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PARCELADOR fifth Grade English, science, Math and Social studies

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PARCELADOR fifth Grade

English, science, Math and Social studies

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EnglishPresent ContinuousFORM

[am/is/are + present participle]

Examples:

You are watching TV. Are you watching TV? You are not watching TV.

Complete List of Present Continuous Forms

USE 1 Now

Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.

Examples:

You are learning English now.

You are not swimming now. Are you sleeping? I am sitting. I am not standing. Is he sitting or standing? They are reading their books. They are not watching television. What are you doing? Why aren't you doing your homework?

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Write sentences with each child.

adverbs of manner 

Adverbs of manner are usually formed from adjectives by adding –ly:

bad > badly; quiet > quietly; recent > recently; sudden > suddenly

but there are sometimes changes in spelling:

easy > easily; gentle > gently

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If an adjective ends in –ly we use the phrase in a …. way to express manner:

Silly > He behaved in a silly way.Friendly > She spoke in a friendly way.

A few adverbs of manner have the same form as the adjective:

They all worked hard.She usually arrives late.I hate driving fast.

Note: hardly and lately have different meanings:He could hardly walk = It was difficult for him to walk.I haven’t seen John lately = I haven’t seen John recently.

We often use phrases with like as adverbials of manner:

She slept like   a baby .He ran like   a rabbit .

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Past Continuous

FORM

[was/were + present participle]

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Examples:

You were studying when she called. Were you studying when she called? You were not studying when she called.

Complete List of Past Continuous Forms

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.

Examples:

I  was watching TV when she called. When the phone rang, she was writing a letter. While we were having the picnic, it started to rain. What were you doing when the earthquake started? I  was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire

alarm. You were not listening to me when I told you to turn

the oven off. While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his

car. Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane. While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly

went off. A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?

B: I was snowboarding.

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

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In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.

Examples:

Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. At midnight, we were still driving through the desert. Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at

work.

IMPORTANT

In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.

Examples:

Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.I STARTED EATING AT 6 PM.

Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.I STARTED EARLIER;   AND AT 6 PM, I WAS IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER.

USE 3 Parallel Actions

When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.

Examples:

I  was studying while he was making dinner.

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While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television. Were you listening while he was talking? I  wasn't paying attention while I was writing the

letter, so I made several mistakes. What were you doing while you were waiting? Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either. They were eating dinner, discussing their plans,

and having a good time.

USE 4 Atmosphere

In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.

Example:

When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.

USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."

Examples:

She was always coming to class late.

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He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone. I didn't like them because they were always

complaining.

While vs. When

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence.

Examples:

I was studying when she called. While I was studying, she called.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Past.

Examples:

Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct

Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct

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MATH

SCIENCE

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Atoms Around Us

Atoms are building blocks. If you want to create a language, you'll need an alphabet. If you want to build proteins, you will need amino acids. If you want to build molecules, you will need atoms of different elements. Each element is a little bit different from the rest. Those elements are the alphabet in the language of molecules. 

Why are we talking about elements? This is the section on atoms. Atoms are the general term used to describe pieces of matter. You are made up of billions and billions of atoms. However, you may only find about 40 elements inside of your body. You would find hydrogen (H) atoms, oxygen (O) atoms, and a bunch of others. Those other atoms are made of the same basic pieces, but they are organized in different ways to make each element unique. 

Common Elements

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Let's work with that idea for a bit. If you read a book, you will find a bunch of words on a page. Letters make up those words. In English, we only have twenty-six letters, but we can make thousands of words. In chemistry, you are working with around 120 elements, and when you combine them you can make millions of molecules. 

Molecules are groups of atoms bonded together in the same way that words are groups of letters. An "A" will always be an "A" no matter what word it is in. Asodium (Na) atom will always be a sodium atom no matter what compound it is in. While the atoms may have different masses and organization, they are all built with the same parts. Electrons, protons, and neutrons make the Universe the way it is. 

If you want to do a little more thinking, start with the smallest particles of matter. Those super-tiny subatomic particles are used to create atoms. Atoms are used to create the molecules around us. As we just learned, there are almost 120 known types of atoms. That means there are almost 120 elements that can be found in the molecules we know. Smaller molecules can work together and buildmacromolecules. It just goes on. Everything you see is built from something else. 

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You could start really small...- Particles of matter- Atoms- Molecules- Macromolecules- Cell organelles- Cells- Tissues- Organs- Systems- Organisms- Populations- Ecosystems- Biospheres- Planets- Planetary Systems with Stars- Galaxies- The Universe...And finish really big. 

Wow. All of that is possible because of atoms. 

SOCIAL STUDIES

The United States of AmericaWelcome to the United States of America, the "land

of the free and home of the brave".

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The USA's PeopleThe people of the United States are very diverse.  The people come from many different cultures and backgrounds and practice many different religions.  The American people are dedicated to the pursuit of happiness and freedoms of speech and religion.

Children go to public school from age 5 to 18.  The average school day is seven hours long with a 45 minute lunch and recess break.  Most high school graduates go on to study at a college or university.

The USA's HomesThere are many different types of houses in the United States.  People live in single family homes, apartments, townhouses (or rowhouses), mobile homes, and even igloos in Alaska.

The USA's CultureThe United States, which is also referred to as America, is made up of many diverse cultures, religions, and races.  In recent years it has become especially important to celebrate these differences in the cultures and to acknowledge that it is these distinct differences that make America unique and special.

Music is everywhere in the United States.   One special kind of music that is typically American is called Jazz.    Jazz music has been strongly influenced by the music of Africa.

Electronic media is an important part of culture in the United States.  Television, movies, music, and video games take up a great amount of American's free time.

Native Americans had lived in America for many centuries before it was discovered. Gradually, settlers from mostly Europe and Mexico populated the lands and drove off the Native Americans from the lands where they had lived for many thousands of years.  Even though Native Americans were the first people to live on the land of The United States, the Native American population is only 1% of the total population of the country.   Many state and city names come from Native American words.   For example, Mississippi comes from the word misi which means big and sipi which means river.

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The USA's Foods Some favorite foods that Americans like to eat include hamburgers, French fries, and a soda such as Coca-Cola or Pepsi.  In some areas of the United States people refer to Coke or Pepsi as a soft drink or soda pop.   Pizza is another favorite among Americans.  Ethnic foods such as Mexican and Chinese are also very popular.  The diverse population of people living in the United States has brought many different foods to this country.

The USA's ActivitiesBaseball is often referred to as the American National pastime.   Many Americans also play or enjoy watching football, soccer, hockey and basketball.   Girls as well as boys are involved in many sports in the United States.

The USA's AnimalsThe northwestern states are home to grizzly bears, elk, and deer.   Southern states are home to crocodiles and snakes.  Northeastern states have many opossum, raccoon, rabbits, skunk and deer in the forests.  There are many different climates and ecosystems in the United States that each hold a unique variety of animals and plants.

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The USA's Holidays and Celebrations  Thanksgiving is celebrated on November 29th.   It is a time to give thanks for the harvest.  The holiday was started in the 1600's with the Pilgrims who first came to America.  President Lincoln declared Thanksgiving a national holiday in 1863.

On Thanksgiving it is tradition to celebrate with a big meal.  Most Americans serve turkey or ham, cranberry sauce, potatoes, corn, and pumpkin pie as well as many other foods.  Families usually try to have Thanksgiving together.

The USA's LandThe United States is made up of many cities, suburbs, and smaller towns.  Big cities can be found in every state.  The cities, states, and regions of the United States often have unique landmarks, foods, celebrations, and dialects that make them different from other areas of this vast nation.

It is usually cooler in the north and warmer in the south.  Most of the United States goes through four seasonal changes: winter, spring, summer, and fall.

The USA's Cities and LandmarksThe Statue of Liberty was a special gift that was given to the United States by the country of France.  The statue is located on a small island off the coast of New York and New Jersey.  The statue has been a symbol of freedom to Americans since it welcomed many immigrants on their way in to Ellis Island.

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The USA's Facts:Area: 3,536,341 sq. milesCapital City: Washington, DC Population: 272 millionMain Language: EnglishCurrency: US DollarIndustries: leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining

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Biography

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President Barack Obama

Barack Obama was the 44th President of the United States. 

Served as President: 2009-presentVice President: Joseph BidenParty: Democrat Age at inauguration: 47 

Born: August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii

Married: Michelle LaVaughn Robinson ObamaChildren: Malia, SashaNickname: none 

Biography: 

What is Barack Obama most known for? 

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Barack Obama is most famous for being the first African American President of the United States.