projeto de pesquisa_inglês

8/19/2019 Projeto de Pesquisa_Inglês

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ROADMAP FOR PREPARATION OF RESEARCH PROJECT

Team’s name:

MEQ Lego.

Research Topic:

At first, the subject researched was based on the massive discard of solid wastestemmed of civil constructions and demolition (RCC!, "osteriorl# in the large amountof high densit# "ol#eth#lene ($%E! accumulation in landfills.

&According to the 'railian Association for Construction )aste Rec#cling andemolition (Abrecon! 'rail dismisses eight billion reais a #ear because it does notrec#cle its "roducts. *o get an idea, the figures indicate that almost +- of solid wastefrom the cities, comes from construction, and - of this total could be reduced./(eC#cle0!.

As seen, much of the waste generated from the civil construction and demolitioncan be reused, because the debris is usuall# an inert material. *herefore, the reusegenerates great benefits. *he same occurs with $%E, considering that one hundredmillion "lastic materials manufactured annuall#, are made of this material. Moreover,

the $igh ensit# %ol#eth#lene has several "ositive characteristics, such as high 1ualit#when it refers to its corrosion resistance, durabilit# and fle2ibilit#. 3t is remar4able that,it has considerable resistance to water, gas o2#gen and carbon dio2ide.

Among the benefits from rec#cling $%E, there is the reduction of 55- inenerg# consum"tion, 6- in water consum"tion, ++- in carbon dio2ide emissions,55- in sulfur dio2ide emissions and 7- in nitrous o2ide.

'oth materials are of great benefit when reused. es"ite that, when discardedmainl# im"ro"erl#, can cause enormous damage as much as societ# as nature, this being

one of the main victims. 3n most cases the im"ro"er dis"osal is configured asenvironmental assaults and even as a health issue which endangers "ublic health. 3t isem"hasied that the RCC and $%E have as their final destination the landfills.$owever, the huge accumulation of these materials decreases the useful life of thelandfills.

8n the "ur"ose of reduce the dis"osal of these materials and im"lement the 9: st

"rinci"le of the Environmental and evelo"ment statement of Rio de ;aneiro (R38<69!which teenagers see4 to achieve sustainable develo"ment based on creativit#, wasobtained the idea of creating a new material which re1uires the use of solid wastes and

the high densit# "ol#eth#lene materials.



Research’s Quesion!Issue

*he identified "roblem refers to the negative e2ternalities generated b# thedis"osal of solid waste from civil construction. According to researches, this is one of the most discarded wastes "er da# when com"ared to others, es"eciall# in cities such as'elo $orionte = M>. *he rubble consists in 79,6- of all the generated wastes,followed b# the household waste. Meanwhile, most of the time is illegall# de"osited invacant lots, rivers and streams, roads and sidewal4s, ma4ing it suitable for venomousinsect accommodation, s"read diseases, waterwa#s siltation and "ollution.?ubse1uentl#, there is high densit# "ol#eth#lene "ac4ages, this one made of eth#lenegas or oil b#"roduct. @urthermore, it is one of the most dis"osed materials over theworld, whereas that a""ro2imatel# : million tons of "lastic materials are made of thiss"ecific material b# #ear.

*herefore, aiming an a""ro"riate and a viable solution to these "roblems, theresearchs 1uestion isB &)hat is done with construction waste and "lastic "ac4aging of high densit# "ol#eth#lene/

In"ormaion Sources:

:. ALDARE>A, %aulo. %roteFGo ;urHdica do Meio Ambiente. ?Go %auloB Lemos eCru, 97. 95 ".

9. A??8C3AIJ8 'RA?3LE3RA E 8RMA? *KC3CA?. ResHduos ?lidosB 'R:.. 9. :".

5. '3'L38*ECA D3R*NAL. ReciclagemB Entulho. Available inB

Ohtt"B<<www.bibliotecavirtual.s".gov.br<temas<meioPambiente<reciclagem."h". Access

dateB ovember th

, 9:7.

. 'E?. %olietileno. Available inB Ohtt"B<<www.bndes.gov.br<?ite'E?<e2"ort<sites<default<bndes"t<>alerias<Ar1uivos<conhecimento<set orial<gs7."df. Access dateB ovember :9nd, 9:7.

7. 'RA?3L, Anna MariaS ?A*8?, @Ttima. E1uilHbrio Ambiental e ResHduo na?ociedade Moderna. 5 Ed. ?Go %auloB 'rasil ?ustentTvel Editora, 9. 977 ".

+. CA3A, LHvia Matheus. Estudo do "olietileno de alta densidade reciclado "ara

uso em elementos estruturais. 9. *ese de outorado. Nniversidade de ?Go %aulo.



. A ?3LDA ?%3ACK, MTrcia A"arecidaS E %A8L3, Marco Aurelio. A tecnologia dareciclagem de "olHmeros. Quim. ova, v. 9U, n. :, ". +7P9, 97.

U. MA8, Eloisa. %olHmeros como materiais de engenharia. 5 ed. ?Go %auloB Edgard'lVcher L*A, 95. :6 ".

6. MEWXC38, %edro. Entrevista com o *Ycnico em Meio Ambiente %edro MeZnciona em"resa Anglo American "lc nibio.

R8*E3R8 %ARA ELA'8RAIJ8 8 %R8;E*8 E %E?QN3?A

:. M3LE?, ere4 C#rilS 'R3?*8, ;ohn $erbert. *ecnologia dos "olHmeros.%oligono<Ed. da, :67.

::. %A3DA, CarlosS ?3LDA, CYlioS 'ERARE?, ?uana. Diabilidade econ[mica deuma usina de reciclagem de entulho em CatalGoP>8. Available inB Ohtt"B<<www.ibeas.org.br<congresso<*rabalhos9:9<333P5+."df. Access dateB ovember :9nd, 9:7.

:9. RA'EL8, a#ane. Coleta e Reciclagem de resHduos da construFGo civil. 'rasHliaB?E'RAE, 9:9. 7".

:5. ?%8?*8, Rosa. 8s resHduos da construFGoB "roblema ou soluFGo. Revista Es"aFoAcadZmico, n\ +:, ;unho, 9+.

:. *ERA. 8bra sustentTvelB saiba mais sobre a reciclagem dos resHduos da construFGocivil. Available inB O htt"B<<www.teraambiental.com.br<blogPdaPteraPambiental<obraPsustentavelPsaibaPmaisPsobrePaPreciclagemPdosPresiduosPdaPconstrucaoPcivil. AccessdateB ovember ::st, 9:7.

Search’s Summar#:

@irst of all, the large dis"osal of civil construction and demolition wastes was

studied, as well as the dis"osal of high densit# "ol#eth#lene "ac4age. *hese t#"es of materials have as final destination the landfills. es"ite that the# are often im"ro"erl#discarded in vacant lots, rivers, streams, streets and sidewal4s. *herefore, both thewastes besides harming nature are seen as a "ublic health "roblem.

Estimates show that almost +- of cities solid wastes come from the civilconstruction. ?ince - of this total could be reused. 8n the one hand, there arecurrentl# man# debates about the im"ortance of managing these wastes becausealthough civil construction has an im"ortant role as socioeconomic develo"ment. 8n the

other hand, there are major "roblems from an environmental "oint of view.



*he rec#cling of civil constructions waste in 'rail is an inci"ient "rocess,when com"ared to Euro"ean countries. *his "rocess started after the EC8P69, held inRio de ;aneiro, where were established some local environmental goals, such as the

"roduction and evaluation of buildings in order to sustainable develo"ment. *herefore,it has been studied a greatest number of goods, with the least amount of naturalresources and less "ollution.

*he entailed benefits b# the use of rec#cled waste are as much environmental associal and economic. According to the 'railian Association for Civil Construction andemolition )aste Rec#cling (Abrecon = AssociaFGo 'rasileira "ara Reciclagem deResHduos de ConstruFGo Civil e emoliFGo, in %ortuguese! 'rail dismisses eight

billion reais a #ears because the# there is not a waste rec#cling.

'# rec#cling, the "ollution can be minimied, bearing in mind that it is

associated with several "roblems. Currentl#, even with a large number of guidelines,criteria and "rocedures for the management of construction waste = established b#Resolution o. 5<99 = there are "eo"le who insist on dis"osing waste incorrectl#.

*he construction wastes, when collected for rec#cling, go through two ste"s, thefirst one named grinding, and the second named fractional se"aration stage. 3n this one,the residues are divided into different classes, one of them named &sand/, which wasused in our design.

Also, were done studies on $%E which is the raw material of a""ro2imatel#

: million tons of new "roducts. *his t#"e of "lastic is obtained from the "ol#meriation of gaseous eth#lene monomer ($9C ] C$9!. *herefore, it can beclassified as a thermo"lastic, which melts b# heat, and solidifies b# cooling and can bedissolved in solvents. Moreover, regarding its mechanical behavior, it is classified as

"lastic, as it gets an elastic modulus range that fits the mold.

Among the materials from $%E, it has "ac4aging for detergents andautomotive oils, bags of su"ermar4ets, crates, ca"s, waters drums, "ots, housewares andan# material that contains the number 9, according the technical standard "lastics 'R

:595B 9U.

As research, about 5- of the $%E world consum"tion earmar4 to the "roceeding of blow molding "roducts, wherein the most "art is used in bottles for h#giene and food "roducts. 3t should be noted that the range of materials come fromhigh densit# "ol#eth#lene is also given for its high 1ualit#, durabilit#, fle2ibilit# andcorrosion resistance.

$owever, it is res"onsible for a large "art of the waste found in landfills or evenin other sites deemed ina""ro"riate. *herefore, rec#cling this "ol#eth#lene could be also

successful both in the social field, as in the economic and environmental. ?ome of its benefits areB reduction of 55- in energ# consum"tion, 6- in water consum"tion, ++-



in carbon dio2ide emissions, 55- on the sulfur dio2ide and 7- in the emissions of nitrous o2ide. Moreover, the rec#cling of $%E allows no accumulation of this inlandfills, given that it ta4es hundreds of #ears to decom"ose.

Aiming not onl# the reuse of high densit# "ol#eth#lene and civil constructionwastes, as well as e2tending the life of landfills and mitigation of "roblems caused b#the large amount of ina""ro"riate waste dis"osal, was develo"ed a new and viable wa#to reuse this 4ind of waste. 3ts about creating a solid material b# using $%E and wasteconstruction.

Propose$ So%uion

*he "ro"osed solution is to create a solid material, using civil construction waste

and high densit# "ol#eth#lene. )ith de fusion of these materials, P $%E and sand(fraction from the rec#cling of the civil construction waste! P the result will be used tore"lace other materials, such as wood, cement and even as"halt. )ith the "roduction of this new material, varied a""lications could be sought in the "roduction of objects, suchas des4s, benches, streets, sidewal4s, walls, and among other "ossibilities.

E&isin' So%uions Re(ise$

*he "rocess of rec#cling civil construction waste, which obtains fine aggregates,

involves the selection of rec#clable materials of the rubble, the milling in suitablee1ui"ment and the classification according to the com"osition and the "article sie.*he# are divided into classes A, ', C and . Class A is the categor# of wastes such as

bric4s, tiles, roof tiles, etc. Class ', contains waste such as "a"er, "lastics, metals, glass,and others. Class C is waste that can not be rec#cled or recovered, which causes the lossof the material. Class , is the waste which is haardous to heath and the environment,and can be flammable, reactive, "athogenic, etc.

3n 'rail, waste rec#cling stills ver# low, because of the considerable economic

"roblems and the "ressing social "roblems, that is the main theme of "oliticaldiscussions, rather than an e2ce"tion, the cement and steel industr#, which continues "racticing this rec#cling.

*he rec#cling of $%E uses man# "rocesses. 8ne of them is the MechanicalRec#cling, using methods of se"aration, grinding, washing, dr#ing and re"rocessing of the "ol#meric residue. *he# are selected from the same t#"es of materials, then aremelted and molded into smalls granules, subse1uentl# used for other "ur"oses.

*he rec#cled "ol#mer can be obtained through four distinct categoriesB "rimar#,

secondar#, tertiar# and 1uaternar#. *he definition of these classes can be obtained fromA?*M 755P = ?tandard >uide for evelo"ment of A?*M ?tandards Relating to



Rec#cling and Nse of Rec#cled %lastics ( >uia %adrGo de esenvolvimento de A?*Mnormas relativas T Reciclagem e uso de "lTsticos reciclados = in "ortuguese!. *hesecategories are grou"ed into three techni1uesB mechanical, chemical and energ#.

*he chemical rec#cling uses the method of de"ol#meriation b# solvol#sis(h#drol#sis, alcohol#sis and am#lose!, or also b# thermal methods, using the "rocessesas low and high tem"erature "#rol#sis. *here is also the thermal<catal#tic methods used,as well as "#rol#sis, the selective catal#sts.

Sharin' o" Research an$ So%uion

*he "roject was shared with instructor and e2"erts in various areas of our institution, such as the area of Chemistr#, Electrical, Management and Mechanical.

)ih Poenia% *ene"iciaries

@irst, was made a visit at the Landfill of our cit# (CatalGo = >oiTs!

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