esckI¶Bit minmanG~kNad«T GaceFÃIxÂçn[brisuTì e¨kABIxÂçnägVneLIy . kar BwgeK[CYyEbbenH BMuEmnCavFIeTk~¬gelakenH . xÂçnägCYyxÂçnäg eTIbCav^FI . ¨BH smõ¬TìCasas¶acar´ CaG~kTUnμanstà ¨Kan’EtCaG~kbe¨gon ¨Vb’pÂèv stÃTSgLay¨tUv edIrxÂçnäg TTYlxus¨tUvedayxÂçnäg BuTìsasnikCn eTaHeyabIyk¨BHBuTìCaTIBwg k* BMuEmnbeN¶ayxÂçn[ecHEteCOtam²tebIKitenaHeT . BuTìsasnikCn min¨BmeVH bg’esrIPaBxÂçn k~¬gkarKitBicarNa rkehtupl ehIyecHEteCO¨btibt¶iGgð¨BHsmõ¬Tì

enaHeT . BuTìsasnikCn mansiTìiesrIPaBcºSgk~¬gxÂçneBjbribUNá . BuTìsasnikCn mansiTìiedIrxÂçnägeBjTI ¨bwgE¨bgbMeBjVrmIFmá[cas’kÂaTMuedayxÂçnäg edImºI[xÂçn ägluHPaB \BuTì| eBjTIdUc¨BHGgðsmõ¬TìEdr . ¨BHsmõ¬TìCabrmsas¶acar´d*elIsk~¬g kar¨bTanesrIPaBdl’stÃTSgLay¨Tg’eTsnaTUn μanbe¨gonstÃTSgLay[ecHedIr edayxÂçnäg BMumansas¶acar´Nae¨bobpæwm[¨twmesμInwg¨BHGgðVneLIy . Fmμv^n&y ¨BHGgðminEmnCaGacriymud½i \kN¶ab’«nGacar´| (kN¶ab’«d«nGaTieTB) minEmnCaTid½i (Dogma) BMuEmnCavaT (Doctrine) minEmnCaGn¶rvaT (Doctrine ésotérique) minEmnCaBahir- vaT (Doctrine exotérique) eT = eTsieta Gannæ mya Fem μa Gnn¶rM GBahirM . k~¬gBuTìsasna G~kEdleTIbnwgcUlCaBuTìsasnikCn ¨tUve¨bIvcarNJïaN É ¨tUvmankaryl’¨twm¨tUv ehAtamBuTìsasnafasmμaTid½i \yl’eXIj¨twm¨tUv) (Vue cor-

recte) . edImºInwgVnyl’BittamKnÂgFmá ¨BHsmõ¬Tì¨tas’eTsna (kalamsU¨t) Tukfa 1- Gnus§va kMu¨bkan’eCOGÃIEdl¾t@K~a minmanehtupl 2- brmºra kMu¨bkan’eCOGÃI EdleKeFÃIt@K~aminmanedImcug 3- ²tikir kMu¨bkan’eCOGÃI edayGagfaVn¾eKniyaymkdUec~H 4- bidksmºTa kMu¨bkan’eCOGÃI emIleTAeXIjsmtamKmõIrxÂçn 5- tkûehtu kMu¨bkan’eCOGÃI edayGagehtusμanyk (Gnuman) 6- nyehtu kMu¨bkan’eCOGÃI edayGagkareK~rK~an’ Ékat’t¨mUv 7- Gakarbrivitkû kMu¨bkan’eCOGÃI edayGagkar¨tiHriHemIltamGakar 8- Tid½iniCÎankÅn¶I kMu¨bkan’eCOGÃI edayGagfaxÂçneBjcit¶ 9- PBÃrUbta kMu¨bkan’eCOGÃI faG~kenHCaG~k¨VCÆ KYreCOtam 10- smeNa ena tru kMu¨bkan’eCOfa \smN:enHCa¨KUeyIg| . ¨BHsmõ¬Tì ¨Tg’¨bedAeTotfa GIÃEdlCakusl GÃIEdl¨besIr EdlG~kVneXIj BitxÂçnäg cUr¨b¨Bwt¶tamcuH, GÃIEdlCaGkusl GÃIEdlmin¨besIr EdlG~kVneXIjBit xÂçnäg cUrkMu¨b¨Bwt¶eLIy . k~¬glTìisasnad«T (Religion) manBak´e¨bon¨bedA¨Vkd dUec~HVnÉeT? Bak´e¨bon¨bedAenH ¨BHsmõ¬Tì¨Tg’eTsnaTukyUryarNas’ehIy ehIyftenAtamsMeNAedImdEdl eXIjhak’enAfμé@ . cUrBicarNaemIlcuH! BuTìvcn: enH bJØak’cºas’fa \BuTìsasnamin¨Bme¨bICMenO²tehtupl| enHeT . buKðlm~ak’@ mansiTìie¨bIesrIPaBrbs’xÂçnk~¬gkarKit karniyay kareFÃI . KYrkt’cMNSTukcuHfa \BuTì sasnaCasasna¨bKl’esrIPaB| . ¨BHBuTìCaG~k¨bTanesrIPaB BMuEmnCaGacriymud½i \kN¶ab’«d«nGacar´| eT . esck¶IxagelIenH man¨bs~aecaTsYrfa \cuHehtuem¶c VnCaBuTìsasnikCneKa- rB¨BHBuTìbdima? | BuTìsasnikCneKarBnms§kar¨BHBuTìbdima BMuEmnsMuk¶IGnue¨KaH(faveur)BIGaTIeTB

eT KWeKarBGÃIEdlCatMNag¨BHsmõ¬Tì . k~¬gBuTìsasna BMumansU¨ts¶¬ti (Priére) bn’ ¨sn’GaTIeTBeT . karbUCae¨KOgskûar: dUcCaeTon FUb cMeBaH¨BHBuTìbdima CakarbUCa KuN emt¶a kruNa bJïarbs’buKðl¨besIrEdlVneFÃI¨beyaCn_edImºIsklelak eFÃI hak’dUckal¨Tg’Kg’FrmanenAeLIy ehIyykGgð¨BHsmõ¬TìCaK¨mU CaKti¨bcScit¶ ¨btibt¶itamFmμvn&y¨BHGgð tamcriya¨BHGgð edImºIeFÃIxÂçn[VneXIjFmádUc¨BHGgð . edayKarvkicÍ edayktJï¬taFmá BuTìsasnikCn ¨tUvEtbMeBjkicÍTSgenaHedImºIbU- CaKuN . ¨BHsmõ¬TìminmanBuTìbMNgFMcMeBaHe¨KOgskûar:bUCaenHeT BuTìbMNgEdl sMxan’bMputenaH KWkar¨btibti¶tamFmávn&y [Vn¨twm¨tUvtamKnÂgFmá EdlCavFInSsBà stÃ[rYccakTukŨKb’¨bkar . k~¬gmhabribiBÃansU¨t ¨Tg’¨tas’fa \PikŬTSgLay! bUCa man2¨bkar KW GamisbUCa nigbdibt¶ibUCa .| 1- GamisbUCa bUCae¨KOgskûar: eTon FUb PÆIpûa karbUCaTSgenH minEmnCakar sMxan’GÃIeBkeT EtBuTìsasnikCn eBjcit¶eFÃI . 2- bdibt¶ibUCa bUCaKWkar¨btibt¶i¨twm¨tUvtamFmávn&y¨BHGgð . bUCaBIr¨bkarenH bdibt¶ibUCa KWkar¨btibt¶i¨twm¨tUvtamFmμvn&y CakarbUCa¨besIr elIs . ¨Tg’¨tas’fa G~kNabUCa¨BHGgðedaybdibt¶ibUCa KW¨btibt¶i¨twm¨tUvtamFmá G~kenaHeQμaHfa eKarB-rab’Gan-bUCatfaKt-edaykarbUCaeday¨besIrelIs . k~¬gTI d«TeTot ¨Tg’¨tas’cMeBaHvkûliPikŬ fa: \G~kNaeXIjFmá G~kenaHeQμaHfaeXIj tfaKt| . esck¶IBit BuTìsasnaBMumanvFIs¶¬tieT vFIbn’¨sn’GgÃrkr k*BMumanEdr e¨BaHvFIs¶¬ti bn’¨sn’ GgÃrkr TSgGs’enH BMuEmnCaniy´anikFmá \Fmáe¨sac¨sg’| eT . ¨BHsmõ¬Tì e¨VsstÃEdlsU¨ts¶¬tibn’¨sn’ÉGgÃrkr¨BHGgðBMuekIteT . Fmá¨BHGgð CaFmáe¨sac- ¨sg’xÂçnäg (niy´anikFmá) E¨bfa \esck¶IbrisuTìi¨tUveFÃIedayxÂçnäg| . ¨BHsmõ¬Tì eXIjfa \sU¨ts¶¬tifÃay¨BHGgð Cakar²t¨beyaCn_| ehIy¨Tg’BMuyl’eXIj¨twmEt b”uNöwgeT ¨Tg’eXIjeTotfa \karsU¨ts¶¬ti sMuk¶IGnue¨KaHenH CakarbnæabbenÄakxÂçn ehIyeFÃIxÂçn[manKMnitefakeTotpg| . BuTìsasnikCn BMuKYrsU¨ts¶¬ti edImºIe¨sac- ¨sg’xÂçneT ¨tUvTukcit¶xÂçnäg eFÃIxÂçnäg edImºIesrIPaBxÂçnäg . BuTìsasna BMumanGaTieTB BMumanCMenOcMeBaHBlanuPaBBiPBelak Edls¶Ifaman \karecHdwgsBà ÉseBáCÆ| (Omniscience) manenAsBÃkEnÂg ÉsareBIzan (Omnipresence)

BMumanTid½i (Dogma) Edl¨tUv¨bkan’eCO, BMumanlTìi (Creed) Edl¨tUvTTYlCMenO (Foi) BMu man¨BahμN_eFÃICaGaCÆakN¶al rvagmnus§nigGaTieTB, BMumanBiFI rIt_Biess (Rite), BMu manBIFIsMsûar(1) eFÃI[ekItVnCaBuTìsasnikCn, BMumanmuån¶: (bTsU¨ts¶¬ti) ÉyCÆBiFI, ------------------- (1) BiFI¨bsiTìI[VnCa¨Bah μN_ .

BMumankar¨b¨Bwt¶¨Bhμcriy KWtbFmá edImºIe¨sac¨sg’xÂçneT . dUec~H BuTìsasna G~kpgBMuKbºIehAfa Religion (lTìisasna) eBj¨TBgman’ esaH e¨BaHBuTìsasnaBuMEmnCa¨bB&nì (Système) «nCMenO²tehtupl (Foi) nigkarbUCa (Culte) eT ÉnwgfaCa \GMeBIEdldwknSmnus§[TTYlsðal’GaTieTB ÉGaTieTB¨tUvman GanuPaBelIvasnaxÂçnCamnus§ ehIymnus§¨tUvEteKarBbUCa sU¨ts¶¬ti CakicÍtbs~g sgKuNvj| dUec~Hk*eTEdr . ebInwgehABuTìsasnafa Religion \liTìisasna| edaymanGtÄn&yfa \CaBuTìvcn: Edls¶IBICIv^t cUleTAdl’k~¬gCIvt tamyfaPUtTs§njaN BMuEmnKitesI@ EtsMbk e¨kAenaHeT CaBuTìvcn:s¶IBIdMbUnμan p¶l’[mnus§ecH¨btibt¶i ecHedIrxÂçnäg edaytam KnÂgdMbUnμanlíit suxum ¨twm¨tUv v^ess, CaBuTìvcn:s¶IBIdMbUnμan be¨gonmnus§[mank¶I manHtsßUykQ~HxÂçnäg ecHrs’k~¬gCévteday¨by&t~ ecHtsßUcMeBaHesck¶IsÂab’ min rYjra minf©èr minjejIt edayxn¶IFmá, CaBuTìvcn:TukCaGaKmsk¶isiTì es¶aHbN¶¬H bN¶alk¶I¨besIr k¶Ilí k¶IrIkray [ekItdl’xÂçnäg nigdl’Cnd«TTUeTA | . ebIBuTì-sasna CalTìisasna manGtÄn&ydUceBalmkxagelIenHEmn nu±HlTìisasnaenH äg ¨VkdCa¨besIrelIs elIlTìisasnaTSgLay (A religion of religions) .

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Ü Ü

¨BHFmáEdl¨BHsmõ¬TìsEm¶ge¨Vsstà CaTs§nviCØaÉGÃI?

¨BHFmá ÉehAfa \Fm μ| Edl¨BHsmõ¬TìsEm¶gehIyenHÉ EdlG~kbsÍimehAfa \Ts§nvCØa| (Philosophie) ? k~¬gGtItkal man¨BHsmõ¬Tìe¨cIn¨BHGgð EdlniBÃanknÂg rMlgeTAyUrGEgÃgNas’ehIy Et¨BHFmá«fÂv^essEdl¨Tg’VnsEm¶gTukehIyedImºI e¨VsstÃelakenH z^tefrenAbrisuTìtamrUbedImdEdl ehtuenHehIyVnCa¨BHFmá enHehAfa bktiFmá \Fmá¨b¨ktI| . ¨BHFmáenH kal¨BHGgðKg’FrmanenAeLIy minmancarwkCaGk§reT . e¨kayBuTì briniBÃan ¨BHGriysavkTSgLaye¨cInGgð VneFÃIsgðayna(1) (pæ¿gpæat’) BuTìvcn:TSg ------------------------------------------------------- (1) emIlesovePA \¨BH«¨tbidkCaPasaExμr| enABuTìsasnbNëit´

Gs’ cSrt’mat’sæat’ (muxVz) Vnrk§a¨BHFmáCaBuTìvcn:t@K~aBICMnan’mYyeTACMnan’mYy eTot TukrhUtdl’bcͬbºn~kalenH . BuTìsasnaknÂgeTA¨bmaNCa500q~S ¨BHsgô savkcarwkBuTìvcn:CalaylkÅN_Gk§renAekaHlgûa . ¨BHsmõ¬TìsEm¶gTukfa Fmá¨BH GgðenHehAfa Fmμv^n&y KWFmá1 v^n&y1 tmkelakEckFmáCaBIr¨bkar KWFmáEdlman Gafárak’ ehAfa \¨BHsU¨t| FmáEdlmanGafá¨Cale¨CA ehAfa \¨BHGPiFmμ| ekIt VneTACa3Ep~kKW ¨BHv^n&ybidk (man13esovePA) sut¶n¶bidk (man63esovePA) GPiFmμbidk (man34esovePA) rYmehAfa tibidk É «¨tbidk Ék* XÂSgbI (Trible

corbeille) .

1- vin&ybidk \XÂSgvn&y| Cacºab’¨kit´¨km Edl¨BHsmõ¬TìsEm¶gbJït¶ GnuJïat Tuks¨mab’CapÂèv¨btibt¶iBuTìbris&T KWPikŬ PikŬnI ÓVsk ÓVsika . v^n&yenH EckCaBIr¨bkareTAeTotKW Ð k/ GaKarv^n&y \vn&yG~kmanpæH| vn&ys¨mab’¨KhsÄ ÓVsk ÓVsika ¨btibt¶i . x/ GnaKarv^n&y \vn&yG~kminmanpæH| Vndl’G~kbYs KWPikŬ PikŬnI ¨btibt¶i .

2- sut¶n¶bidk É ¨BHsU¨t Vndl’FmáEdl¨BHsmõ¬TìsEm¶gk~¬gsm&y ep§g@ kalEdl¨Tg’Kg’FrmanenAeLIy. k~¬g¨BHsU¨tenH ¨BHsarIbu¨t ¨BHemaKðlÂan ¨BHGannæ ɨBHsavkd«TeTotsEm¶g k*manEdr .

3-GPiFm μbidk É ¨BHGPiFmμ s¶IBIFmálíitsuxum¨Cale¨CA Vndl’ Ts§nv^CØa manGafáKm¸IrPaBrbs’¨BHsmõ¬Tì CaGtÄbTpæ¬yBIst¶n¶bidkEdlman esck¶Irak’@ KWsut¶n¶bidkCaevahareTsna (Conventional teaching), äGPiFmμbidk Ca brmtÄeTsna (Ultimate teaching) . k~¬gKmõIrGPiFmμ ¨BHsmõ¬TìsEm¶gBIFmálíitsuxumKWs¶I BIcit¶ (Consciousness) ectsik (Mental concomitants), rUb (Matter) nigniBÃan . enAk~¬g GPiFmμenHehIyEdl¨BHsmõ¬TìsEm¶gTukfa sBÃstÃTSgLay¨Kan’EtCabuKðl \buKðl bJït¶i = ¨Kan’EtCabJït¶ifaCabuKðl| nwgCastà k*BMuEmn nwgfamanCIvtk*BMuEmn CaFmá sUn´ = nis§et¶a niCØIeva sueJïa edaykarEvkEjky”aglíitbMput ¨taEtEjkeTAeTot BMuVn ¨BmTSgEckFmáTSgenHedaybriyayCaGenk¨bkary”agm”t’ct’bMputeTot . mYyeTot GPiFmμenH s¶IBIscÍFmá (Truth) nigPUtFmá (Fact) mins¶IBI¨Tws¶I É Ts§nvCØa EdleKTukdUcCascÍFmámank¶I¨Cale¨CA VnEteBlenH ehIydl’«f©Esík eKbdiesFecaleTAvj edayeXIjminBitdUec~HeT . ¨BHsmõ¬TìsEm¶gFmá¨bedAstà TSgLay CaFmá¨b¨ktI BMuEmnCaFmánS[eKP&yxÂacenaHeT BMuEmnCa¨Tws¶ITs§nvCØaEbb fμée¨kAcakFmáenaHeT ÉnwgfaCaFmáEdl¨Tg’hßanbegûItCaEbbvT´asaås¶sm¸arniymfμé

enaHk*eTEdr . ¨Tg’EtgsEm¶gFmáe¨Vse¨bon¨bedAedayBn´l’fa \FmáenHCamaKáa KYr¨btibt¶i FmáenHBMuKYr¨btibt¶i| EdlsuTìEtCaFmánSstÃ[rYccakTukÅ ehIyTIbMput ¨Tg’cgí¬l¨Vb’pÂèveTAkan’emakÅFmá CapÂèvEtmYyKt’ ( = äkayenamet¶a) . ebIBinit´emIl [sBèKb’eTA Fmá¨BHGgðCaFmá dUcCaebIkbgúajpÂèvG~kv^T´asaås¶ Ts§nvTUe¨cInnak’ [edIrtam¨kEs¨BHtMriH¨BHGgðeTotpg . esck¶IenH elak sUeb”nehA (Schopenhauer)

sresrfa \ esck¶ITukÅCascÍFmá ehIyKMnitenH VnCamaKáaedIr«nTs§v^TU bsÍimsBëf©enHeTotpg| . elak sõIenasßa(Spinoza) k*eBalbdiesFecal¨Tws¶I TSgLayd«TEdr edayelakeBalfa \ sPavFmáEdlelakfa << efrenAnit´ enH >> minman¨VkdkarniymeT | elakbJØak’eTotfa \sPavFmáTSgGs’ Edlfa <<efrenAnit´>> suTìEtmankarE¨b¨bYlFmμta | . cMeBaHmtielak enH elakyl’fa <<TukÅenH mnus§GacykQ~HVn edayrkeXIjFmáKWv^CØa EdlBuMEmnCaFmáekItmanmYy¨sbk’ nigBMuEmnCaFmáekItmanmYyEPÂt Et CaFmá²tEkE¨bVn efrenAnit´ efrcIrkal>> . elak ebIrekÂy (Berkley) yl’ cºas’fa \GÃIEdlCabrmaNUEjkBMuVnenH eK¨bDitTukEtxagbrmtÄv^CØaeT ¨Kan’EtCa Elºgelg | . ehIyelak hUm (Hume) e¨kayEdlelakEvkEjkBIerOgcit¶ (Mind)

mkkalyUr elakeBalsrubesck¶Ifa \vJïaNKWFmμCatiEdlhUreTA«ncit¶| . äelak Ebrsug (Bergson) Bn´l’¨Vb’fa \enHKWcºab’«nkarE¨b¨bYl| . cMENk elaksaås¶car´ ECm (James) nSeyIg[yl’fa \enHKW¨kEscit¶| . FmáEdlG~k¨VCÆTSgLayCYjcit¶¨tiHriHKit TSgGs’enH ¨BHsmõ¬Tì Vn¨tas’ eTsnae¨VsstèbmaNCa 2557 rYcmkehIy enAtamdgmhanTIKgða«n¨beTs ²Nëa KW¨Tg’eTsna¨Vb’fa enHKWGnicÍtaFmá \FmáE¨b¨bYlekItmanEtmYy ¨sbk’ (ÓbºaTFmá = Transieney), enHKWTukÅ \FmáEdl¨TS¨TVnedaylMVk Nas’ (sarrow) | enHKWGnt¶a \FmáEdlminEmnCarbs’xÂçnäg (No soul) | ehAfa¨BH «¨tlkÅN_ ÉsamJïlkÅN: \lkÅN:FmáEdlCacºab’eTogTat’bI¨bkar| É |lkÅN: FmμtaTSgLay EdlEtgekItmaneLIgCa¨b¨ktI| . mYyeTot G~ksik§aBuTìvcn: KbºI yl’fa ¨BHsmõ¬Tì¨Tg’eTsnaFmáe¨VsstÃTSgLay ¨Tg’BMuVneTsnaFmáTSgGs’ Edl¨Tg’¨tas’dwgenaHeT ¨Tg’eTsnacMeBaHEtFmáNaEdldwknSstÃeTAkan’TIbMputTukÅ KWGmtmhaniBÃan . esck¶IenH man¨VkdenAk~¬gKmõIrsMyut¶nikay mhavarvKðfa Ð «f©mYy ¨BHsmõ¬Tì ¨Tg’¨bfab’enAk~¬gsIsVv&n Ct¨kugekasmõi eBlenaH¨Tg’ eQag¨BHhs¶eTAcab’sÂwkeQImYyk¶ab’mk ehIy¨Tg’elIkeLIg rYc¨tas’eTAkan’PikŬ

sgôfaÐ \ G~kTSgLay! sÂwkeQIEdlenAk~¬gk¶ab’«dtfaKtenH nigsÂwkeQI EdlenAelIedImeQITSgLay Nae¨cInCagNa? | PikŬsgô¨kabTUls~g¨BHBuTìdIkavjfa Ð \sUm¨Tg’¨BHemt¶ae¨Vs! sÂwkeQIenAk~¬gk¶ab’¨BHhs¶ticNas’ sÂwkEdlenAelIedImeQI e¨cIn«¨kElge¨cIn e¨cInelIsnwgKNna¨ta rab’Vn| . eBlenaH¨BHsmõ¬Tì¨Tg’¨tas’teTAeTotfa Ð \eGIPikŬTSgLay! FmáEdltfaKt¨tas’dwgenaHe¨cInNas’ dUc sÂwkeQIEdlenAelIedImeQI ehIyFmáEdltfaKtykmksEm¶g¨Vb’ Gs’G~kTSgLayenH ticNas’ dUcCasÂwkeQIEdlenAk~¬gk¶ab’«dtfaKt enHäg . EtFmáEdltfaKtminVnykmksEm¶g¨Vb’G~kTSgLay Ca Fmáminman¨beyaCn_nwgdwknSG~kTSgLayeTAkan’TIbMputTukÅeT | . FmáEdl¨BHsmõ¬TìykmksEm¶ge¨VsstÃTSgLay suTìEtCaFmáman¨b-eyaCn_nwgnSstÃTSgLayeTAkan’TIbMputTukÅKWniBÃan CaFmáKYrlμmdl’mnus§TSgLay cab’ykesck¶IehIyyl’Vn CaFmá¨bkbedayehtuplbribUNá ehIycºas’las’ ¨Vkdkarniym manlkÅN:Cav^T´asaås¶ ebIbuKðlNamYyVnsik§aFmáTSgenH ehIy nwgVnyl’cºas’ eXIjcºas’ emIlGÃI emIleXIjBitedayBit edayyfaPUt Ts§njaN CaFmáEdlG~k¨VCÆbcͬbºn~kalenHTTYlsðal’fa¨twm¨tUv ehIyeK ekates©Ic«¨kElg . esck¶IBit BuTìsasna nigv^T´asaås¶ manlkÅN:¨sbK~a edIreTAtampÂèvCamYy K~a . erOgenHminmaneTasCacenÂaHKYr[manemaHmnæileLIy ¨Kan’EtmYyCapÂèvFmás¶IBI sIlFmánigbrmtÄscÍ (Moral and spiritual truth) mYyeTotCapÂèvelak s¶IBIsmμtiscÍ (Material truth) eBalKWBuTìsasnaykxÂçne¨bICaÓbkrN_s¨mab’eFÃIniTs§n_ rkscÍFmá ehIye¨bIEt xagEp~ksIlFmáÉpÂèvcit¶ Caniramisniym ÉnwgehAfa GrUbniymk*Vn äv^T´asaås¶ ykvtĬd«Te¨kABIxÂçnCaÓbkrN_mkeFÃICaCMnYyCYyeFÃIniTs§n_rkscÍFmá ehIyykeTA e¨bIxagEp~ksm¸arniym ÉGamisniym Ék*nwgehAfarUbniymk*Vn . ebIniyayCa esck¶ImYyEbbeTot BuTìsasnarkesck¶IsuxenAnaelakenHpg rk brmsuxenAäbrelakpg EdlehAfaniramissux . äv^T´asaås¶ rkesck¶Isux enAEtk~¬gelakenHEtm ”ag EdlehAfa Gamissux . dUec~H eKalkarBuTìsasna nig v^T´asaås¶ TSgBIrenH ep§gK~a .

mYyeTot FmáEdlGgð¨BHsmõ¬TìsEm¶ge¨Vsstà edayBitBMuEmnCae¨KOgtSg Tuks¨mab’lMGenAk~¬gbNöal&yeT ÉnwgfaCaFmá Év^CØas¨mab’sik§aEbbCa¨bvt¶i-saås¶ EbbCaGk§rsaås¶k*BMuEmnEdr Ék*nwgfark§aTuks¨mab’G~k¨VCÆ ÉBYkG~kbJïvn¶ TSgLayk*eTEdr . Fmá¨BHGgðCaFmás¨mab’sik§a[ecHdwg ehAfa briyt¶iFmá \eron sU¨t[ecHdwg| eronsU¨tecHdwgehIy¨tUv¨btibt¶itam ehAfa bdibt¶iFmá \eFÃItam FmáEdlVneronsU¨tecHdwg| ebIVn¨btibt¶i¨twm¨tUvtamKnÂgFmáenHehIy nwgVn pl KWkar ¨tas’dwg \smμasemõaFiJïaN| ehIyVnse¨mc emak§Fmá \karrYccak TukÅTSgBYg| ehAfa bdievFFmá \kar¨tas’dwgFmá| Vnesck¶IfaFmá¨BHGgðenHs¨mab’ eron[ecH ecHehIyeFÃItam eFÃItamehIyVnplEpÂpûa KWesck¶IsuxenAk~¬gbcͬbºn~Cati enHpg nigCadMeNIredIreTAkan’brmsuxenAk~¬gelakut¶rFmápg . G~k¨btibt¶itamFmá¨BH Ggð BitCaVnesck¶IsuxenAnaelakenHpg ehIyBitCaVnluHTIbMputTukÅ EdleyIg Fuj¨Tan’CnNayenH²tsg§&yeLIypg e¨BaHfaTIbMputTukÅenHägehIy CaeKal edAGvsanrbs’stÃTSgGs’ . dUec~H Fmá¨BHGgð BMuEmn¨Kan’EtlíemIleT KWTukCasMeBAeP¨tas¨mab’CHqÂg ehIycmÂgstÃ[qÂgputGnÂg’TukÅ KWmhasaKr EdlehAfa \valEvgvd¶sg§ar| (kar GenæalsÂab’ekIt) . tamTMngenH BuTìsasna nwgTukedaydac’xatfaCaTs§v^CØa (Philosophie) BMuVneLIy .

¨BHmhavériybNëieta V”g-xat’ saås¶acar´xag¨bvt¶isasna (1910-1975)

(rUbftVnBIbNëit XIg-hukDI)

BuTìsasnaCa¨bB&nìsIlFmáÉGÃI? esck¶IBit BMuKYrmanesck¶Isg§&ycMeBaHBuTìsasnaeT . BuTìsasnaBitCacºab’ sIlFmá (Système éthique) d*¨besIrbMput Cacºab’sm¨btibt¶i¨Kb’sm&yeday¨b«B ¨besIrelIssIlFmáFmμtasklelakEfmeTot . sIlFmáEdl¨BHsmõ¬TìsEm¶g TUnμanstà CasIlFmáxõs’put CalMGxagedIm«nkuslFmáTSgBYg CamaáKad*¨tg’ dwknS stÃeTAkan’TIputTukÅEdlCaeKaledATIbMput . sIlFmáFmμtasklelak Cacºab’sar- vn¶BitEmn EtBMuEmnCacºab’eBjlkÅN:bribUNák~¬gkardwknSstÃelak[luH²s§rPaB (liberté) bribUNá eBalKWemak§FmáenaHeLIy . sIlFmáFmμtasklelak ebInwgman ¨bsiTìiPaBeBjelj luH¨taEt¨bkbedaybJïanigvCØad«TeTotpg eTIbsmKYrnwg VnTTYlnamfaCasIlFmá¨besIrBitEmn . BuTìsasnas¶IBI kmμ |GMeBI| (Action) KWGMeBIlí Ga¨kk’ GB´a¨kit (kuslkmμ Gku- slkmμ GB´aktkmμ) . km μCacºab’FmμCati BMuEmnCacºab’tulakareT . cºab’tulakar ¨bkbedayP&ye¨cInNas’ . sUm¨Cabfa kmμ Edls¶ITukk~¬gBuTìsasna KWkmμman ectna . ectnaKWsIl ectnaKWkmμ . kmμenHBitCa[plvVkxÂçnägBit e¨BaHkmμman ectna. äkm μminmanectna BMus¶ITukk~¬gBuTìsasnaeT. kmμTSgGs’ manBlanuPaBk~¬g xÂçnäg ehIyeFÃIkarCanicÍk~¬gxÂçnäg cUremIlclnamhaPUtrUbcuH eFÃIkark~¬gxÂçnCanicÍ . dUec~H kmμ KW G~knimit¶ É sÄabnik (Architecte) sagGÃI@TSgGs’k~¬gelak . ebI Ga- TieTB¨Bh μnI É et±A manGtÄn&yfa \ kmμ | vj n±uHmanesck¶I¨besIrNas’ . KYrsaFu- Cn eBalfa BuTìsasnaenH Ca liTìikmμniym (lTìis¶IBIkmμ) VnedaybribUNá . bN¶akmμ3¨bkarxagedIm GMeBIlí (kuslkmμ) CaGMeBIsarvn¶bMput k~¬gkarksagxÂçn buKðlm~ak’@[VnCabuKðl¨besIr ehIy[rYccakTukŨKb’¨bkar edaykarbMeBj¨Bh μ- criyFmábribUNá dUcmanesck¶Ik~¬gKmõIrmCÎimnikay EdlGgð¨BHsmõ¬Tì¨tas’faÐ \¨BHFmá (kuslFmá) EdlbuKðlm~ak’@Vnce¨mInehIy VneFÃI [mane¨cIn e¨cInehIy e¨cInTal’EtelIslb’ GacknÂgbg’nUvGFmá (GkuslFmá) TSgGs’VnBit¨Vkd| . kmμ(GMBI)«n¨BHGrhn¶CaxINa¨sB BMuEmnCakuslÉGkusleT e¨BaHsn¶ancit¶ rbs’elak VnknÂgputFmáTSgBIr¨bkarenHGs’ehIy . Etesck¶IenH BMuEmnmann&y fa \¨BHGrhn¶Gs’kargareT| eBalKWminmanesck¶Ifa \¨BHGrhn¶enAes©¿m¨BegIy ken¶Iy| (passive) (1) eLIy edayBit ¨BHGrhn¶CaG~kskmμ (Active) ¨besIrelIsCn -------------------------- (1) He is passive.

samJïeTAeTot EtskmμPaBrbs’elak CaskmμPaB²tvVk EdlehAfa \kiriya| (1) ehIyCaskm μPaBdwknSstÃ[edIreTAtammaKáad*¨besIr EdlelakVn¨tas’dwgBit tamBit eqõaHeTAkan’sivd½anek§mk§an¶nirTukÅnirP&y . skm μPaBrbs’elak tamFmμta CaGMeBIkusl CaGMeBImanGanuPaBxÂSg dwknSstÃelak[Vnse¨mc¨beyaCn_, Óbma dUcmas masEdlCagmasedj[Gs’mnæilehIy CavtĬFatubrisuTìminVc’edjeTA eToty”agNa ¨BHGrhn¶CavtĬFatubrisuTì minmankrNIykicÍEdlCakmμvVkteTA eToteT y”agenaHEdr . ¨BHGrhn¶yl’cºas’Fmá cak’F¬HFmáBittamBitedayBit ¨tas’ dwgFmá CaFmámanPaBbMpÂajbg’nUvsg§arc¨k eBalKWbdicÍsmubºaTFmá \FmáCacºab’ ehtupl| . esck¶IdUcVneBalmkenH KYrelIkmkbJØak’m¶geTotfa \lkÅN:GÃICaGaTIeTB EdlfamanGanuPaBelIGÃITSgGs’ ÉGÃId«TeTotEdlCaPaBtMNagGaTieTBmanòTìanu- PaBenaH BMumancMENkNamYyTal’EtesaHenAk~¬gBuTìsasna| . k~¬gBuTìsasna BMu manG~kNamYyCaG~kcS¨bTanrgÃan’ ÉCaG~kcSdak’bN¶asa[manVbenaHeT . suxk¶I TukÅk¶I suTìEtCaplEdlecjmkBIkmμ \GMeBI| rbs’xÂçn¨Kb’K~aTSgGs’ . KMnitEdlKit fa eTBtaeBj¨BHT&y ehIye¨Vs¨bTanrgÃan’k¶I ÉeTBtaminsBèBHT&yehIye¨kv e¨kaFdak’bN¶asa[manVbk¶I BMumanenAk~¬gsn¶ancit¶BuTìsasnikCneT sUmºIEtk¶I sgôwmfa eTBtanwge¨Vs¨bTanrgÃan’k¶I Ék¶IVrmfa eTBtanwgdak’bN¶asak¶I k*BMuman Edr . BuTìsasnikCn dwgxÂçncMeBaHv^Vkrbs’xÂçnk~¬gGnaKtkalCanicÍÐ -manstismºCJï: tSgcit¶evorGMeBIGa¨kk’edaykay vaca cit¶ e¨BaHyl’cºas’ fa GMeBIGa¨kk’CaplGa¨kk’ nS[rgTukÅevTnaenAnaelakenH nigbrelak ehIyCaehtu nSBn´WtdMeNIr min[se¨mcniBÃanqab’; -tSgcit¶bMeBjkuslFmá e¨BaHyl’cºas’fa GMeBIlíCYye¨sac¨sg’xÂçn[Vn k¶IsuxenAnaelakenH nigbrelak ehIynSxÂçn[xitcUleTAC^tsmμasemõaFiJïaN \kar ¨tas’dwg| EdlCaeKalbMNgGvsanbMput . edImºIyl’cºas’nUvsIlFmád*xõg’xõs’enH sUmGs’elak, G~kTSgLay GeJØIj emIlBuTìPasitnana EdlmanenAk~¬gsU¨tTSgLay manFmμbT siKaelavaTsU¨t B´KôbCØsU¨t mgðlsU¨t krNIysU¨t braPvsU¨t vslsU¨t FmμiksU¨t CaedIm eTotcuH . dUec~H BuTìsasnaenH ebIemIltamGtÄn&ymYyEbb BMuEmn¨twmEtCaTs§n- v^CØab”uNöwgeT ebIemIltamGtÄn&ymYyEbbeTot CaTs§nv^CØaelITs§nv^CØaTSgLay eTAeTot . BuTìsasnaenH ebIemIltamGtÄn&ymYyEbbBMuEmn¨twmEtCalTìisasna (Religions) eT ebIemIltamGtÄn&ymYyEbbeTot CalTìisasnaelIlTìisasnaTSg ------------------- (1) kiriyaEdleFÃI min[plCalíCaGa¨kk’ .

Lay . BuTìsasna ebIniyayBIsIlFmá CasIlFmá¨besIrelIselIv^FIsIlFmáTSg Lay . rIsIlFmáenHeTot BitCaxagedIm«nesck¶Ilí (kuslFmá) TSgLay ehIy sUm¨Cabfa BMuEmnCaenAcugb”Uc«nBuTìsasnaeT . Bak´fa \BuTìsasna| ebItamGtÄn&yCaPasaVlI EdlCasMeNAedIm elak e¨bIBak´fa \Fmμ| CaBak´EdlelakelIkykmke¨bIs¨mab’ehA \BuTìsasna| . Bak´fa \Fmμ| minmanGtÄn&yk~¬gPasad«TNamYy[mansMnYnevaharb”unK~aeLIy . äBak´fa \Fmμ| enH man¨Vkdkarniym eBalKWCavaT:Edls¶IBIscÍFmá CaFmáBitd* ¨besIr dwknSstÃeTAkan’esrIPaB eTAkan’karrYc¨sLH = emakÅFmá (karrYc¨sLHeday xÂçnäg) . FmáenH eTaHeyabI¨BHsmõ¬TìekIteLIgk¶I minekIteLIgk¶I EtgEtCaFmá¨Vkd karniymCa¨b¨ktI . ¨BHsmõ¬Tì ¨Kan’CaG~kebIkFmáenH bgúaj[emIleXIj¨bt´&k§ dUc CaebIkKMrbEdl¨Kblak’vtĬGÃImYy[emIleXIjEtb”ueNöaHeT e¨BaHfaFmáenHkb’Vt’k~¬g Gv^CØaFmárbs’mnus§TSgLay luH¨BHGgðVn¨tas’dwgFmáehIy eTIbåTg’¨bkasFmá enHeLIgdl’mnus§ eTBta¨Bh μTSgLay edaykruNaFmárbs’¨BHGgð . ebIe¨bob eFobCaesck¶I[eXIjBit FmáenHCaFmártnvtĬ dUceB¨Ckb’enAk~¬gP~MKWGvCØa ¨BHBuTì¨Tg’ CaG~keXIjFmáKWeB¨CenH ehIyKas’kkayykmkbgúajstÃTSgLay fa \enHFmá nSG~kTSgLayeTAkan’²s§rPaB (emakÅFmá) putGn¬gTukŨKb’¨bkar| . dUec~H saFuCnTSgLay CaG~k¨sLaj’xÂçn KYr¨btibt¶itamBuTìsasnaenHcuH Gs’elakG~k nwgVnk¶Isuxsmtam¨Vf~aBMuxaneLIy .Ú