moore, b_ origens sociais da ditadura e da democracia

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ditadura política

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  • 1.1 6H DG>6>H96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6

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    j[ln_ ^[ [lcmni]l[]c[ jlijlc_nlc[) [`[mnio gocni ^i ko_ l_mn[p[ ^[ mo[+ch^_j_h^h]c[ ^[ ]ili[ _ a_lio al[h^_ j[ln_ ^[ mo[ bimncfc^[^_ j[l[

    ]ig [m ^_m[mnl[^[mn_hn[ncp[m^_ [\mifoncmgi ^im Ono[lnm+@i g_mgiX! $gi^i) R `ilg[ ko_ [ [alc]ofnol[ ]ig_l]c[f nigio h[ fwaf[n_ll[) _g

    ) ]ihnl[mn_ ]ig [ =f_g[hb[ Klc_hn[f) a_lio og[ ]ihmc^_lp_f ]igohc*^[^_ ^_ chn_l_mm_m]ig [m]c^[^_m+=g\im im `[nil_m `il[g ][om[mcgjil*n[hn_m ^[ Co_ll[ ?cpcf _ ^[ pcnlc[ `ch[f ^[ ][om[ j[lf[g_hn[l+ Kmm_om_`_cnim ]ihncho[l[g [ m_lcgjiln[hn_m _ [ m_ll_`il[^im jil hip[m ][o*m[m)him m]ofim TREEE_ TET+

    ) =m ]ihm_kh]c[m mola_g [ch^[ g[cm ]f[l[g_hn_ m_]ifi][lgim [i _rj_lch]c[ chaf_m[ [i f[^i ^_ ionl[m p[lc[hn_m+B[f[h^i ^_ gi^i a_l[f)) b^o[m jimmc\cfc^[^_m)K cgjofmi ]ig_l]c[f ji^_ m_lgocni `l[]i _hnl_

    i [m ]f[mm_m+moj_lcil_mjlijlc_nlc[m) Mo[h^i cmnimo]_^_) i l_mofn[^i m_l[ mi\l_pcph]c[ ^_ og[ al[h^_ g[mm[ ^_ ][gjih_m_m) ko_ ]ihmncnoc)highcgi) og nl_g_h^i jli\f_g[ j[l[ [ ^_gi]l[]c[ _) hi grcgi) il_m_lp[nlci j[l[ og[ l_pifoi ][gjih_m[ ko_ f_p[lc[ [ og[ ^cn[^ol[]igohcmn[+ $= ionl[) jimmc\cfc^[^_ [ ^_ [ ]f[mm_moj_lcil jlijlc_nlc[oncfct[l ^cp_lmim hp_cmjifnc]im _ mi]c[cmj[l[ `cr[l n_ll[ [ gi*^_**i\l[ _ `[t_l ^_mn_gi^i [ mo[ nl[hmci j[l[ og[ [alc]ofnol[ ]ig_l]c[f+=fc[^i [ og[ ko[hnc^[^_ mo\mn[h]c[f ^_ ^_m_hpifpcg_hni ch^omnlc[f) jlipp_f ko_ i l_mofn[^i `imm_[kocfi ko_ l_]ihb_]_gim ]igi `[m]cmgi+

    Ji ][jnofi m_aochn_ him i]oj9fF_gim ^i j[j_f ^_m_gj_hb[^ij_f[m ]f[mm_mmoj$_lcil_mjli lc_nlc[mh[ ]lc[i ^im aip_lhim `[m]cmn[m+wk oc) jc_]wm[wim+wj_h[mi\m_lp[l77 ).YFwwcW?2$f.l_$l:]c[f _l[$ n[M ohL$'$n*[lln!f7iww ]ig_l]cbt[$.li8%!Vsa7o_ [ch][j[]c^[^_ ^_ i\n_l w [m [^_[o[^[m]n_ [alc]ofw$B_c[n8*hgig_hni ijilnohi) ^_crio [\_ln[ ionl[ li[ j[l[ [mchmncnoc_m_gi*]lcnc][m]_UVa^Rb* =g\[m [m)[!))wm mola_g h[ b.mnwh* J'3@[_]f=g_lf]+ Ag ]_ln[m j[ln_m ^[ Bl[h[) [ [alc]ofnol[ wc[f*$ w^_crio [ mi]c_^[^_ ?cfcjill_m[ ko[m_ gn[]n[8Eh[m _rcaco llc*cm^im ][g* ; -5jih_m_l)jl_mn[f^i [mmcg[ mo[*_*ic7[\olm*`ol[*m**l_p]fll]ggcnEm+J!*gwHAl[w8 fg_ofmi p_lc`c][^ihnl_*[*hi\l_t[+jw]ofnol[ ]ig_l]cf`ic `l[]i) _g ]igj[l[i ]ig i]n[E*llan[n_ll[*+*I[m*[Nw_FQ]fE [lcmni]l[]c[ _ [\lco ][gchbi j[l[ og[ ^_lhi]l[*]wAmn[[im Qhc^im) [ _m]l[p[nnc`cl!$^[m*jf[hn[$_m*]*iiO7*$ncnocoog cgjln[hn_ [mj_]ni ^i ^_m_hpifpcg_hni ][jcn[fcmn[+Lil ionlif[^i) `[f[h^i ch^ofa_hn_g_hn_) `ic og[ chmncnoci^_m`[pilp_f ^_gi*]l[]c[+ = Co_ll[ ?cpcf p_h]_o _mm_i\mn]ofi) _g\il[ [j_h[m j[l]c[f*g_hn_+$@_ gi^i a_l[f) [ _m]l[p[nol[ ^[m jf[hn[_m [j_h[m [ `ilg[

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    >BEA>86oq:H I:pG>86H : EGD?:oq:H 1.2

    g[cm _rnl_g[ ^_ [^[jn[_m l_jl_mmcp[m[i ][jcn[fcmgi+ Dnlm`[nil_mko_) Tnilh[g ^_m`[pilp_f ^_gi]l[]c[+ = ]f[mm_moj_lcil h_]_mmcn[)h[nol[fg_hn_) ^_ og n_ll_hi ]ig og mcmn_g[l_jl_mmcpiji^_limi) ko_cgjihb[ ni^i og ]fcg[ ^_ ijchci jifnc][ _ mi]c[f ^_m`[pilp_f fc\_l*^[^_ bog[h[+ =fg ^cmmi)_h]il[d[ [ jl_jih^_lh]c[ ^i ][gji mi\l_ [m]c^[^_m) ko_) jlip[p_fg_hn_) m_nilh[g mcgjf_m^_jmcnim ^_ nl[hm\il^ij[l[ _rjiln[i j[l[ g_l][^im ^cmn[hn_m+Bch[fg_hn_) _rcmn_g [m ]ihm_*kh]c[m \lon[fct[hn_m ^[m l_f[_m^[ _fcn_]ig [ gi*^_*i\l[) _mj_]c[f*g_hn_ m_p_l[mh[m _]ihigc[m ^_ jf[hn[i) _g ko_ im nl[\[fb[^il_mj_ln_h]_g [ og[ l[[ ^c`_l_hn_+

    @[^i ko_ [ nl[hmci j[l[ wwalc]ofnol[ ]ig_l]c[f ) i\pc[g_hn_)og j[mmi gocni cgjiln[hn_) ]igi m_ji^_g _rjfc][l Z[mg[h_cl[m jilko_ wolaco io hi molacff7

  • 1.3 6H DG>6>H96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6

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    Ag\il[ w)ko_mnwi ^[ Z9f7Bfc97++ofwol*yZ97++wg_l]c[f++w++h. !wZiHy)A.Aih_m_mwAb**h_him l_f[m})*mihF+[+ ^_gi]l[]c[) ]ihpg ) ff_h]ckh*E[dkwn[g\g+ @_ fiha_) [ _fcgch[i ^[ ko_mni ^im ][gjih_m_m [nl[pm ^[mcfffnwwm`ilg[i _g ionli ncji ^_ [aloj[g_hni mi]c[f j[l_]_ og \ig[oalci j[l[ [ ^_gi]l[]c[+ ?ihno^i) h[m g[cm j_ko_h[m ^_gi]l[]c[m ^[Am][h^chpc[ _ Oo[) im ][gjih_m_m nilh[l[g*m_ j[ln_ ^im mcmn_g[m^_gi]lnc]im) ^_^c][h^i*m_ [ +`ilg[m l[ti[p_fg_hn_ _mj_]c[fct[^[m ^_[alc]ofnol[ ]ig_l]c[f) jlch]cj[fg_hn_ f[nc]hcim) j[l[ im g_l][^im ]cn[*^chim+ Mo[h^i im ][gjih_m_m j[l_]_g+ l_mcmncln_cgim[g_hn_ [ _mm[m[fn_l[_m) ]igi) jil _r_gjfi) h[ h^c[) hi ^c`]cf _f[\il[l og[

    )_rjfc][i _g nilhi ^[m ]cl]ohmnh]c[miwd_ncp[m+Bl_k_hn_g_hn_) `[fn[og[ p_l^[^_cl[ ijilnohc^[^_ j[l[ i$ g_l][^i+ L[l[ ][gjih_m_m ko_pcp_g gocni jlrcgi ^im fcgcn_m^[ _rcmnh]c[`mc][) [ gi^_lhct[i )_pc^_hn_g_hn_) ^_g[mc[^i [llcm][^[) _mj_]c[fg_hn_ m_)]ig [m ]ih^c*_mjl_p[f_]_hn_m) i fo]li `ic jlip[p_fg_hn_ j[l[ ionl_g+ @[) oghp_f ^_ pc^[ _rnl[il^ch[lc[g_hn_ \[cri _ og[ mlc_ ^_ _mj_l[h[mm_l_g i hc]i [domn[g_hni ko_ j[l[ wf_m`[t m_hnc^i) _g n[cm]cl]ohmnh*]c[m+Bch[fg_hn_) ko[h^i [m ]cl]ohmnh]c[mmi ^c`_l_hn_m)ji^_g p_lc`c*][l*m_)jil p_t_m)[fn_l[_m^l[gnc][m hog ]olni _mj[i ^_ n_gji+

    =n [koc) [ ^cmm_ln[w ]ih]_+hnlw_ _g ^o[m |p[lc[hn_m g[cm cg*9jwhn_m7 [m l_f[_m ^[m ]f[mm_mmoj_lcil_m jlijlc_nlc[m ]ig [ gih[l*k oc[ _ [ mol_[i m _rcah]c[m ^[ F;+li^ owZjwl[ i g_l][^i+ Arcmn_+Xog[ n_l]_cl[ p[lc[hn_ cgjiln[hn_ kw _hnw h[ ^cmm_ln[i7[m l_f[* +_m^ [m ]f[mm_mmoj_lcil_m jlijh_nlc[m ]ig im b[\cn[hn_m ^[)m]c^[^_m)

    d&lch]cj[fg_hn_ ]ig [ ][g[^[ moj_lcil) [ ko_ ji^_gim ]b[g[l \olao_*mc$+=m ]ifca[_m _ ]ihn+n++) *]ifca[_mko_wmolacl[ff _hnl__mm_m$^icm alk7 XX$

    ,$* ww$** w w $++++++++++*!Z)i ZZ ,,+: Q* %, Q*ji+m ]ihmhnol[g) _ _g [faog[m j[ln_m ^i goh^i [g^[ ]ihmncno_g) [ Xh,

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    _mnlonol[ \mc]w+~gfdc +%fn_+*Ffo_wl]w wwc]+ +n `ilg[h^i [wohc^[^_m)n_hw_m_Egjmm\cfc^[^_m ^_hnli ^[ ko[f im

    , Y ]b_`_m jifnc]im ng nc^i ko_ [no[l+ Ag n_lgim gocni [gjfim) i himmi,+Ajli\f_g[ j[mm[ [ m_l i ^_ n_hn[l c^_hnc`c][l _mm[mmcno[_mh[m l_f[_m

    _hnl_ [m ]f[mm_mmoj_lcil_m jlijlc_nlc[m _ im b[\cn[hn_m ^[m ]c^[^_m ko_ +]ihnlc\ol[g j[l[ i ^_m_hpifpcg_hni ^_ og[ mi]c_^[^_ l_f[ncp[g_hn_fcpl_) him n_gjim gi^_lhim+

    O_l g_fbil ]ig_[lgim l_]il^[h^i ]_ln[m fchb[m ^_ ]fcp[a_gh[nol[f _hnl_ [ ]c^[^_ _ [ *tih[ lol[f _ ^_hnli ^_mm_m^icm m_nil_m^[jijof[i+ Ag jlcg_cli foa[l) _h]ihnl[*m_ i ]ih`fcni) d`[gcfc[l) ^_chn_l_mm_m_hnl_ [ h_]_mmc^[^_ ol\[h[ ^_ [fcg_hnim \[l[nim _)im jl_im_f_p[^im ^im [lncaim ko_ jli^ot _ i ^_m_di lol[f ^_ [fnim jl_im j[l[ im[fcg_hnim _ \[crim jl_im j[l[ im jli^onim ^[m fid[m ^im [ln_mim _ ^[`\lc][+ Amm_]ih`fcni ji^_l nilh[l*m_ ][^[ p_t g[cm cgjiln[hn_ ]ig i[f[la[g_h ni ^_$og[ _]ihigc[ ^_ g_l][^i+ =m ^c`_l_h[m^_ ]f[mm_m)n[cm]igi [m _rcmn_hn_m_hnl_ m_hbil lol[f _ ][gjihm him ][gjim) p_lc`c][*^[m _hnl_ j[nli _ [mm[f[lc[^i) _hnl_ ^ihi ^_ `\lc][ _ ij_llci h[]c^[^_) [nl[p_mm[g [m fchb[m ^_ ]fcp[a_g lol[cm*ol\[h[m+ Mo[h^i im chn_*l_mm_m^[m ][g[^[m moj_lcil_m ^[ ]c^[^_ _ ^i ][gji ]ihp_la_g ]ihnl[im ][gjih_m_m _ ij_llcim) i l_mofn[^i jlip[p_fg_hn_ ^_m`[pilp_f ^_gi]l[]c[+ ?ihno^i) gocn[ ]icm[ ^_j_h^_ ^[m ]cl]ohmnh]c[m bcmnlc][m_g ko_ n[f `[ni m_p_lc`c][+

    Qg _r_gjfi gocni cgjiln[hn_ ^_ chn_l_mm_m]ihp_la_hn_m _hnl_im m_nil_mg[cm cgjiln[hn_m ^[ [lcmni]l[]c[ jlijlc_nlc[ _ [m ][g[^[mmoj_lcil_m ^im b[\cn[hn_m ^[m ]c^[^_m i]ill_o h[ Ehaf[n_ll[ Po^il _Ono[ln+ =) [ ]ihp_lah]c[ p_lc`c]io*m_ hog[ `[m_ l_]o[^[ hi ]olmi ^[gi^_lhct[i _ _g ]cl]ohmnh]c[mko_ f_p[l[g [g\im im alojim [ ijil**m_ [onilc^[^_ l_[f+ Amn_m[mj_]nim mi ^_ ]lo]c[f cgjilnh]c[ h[ _rjfc*][i ^[m ]ihm_kh]c[m ^_gi]lnc][m+ Ag ]ihnl[mn_ ]ig [ mcno[i ^[Bl[h[ hi g_mgi j_li^i) ih^_ im `[\lc][hn_m m_i]oj[p[g gocni _gjli^otcl [lg[m _ [lncaim ^_ fori j[l[ i l_c _ j[l[ [ [lcmni]l[]c[ ^[ ]iln_)[7 \olao_mc[ chaf_m[ _l[ pcailim[ _ ch^_j_h^_hn_) ]ig chn_l_mm_mg[cm[gjfim hog ]igl]ci ^_ _rjiln[i+

    @i f[^i ^[ hi\l_t[ jlijlc_nlc[ _ ^[ j_ko_h[ hi\l_t[) b[pc[ n[g*\g og[ mlc_ ^_ `[nil_m jlipp_cm+K ]igl]ci ^[ f nchb[ [`_n[^i [tih[ lol[f ^ol[hn_ i m]ofi TRE) _ g_mgi [hn_m)f_p[h^i [ U^S\_cebUcj[l[ i\n_hi ^_ j[mn[a_hm ^_ ][lh_clim+ = ]f[mm_moj_lcil chaf_m[ ]lc[*^il[ ^_ ][lh_clim) _g gchilc[) _g\il[ ch`fo_hn_) h_]_mmcn[p[^[m ]c^[*

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  • 1.5 6H DG>6>H 96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6 >BEA>86oq:H I:pG>86H : EGD?:oq:H 1.6

    ^_mko_ _rjiln[p[g [ f) i ko_ ]ihmncno[og[ mcno[igocni ^c`_l_hn_^[ ^[ =f_g[hb[ Klc_hn[f)ih^_ i ]ofncpi ^_ ]_l_[cm)h[m$gim ^imFoh*e_lm)m_` [tc[ g[la_g ^[m]c^[^_m_g ^_]fhci+$

    = ]ihp_lah]c[ _hnl_ [m]f[mm_mmoj_lcil_mjlijlc_nlcwm_ ol\[h[mh[ Ehaf[n_ll[) [hn_m^[ Co_ll[ ?cpcf)^_ gi^i [ `[pil_]_l [ ][om[ ^[fc\_l^[^_) nigio) _hnl_ im j[m_mg[cmcgjiln[hn_m) og ][ln_lhc]i+

    $P[fp_t [ mcno[ig[cm [gjf[ ^_ ko_ `[tc[ j[ln_ jo^_mm_i]ill_l [j_h[mog[ p_t lc[ bcmnlc[bog[h[7 [ \olao_mc[ chaf_m[)^ _m^_i m]ofi TREE[n al[h^_ j[ln_ ^i m]ofi TET) jm og grcgi ^_ g[n_lc[f _g diaij[l[ [ fc\_l^[^_ bog[h[) jilko_ _l[ [ jlcg_cl[ \olao_mc[ _ [ch^[ hinchb[ f_p[^i) im m_omlcp[cm_mnl[ha_clim_ ^igmnc]im [i m_ogrcgi ji*^_l+ ?ihno^i) ji^_l m_lncf _rjl_mm[l ]_ln[m]ih]fom_m ncl[^[m^[_rj_lch]c[ chaf_m[mi\ [ `ilg[ ^_ bcjn_m_ma_l[cm)`ilgof[^[m mi\l_ [m]ih^c_mh[mko[cm[ ]if[\il[i _hnl_ imm_nil_mcgjiln[hn_m ^[m]f[m*m_mmoj_lcil_m^ [m]c^[^_m_ ^[ tih[ lol[f ji^_lc[ m_l` [pilp_f[i ^_m_h*pifpcg_hni ^[ ^_gi]l[]c[ j[lf[g_hn[l+ ?igi d^cmm_gim) cgjiln[hn_ko_ [ `omi m_p_lc`cko__g ijimci \oli]l[]c[ l_[f+ Qg[ m_aoh^[]ih^ci j[l_]_ m_l[ ^_ im ]b_`_m]ig_l]c[cm _ ch^omnlc[cm_mn[l_g [][gchbi ^_ m_nilh[l_g i _f_g_hni ^igch[hn_ ^[ mi]c_^[^_+J_mn[m]ih^c_m)[m]f[mm_mmoj_lcil_mjlijlc_nlc[mji^_g ]lc[l b\cnim_]ih*gc]im \olao_m_m+Emmimo]_^_hi m LMlmcgjf_mcgcn[i)g[m n[g\g]igi l_[i m ]ih^c_ma_l[cm_ m ]cl]ohmnh]c[m^[ jljlc[ pc^[+Po^i cmnim ji^_ mo]_^_l)[i ko_ j[l +_]_) hog[ `[m_chc]c[f^i ^_m_h*pifpcg_hni _]ihgc]i+ L[l_]_ gocni jio]i jlipp_fko_ _f[mjimm[g m_l_j_ncl _g [faog foa[l hi m]ofi TT+)

    K g[nct \olaomnilh[ g[cm`]cfm]f[mm_mmoj_lcil_mjlijlc_nlc[m)hog[ `[m_ jimn_lcil) g[hn_l im jimnim ^_ ]ig[h^i jifnc]i) hog[mi]c_^[^_ \[mc][g_hn_ \olao_m[) ]igi `ic i ][mi ^[ Ehaf[n_ll[ ^i m*

    )Z]ofi TET+=koc) ji^_g m_lmoa_lc^imnlmionlim `[nil_m cgjiln[hn_m+Qg ^_f_m [ _rcmnh]c[^ _ og al[o mo\mn[h]c[f^ _ [hn[aihcmgi _hnl__f_g_hnim ]ig_l]c[cm _ ch^omnlc[cm_ [m[hnca[m]f[mm_mjlijlc_nlc[m+Km_aoh^i i `[ni ^_ [m]f[mm_mjlijlc_nlc[mg[hn_l_g og[ \[m_ _]ih*gc][ l[ti[p_fg_hn_ `clg_ ++=g\im im `[nil_m cgj_^_g [ `ilg[i ^_og[ mfc^[ `l_hn_ ^_ ijimci ^[m ]f[mm_mmoj_lcil_mm _rcah]c[m^[l_`ilg[) _ _h]il[d[g ]_ln[ ]igj_nci j_fi [jici jijof[l+ Bch[fg_hn_)moacliko_ [ _fcn_jlijlc_nlc[ ^_p_lji^_l nl[hmgcncl[fai ^i m_o[mj_]*ni [lcmni]lnc]im]f[mm_m]ig_l]c[cm _ ch^omnlc[cm+

    Arcmn_[fai g[cmh_mn[nl[hmgcmmi)[fg ^[ chn_lfca[ijil g_ci^[) ko[f og[ jlijlc_^[^_ [hnca[ ji^_ m_l]ihm_lp[^[ j_f[ [fc[h[]ig i

    ^chb_cli hipi+ Amnicgjfc][^[m gocn[mgo^[h[mmoncm^_ [ncno^_ko_)[no[fg_hn_) [j_h[m mi g[f ]igjl__h^c^[m+ Oig_hn_ ]ihb_]_gim []ihm_kh]c[7[m[ncno^_m\olao_m[mng ^_ m_nilh[l g[cm`iln_m)_ hii ]ihnllci) ]igi mo]_^_oh[ =f_g[hb[+ Kmg_][hcmgim jil ko_ _mn[imgim_ m_p_lc`c][ _mnifiha_ ^_ m_l]f[lim+O_g ^pc^[) i mcmn_g[_^o*][]cih[f l_jl_m_hn[ og j[j_f cgjiln[hn_) _g\il[) jil mcm) hi jo*^_mm_m_l^ _]cmcpi+@_og[ _rjfil[i ^[ fcn_l[nol[\cial`c][) ni [\oh*^[hn_ j[l[ [ Ehaf[n_ll[)ji^_lc[ l_mofn[log[ lc][ ]ifb_cn[) h_mm_][gji)[j_m[l ^i n[\o chafm_g l_f[i [ ^cm]omm_m`l[h][m mi\l_ [ _mnlonol[mi]c[f * n[\o _mm_ko_) jil p_t_m) ni `iln_ ]igi [m^cm]omm_m`l[h][mmi\l_ m_ri+Mo[h^i [mfchb[m^ _ ]fcp[a_g mi]c[f)_]ihgc][) l_fcacim[_jifnc][ hi ]ich]c^_g j_l`_cn[g_hn_) g_him jlipp_f ko_ im ]ih`fc*nimm_d[g[j[crih[^im _ al[p_m[i jihni ^_ _r]fol_g og[ l_]ih]cfc[*i^_gi]lnc][+K jl_i ^_mm_mcmn_g[) _pc^_hn_g_hn_)[ j_lj_no[i^_ og[ al[h^_ ^im_^_ [\omi !nif_lp_f!* ko_ jlch]cj[fg_hn_ nif_l*p_f j[l[ imko_ a[hb[g ]ig i mcmn_g[+

    Qg \l_p_ l_f[h]_ mi\l_ i ^_mnchi^[ ]f[mm_][gjih_m[ chaf_m[moa_l_g[cm og[ ]ih^ci ^_ ^_m_hpifpcg_hni ^_gi]lnc]i ko_ \_gji^_ m_l^_]cmcp[jil m_ojljlci ^cl_cni+Ag\il[ [ !mifoi `ch[f$^ [ko_mni ^im ][gjih_m_m!) h[ Ehaf[n_ll[) [nl[pm^im U^S\_cebUc%jimm[hi n_l mc^ini \lon[f io ni l[^c][f ]igi [faohm[onil_m him f_p[l[g [j_hm[l) jio][m ^pc^[mji^_g b[p_l ^_ ko_ im U^S\_cebUc%]igi j[ln_^[ l_pifoi ch^omnlc[f)_fcgch[l[g [ ko_mni ][gjih_m[ ^[ jifnc][chaf_m[+@[) hi b[p_l og l_m_lp[nlci g[]ci ^_ ][gjih_m_m j[l[ m_l*pcl [im `chml_[]cihlcim^[m]f[mm_mmoj_lcil_mjlijlc_nlc[m)]igi mo]_*^_o h[ =f_g[hb[ _ hi F[ji+ A n[g\g hi biop_ [ \[m_ g[]c[ j[l[[ml_pifo_m][gjih_m[m) ]igi mo]_^_oh[ Nmmc[_ h[ ?bch[+ Lil gi*ncpimgocni ^c`_l_hn_m)im Amn[^imQhc^im _m][j[l[g n[g\g jl[a[jifnc][ ^[ ko_mni ][gjih_m[+ = Bl[h[ hi fb_m_m][jio _ [ chmn[\cfc*^[^_ ^[ ^_gi]l[]c[ `l[h]_m[ ^ol[hn_ im m]ofimTET _ TT ) _g j[ln_)^_pc^[ [ _mm_`[ni+

    = ]ih`_mm[^[\lon[fc^[^_ ^im U^S\_cebUcj_*him j_l[hn_ [mfcgcn[*_m^[ jimmc\cfc^[^_^ _ nl[hmc_mj[]`c][m j[l[ [ ^_gi]l[]c[ _ l_]il*^[*himim ]ih`fcnim [\_lnim _ pcif_hnimko_ jl_]_^_l[g i m_o_mn[\_f_]c*g_hni+ l i gig_hni ^_ l_mn[ol[l [ ^c[fnc][ j[l[ him l_]il^[lgim ^ij[j_f ^[ pcifh]c[ l_pifo]cihlc[+Iocn[ ^_mm[pcifh]c[) n[fp_t h[mmo[m][l[]n_lmnc][mg[cmcgjiln[hn_m) n_p_[ mo[ilca_g him jli\f_g[m [al*^im ko_ m_p_lc`c][l[g [i fihai ^[ _mnl[^[ ko_ f_pio ^_gi]l[]c[i]c^_hn[f+ = Co_ll[ ?cpcf chaf_m[]ihnlifio i [\mifoncmgi l_[f _ ^_o

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  • -+) 6H DG>6>H96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6

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    Mo_l m_[]l_^cn_ io hi ko_ _mn_mnlmgipcg_hnim pcif_hnim[orc*fc[l[g io cgj_^cl[g i ^_m_hpifpcg_hni ^[ ^_gi]l[]c[ fc\_l[f _ \ol*ao_m[) ]ihncho[ m_h^i h_]_mmlcil_]ihb_]_l ko_ ]ihmncnol[g j[ln_cgjiln[hn_ ^_ ni^i i jli]_mmi+Lil mcm)i `[ni jlijil]cih[ og[ ]ihmc*^_lp_fdomnc`c][ij[l[ im ^_mcah[lgimjil l_pifo_m\olao_m[mio8 m_i jl_`_lclgim) fc\_l[cm+?ihno^i) bmlc[m^c`c]of^[^_mhi [aloj[g_hni^_ l_pifo_mio) cao[fg_hn_) ^_ ko[cmko_l` _hg_him bcmnlc]imcgjil*n[hn_m+=hn_m^ _ jlimm_aoclgim)]ihpg ^cm]oncl_mn_jihni+

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  • a1// 6H DG>6>H 96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6

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  • 1/5 6H DG>6>H96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6

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    Y^_^Kh_mn_chal_^c_hn_ ^_]cmcpi7og[ ]f[mm_]ig_l]c[f _ ch^omnlc[f ^_lh[*Xmc[^i `l[][ _ ^_j_h^_hn_ j[l[ nig[l i ji^_l _ aip_lh[l jil m_o^cl_cniEwjljlci) _ ko_) jil cmmi)m_f[h[ him \l[im ^[ [lcmni]l[]c[ jlijlc_nlc[* AV ^[ \oli]l[]c[ l_[f) nli][h^i i ^cl_cni ^_ aip_lh[l j_fi ^cl_cni ^_

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    OTbf \Yko_ f_p_ [i ]igohcmgi+ Emmimo]_^_o n[hni h[ Nmmc[]igi h[ ?bch[)$X.X w b33\ [jm _m`ilimm_g rcni j[l[ _mn[\_f_]_l og[ n[f ]ifca[i+ L[l_]_ n[g*Oc4hO \g b[p_l ionli chal_^c_hn_ ko_ _hnl[ h[ mcno[iog jio]i g[cm n[l^_)k "kZV _g l_f[i `ilg[i ^_mm[]ifca[i7 g[cm ]_^i io g[cm n[l^_) im mcm*kK n_g[m ^[ [alc]ofnol[ l_jl_mmcp[^[ gi*^_*i\l[ mi mom]_np_cm^_ _h`l_h*

    wF W&n[l ^c`c]of^[^_m jli^otc^[m j_f[ ]ih]illh]c[ ^_ ionlim g[cm [p[h[^imAQ&2> n_]hc][g_hn_) ^_ ionlim j[m_m+= ]ih]illh]c[ ^[m _rjiln[_m ^_ nlcai

    3 ''%? [g_lc][hi ]lcio ^c`c]of^[^_m _g gocn[m j[ln_m ^[ Aolij[) [jm i `cg ^[OZ(&dM' Co_ll[ ?cpcf+ @_hnli ^i ]ihn_rni ^_ og[ ]ifca[i l_[]cihlc[) _mm[

    ]ih]illh]c[ chn_hmc`c][[m n_h^h]c[m [onilcnlc[m_ l_[]cihlc[m _hnl_og[ ]f[mm_moj_lcil jlijlc_nlc[ ko_ p_lc`c][ ko_ [ mo[ \[m_ _]ihgc][

    ++m_[`oh^[ _) jil cmmi)m_pifn[ j[l[ [m[f[p[h][m jifnc][m [ `cg ^_ ]ihm_l*p[l i m_oji^_l+

    Kh^_ [ fca[i ]ihm_aoco _mn[\_f_]_l*m_)m_aoco*m_og j_li^i jli*fiha[^i ^_ aip_lhi ]ihm_lp[^il _ g_mgi [onilcnlci) m_g) ]ihno^i)][cl hi `[m]cmgi+ =m `lwhn_cl[mbcmnlc][m^_mm_mmcmn_g[m_mni) `l_k_h*n_g_hn_) og n[hni ]ih`om[m+ ?ig og ]f]ofi \[mn[hn_ a_h_limi) ji^_**m_[`clg[l ko_) [ _mn[_mj]c_) j_ln_h]_ i j_li^i ko_ p[c ^_m^_[ml_`il*g[m +On_ch*D[l^_h\_la) h[ =f_g[hb[) [n i `ch[f ^[ Llcg_cl[ Co_ll[Ioh^c[f) _) hi F[ji) ^_m^_ [ ko_^[ ^i riaoh[ni Pieoa[q[ [n .6.5+Amn_maip_lhim [onilcnlcim[^koclcl[g ]_ln[m ][l[]n_lmnc][m ^_gi]lnc*][m7hig_[^[g_hn_ og j[lf[g_hni ]ig ji^_l_m fcgcn[^im+ = mo[ bcmn*lc[ ji^_ m_lg[l][^[ jil n_hn[ncp[mj[l[ [f[la[l [ ^_gi]l[]c[) ko_) hi`ch[f) ]ihm_aoco _mn[\_f_]_l ^_gi]l[]c[m chmnp_cm%[N_j\fc][ ^_ S_c*g[l) i F[ji ^[ ^][^[ ^_ /-) [ Enfc[]ig Ccifcnnc&+Ap_hno[fg_hn_) [jiln[ j[l[ im l_acg_m `[m]cmn[m`ic [\_ln[ j_f[ ch][j[]c^[^_ ^_ _mn[m

    OWhhOw%

    %0&R_l I[lr) HU\USdUTLQb[c%..)

  • 210 6H DG>6>H96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6

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    ^_gi]l[]c[m _h`l_hn[l_g im jli\f_g[m al[p_m^[ ji][ _ [ mo[l_fonh*]c[ io ch][j[]c^[^_ ^_ chnli^otcl [fn_l[_m_mnlonol[cm`oh^[g_hn[cmn(&+Qg `[nil) g[m [j_h[m og) ^[ [h[nigc[ mi]c[f ^_mn_maip_lhim) `ic [l_n_hi ^_ og[ j[ln_ mo\mn[h]c[f^ i ji^_l jifnc]i h[m$gim ^[ _fcn_jlijlc_nlc[) _g pclno^_^[ [omh]c[^_ og[ lojnol[ l_pifo]cihlc[^im][gjih_m_m) _g ]ig\ch[i ]ig [m][g[^[m ol\[h[m+

    =faohm^im aip_lhim m_gcj[lf[g_hn[l_m ko_ molacl[g [ j[lncl ^_m*m[m\[m_m_r_]on[l[g og[ l_pifoi g[cm io g_him j[]`c][) pch^[ ^_]cg[) ko_ gocni im`_t [p[h[l) hi m_hnc^i^ _ m_nilh[l_g j[m_mch^om*nlc[cmgi^_lhim+ = =f_g[hb[ `ic g[cm fiha_ h_mm[^ cl_i) i F[jijio]i g_him) [ Enfc[\[mn[hn_g_him) [ Amj[hb[ gocni jio]i+ Kl[) hi]olmi ^[ gi^_lhct[i [nl[pm ^_ og[ l_pifoi pch^[ ^_ ]cg[) _mm_ Z waip_lhi n_g ^_ _r_]on[l gocn[m^[mn[l_`[ml_[fct[^[m hionlim j[m_m)w.$Ef ^S3'2#$]ig [ wdo^[ ^_ ogw l_pifwi pch^[ ^_ \[criX = wi+i^ _ ko_ og[ )ww w%l_pifoi jijof[l pcif_hn[ _) ^_]_lni gi^i) h_]_mm[lc[j[l[ p[ll_l im =Xw+k53336'O'$TKi\mnnofim!`_o^[cm! ch^omnlc[fct[i joli _lli) ]igi ^_gihmnl[g F8p*+^FF`nim ]olmim^[mbcmnlc[m[f_g _ d[jih_m[+ Lil ionli f[^i) [m]ihm_kh* = %O\h,_ L7Q$2W&]c[m jifnc][m ^i ^_mg[hn_f[l ^[ il^_g) `_cni ^_ ]cg[) mi ^_]c^c^[* X+G&)g35dH!(g_hn_ ^c`_l_hn_m+~ g_^c^[ ko_ jlimm_aoc[g ]ig [ gi^_lhct[i Xw]ihm_lp[^il[) _mn_maip_lhim\m_gcjwF0[+g_hn[l_mn_hn[p[g jl_m_lp[l [_mnlonol[mi]c[f chc]c[f)[jfc][X)^# al[h^_m m__m^_mm[_mnlonol[hi _^c*`cihipi) m_gjl_ ko_ jimmp_f+Kml_mofn[^imnchb[g ]_ln[ m_g_fb[h[

    *********i]i3.e*[*m*][m[m*pc+*nilc7[nl[m]lnglcm ?KfK Ewi^_lh[m]itchb[m _fnh][mg[m )X U,_*]ig \[hb_clim mo`c]c_hn_m_ ][him linim ^_]ilim[g_hn_ _m]ih^c^imjil z%+ )B>$"$&)6nlm^_ j[l_^_m l_]lh*_mno][^[m+Bch[fg_hn_) im _rj_^c_hn_m`[fb[7[g+ G%9_%\\

    Qg[ cgjiln[hn_ mlc_^_ g_^c^[m `ic [ l[]cih[fct[i ^[ il^_gjifnc][+ Ocahc`c]io[ ko_\l[ ^_ ^cpcm_mn_llcnilc[cmnl[^c]cih[cm_ _mn[*%/ *Qh,[ni&\_f_]c^[mb[pc[ fihai n_gji) n[cm]igi i XQ^ `_o^[f hi F[ji _ imAmn[*))ww F^im _ jlch]cj[^im ch^_j_h^_hn_m^ [ =f_g[hb[ _ ^[ Enfc[+?ig _r]_i^i F[ji) [ ko_\l[ hi `ic ]igjf_n[+ I[m) ]ig i n_gji) i aip_lhi]_hnl[f [][\io _mn[\_f_]_h^i og[ `iln_ [onilc^[^_ _ og mcmn_g[[^gc*hcmnl[ncpiohc`ilg_) _ molacl[g og ]^cai ^_ f_cm_ og mcmn_g[^_ nlc\o*h[cmg[cm io g_him ohc`ilg_+ Jip[g_hn_) _g plcimal[om)i Amn[^i

    A ]ihm_aoco ]lc[l og[ gkoch[gcfcn[lmo`c]c_hn_g_hn_ji^_lim[ j[l[ ko_

    %1&= Lifhc[) [ Dohalc[) [ Nilhhc[) [ Amj[hb[ _ g_mgi [ Cl]c[ j[mm[l[g [jlircg[*^[g_hn_ jil _mn[m_kh]c[+?ig \[m_ hog ]ihb_]cg_hni ]ih`_mm[^[g_hn_ ch[^_ko[^i) aimn[*lc[ ^_ [llcm][l [ moa_mni^ _ ko_ [ g[cil j[ln_ ^[ =glc][ H[nch[ ]ihncho[ h[ _l[ ^i aip_lhim_gcj[lf[g_hn[l _ [onilcnlci+

    ,

    >BEA>86oq:H I:pG>86H : EGD?:oq:H 211

    im ^_m_dim^im aip_lh[hn_mm_` ct_mm_gm_hnclh[ [l_h[ ^[ jifnc][ chn_l*h[]cih[f+ A]ihigc][g_hn_) i _mn[\_f_]cg_hni ^_ og aip_lhi ]_hnl[f`iln_ _ [ _fcgch[i^_ \[ll_cl[m chn_lh[mj[l[ i ]igl]ci mcahc`c][p[og[og_hni ^[m^cg_hm_m^ [ ohc^[^_ _]ihgc][ _`_ncp[+O_g _mm_[og_h*ni) [ ^cpcmi^ i nl[\[fbi) h_]_mmlc[ mi]c_^[^_ ch^omnlc[f)hi ji^_lc[_rcmncl)[ g_him ko_ ni^im im j[m_m_mncp_mm_g^cmjimnim[ h_ai]c[lj[]c`c][g_hn_ _hnl_mc+O_h^i i jlcg_cli j[m [ ch^omnlc[fct[l*m_)[ Ehaf[*n_ll[ ]ihm_aoco _rnl[cl i grcgi ^_ g[n_lc[f _ g_l][^im ^i goh^i[]_mmp_f)mcno[i_mm[ko_) al[^o[fg_hn_) m_^_n_lcilio ^ol[hn_ im]ofi TET) ko[h^i ionlim molacl[g _ jli]ol[l[g oncfct[l i Amn[^ij[l[ a[l[hncl imm_omg_l][^im _ `ihn_m^_ [\[mn_]cg_hni+

    =ch^[ ionli [mj_]ni ^[ l[]cih[fct[i ^[ il^_g jifnc][ _mnl_f[*]cih[^i ]ig [ !`[\lc][i! ^_ ]c^[^im ^_hnli ^_ og hipi ncji ^_mi]c_^[^_+Oi h_]_mmlcimmg[mm[m]ihb_]cg_hnim fcn_llcim_ n]hc]imlo^cg_hn[l_m+= _f[\il[i ^_ og mcmn_g[h[]cih[f ^_ _^o][i nl[t)gocni jlip[p_fg_hn_) og ]ih`fcni ]ig [m[onilc^[^_m l_fcacim[m+= f_[f*^[^_ j[l[ ]ig og[ hip[ [\mnl[i) i Amn[^i) n_g ko_ mo\mncnocl[mf_[f^[^_ml_fcacim[mm__mn[mnl[hm]_h^_l_g `lihn_cl[m h[]cih[cm io ]ig*j_ncl_g _hnl_ mcni pcailim[g_hn_ ko_ jimm[g ^_mnlocl[ j[t chn_lh[8KF[ji n_p_[ og jli\f_g[ g_hil ^i ko_ im^[ =f_g[hb[) ^[ Enfc[io^[ Amj[hb[+ ?ihno^i) g_mgi hi F[ji) ]igi ch^c][ i l_h[m]cg_hniog n[hni [lnc`c]c[f ^i HXY^d{%biop_ ^c`c]of^[^_m]ihmc^_lp_cm+L[l[p_h]_l _mm[m^c`c]Qf^[^_m)ji^_ m_lgocni ncf[ _rcmnh]c[^_ og chcgcai_mnl[ha_cli+=mmcg)im [j_fim j[nlcnc]im _ ]ihm_lp[^il_m m nl[^c_mgcfcn[l_m^ [ [lcmni]l[]c[ jlijlc_nlc[ ji^_g p_h]_l [mn_h^h]c[mfi][fcm*n[m_hnl_ _mm_cgjiln[hn_ aloji _ ]ifi][l _g m_aoh^i jf[hi ko[cmko_l_rcah]c[mchmcmn_hn_m^[m][g[^[m g[cm \[cr[m jil og[ j[ln_ hi jl_*pcmn[^im \_h_`]cim ^[ hip[ il^_g%2&+=i _r_]on[l [ n[l_`[ ^_ l[]cih[fc*t[l _ [f[la[l [ il^_g jifnc][) _mm_maip_lhim ^i m]ofi TET _mn[p[g`[t_h^i i nl[\[fbi ko_ i [\mifoncmgi l_[f db[pc[ l_[fct[^i hionlimj[m_m+

    Qg `[ni chn_l_mm[hn_mi\l_ i ]olmi ^[ gi^_lhct[i ]ihm_lp[^il[ [ [j[lci ^_ og[ ]ihmn_f[i^ _ ]b_`_mjifnc]im hinp_cm7?[piol) h[Enfc[8h[ =f_g[hb[) On_ch)D[l^_h\_la _ >cmg[l]e) i g[cm `[gimi ^_ni^im8hi F[ji) imbig_hm ^_ Amn[^i^[ ji][ I_cdc+Ag\il[ [ml[t_m

    ,!9 w

    hhi

    %2&Limmcp_fg_hn_)og ^im gincpim jil ko_ i ]ihm_lp[^il ?[piol n_p_n[hn[m^c`c]of^[*^_m]ig i l_f[ncp[g_hn_ l[^c][f C[lc\[f^c `ic [ `l[ko_t[ ^[mnl[^c_mgcfcn[l_m_hnl_ [ [lcmni]l[*]c[ jlijlc_nlc[ cn[fc[h[+

    p,,

  • ('( 6H DG>6>H 96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6

    m_d[g i\m]ol[m) j[l_]_ jio]i jlipp_f ko_ [ [j[lci ^_ ][j[]c^[^_m ^_aip_lhi m_g_fb[hn_m _g ]cl]ohmnh]c[m m_g_fb[hn_m m_d[jol[ ]ich]c^h*]c[+Pi^im _l[g ]ihm_lp[^il_m ^_hnli ^i _mj_]nli jifnc]i ^i m_on_gji_ ^i m_o j[m) ^_^c][^im gih[lkoc[) ^_]c^c^im [ oncfct*E[]igi ogchmnlog_hni ^_ l_`ilg[) gi^_lhct[i _ ohc`c][i h[]cih[f) _ ][j[t_m^_ i `[t_l_g+ Ag\il[ ni^im `imm_g [lcmni]l[n[m) _l[g ^cmmc^_hn_mio)^_ ]_lni gi^i) _mnl[hbim il^_g [hnca[+ J[ g_^c^[ _g ko_ i m_oj[m*m[^i [lcmni]lnc]i ]ihnlc\oco ]ig b\cnim^_ ]ig[h^i _ pi][i j[l[ [jifnc][) ji^_*m_ n[fp_t ^_n_]n[l og[ ]ihnlc\oci ^im Q^SYU^cbwWY]Uc[allcim j[l[ [ ]ihmnloi ^_ og[ hip[ mi]c_^[^_+ I[m n[g\g b[pc[`iln_m cgjofmim ]ihnllcim+ J[ g_^c^[ _g ko_ _mm_mbig_hm _l[g _mnl[*hbim ^_hnli ^[ [lcmni]l[]c[) ji^_ p_l*m_[ ch][j[]c^[^_ ^_mm[][g[^[j[l[ _h`l_hn[l i ^_m[`ci ^i gohnfi gi^_lhi [j_h[m ]ig im m_oml_]ol*mimchn_f_]no[cm_ jifnc]im+

    Km g[cm \_g*mo]_^c^im ^im l_acg_m ]ihm_lp[^il_m `ct_l[g gocni)hi m [i ^_mnlol_g [ il^_g [hnca[) g[m [i _mn[\_f_]_l_g [ hip[il^_g+ K Amn[^i [orcfcio [ ]ihmnloi ch^omnlc[f ^_ ^cp_lmim gi^imcgjiln[hn_m+ O_lpco ^_ ginil ^_ []ogof[i hi ][jcn[fcmgi jlcgcncpi)]igjcf[h^i l_]olmim _ ^clcach^i*im j[l[ [ ]ihmnloi ^_ `\lc][m+@igc*h[h^i [ gi* ^_*i\l[) n[g\g ^_m_gj_hbio og j[j_f cgjiln[hn_) ^_gi^i [faog chn_cl[g_hn_ l_jl_mmcpi+$Km [lg[g_hnim ]ihmncnol[ ogcgjiln[hn_ _mngofi j[l[ [ ch^mnlc[+K g_mgi mo]_^_o ]ig [m jifnc*][m ^_ n[lc`[m [^o[h_cl[m jlin_]cihcmn[m) Pi^[m _mn[mg_^c^[m) [n ]_lnijihni) cgjfc][p[g l_ncl[l l_]olmim _ j_mmi[m ^[ [alc]ofnol[+ Lil cmmicgjohb[g) ^_ n_gjim [ n_gjim) og[ `iln_ n_hmi ]ifca[i _hnl_ imm_nil_m ^[m ][g[^[m moj_lcil_m fca[^[m [i ]igl]ci _ [alc]ofnol[) [ko[f _l[ [ jlch]cj[f ][l[]n_lmnc][ ^i mcmn_g[jifnc]i+ O_g [ [g_[[ ^_j_lcaim _mnl[ha_clim) jil p_t_m l_[f) jil p_t_m n[fp_t cg[achlc[) jilp_t_m [ch^[) ]igi hi ][mi ^_ >cmg[l]e) ^_fc\_l[^[g_hn_ `[\lc][^[ j[l[`chm ^igmnc]im) im chn_l_mm_m^im jlijlc_nlcim ji^_lc[g n_l mc^i `lom*nl[^im) [i jihni ^_ ]ifi][l_g ni^i i jli]_mmi _g j_lcai+ ?ihno^i)jil mcm) [ [g_[[ _mnl[ha_cl[ hi ji^_ mojiln[l ni^i i j_mi ^[ _rjfc*][i ^_mm_]igjiln[g_hninK+ =m l_]igj_hm[m g[n_lc[cm _ ionl[m * i!fo]li!) h[ fchao[a_g ^im WQ^WcdUbc_ h[ n_ilc[ ^i diai * _l[g \[mn[hn_

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  • 214 6H DG>6>H 96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6

    l[hn_ [faog n_gji) ]ihnlif[l [ mcno[i)_g j[ln_ j_fi `[ni ^_ i gcfcn[*lcmgi [ch^[ hi m_ n_l nilh[^i og `_hg_hi ^_ g[mm[+ H_p[l [ ][\il_`ilg[m _mnlonol[cm]igjf_n[m) cmni ) `[t_l [ nl[hmci j[l[ og[ [alc*]ofnol[ ]ig_l]c[f fo]l[ncp[ m_g [ l_jl_mmi ^[ko_f_m ko_ nl[\[fb[p[g imifi) _ `[t_l i g_mgi ko[hni ch^mnlc[ * hog[ j[f[pl[) oncfct[l [n_]hifiac[ gi^_lh[ l[]cih[fg_hn_ j[l[ i \_g ^im m_l_mbog[him *`c][p[ [fg ^[ pcmi jifnc][ ^_mn_maip_lhimn&+Bch[fg_hn_) _mm_mmcmn_*g[m _mg[a[l[g*m_ hog[ n_hn[ncp[ ^_ _rj[hmi _mnl[ha_cl[) g[m hi[hn_m ^_ n_hn[l_g jijof[lct[l [ l_[i mi\ [ `ilg[ ^_ `[m]cmgi+

    =hn_m ^_ `[f[lgim ^_mn[ `[m_ `ch[f) ]ihpg i\m_lp[l [m n_h^h]c[ml_pifo]cihlc[m g[f*mo]_^c^m hionlim j[m_m+?igi ^cmm_[]cg[ _mn_mh^lig_ l_[]cihlci ji^_ _h]ihnl[l*m_) _g ^_n_lgch[^i jihni) _gni^im im ][mim ko_ _r[gch_c+ R*_lc`c][l i gincpi jil ko_ `[fbio _gionlim j[m_m ji^_l [ao[l [ ]igjl__hmi ^[m ][om[m ^im m_omrcnim+Qg \l_p_ l_f[h]_ [ _mm[mn_h^h]c[m _g j[m_m ni ^c`_l_hn_m ]igi [Ehaf[n_ll[$) [ Nmmc[_ [ h^c[) ji^_l m_lpcl j[l[ m[fc_hn[l cgjiln[hn_mm_g_fb[h[m mo\d[]_hn_m) i]ofn[m mi\ ^cp_lm[m_rj_lch]c[m bcmnlc][m+

    = j[lncl ^im fncgim [him ^[ N_pifoi Bl[h]_m[) [n $]_l][ ^_.5//) [ mi]c_^[^_ chaf_m[ [nl[p_mmio og[ `[m_ l_[]cihlc[ ko_ f_g\l[hi m im ][mim ^_ ko_ `[f[gim) ]igi n[g\g im jli\f_g[m ]ihn_gji*lh_im ^[ ^_gi]l[]c[ [g_lc][h[+ @ol[hn_ [ g[cil j[ln_ ^_mm_m[him) [Ehaf[n_ll[ fonio ]ihnl[ og l_acg_ l_pifo]cihlci _ m_omb_l^_clim8 jilp_t_m) [i ko_ j[l_]_) j_f[ mo[ jljlc[ mi\l_pcph]c[ h[]cih[f+ P[f ]igihim himmimn_gjim) im ^_`_hmil_m ^[ l_`ilg[ ^igmnc][ _l[g c^_hnc`c][*^im ]ig og chcgcai _mnl[ha_cli) l_jl_m_hn[^i ]igi [ _h][lh[i ^_no^i i ko_ _l[ g[o+ P[g\g) ]igi him himmimn_gjim) [ pcifh]c[) [ml_jl_mm_m _ [m nl[c_m[i gipcg_hni l_pifo]cihlci h[ Bl[h[ ^_maim*n[l[g _ ^_m_h]il[d[l[g im j[lnc^lcim chaf_m_m)nilh[h^i g[cm `]cf_g[cm jf[omp_f i nl[\[fbi ^im l_[]cihlcim ^_m_dimim^ _ [j[a[l [m `[m][mko_ [nl[p_mm[p[g i ][h[f+ Am]l_p_h^i h[ ^][^[ ^_ .6/-) i al[h^_ bcm*nilc[^il `l[h]m Afc_ D[fps) ko_ hi ) ^_ gi^i [faog) j_mmi[ ^[^[ [

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    >BEA>86oq:H I:pG>86H : EGD?:oq:H 215

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  • 216 6H DG>6>H96 9>I69JG6 > 96 9kBD8G68>6

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    >BEA>86oq:H I:pG>86H > EGD?:oq:H 217

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  • n[^i%f0&+Diop_ n[g\g og ^_m_hpifpcg_hni ^_ ila[hct[_m j8& wc+][mh[ncpcmn[mbch^om) [faog[m ^[m ko[cmm_aocl[g [ ^cm]cjfch[ [onil*nc][ ^ij[lnc^i nin[fcn[lcmn[ _olij_o+ =nchacl[g i [oa_ ^[ mo[ ch`fo_h]c[ jili][mci ^i ][im _ ^im ginchm ko_ li^_[l[g [ O_j[l[i) ^ol[hn_ imko[cm [do^[l[g [ jligip_l ginchm [hncgoofg[him _ [no[l[g ]igilaim ^_ ^_`_m[ ^[m ]igohc^[^_m bch^om ]ihnl[ [n[ko_m goofg[him)]b_`c[^im) jlip[p_fg_hn_) jil ila[hct[_m m_g_fb[hn_m ^i f[^i goof*g[hi+ =im m_omjlial[g[m `[fn[ ]ihn_^i _]ihgc]i) _ _mn_m$j[l_]_gm_l jlch]cj[fg_hn_ og[ `ilg[ ^_ bch^omlhi gcfcn[hn_ _ r_h`i\i) n_h*n[h^i ]ig\[n_l [ c^c[ _mn_l_incj[^[ ^_ ko_ im bch^om mi j[]`c]im)^cpc^c^im jil ][mn[m_ `l[]im+ =n [ail[) i m_omo]_mmi_f_cnil[f n_g mc^igocni j_ko_hi(F+ 2

    Qg gincpi jimmp_f j[l[ [ `f[ko_t[ ^[ p[lc[hn_ bch^o ^i `[m]cmgi) ?FO;[n [ail[8 ji^_ m_l[ `l[ag_hn[i ^i goh^i bch^o _g ][mn[m)]f[mm_m_ QTO>))( dfchb[m nhc][m+ =mmcg)og[ ][gj[hb[ ][l[]n_lcmnc][g_hn_ `[m]cmn[)^ clc* ?Xw wac^[ [ og ^_n_lgch[^i m_nil) clc[ ]ihnl[cl ionlim) _hko[hni ko_ og[ w+Z][gj[hb[ g[cm a_l[f) ]ig og ]_lni nig ^_ j[h*bog[hcmgi ohcp_lm[f) w*i*]ig_[lc[ [ j_l^_l ko[fc^[^_m `[m]cmn[m+= _mm_l_mj_cni) p[f_ [ j_h[ *i\m_lp[l ko_ ko[m_ ni^im im alojim _rnl_gcmn[m bch^om m_ijom_l[g chni][\cfc^[^$_ _ [ ionlim ch]ihp_hc_hn_m mi]c[cm^[m ][mn[m%f2&+= jlch]c*

    , ,j[f l[ti) ]ihno^i) jlip[p_fg_hn_ i mcgjf_m `[ni ^_?[h^bc dm_b[p_l [jlijlc[^i ^i m_hncg_hni [hnc_mnl[ha_cli _ [hnc][Acn[fcmn?E_al[h^_m g[mm[m^[ jijof[i7 im ][h8jh_m_m _ [ln_mim ^[m ch^mnlc[m][m_cl[m+Jwm$]ih^_m ]lc[^[m j_f[ i]oj[i \lcnhc][) ]ihm_aoco fca[l_mm_mm_hncg_hnim [im chn_l_mm_m*^_og [gjfi m_nil ^[ ]f[mm_]ig_l]c[f+Lil ionli f[^i) [ _fcn_jlijlc_nS[;johb[*m_ a_l[fg_hn_+a_ f[^i+ =mmcg)[m n_h^h]c[m l_[]cihlc[m `il[g `iln_m h[ h^c[ _w[l[g [ :nl[m[l ijlial_wmi _]ihgc]i ^_m^_ [ ch^_j_h^h]c[+ I[m) ]igi `_hg_him ^_g[mm[) im g[cil_m gipcg_hnim j_ln_h]_g [ og[ _mj]c_ bcmnlc][ ^cm*nchn[ ^i `[m]cmgi+

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  • 11/ 6H DG>6>H 96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6

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  • ((( 6H DG>6>H96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6

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  • 113 6H DG>6>H 96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6

    nihm ^_ og[ [ncno^_ lighnc][ j_l[hn_ [ pc^[ lol[f+ I_mgi [mmcg)[ mo[+[ncno^_ j_l[hn_ im jli\f_g[m [allcim_ [ mi]c_^[^_ lol[f hi ch^c][ imfcgcn_mko_ im j_hm[^il_m fc\_l[cm nchb[g [nchac^i h[m mo[mji][m+ L[l[ko_ _mm[mc^c[mm_lpcmm_gim `chml_[]cihlcim hi m]ofi TT) ncp_l[g ko_nig[l og hipi ]ifilc^i _)[j[l_]_l mi\ og hipi ]ihn_rni8 [ ^_`_m[ ^in8w\[fbi ^cfca_hn_ _ ^[ j_ko_h[ jlijlc_^[^_ hi m]ofi TT n_g og mca*hc`c][^i jifnc]i chn_cl[g_hn_ ^c`_l_hn_ ^i ko_ nchb[ _g g_[^im ^im]ofi TET io `chm^ i m]ofi TREEE+

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    114

    p,n

  • ((, 6H DG>6>H96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6 >BEA>86oq:H I:pG>86H : EGD?:oq:H ((-

    ][gjih_m_m mi\ i cgj[]ni ^i ]igl]ci _ ^[ ch^mnlc[+Kh^_ _mm[^ _n_*lcil[i m_p_lc`c][l _g) _m][f[ hinp_f) j[l_]_ jf[omp_f ]ihn[l ]ig gi*pcg_hnim l_pifo]cihlcim+ I[cm og[ p_t i ][mi ^[ h^c[ jlijil]cih[ ogn_mn_ncf) _mj_]c[fg_hn_ ko[h^i ]igj[l[^i ]ig i ^[+?bch[) Ji bch^c][_m ^_ ko_ [ ^_n_lcil[i ^[ jimci _]ihgc][ ^im ][gjih_m_m^[ h^c[ n_hb[ mc^i jcil ^i ko_ [ ^im ]bch_m_m)^ ol[hn_ im m]ofim TET _TT+ =m jlip[m _mni fiha_ ^_ m_l j_l`_cn[m) _g [g\im im ][mim+Diop_)^_ `[ni) f_p[hn[g_hnim fi][cm _ ch_`c][t_m ^im ][gjih_m_m ^[ h].+ ?ih*no^i) [fn[g_hn_ cgjlipp_f ko_ [ ^c`_l_h[) m_d[_f[ ko[f b33%m_d[[^_*ko[^[ j[l[ domnc`c][l i ]ihnl[mn_ hi ]igjiln[g_hni jifnc]i ^im ][g*jih_m_m ]bch_m_m_ ch^c[him) ^ol[hn_ i fncgi m]ofi _ g_ci+ @[^i ko__mm[m^c`_l_h[ml_]o[g j[l[ ionlim m]ofim) nilh[*m_ _pc^_hn_ ko_ og[mcgjf_m _rjfc][i _]ihgc][ hi m_lp_+

    8 Li^_*m_ i\d_n[l ko_ _mn[`ilg[ ^_ _rjfc][i _]ihgc][ ^_g[*mc[^i mcgjf_m+ Ji ji^_lc[ mo]_^_l ko_) hi [j_h[m og ^_]fhci ^[mcno[i g[n_lc[f ^im ][gjih_m_m) g[m og[ [g_[[ g[]c[ [ ni^i i m_ogi^i ^_ pcp_l) m jljlc[m `oh^[_m ^[ _rcmnh]c[ ][gjih_m[ w jli*jlc_^[^_) `[gfc[ _ l_fcaci * `ct_mm_g molacl og[ mcno[il_pifo]cih*lc[< Qg[ p_t g[cm) [m jlip[m mi hcnc^[g_hn_ h_a[ncp[m+Ji `il[g im][gjih_m_m chaf_m_m)f[h[^im ^_lcp[$ jil ][om[ ^im U^S\_cebUc%ko_ m_)f_p[hn[l[g _g l_pifn[ g[]c[) g[m mcg im `l[h]_m_m) ko_ _mn[p[g [j_h[m

    $[g_[[^im jil _f_m+= mi]c_^[^_ ][gjih_m[ lomm[) _g .6.4) _mn[p[chn[]n[+ I[cm og[ p_t) ]igi n_l_c ][mci ^_ ^ct_l g[cm [^c[hn_) h_mn_][jnofi) hi `il[g im ][gjih_m_m ^[ =f_g[hb[ Klc_hn[f) ]igjlcgc^imj_f[ l_[i m_hbilc[f _ j_f[ l_chnli^oi ^[ m_lpc^i) ko_ m__lao_l[g_g m[hal_hn[ l_pifn[ hi m]ofi TRE) g[m mcg im ^i Oof _ ^i K_mn_)ko_g[hnchb[g _ [gjfc[p[g [n i m_o[hncai gi^i ^_ pcp_l+J[ l_[fc^[^_) g_mgi [ bcjn_m_ ijimn[ [ ko_ g[cm m_ [jlircg[ ^[ p_l^[^_) ]igip_l_gim ijilnoh[g_hn_+

    ) @[ nl[^ci lighnc][ _ ]ihm_lp[^il[ ^i m]ofi TET mola_ ionl[n_m_`[gcfc[l) [ ^_ ko_) ko[h^i i [lcmni]l[n[ pcp_ hi ][gji _hnl_ imm_om][gjih_m_m) bg_him jli\[\cfc^[^_m ^_ l_pifn[m ][gjih_m[m al[*p_m^i ko_ ko[h^i _f_ j[mm[ [ [g[l i fori _ [ pcp_l h[) ][jcn[f+ O ]ih*nl[mn_m_hnl_ i ^_mnchi ^im [lcmni]l[n[m `l[h]_m_m _ chaf_m_)^ol[hn_ im]ofi TREEE_ TET j[l_]_g _mn[l h[ ilca_g ^_mm[hii++?ihno^i) im_hbil lol[f lommi ^i m]ofi TET j[mm[p[ ]ig `l_kh]c[ og[ al[h^_j[ln_ ^_ mo[ pc^[ h[ mo[ jlijlc_^[^_) `[ni ko_ hi cgj_^co im ][gjih_*m_m^ _ ko_cg[l_g im mif[l_m _) `ch[fg_hn_) [`[mn[l i TUf_bYQ^cdf_ ^i

    $j[f]i bcmnlc]i+ I_mgi _g l_f[i jljlc[ Bl[h[) [ n_m_ ^opc^im[+

    = chp_mnca[i gi^_lh[ ^_gihmnlio ko_) ^_ gi^i [faog) [ nin[fc^[^_^[ hi\l_t[ pcpc[ h[ ]iln_8 gocnim hi\l_m f_p[p[g pc^[m gil[fg_hn__r_gjf[l_m h[ tih[ lol[f+

    = hii ^_ ko_ og al[h^_ jlif_n[lc[^i lol[f ^_ gi*^_*i\l[ m_gn_ll[m og[ `ihn_ jin_h]c[f ^_ chmoll_ci _ l_pifoi ji^_ [jlircg[l**m_og jio]i g[cm ^[ p_l^[w_7=m _hilg_m ^cg_hm_m _ [ _mj[hnim[gcml%`jwifnccE[f*8w. ^[ h^c[ j[l_]_g ji^_l l_`on[l _mm[n_m_+Iocnim ^_mn_m][gjih_m_m _mni) jil ionli f[^i) fca[^im [i mcmn_g[jl_*p[f_]_hn_) j_f[ jimm_ ^_ og gchm]ofi j_^[i ^_ n_ll[ _ j_fi mcmn_g[^_ ][mn[m+Kh^_ _mm_mf[im m_ko_\l[l[g iohoh][ _rcmncl[g) ]igi h[m_]ihigc[m ^_ jf[hn[i ]ig gi*^_*i\l[ ]ihnl[n[^[ gocni \[l[n[) ^_l[[ ^c`_l_hn_) io ^_ _m]l[pim) [m jimmc\cfc^[^_m ^_ chmoll_ci mi gocnig[cil_m+ Ag\il[ im jlijlc_nlcim ^_ _m]l[pim ^i mof^im Amn[^im Qhc^imj[l_[g n_l nc^i l_]_cim _r[a_l[^im) biop_ \ihm gincpim j[l[ n_g_l [chmoll_ci7 h[ [hnca[ Nig[) hi D[cnc _ _g ionlim jihnim ^[m ?[l[\[m)^ol[hn_ im m]ofim TREEE_ TET8 _g ]_ln[m j[ln_m ^[ Amj[hb[) him n_g*jim gi^_lhim) _) gocni l_]_hn_g_hn_) h[m jf[hn[_m ^_ [][l ^_?o\[+ I[m) _g\il[ [ bcjn_m_ _rcacmm_og[ chp_mnca[ig[cm ]oc^[^im[j[l[ ml ]ill_n[) hi _rjfc][lc[ ][mim bcmnilc][g_hn_ mcahc`c][ncpim+J_*hbog jlif_n[lc[^i lol[f ^_mm_ncji n_p_ ch`foh]c[ h[m l_pifo_m lomm[m^_ .6-2 _ .6.4%.&+ Ag\il[ i ][mi ]bchm _mn_d[g_him \_g ^i]og_h*n[^i _ n_hb[g mc^i cgjiln[hn_m [ im \[h^im ^_ ][gjih_m_m p[a[\oh*^im [`[mn[^im ^[m mo[mn_ll[m jil gincpim ^cp_lmim)im gipcg_hnim l_pi*fo]cihlcim ^_ .6/4 _ .616 hi l_mofn[l[g ^_ og jlif_n[lc[^i lol[fnl[\[fb[h^i _g al[h^_m jlijlc_^[^_m+ J_g `ic _mm_i ][mi him gipc*g_hnim l_pifo]cihlcim ^i m]ofi TET+ ?igi _rjfc][i a_l[f) _mm[]ih]_ji hi m_lpc[)mcgjf_mg_hn_+ +

    Boach^i ^[m _rjfc][_m g[n_lc[cm) ji^_l[gim pifn[l*him) h[nol[f*g_hn_) j[l[ bcjn_m_mmi\l_ i j[j_f ^[ l_fcaci+ ~ jlcg_cl[ pcmn[)j[l_]_og ][gchbi jlig_n_^il+ K bch^omgi ji^_lc[ _rjfc][l gocni \_g [j[mmcpc^[^_ ^im ][gjih_m_m ch^c[him+ @_ gi^i g[cm a_l[f) og[ ]imgi*fiac[ ilahc][ ko_ ]ih`_lcmm_ f_acncgc^[^_ [i j[j_f ^[m ]f[mm_maip_lh[h*n_m)]ih]_\c^[ hog[ n_ilc[ ^_ b[lgihc[ ^i Qhcp_lmi ko_ ^_mm_h`[m_ l_mcah[i _ []_cn[i ^i ^_mnchi ch^cpc^o[f) ji^_lc[) ]ih]_\cp_fg_h*n_) ]ihmncnocl og `iln_ cgj_^cg_hni j[l[ [ chmoll_ci _ j[l[ [ l_pifn[)m_im ][gjih_m_m []_cn[mm_g [mmo[mhilg[m+ =koc) mla_ cg_^c[n[g_hn_og[ ^c`c]of^[^_+ P[cml_fcac_mmi jli^oni ^_ ]f[mm_mol\[h[m _ m[]_l^i*

    %.&Ni\chmih) _g GebQ\GeccYQ%j+ /-3) _rjf]cni h_mn_jihni +

    ,,c

  • -.) 6H DG>6>H96 9>I69JG6 : 96 9:BD8G68>6

    n[cm+= _rn_hmi ^[ mo[ []_cn[i _hnl_ im ][gjih_m_m jli\f_gnc][+Ag a_l[f) [ _rcmnh]c[ ^_ og[ mo\]ill_hn_ ^_ ]l_h[ ^EO!nchcc^[ ^[m][g[^[m ]ofn[m) `l_k_hn_g_hn_ _g m_hnc^i ijimni) ][l[]n_lct[ [m mi]c_*^[^_m ][gjih_m[m+ L[mm[^im p_l\[fg_hn_ ^_ a_l[i _g a_l[i) m im`l[ag_hnim ^_mn[ nl[^ci mo\n_llh_[ _h]ihnl[g jlip[p_fg_hn_ l_acm*nli bcmnlc]i) _) gocni jimmcp_fg_hn_) ^_ `ilg[ ^cmnil]c^[+

    I_mgi h[ h^c[) _h]b[l][^[ _g l_fcaci) bhog_lim[m ch^c][_m^_ og[ _mj[fb[^[ bimncfc^[^_ ]ihnl[ im \lg[h_m+ Limmcp_fg_hn_) im][gjih_m_m ch^c[him _ ionlim []l_^cn[g h[ _`c]ch]c[ ^[ g[ac[ _ ^ilcno[f _g mc)_hko[hni ko_) mcgofn[h_[g_hn_) m_l_mm_hn_g ^[ jl_m_h[^i [a_hn_ bog[hi ko_ _r_]on[ im lcno[cm_ ^im jl_im ko_ _f_ _rca_ j_f[mo[ _r_]oi+ Oolacl[g) ]f[h^_mnch[g_hn_) n[hni h[ Aolij[ ]igi h[mc[) jil f[laim j_li^im) gipcg_hnim j[l[ [][\[l ]ig im m[]_l^in_m)[nchach^i []_mmi ^cl_ni ^cpch^[^_ _ `ihn_ ^_ g[ac[ _) ^_ p_t _gko[h^i) _rjl_mm[h^i*m_ ^_ `ilg[ b_lnc][ _ l_\_f^_+ = _mm_l_mj_cni)chn_l_mm[]ihb_]_l [m ]cl]ohmnh]c[m ko_ nilh[g im ][gjih_m_m l_]_jnc*pim [ _mm_mgipcg_hnim) _g ]_ln[m ji][m) _ hi l_]_jncpim _g ionl[m+P[g\g hi ]ihmncno_g og []igj[hb[g_hni ohcp_lm[f ^im f_p[hn[*g_hnim ][gjih_m_m g[cm cgjiln[hn_m+ D jio]im mch[cm^ _ ko[fko_l]igjih_hn_ l_fcacimi h[m j_lnol\[_m ^_ ][gjih_m_m ko_ jl_]_^_l[g_ []igj[hb[l[g [ N_pifoi Bl[h]_m[) J[ N_pifoi Nomm[) [fn[*g_hn_ cgjlipp_f ko_ [m hi_m l_pifo]cihlc[m ^[m ]c^[^_m) l_fcacim[mio m_]of[l_m+c+`imm_g^_ ko[fko_l cgjilnh]c[+ C+ P+ Ni\chmih) hi m_o_mno^i ^[ pc^[ ][gjih_m[ lomm[ [n_m ^_ .6.4) ch^c][ ko_ [m ]ill_hn_ml_fcacim[m _ ionl[m ]ill_hn_m chn_f_]no[cm)pch^[m ^i _rn_lcil [i _h]ihnli^im ][gjih_m_m) m__h]ihnl[p[g) h[ mo[ nin[fc^[^_) ^i f[^i ^i ]ihm_l*p[^ilcmgi) _ h_a[ _h_lac][g_hn_ i j[j_f ^[m c^c[m)l_pifo]cihlc[m jli*p_hc_hn_m ^[m ]c^[^_m$@+ l ]ih_\p_f ko_ g[cil chp_mnca[i jimm[ pcl [l_p_f[l i j[j_f ^[m nl[^c_m mo\n_llh_[m jljlc[m ^im ][gjih_m_m) _h*pifn[m _g n_lgim l_fcacimim+ ?ihno^i) j[l[ n_l mcahc`c][^i) og[ n[f_rjfc][i) hi ][mi ^[ Nmmc[ io ^_ ko[fko_l mi]c_^[^_) _rca_ ch`ilg[*_mmi\l_ i gi^i jil ko_ _mm[mc^c[m _mn[p[g l_f[]cih[^[m ]ig ]cl*

    )]ohmnh]c[m mi]c[cm]ih]l_n[m+ = l_fcaci) jil mcm) hi `ilh_]_ [ ]b[p_+C++ K ^_`_cni ^_ ni^[m _mn[mbcjn_m_m l_mc^_ hi `[ni ^_ _f[m `cr[l_g^_g[mc[^[g_hn_ [ [n_hi him ][gjih_m_m+ Qg[ l_`f_ri gig_hnh_[mi\l_ i ]olmi ^_ ko[fko_l l_\_fci jl*ch^omnlc[f _mj_]`c][ l_p_f[ ko_hi m_ji^_ jli]ol[l _hn_h^*E[ m_g ]igj[l[i ]ig [m [_m^[m _f[m*

    %,&E_\MWGeccYQ%j+ .11+

    >BEA>86oq:H I:pG>86H : EGD?:oq:H 12.

    m_mmoj_lcil_m ko_) _g al[h^_ g_^c^[) [m jlipi][l[g+ Konl[ ][l[]n_lm*nc][ hinp_f ^[m l_\_fc_m h[m mi]c_^[^_m [allc[m [ mo[ n_h^h]c[ j[l[nig[l_g i ][ln_l ^[ mi]c_^[^_ ]ihnl[ [ ko[f m_l_pifn[l[g+ Jim n_g*jim gi^_lhim) _mm[n_h^h]c[ i\m]ol_]c^[) jilko_ [m l_\_fc_m \_g**mo]_^c^[mng mc^i i jl_f^ci ^_ og[ chp_lmi nin[f _ pcif_hn[ ^_ ni^[[ mi]c_^[^_+ J[m l_pifn[m ][gjih_m[m [hn_lcil_m _l[ gocni g[cm _pc^_hn_+Km chmoll_nim fon[g j_f[ l_mn[ol[i ^[ !f_c [hnca[!) ]igi h[ 7QeUb^&[bYUW%j_fi !]t[l p_l^[^_cli! io j_fi !]t[l \ig!) him gipcg_hnimlommim+J[ ?bch[ nl[^c]cih[f) i l_mofn[^i$ `ic! `l_k_hn_g_hn_) [ mo\mnc*noci ^[ og[ ^ch[mnc[ ^_][^_hn_ jil ionl[ hip[ _ pcailim[) io m_d[)og[ l_mn[ol[i _mm_h]c[fg_hn_ ]ig [ g_mg[ _mnlonol[ mi]c[f+ =hn_m ^_i\m_lp[lgim im ][gjih_m_m) n_l_gim ko_ i\m_lp[l ni^[ [ mi]c_^[^_+

    P_h^i _g pcmn[ _mn[m]ihmc^_l[_m) ji^_gim jl [ ko_mni ^_]_lnim ncjim ^_ mi]c_^[^_m [allc[m_ jl*gi^_lh[m _mn[l_g g[cm mod_cnim[ chmoll_c_m_ l_\_fc_m ][gjih_m[m ^i ko_ ionlim _ ko[cm [m ][l[]n_*lmnc][m _mnlonol[cm ko_ [do^[g [ _rjfc][l [m ^c`_l_h[m+K ]ihnl[mn__hnl_ [ h^c[ _ [ ?bch[ mo`c]c_hn_ j[l[ ^_gihmnl[l ko_ _rcmn_g ^c`_*l_h[m _ ko_ _f[m ng jlifiha[^[m ]ihm_kh]c[m jifnc][m+ @_ gi^im_g_fb[hn_) [ _rcmnh]c[ ^_ og[ mo\mn[h]c[f n_hn[ncp[ ^_ l_pifn[ ][gji*h_m[ h[ h^c[ * [ ^_ Ds^_l[\[^) _g .615 *) g_mgi jih^i ^_ f[^iionlim gipcg_hnim g_hil_m) moa_l_ `iln_g_hn_ ko_ h_hbog[ _mnlonol[mi]c[f ji^_ _mn[l nin[fg_hn_ cgoh_ m n_h^h]c[m l_pifo]cihlc[m ]lc[^[mhi ]olmi ^[ gi^_lhct[i+ Lil ionli f[^i) ]_ln[m m