Auditório FAPESP, São Paulo, 11 de setembro de 2018

Prêmios para as Mulheres Brasileiras em Química e Ciências Relacionadas

Sumário da Apresentação

♦Mulheres, um longo Caminho de Preconceitos

♦ Um olhar sobre as mulheres cientistas, alguns exemplos de

sucesso e insucessos;

♦ Alguns dados sobre mulheres pesquisadoras no Brasil e em São

Paulo;

♦ Conclusão;

HYPATIA DE

ALEXANDRIA

Mueller, I.; L.S. Grinstein & P.J. Campbell (1987). Women of Mathematics: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press

HYPATIA DE ALEXANDRIA, A PRIMEIRA MULHER CIENTISTA DO MUNDO

Nasceu em Alexandria, cidade cultural da região que hoje corresponde ao Egito, 355 d.C. Era filha

de Theon, professor, era também famoso filósofo, astrônomo e matemático

Mulheres, um breve olhar sobre a questão de gênero desde as

civilizações antigas

"O pior adorno que uma

mulher pode querer usar

é ser sábia” Lutero

(teólogo Alemão, século

XVI,)

"A natureza só faz

mulheres quando não

pode fazer homens. A

mulher é, portanto, um

homem inferior."

Aristóteles (filósofo, guia

intelectual e preceptor

grego de Alexandre, o

Grande, século IV A.C.)

Mulheres, um longo Caminho de Preconceitos e Humilhações

”Mulheres, escravos e

forasteiros não são

cidadãos” (Péricles

(político ateniense destaca

do, século V aC)

“Que as mulheres

continuem caladas nas

igrejas. Se elas quiserem

ser educadas, devem

discutir com seus maridos

em suas casas“ (Apóstolo

Paulo, ano 67 dC)

Crianças, idiotas, lunáticos

e mulheres não podem, e

não têm capacidade para

realizar negócios” (Henry

VIII (século XVI)

No início da civilização as mulheres eram reconhecidas como seres inferiores

Registro das Primeiras cientistas

Laura Maria Caterina Bassi (1711 - 1778) Física italiana, doutorou-se pela

Universidade de Bolonha em 1732;Foi a segunda mulher a ter um grau de Dr. por uma universidade. É reconhecidacomo a primeira mulher no mundo a ganhar uma cadeira universitária por seusestudos científicos;Contribuiu imensamente para o campo da ciência e colaborou a espalhar ateoria newtoniana pela Itália;

Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia (1646 - 1684) Italiana de descendência

nobre, foi a primeira mulher a receber um diploma acadêmico de umauniversidade. Em 1678 se tornou a primeira mulher no mundo a receber o graude Ph.D. em filosofia;

Women in science: a difficult history

♦ Augusta Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelace — better known as "Ada Lovelace” — was born in London onDecember 10, 1815, and was daughter of famous poet Lord Byron;♦ From early on, Lovelace showed a talent for numbers and language. She received instruction fromWilliam Frend, a social reformer; William King, the family's doctor; and Mary Somerville, a Scottishastronomer and mathematician;♦ Ada Lovelace is considered to have written instructions for the first computer program in the mid-1800sSomerville was one of the first women to be admitted into the Royal Astronomical Society;

Caricature of women attending a 19th century

meeting of the British Association for the

Advancement of Science. Source: Rebekah Higgitt

Ada Lovelace

✓ Was born in London on 25th July 1920;

✓ Studied chemistry and physics at Newnham College, Cambridge;

✓ In 1942 - British Coal Utilization Research Association, worked on carbon fiber

technology;

✓ In 1947 - Central Government Laboratory for Chemistry in Paris where she worked on X-ray

diffraction until 1951 when she moved to King's College, London.

✓ Produced X-ray diffraction pictures of DNA which were published in Nature in April 1953. This

played an important role in establishing the structure of DNA.

✓ Came into conflict with Maurice Wilkins, who was also working on DNA at King's College, and

therefore decided to join John Bernal at Birkbeck College to carry out research into the tobacco

mosaic virus.

✓ In 1957 began to work on the polo virus.

✓ Died of ovarian cancer on 16th April 1958.

http://www.rosalindfranklin.edu; Nature, Volume 171: 740-41(1953)

Women Scientists Whose Discoveries Were Credited to Men

Pesquisa individual

Pesquisa colaborativa

Consórcio ®Bolzani

2008

Nobel Prize Awarded Women

Marie Sklodowska CurieThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 (shared with Henri Becquerel and Pierre Curie) in recognition of theextraordinary scientific work they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena;

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 in recognition of her work to the advancement of chemistry by thediscovery of the elements radium and polonium;

First woman to be awarded a Nobel prize and the only one person to be awarded 2 Nobel prizes;

Irène Joliot-Curie

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 (shared with Frédéric Joliot); in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements

Curies' First Scientific Breakthrough Discovery of Polonium

and Radium

♦Working on her thesis on Becquerel´s rays, a few weeks after the birth of her

daughter Irène, she gave great progress on the minerals investigation, and

contributed to the discovering of Polonium and radium, sharing the Nobel Prize in

Physics, with Henri Becquerel, in 1903;

♦She is one the most important women in human history – Among the 300 Women

who changed the World, she is rightly included;

♦Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie),

France, due to aplastic anemia due to the exposure to radiation during her

researches;

Langevin-Joliot & Soraya Boudia, Chemistry International, v 33, no1. 2011

Fantastic development in thegeosciences, material, biology,medicine and agriculture sciences; forindustry and also for quality of humanmodern life

HONOR TO NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY AND NEGLECTED DISEASES

Youyou Tu - Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015 (shared

with William C. Campbell, Satoshi Ōmura) for her discoveriesconcerning a novel therapy against Malaria;

In the 1970s, after studies of traditional herbal medicines,Youyou Tu managed to extract a substance, artemisinin, whichinhibits the malaria parasite. Drugs based on artemisinin haveled to the survival and improved health of millions of people;

13

Participantes da 50a. Conferência de Solvay em 1927

Marie Curie – Foi um marco para a criação e elaboração dos fundamentos deuma nova disciplina – a radioquímica (hoje um campo de pesquisa importante);

Suas conquistas são notáveis até hoje no campo da ciência, convém destacarque na época que viveu era uma atividade intelectual tradicionalmente proibidapara as mulheres;

E. Schrödinge

Marx Plank

Albert

Einstein

L. de Broglie

W. Heisenberg

Peter DebyeN. Bohr

Conferência de Solvay em 2017

Clara Immerwahr

• Clara Immerwahr, jovem alemã, brilhante, não teve o mesmo sucesso de MarieCurrie;

• Primeira mulher alemã a doutorar-se em química, pela Universidade deWrocław;

• Em 1901 casou com o químico Fritz Haber e trabalhou intensamente ao lado domarido, contribuindo para o avanço das pesquisas de marido, mas nunca tevesua participação reconhecida e a sua investigação científica foi prejudicada;

• Haber trabalhou intensamente para o governo Nazista alemão e desempenhouum papel importante no desenvolvimento da armas químicas, especialmentegases venenosos;

• Immerwahr de posse de uma pistola militar de Haber, cometeu suicídio com um tiro no peito;

• O suicídio de Clara nunca foi divulgado por jornais, Sua morte não foi documentada e levou a controvérsiasquanto aos prováveis motivos do suicídio;

Clara Immerwahr – 1ª. Doutoranda em química da Alemanha: uma triste história

From 1901 to 2017, there have been 825 male winners of the Nobel

Prize, but just 47 female winners

All Nobel Prizes. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. Tue. 11 Sep 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes

The Women Nobel Prize in

Chemistry

2009 - Ada E. Yonath

1964 - Dorothy C. Hodgkin

1935- Irène Joliot-Curie

1911- Marie Curie (was

awarded twice)

15 Women have awarded Nobel Peace Prize

2011- Ellen Johnson Sinleaf; Leymah Gbowee; Tawakkol Karman

2004 - Wangari Maathai 1979 - Mother Teresa

2003 - Shirin Ebadi 1976 - Betty Williams

1997 - Jody Williams 1976 - Mairead Corrigan

1992 - Rigoberta Menchú Tum 1946 - Emily Greene Balch

1991 - Aung San Suu Kyi 1931 - Jane Addams

1982 - Alva Myrdal 1905- Bertha von Suttner

2011 Nobel Peace Prize "for

their non-violent struggle

for the safety of women

and for women’s rights to

full participation in peace-

building work".

Ellen J. Sirleaf

Leymah Gbowee

Tawakkol Karman

Estados Unidos – Mulheres cientistas e oportunidades de emprego

http://www.nature.com/news/inequality-quantified-mind-the-gender-gap-1.12550

Ofertas de emprego de cientistas norte-americanos doutores empregados

na academia

30 % mulheres

At The Top of the Academic Career - Women Are Absolute Minority in European Community

Man

Women

A - position for recent doctorates

B - Position for intermediate level researchers

C - Position for senior researchers

Source: SHE Figures 2017

2016 Statistic data Women and Science Statistics and Indicators

http://www.uis.unesco.org/_LAYOUTS/UNESCO/women-in-science/index.html#!lang=en

UNESCO: Worldwide recent data on Women in Science

Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders in the Global Chemistry EnterpriseChapter 23, pp 265–281Chapter DOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1195.ch023ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 1195ISBN13: 9780841230675eISBN: 9780841230682Publication Date (Web): September 2, 2015Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society*E-mail: bolzaniv@gmail.com.

Brazilian Women in Science and in the Chemistry Area

BASE LATTES

•Doutores em geral atuando em Pesquisa e Ensino: 134.420 (63.853 mulheres =47,5%);

•Doutores em Ciências Exatas e da Terra: 19.600 (6.309 mulheres = 32,2%)

•Mestres atuando em Pesquisa e Ensino: 8.3321 (4.4337 mulheres = 53,2%)

•Mestres em Ciências Exatas e da Terra: 9.881 (3.388mulheres = 34,3%)

Número de Bolsistas PQ atualmente vigentes no CNPq

•FQ: 175 (44 mulheres = 25,1%)•QA: 159 ( 47 mulheres = 29,6%)•QO: 246 ( mulheres = 30,1%)•QI: 127 ( 44 mulheres= 34,6%)

•PQ-1A: 63 (7 mulheres = 11,1%)•PQ-1B: 58 (13 mulheres =22,4%)•PQ-1C: 61 (19 mulheres =31,1%)•PQ-1D: 101 (28 mulheres = 27,7%)•PQ-2: 415 (141 mulheres = 34,0%)•PQ-SR: 8 (1 mulher = 12,5%)

Total de 707 bolsas ( 209 mulheres= 29,6%)

33%#

27%#

9%#

5%#

2%#

2%#

22%#

Speciality*Distribu0on*of*Organic*Chemistry*Researchers*

Natural#Products#

Organic#Synthesis#

Polymers#and#Colloids#

Physical#Organic#Chemistry#

Organic#Photochemistry#

Structure#Conforma>on#and#stereochemistry#

Other#or#not#defined#

0"

50"

100"

150"

200"

250"

300"

Organic"Chemistry"

Analy7cal"Chemistry"

Physical"Chemistry"

Inorganic"Chemistry"

Number'of'Researchers'

Subareas'of'CNPq`s''Basic'Program'of'Chemistry''

Researchers'Distribu: on'

ALGUNS DADOS ESTATISTICOS SOBRE MULHERES NA QUÍMICA NO PAÍS

40%$

60%$

Gender&Distribu- on&of&Natural&Product&Researchers&

F$

M$

DADOS

19

Federal Grant R$ 700 million

9

AM10,4

MG36,0

PA8,0

PI1,5 RJ

35,8 RN2,1

SC7,5

SP113,4

CNPq112,8

FNDCT199,5

MS16,0

CAPES30,0

Petrobras21,0

BNDES12,9

State Grant R$ 214,7 million

Strong interaction with the Industry and Society

INCT – Long Term National Institutes of Science and Technology

125

Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência – SBPC (63 anos

de existência)

Três mulheres chegaram a presidência

Glaci Theresinha Zancan - Professora do Departamento de

Bioquímica da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), ocupou a

vice-presidência da Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da

Ciência (SBPC), de 1995 a 1999, e a presidência, de 1999 a 2003.

Helena Nader - Professora titularda Universidade Federal de SãoPaulo, Vice-Presidente, e Eleitapresidente da SBPC mandato de2011-2013.

Carolina Martuscelli Bori, Professora Titular da FFCL-USP, foi Presidente da SBPC de 1987 a 1989.Presidente de honra da Sociedade

•Presidente

Luiz Davidovich

•Vice-presidente

João Fernando Gomes de Oliveira

•Vice-Presidentes Regionais

•Região Norte: Roberto Dall'Agnol

Região Nordeste: Cid Bartolomeu de

Araújo

Região Sul: João Batista Calixto

Minas e Centro-Oeste: Mauro Martins

Teixeira

Rio de Janeiro: *Lucia Mendonça Previato

São Paulo: Oswaldo Luiz Alves

Women in the Brzilian Academy

of Science 12,80%

CONSELHO FISCAL

Fernando Cosme Rizzo Assunção

Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade

Luiz Bevilacqua

Renato Machado Cotta

*Susana Inés Cordoba de Torresi

COMITÊ EXECUTIVO

*Débora Foguel

Fernando Garcia de Mello

Jacob Palis Junior

Lindolpho de Carvalho Dias

Diretores

Elibio Leopoldo Rech Filho

Francisco Rafael Martins Laurindo

Hilário Alencar da Silva

José Murilo de Carvalho

* Marcia Cristina Bernardes Barbosa

Brazilian Chemical Society

SBQ

♦ Founded in July 1977, is one of the largest scientific bodies in Brazil counting ±5,000 members; is a non-profit organization, dedicated to education and research in Chemistry and all scientific fields involving Chemistry.

♦ The activities cover education, conferences, science policy and the promotion of chemistry to

the public;

♦Development of the Brazilian chemical professional, aimed at finding solutions to challenges faced by oursociety, such as, alternative sources of energy, protecting the environment, biodiversity, and shortages of waterand food, to promote the development of our country

♦ 18 Presidents has been elected along of 37 years;

♦ 2008-2010 – Vanderlan da S. Bolzani - 1st Woman President of the SBQ; after several years of work asSecretary General (2004-206) and Vice-President (2006-2008)

♦ Current member of the SBQ advisory board

♦ Mayana Zatz (Biologist, 2001) - Her researcher has focued on genetics of hereditary neuromuscular diseases

and has been recognized all of world.

♦ Lucia Mendonça-Previato ( Biochemistry, 2004) - Her career has been principally devoted to the study of theglycobiology of Typanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite responsible for Chagas disease.

♦ Belita Koiller (Physic, 2005) She is a renowned theorist, whose innovative work has helped improve the

understanding of complex condensed matter systems, and to investigate the structure and non-equilibrium

dynamics of disordered systems.

♦ Beatriz Barbuy (2009) – She is an expert in both observational astronomy and the interpretation of

spectroscopic data. Being a renowned theorist, whose innovative work has helped improve the understanding of

complex condensed matter systems, opening up many research opportunities for other scientists.

♦ Marcia Barbosa Nascimento (2013) - Full Professor and Director of Institute of Physics, Barbosa's work has

helped explain why many characteristics of water – the motion of its molecules, its reaction to changes in

temperature and pressure – make it different from other liquids in vast and important ways, and how biomolecules

such as DNA, proteins and fats interact with water within the human body. UFRG

Some Remarkable Brazilian Women Laureate with

L’ORÉAL-UNESCO Award

• The UNESCO Science Prize - biennial scientific prize awarded by the United Nations

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Awarded to persons for an

outstanding contribution to the technological development of a developing state or region

through the application of scientific and technological research (particularly in the fields of

education, engineering and industrial development);

• Pioneer agronomist in soil biology in Brazil. The agronomist Johanna Döbereiner is the

seventh Brazilian scientist most cited by the scientific community;

• 1989 - Joanna Döbereiner – An outstanding agronomist engineer was awarded "for her

work in exploiting biological nitrogen fixation as the major source of nitrogen in tropical

agriculture;

The estimated Brazilian production of soybean crop in 2016 is 312,362

million tones; making Brasil the World’s second largest grain

productor, according statistic data from Institute of Geography and

Statistics (IBGE);

Economical benefits originated from innovative research carried

out by this great scientist;

Joanna

Döbereiner

Joanna Döbereiner

Yvonne P. Mascarenhas – IFUSP, São Carlos

⌘ Em 1956, Inicia as atividades em Física do Estado Sólido

(caracterização de amostras principalmente para identificação

de materiais e orientação de monocristais;

⌘ Grande Cientista brasileira: Marca o início das pesquisas em

cristalografia no Brasil 1956);

✧Determinação de estrutura de pequenas moléculas usando difração de

raio X por monocristais;

✧ Análise estrutural de macromoléculas em solução por espalhamento de

raio X;

✧ Determinação de estrutura molecular de proteínas;

✧ Caracterização estrutural de materiais policristalinos de interesse

tecnológico;

⌘Membro da ABC;

⌘ Prêmios: "Francisco Salles Vicente de Azevedo" - Associação Brasileira de Cerâmica - 1991

Grã-Cruz da Ordem Nacional do Mérito Científico - Presidência da República do Brasil - out/1998; MedalhaSimão Mathias - Sociedade Brasileira de Química – 1998; Distinguished Women in Science and ChemicalEngineering, IUPAC, 2017;

Conclusion Remarks

Family support is essential for professional success of women;

Dare with sense and sensitivity;

Hard work and passion;

Scientific career is an excellent profession for women;

Chemistry is a fascinating field for research, potential source for finding new innovation;

Chemistry - essential to understanding life, and therefore essential to knowing how

biological systems work

Raw material for Medicinal/combinatorial chemistry/parallel synthesis using natural product

or n. p.-like scaffolds

Contribution for the human resources formation ( Masters, PhD. Students and Post doctors)

Gender in the

Global Research Landscape Executive Summary

The proportion of women among researchers and inventors is

increasing in all twelve comparator countries and regions over

time.

In nine of the twelve comparator countries and regions analyzed,

women comprise more than 40% of researchers (2011 – 2015):

the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Canada,

Australia, France, Brazil, Denmark,

and Portugal. This is an improvement from 1996 – 2000, at which

time only Portugal has more than 40% of women among

researchers. The results vary substantially by field

of research, with women better represented in the Life and Health

Sciences. In the Physical Sciences, women are still generally and

markedly underrepresented, with women comprising less than

25% of researchers in these fields in the majority of comparators.

The global share of women among inventors listed in patent

applications increases between 1996 – 2000 (10%) and 2011 –

2015 (14%), yet women remain strongly underrepresented across

all comparators.

This report was prepared by Elsevier. Elsevier’s Research Intelligence portfolio of products and services serves research institutions,government agencies, funders, and companies. For more information, visit elsevier.com/research-intelligence - 2017

THANK YOUOBRIGADA PELA

ATENÇÃO