potencial e projetos para fosfato no brasil maisa bastos abram.pdf · mapa de cluster demonstra...

Potencial e Projetos para Fosfato no Brasil

Maisa Bastos Abram

(Chefe da Divisão de Avaliação de Recursos Minerais) [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]





Serviço Geológico do Brasil – CPRM

Trabalho de cunho nacional com equipe multidisciplinar e contribuições de geoquímicos, geofísicos e geólogos da CPRM.

Colaboração Acadia University, UFRN, UnB, USP, UFRJ, UFGO, UFPA, UNICAMP


DNPM - 5026 processos 60 - concessões de lavra /requerimento de lavra 2096 – Autorizações de pesquisa ; 371 - Disponibilidade 2499 – Novos requerimentos

1914 – Primeiras descobertas – NE Pará/NW MA 1945 /1950 - Araxá / Olinda 1970 /1996 – Maior parte das descobertas No final de 2008 até 2014 • Preocupação do governo brasileiro visando o

aumento da produção e o fomento à pesquisa de fosfato (Projeto Fosfato Brasil).

• Pesquisa exploratória empresas como Vale, Votorantim, Mbac e novos grupos no Brasil (Aguia Resources, Galvani, Vicenza, Eaglestar, BEMISA, Itaoeste, Minig Venture, etc.).

• Detalhamento de depósitos (Monteiro 2009, Sanches 2012, etc) e no conhecimento estratigráfico/tipológico (Ribeiro et al., 2012, Brod et al. 2004, etc.).

ASPECTOS HISTÓRICOS


Principais Depósitos e Ocorrências de Fosfato no Brasil

Cerca de 80% da produção de depósito de fosfato nacional provém de depósitos magmáticos enriquecidos

por processos supergênicos.

Pufahl, 2010 No mundo, 80% da produção de fosfato está relacionada a depósitos sedimentares


Depósito Localização Tamanho

(Mt) Teor (%)

Bu craa (Sahaara-

Marrocos) 1600 31%

Abu Tartur Egito 3000 29%

Kaiyang

China >320 17%

Bayovar (Peru)

540 17%

Rocinha Minas Gerais 415 10 a 15%

Lagamar Minas Gerais 5 30 a 35%

Arraias Tocantins 79 5,8%

Irecê Bahia 40 15 a 35%

Olinda

/Igarassu Pernambuco 96 18%

Miriri Paraiba 22 11% Final de 2013 - Mbac cut off de 2,8% P2O5

DEPÓSITOS DE FOSFATO SEDIMENTAR


Destaque para os depósitos de: Rocinha/Lagamar; Campos Belos; Irecê/Umburanas Mirassol D´Oeste Bodoquena

OCORRÊNCIAS/DEPÓSITOS DE FOSFATO NO NEOPROTEROZOICO


Monteiro (2009)

Idade Sete Lagoas Inferior – cerca de 570 (Warren et al. 2014)

DEPÓSITO DE CAMPOS BELOS / MINA MBAC –FORMAÇÃO SETE LAGOAS


ÁREA POTENCIAL A SUL DE AURORA DO TOCANTINS GO/TO

Novas ocorrências teores variando de 8 a 24,8% P2O5 – lado leste da Bacia do Bambuí – Form. Sete Lagoas

Novo mapeamento demonstra que a unidade Sete Lagoas (azul) ocorre na porção leste da bacia Bambuí – Oeste da Bahia

Complexo gnáissico migmatítico

Siltito fosfatado


Mapa de cluster demonstra claramente que áreas anômalas para P também ocorrem no lado leste. Feição esta corroborada com as ocorrências a sul de Aurora do Tocantins

Depósitos de Campos Belos - Itafós

ANÁLISE MULTIVARIADA – ÁREA ARRAIAS/CAMPOS BELOS

9 meters @ 15% P2O5

Eaglestar - Recursos (medido + inferido) - 18MT cut off 3% P2O5

Depósitos EagleStar


DEPÓSITOS DE ROCINHA E LAGAMAR Segundo a estratigrafia proposta por Dardenne (2001), os depósitos de fosfato de Rocinha / Lagamar estariam relacionados a Formação Rocinha (Grupo Vazante)

Brilhante (2014) modificada-Dardenne (2001)

Zircões detríticos – idade máxima de sedimentação 570 Ma – Depósitos de P2O5 Rocinha/Lagamar

Base geológica – Pinho et al. 2013 (Projeto Paracatu-Vazante – CPRM)

Canal do Urânio


Locais mais prováveis onde teriam se formado os fosforitos Campos Belos / Rocinha/Lagamar a partir do modelo de fosfogênese precambriana proposto por Nelson et al (2010)

Depósito de Rocinha/Lagamar Idade máxima de sedimentação de 570 Ma (Brilhante 2013 in Tuller et al. 2014)

Depósito Mt Teor médio

Rocinha 415 10 a 15%

Lagamar 5 30 a 35%

Associação Geoquímica Ca-P-Sr Sedimentos de Corrente

Tuller et al. 2014 (inédito)


CORRELAÇÃO ESTRATIGRÁFICA ENTRE OS DEPÓSITOS COM BASE ESTRATIGRAFIA ISOTÓPICA δC13 e Sr87/Sr 86 BACIA SÃO FRANCISCO (MG) Sanches (2007)

Sanches et al. (2007)

Lagamar Rocinha

Campos Belos

Irecê

Form

ação

Set

e La

goas


Reserva 40 Mt Teor 35% min. supergênico Teor 15% primário

Na região de Irecê diferentes fácies sedimentares são reconhecidas e equivalente a ambiente de planície de marés (Monteiro et al. 1987). As estruturas estromatolíticas ricas em fosfato (fosforitos) são do tipo Jurussania Krilov (Srivastava 1982), encaixadas em rochas da mesma unidade, porém formadas em ambientes de intermarés, com presença de estratos cruzados, marcas de ondas e abundantes intraclastos. Deslile (2013) reconhece 4 ciclos com estromatólitos mineralizados

A MINERALIZAÇÃO EM IRECÊ

(ESTROMATÓLITOS)

Deslile, 2013

4 ciclos


Os estromatólitos assemelham-se aos descritos por Srivastava & Rocha (1999) na fazenda Arrecife (BA)

Os maiores similares ao Kussillida e Conophitonidana (classificação de Raaben, 1969) Os de menores dimensões similar aos Gymnosolenida e Kussiellida (Raaben, 1969).

ÁREA UMBURANAS – CONTEXTO GEOLÓGICO

Teores variáveis de 1,2 a 21% P205


Estende-se por 12 km, com 0,4 km de largura e, possivelmente, com 1 a 2 m de espessura na região de Umburanas- BA.

ÁREA UMBURANAS

PROSPECÇÃO GEOQUÍMICA

RESULTADO PRELIMINAR

_̂̂_̂_

_̂

_̂̂__̂_̂

_̂̂_̂_

_̂

_̂_̂_̂

_̂_̂

_̂_̂̂_

_̂̂_̂_

_̂_̂̂_̂_̂_̂_̂_̂_̂_̂_̂_̂_̂__̂̂__̂_̂̂_0,2 0,90,250,23

0,020,22

0,37 0,17

0,0721,9

0,33

0,22

0,24

0,85

1,26

1

2,47 1,17

1,92

4,975,21

1,48

1,19

2,76

12,35

10,14

1,11

1,011,84

1,15

_̂ Coleta de Rocha (Teor de P205 em %)

241 - 597

597,1 - 795

795,1 - 1.272

1.273 - 2.284,5

2.285 - 3.297,5

3.298 - 10.000

Coleta de Solo(Teor de Fósforo em ppm)

0 31,5

km

208 - 513

513,1 - 725

725,1 - 1.263

1.264 - 1.802

1.803 - 1.900

1.901 - 3.200

Coleta de Solo(Teor de Fósforo em ppm)

_̂̂_̂_̂_̂_̂_̂_̂_

_̂

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_̂

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_̂

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_̂

_̂̂_

_̂̂_̂_

_̂̂__̂̂_̂_ _̂

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_̂̂__̂ _̂

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_̂

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_̂ _̂

_̂3,11

4,832,79

BA-368

0

0

0,70,09

0,11

0,07

0,130,05

0,13

3,110,16

0,140,340,03

0,05

0 0,50,25

km


Das 200 amostras analisadas - 78,5% das amostras com P2O5 que varia de 3 a 9%.

Formação Serra do Caeté – Mirassol D’Oeste

Projeto Fosfato Brasil: Estado do Mato Grosso (2011)

Alvo SW – Recursos da ordem 400 Mt – teor médio 2,5% - hidroxiapatita (BEMISA 2014)

Alvo NE – Volume pode triplicar – teor médio possivelmente mais elevado

FOSFATO SERRA DO CAETÉ – MT - PROCESSO VIÁVEL EM ESCALA DE BANCADA


A zona com maior potencialidade de acumulação de rochas fosfáticas/fosforitos está localizada no topo da formação Bocaina e na base da Formação Tamengo. Teores de 21 a 41% P2O5

Áreas Potenciais no Mato Grosso do Sul – Bacia Corumbá


O Brasil possui impor-tantes picos de fosfogêne-se associados ao Paleo-zóico, com destaque para as ocorrências de fosfato na Formação Pimenteiras (Bacia do Parnaíba), Gru-po Curuá (Bacia do Ama-zonas), Formação Juma (Bacia do Alto Tapajós) e outras ocorrências de fosfato na Formação Co-rumbataí (Bacia do Para-ná).

OCORRÊNCIAS/DEPÓSITOS DE FOSFATO NO PALEOZÓICO


A PESQUISA PARA FOSFATO NA BACIA DO AMAZONAS

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Cunha et al. 2007 GRUPO CURUÁ – BACIA AMAZONAS

Núcleo fosfático

Borda siderítica

Folhelhos – 8% P2O5 – concreções 21 / 24% P2O5

Clastos com 12% P2O5


POTENCIAL BRASILEIRO DA BACIA PARNAíBA

Projetos da Eaglestar – Formação Longá

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Formação Longá: folhelho e siltito. Ambiente marinho raso

Formação Pimenteiras: arenito, siltito e folhe-lho. Ambiente marinho raso

Formação Pedra-de-Fogo: arenito, folhelho, calcário e si-lexito. Ambiente marinho raso e litorâneo

Área Pimenteiras Ocorrência de Fosfato_̂Área Picos

Bolivia

Argentina

Paraguai

Chile

Peru

Colombia

Venezuela

Uruguay

Guiana

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Ocorrências destacadas em Lima & Leite (1978)


Sup. de Inundação Máxima

16% P2O5

Cant 1992

Área Pimenteiras - Piauí

Fosfato associado a várias etapas de evolução da bacia - superfícies transgressivas, superfícies de inundação máxima e zonas com regressão forçada.

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Níveis de fosforitos com Nódulos fosfáticos

Arenitos fosfáticos

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Projeto Eaglestar


CRETÁCEO

Tipos de Minério Formação Itamaracá 1) Fosforito com teores de até 32% de P2O5 associados à razões de CaO/P2O5 entre 1.3 e 1.56. 2) Argilitos e Arenitos com teores de 10% a 15% de P2O5 associados à altas razões de Al2O3/P2O5. Formação Gramame 3) Calcarenitos com teores de até 8% de P205.

DEPÓSITO FOSFÁTICO DA BACIA PARAÍBA

Perspectiva de Recursos

a

a’

Modelagem geológica

N

Minério 1 Minério 2 Minério 3

Recurso (ton) 52.224.723 8.014.156 836.849

Teor médio (%) 11.43 5.88 3.83

Total (ton) 61.075.728,6

Ex. Vertical 5x

Capeamento médio de 42 metros

Cálcarios fosfáticos com até 7% de P2O5

Fosforitos com 27% de P2O5

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G

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/

Legenda

blocos_area_bc_pe_pb

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T


Depósito de Miriri - CPRM

Depósito de Olinda/Paulista/Igarassu (96Mt – 18%P2O5 – Rezende, 1994)

Resultados da prospecção geoquímica realizada na Bacia Paraíba (Projeto Fosfato Brasil)

MIN 1 – profundidade média de 35 m MIN 2 – profundidade média de 60 a 65 m (razão CaO/P2O5 maior)

Depósito de Lucena (Águia Resources) Depósito de Lucena- Águia Resources

Anomalias

Sed.

Corrente


ÁREAS POTENCIAIS DA REGIÃO DA BACIA POTIGUAR– RN/CE

(A) – Fragmento de amostra de calha parcialmente substituído por fosfato (porções amareladas mais fosfatizadas) e (B) Fragmento de amostra de calha com foraminíferos hialinos com câmaras preenchidas por fosfato (Matsuda 1988)

Matsuda (1988) pesquisou marco radioativo no topo da Formação Jandaíra - profundidade de 99 metros em poços em terra e 450 metros em poços no mar.

O maior teor em P2O5 encontrado foi de 9,9%. A espessura do marco radioativo varia de 10 a 20 metros.

Valores anômalos

em sedimentos de

corrente na Bacia

Potiguar

Definição Preliminar da Sondagem na área da Bacia Potiguar

Espessura do

Marco Radioativo

x Profundidade

em que o Marco

radioativo se

encontar

(Dado de poços

cedidos pela ANP)

A


POTENCIAL DA BACIA POTIGUAR


POTENCIAL BRASILEIRO PARA DEPÓSITOS MAGMÁTICOS

Wooley & Kjarsgaard 2008

Número de ocorrências de carbonatitos por continente

Número de ocorrências conhecidas

Percentual do total de ocorrências conhecidas

África 171 35%

América do Norte 112 22%

América do Sul 29 5%

Antártica 1

Ásia 160 30%

Austrália 11 2%

Europa 35 6%

Ilhas Oceânicas 8 1%

Total 527

CPRM – Levantamentos Aerogeofísicos 6 - Novos lançamentos 16 – Até o final do ano 11 – Em finalização


Caracterizados pela CPRM (Toniolo et al. , 2011). Águia Resources começou a realizar trabalhos nas áreas e já cubou recurso inicial da ordem de 21 Mt – 4% P2O5 em Três Estradas

ÁREAS POTENCIAIS DO ESCUDO SUL RIO GRANDENSE -RS

Carbonatito Três Estradas

Carbonatito Joca Tavares

http://www.aguiaresources.com.au/

Carbonatito Picada dos Tocos

Picada dos Tocos (18,6m @2,53% e 14,37m@3,21%) e Passo Feio (grab sample – P2O5 4,86 -12,85%)

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_̂

_̂

_̂̂_̂_

_̂

_̂

São Sepé

São Gabriel

Lavras do Sul

Caçapava do Sul

Vila Nova do Sul

Santana da Boa Vista

BR

-15

3

BR-392

BR-290

R

S-3

5

7

BR

-473

/R

S-473

BR-293

RS-625

B R-153/BR-290

RS-1 49

RS-357

RS

53°15'0"W

53°15'0"W

53°30'0"W

53°30'0"W

53°45'0"W

53°45'0"W

54°0'0"W

54°0'0"W

54°15'0"W

54°15'0"W

30

°15

'0"S

30

°15

'0"S

30

°30

'0"S

30

°30

'0"S

30

°45

'0"S

30

°45

'0"S

31

°0'0

"S

31

°0'0

"S

31

°15

'0"S

31

°15

'0"S

_̂ _̂_̂̂_̂_̂__̂

RS

SC

Grupo Mining Venture Brasil (Vargas et al. 2013)


Recursos Inferidos

http://www.mbacfert.com/

Cutt off 3%

NOVAS DESCOBERTAS NO SUL DO PARÁ

Novas perpectivas quando se descobre um novo contexto geológico tendo em vista o conceito de provincialidade

Brechas carbonatíticas

Lapilli tufos carbonatíticos


Solo com valores anômalos para P2O5 9%, La 909, Ce >1000 ppm, Sr e Ba.

RioSão Francisco

São Raimundo Nonato

PI

BA

PE• Mina de vermiculita Queimada Nova - rochas ultrapotássicas, zonas lamprofíricas com teores de até 7% de P2O5, além de veios félsicos (albíticos) com ocorrência de apatita e carbonatos;

OUTROS DESTAQUES


Rolim 2014 – (Vicenza)

• Disseminada nas lavas e tufos

/epiclásticas • Vênulas de apatita e gorceixita

Problemas para aproveitamento econômico Teores baixos disseminados Mineralogia – Granulometria Teores altos em fraturas que não formam corpos definidos

MINERALIZAÇÃO EM FOSFATO GRUPO MATA DA CORDA - MG

Tufo piroclástico – 1,34% P2O5 (Vicenza) Apatita intersticial em lava kamafugítica – rocha com 23% P2O5 (Vicenza)

Lava kamafugítica com veios de apatita – 15,47% P2O5 (Vicenza)

Rochas Epiclásticas – 20% P2O5 (Águia Resources)


Apatitas Teores em

P2O5 em torno de 2-3% / TiO2 – 3%

Na área de Roraima, Alto Apiaú, observamos, que os gabronoritos/anortositos são relativamente enriquecidos em P2O5.

Fraga et al. 2000 /Fraga 2002

Destacamos o Anortosito de Allard Lake (Charlier et al. 2010) . Um destes com (Depósito de Puyjalon), com 230Mt / 17,9%Fe, 10,8% TiO2 e 3% P2O5 (Notholt et al, 1989).

OUTROS MODELOS DE MINERALIZAÇÃO


PRINCIPAIS CONCLUSÕES •A descoberta de novos depósitos de fosfato é estratégica para o Brasil, que ainda possui dependência externa para este insumo mineral. •O Brasil apresenta processos sedimentares fosfogenéticos correlacionáveis aos grandes depósitos mundiais em diferentes tempos geológicos. •O conhecimento do potencial para fosfato das bacias sedimentares brasileiras ainda é pequeno face as unidades geológicas em ambiente favorável. Ainda precisamos expandir este conhecimento. •Os levantamentos geofísicos e geoquímicos executados pela CPRM são importante ferramenta para a caracterização de novos depósitos, tanto magmáticos quanto sedimentares. • Acreditamos que a CPRM através do Projeto Fosfato Brasil e outros projetos regionais tem trazido contribuições ao conhecimento do potencial brasileiro para fosfato com a indicação de indícios geoquímicos, geofísicos e geológicos, a definição de novas ocorrência/potenciais, com a delineação de novos recursos de fosfato para o país. •Mapeamento geológico com detalhamento da estratigrafia/estrutural, aliado a estudos sísmicos de detalhe e estudos isotópicos seriam cruciais para expandir o potencial de depósitos já conhecidos. • As novas descobertas por parte da iniciativa privada, governo federal precisam avançar do ponto de vista do conhecimento científico, papel fundamental da Academia. •Acreditamos que o acesso aos furos ANP/PETROBRAS poderá contribuir para a expansão de novos potencias

Obrigada!

[email protected]

www.cprm.gov.br

Serviço Geológico

do Brasil – CPRM

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