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1 Compostagem em Escala Industrial 06 e 07 de outubro de 2016 Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos na Europa e seus beneficios agronômicos Florian Amlinger „100 - 1 st Zero Waste & Organic Cycle Organisation‟, Austria

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Page 1: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

1

Compostagem em

Escala Industrial 06 e 07 de outubro de 2016

Mercado e comercialização

dos fertilizantes orgânicos

na Europa e seus

beneficios agronômicos Florian Amlinger

„100 - 1st Zero Waste

& Organic Cycle Organisation‟, Austria

Page 2: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

2

Soil Organic Matter – the Key to Biodiversity & Sustainable Soil Use

Page 3: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

The End of Waste Project for Biodegradable

Waste

3

Page 4: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

The End of Waste Project for Biodegradable

Waste

4

INPUT

Materials

Treatment

Process

Provision

of

Information

Quality

Assurance

EoW Criteria

Requirement

s

Product

Quality

NO Mixed Waste

NO Municipal

Sewage

Sludge

non-contaminated … from separate

collection of bio-waste,

biodegradable residues from

agriculture (including manure),

forestry, fishery and horticulture, or

any such previously composted or

digested material.

3

Time/Temperature

profiles for

composting

Page 5: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Draft EU Fertiliser Regulation (2)

Composting - process requirements

NO physical contacts between input and output

materials shall be avoided, including during storage.

Controlled decomposition predominantly aerobic

temperatures suitable for thermophilic bacteria

regular and thorough moving correct sanitation and

homogeneity

Temperature-time profiles for All parts of each batch :

65°C or more for at least 5 days,

60°C or more for at least 7 days, or

55°C or more for at least 14 days.

5

Page 6: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Draft EU Fertiliser Regulation (2)

Anaerobic Digestion - process requirements NO physical contacts between input and output materials shall be

avoided, including during storage.

Controlled decomposition predominantly anaerobic

Temperatures suitable for thermophilic or mesophilic bacteria

Regular and thorough moving sanitation and homogeneity

Temperature-time profiles for all parts of each batch :

Thermophilic process: 55 °C

24 h hydraulic retention: 20 d

+ pasteurisation: 70 °C 1 h

followed by composting of digestate

Mesophilic process: 37-40°C

+ pasteurisation: 70 °C 1 h

followed by composting of digestate

6

Page 7: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

7

SOLID ORG. FERTILISER [compost]

SOIL IMPROVER [compost]

LIQUID ORG. FERTILISER [digestate]

Dry matter % Fresh Matter > 40% < 40%

N total % Fresh Matter ≥ 2.5 % ---. ≥ 2 %

P2O5 total % Fresh Matter ≥ 2% --- ≥ 1%

K2O total % Fresh Matter ≥ 2% --- ≥ 2%

Org. CARBON % Fresh Matter ≥ 15% ≥ 7.5% ≥ 5%

Stability

OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE

mmol O2/kg organic matter/h ≤ 25 mmol ≤ 50 mmol

SELF HEATING FACTOR Rottegrad III (40 - 50 °C) ---

Residual Biogas Potential

Litre biogas / g volatile solids --- --- 0,45 l biogas

Page 8: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Compost Maturity / Stability OXITOP - O2 Consumption Test:

mmol O2 / kg volatile solids * h NL BE

Very unstable > 30 > 26

Unstable 15 - 30 16 - 25

Moderately stable --- 11 - 15

Stable 5 - 15 11 - 10

Very / completely stable < 5 < 5

8

10

20

30

40

0

Veeken et al., Wageningen

University & NMI, 2003

Irish composts

Page 9: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

9

SOLID ORG. FERTILISER [compost]

SOIL IMPROVER [compost]

LIQUID ORG. FERTILISER [digestate]

Cd (mg/kg d.m.) 1.5 3

(+ growing medium) 1.5

Cr (mg/kg d.m.) CrVI: 2

Hg (mg/kg d.m.) 1

Ni (mg/kg d.m.) 50 (growing medium: 100)

Pb (mg/kg d.m.) 120 (growing medium: 150)

Cu (mg/kg d.m.) DECLARE ABOVE 200 mg

Zn (mg/kg d.m.) DECLARE ABOVE 600 mg

PAH16* (mg/kg d.m.) 6

Biuret (C2H5N3O2) (g/kg d.m.) 12 --- 12

Salmonellae ABSENT in 25 g

E. coli OR Entercoccaceae < 1000 CFU/g fresh mass

Impurities (glass, metal,

plastics) in > 2 mm (% d.m.)

NOW: < 0,5 % AFTER 8 YEARS: < 0,25 %

Page 10: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Precautionary Quality Criteria – Heavy Metals

mg/kg d.m. Food Production Restricted Use

“Quality Compost”

CLASS ‚A+„

“Quality

Compost”

CLASS ‚A„ Draft EU

Fertiliser

Regulation

“Compost”

CLASS ‚B„

“MSW Compost”

ANY CLASS

Biological

Agriculture

Agriculture

general

Non-Food

Landscaping

Landfill

reclamation

Cadmium (Cd) 0.7 1.0 1.5 – 3.0 3.0

Chromium (Cr) 70 70 Cr-VI: 2.0 250

Copper (Cu) 70 150 DECLARATION:

>200

500

DECLARATION: >400

Mercury (Hg) 0.4 0.7 1.0 3.0

Nickel (Ni) 25 60 50 100

Lead (Pb) 45 120 120 200

Zinc (Zn) 200 500 DECLARATION:

> 600

1800

DECLARATION: >1200

Austrian Standard as compared to the draft EU Fertiliser Regulation (2016)

Page 11: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Heavy metals in compost from

bio-waste / sewage sludge / mixed waste

11

Source: JRC Study End of Waste criteria for biodegradable waste

Page 12: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Physical impurities in different composts

12

Mixed waste compost

Sewage sludge

compost

Bio-waste compost

Source: JRC Study End of Waste criteria for biodegradable waste; 2014

Page 13: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Quality Criteria for COMPOST

growing media, bagged … 25% compost 90% - 100% performance

private gardening … 50% compost 80% - 90% performance

Cress (Lepidium sativum) & Chinese cabbage

Plant response / germination test!

Page 14: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 16

“Key advantages of

COMPOST FERTILISATION confirmed”

Higher WATER

RETENTION capacity

reduces impacts of

weather extremes

Increased soil

TEMPERATURES

Improves plant

growth in spring

More STABLE SOIL

STRUCTURE

better infiltration

better workability

Higher NUTRIENT

SORPTION capacity

Increased nutrient

availability

PHYTOSANITARY

effect

Suppression of soil

born plant diseases

Enhancing soil

BIODERVISITY

increases

transformation

Reduced susceptibility

for EROSION

Reduced soil loss

Better WORKABILITY

of soil

reduces energy

consumption

Soil conservation &

improvement through

COMPOST

fertilisation

Bundesgütegemeinschaft Kompost e.V., 2005

Page 15: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 17

Page 16: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 18

• Plants provide up to 25% of the photosynthesis process for their

symbiontic microorganisms in the rhizosphere –

• guess the evolution did not make a mistake with this interaction?!

• The root sphere contains 50-times the microbial colonisation than the

environment soil !

Page 17: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 19

10 µm

Prof. W.W. Blum Foto: Blum, W.W.

0 200 400 600 800 1000

sand

loam

clay

soil

humified org. matter

< 0.1

0.1 - 1

5 - 400

5 - 500

800 - 1000

[m²/g]

Page 18: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 21

Soil C Stocks & Dynamics

< 1 % Corg 1 - 2 % Corg

14 % 34 %

Total 48 %

Mediterr. 75 %

Page 19: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 22

Soil Carbon Dynamics and Soil Management

Organic vs conventional farming (Germany, Hülsbergen)

+ 0.2% Corg + 9 t C/ hectare

300 to 500 kg C build-up / year

Page 20: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Lal, 2008

Key agricultural practices supporting

C-sequestration in in soils

Page 21: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

24

Organic Matter Increase in

Compost Fertilised Soils

Kluge et al.

(2008) Input of Organic Matter with compost

ferrtilisation (t/ha dry matter)

Incre

ase

of

So

il O

rgan

ic M

att

er

(%)

Trend increase

Soil Organic Matter [SOM]

=0.012xSOM; R² = 0.43

Page 22: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Humus effect: 14 years compost field trial „STIKO“ VIENNA

Compost (t ha-1; FM)

N from fertilizer (kg ha-1)

(average of 14 years)

C1 8 C2 14 C3 20

N1 26 N2 41 N3 57

O - -

Source:

Page 23: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

0

1

2

3

4

O BK1 BK2 BK3 N1 N2 N3 N1BK1 N2BK1 N3BK1 N1BK2 N1BK3

compost

fertilization mineral

fertilization combined fertilization

without

fertilization

%

Quelle: LBI

Humus content in % after 14 years of

comparative compost/mineral fertlisation

Source:

„STIKO“ field trial, Vienna

Page 24: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

O C1 C2 C3 N1 N2 N3

Hu

mu

s b

ala

nce

(kg

C h

a-1

y-1

)

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Source:

Humus BALANCE after 14 years of

comparative compost/mineral fertlisation

compost

fertilization

mineral fertilization

without

fertilization

Page 25: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 28

Carbon distribution in

humic fractions

Fließbach et al. (2000)

21 years DOC- trial FiBl CH

„Humines, the most stable

humic fraction, are

significantly increased in

bio-dyn manure

compost plots“

C distribution in humic fractions g Corg / kg soil

Page 26: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 29

Bild-up of Stable Aggregates

21 Jahre DOK- trial FiBl, CH Alföldi et al.

2000

„In soils treated with

bio-dyn Manure

Compost stable macro

aggregates are increased

by 20 to 30 % “

Aggregate Stability

(% stable aggregates

>250µm

Page 27: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 30

Effect of compost on pore size distribution of topsoils (5-15 cm)

Ebertseder & Gutser, 2003

0 10 20 30 40 50

> 50 µm 10 - 50 µm 5 - 10 µm

1 - 5 µm 0,2 - 1 µm < 0,2 µm

Vol.-%

trial I:

trial II:

without

84 t TS ha-1 in

2 applications

52 t TS ha-1

every 3 years

104 t TS ha-1

every 3 years

without

compost

application:

Page 28: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 31

Compost reduces soil loss by Erosion T

ota

l S

oil

Loss (

kg/h

a)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ControlStandard Compost

CMC-Compost

Total soil loss (kg/ha) in compost vs. control plots

Strauss, 2001

Page 29: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 32 Hartl et al. (2000); Hartl (2007)

Page 30: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Summary of fertilising value of compost

33

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

nu

trie

nt

inp

ut

/ exp

ort

[k

g/h

a]

input with 6-7 t/ha dm compost input with 10 t/ha dm compost

moderate export of crops * high export of crops **

N P2O5 K2O MgO

mean values

to (-)

- to +

+

* moderate – maize / winter wheat / winter barley

** high – sugar beet / winter wheat / winter barley

straw remains on the field

Crop export:

Kluge et al. (2008)

Page 31: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Current Trading Schemes ...

relevant for Compost and soil ?

Sheet 34

Strategies to tackle climate change often do not recognise the

potentially important role of LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use

Change and Forestry, i.e. farm-and soil-based activities)

e.g. EU Emission Trading Schemes (Dir. 2003/87)

Excludes C sinks and LULUCF from crediting/trading !!

Composting included in CDM schemes by the CDM Board (2005)

A standard calculation method to assess GHG savings has been

defined

Only methane savings from landfills are allowed for, yet

No crediting of soil-related benefits

Composting in CDMs ?

Page 32: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas

emissions – a new approach in the EU

REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the

inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land use change

and forestry into the 2030 climate and energy framework and amending Regulation No

525/2013 of the European Parliament and the Council on a mechanism for monitoring

and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate

change

Article 2 (c) – Scope: Accounting for managed cropland, managed grassland and managed wetland

Article 5 (4): Member States shall include in their accounts for each land accounting category any

change in the carbon stock of the carbon pools listed in Annex I, section B.

Annex I - B. Carbon pools pursuant to Article 5(4): (a) above-ground biomass;

(b) below-ground biomass;

(c) litter;

(d) dead wood;

(e) soil organic carbon;

(f) for afforested land and managed forest land: harvested wood products.

35

Page 33: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Climate relevance of biowaste management

Direct CO2 emission reduction

• creates carbon sinks

through formation

of humus

(compost)

• use of compost

fertilizer (organic

farming) reduces

N2O emission

• use of peat-free

soils reduces

peat depletion

Easily degradable organic matter

Mineralisation within 2 - 4 years

Active pool - soil

Mineralisation within 10 - 100 years

Passive pool - soil

Mineralisation within 3000 years

Harvest backlog

Compost

99%

60%

40%

1%

25%

60%

15%

Source: Rogalski; MA48; City of Vienna

Page 34: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Importance of C in soils: EXAMPLE from FRANCE

545.000 Gg CO2

148.636.364 ton C

16.000.000 hectares Arable Land Area

3600 ton/ha unit weight of the soil

57.600.000.000,00 ton soil

0,258% % of Carbon to be locked up in the soil in order to

balance the overall national emissions of carbon

dioxide in 1 year

Source: "National Communications

from Parties included in Annex 1 to

the Convention: Greenhouse Gas

Inventory Data"

Source: Enzo Favoino, SAPM, Italy

Page 35: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Total possible GHG savings from treatment of organics

1 94 to 188 kg (substitution) + 120 to 180kg (transport)

GHG saving by kg CO2 eq.

Anaerobic digestion with combined heat &

power (CHP) option 135

C-sink in the soil by added humus 80 Peat substitution and avoided transport 200 - 3001

Replaced mineral fertiliser 30 Total 400 - 500

Source: Enzo Favoino, SAPM, Italy

Page 36: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Are there any good incentives for

C-sequestration or humus build-up in Europe?

Country Humus build-up program

Netherlands NO

Ireland NO

Hungary EU Structural Fund (Operational Programm Environment

covers 40% of eligible costs) is only granted if 50% of the

compost is applied on agricultural land based on a mutual

contract

Austria Only indirect by accepting compost as organic fertiliser within

the Agricultural Environment Program (substituting mineral N,

biological agriculture)

Italy Regional Rural Development Programs dedicated to compost

application pay between

€ 78.- and € 374.- per ha

Page 37: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

O C1 C2 C3 N1 N2 N3GH

G p

ote

ntia

l (k

g C

O2-e

q h

a-1

y-1

)

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

Net CO2

sequestration

Net GHG

emission

GHG balance of the Vienna plot trial „STIKO“

after 14 years

8 t*

14 t* 20 t*

* Fresh matter compost per ha and year

Source: MA 48, Vienna; Bioforschung Austria

Page 38: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 41

Rodale Institute 10-years composted manure

• Carbon sequestration of up 2,000 kg/hectare

7,000 kg CO2 per Hectare

• Standard tillage + chemical fertilizers lost almost 300 kg/hectare]

Carbon sequestration in

compost fertilisation systems

Page 39: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

ECOREGION Kaindorf, Austria

a local CO2 trading scheme

The Humus build-up project:

1. Contracting the farmers

2. Sample taking of each plot (25 incremetal sampling points (275,-€)

Every 2 – 5 years

3. Self responsisibility of farmers for

all measures

4. Calculation of additional

C sequestration

5. Farmers receive €30,-/to CO2

6. Farmer has to gurantee

the achieved C-level for 5 years!

Source: G. Dunst; Humusprojekt Kaindorf, Austria, 2016

Page 40: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

ECOREGION Kaindorf Humus build-up measures

Compost application Green manuring

SUMMER

Cover crops

Mixed cropping

Green manuring

WINTER

Source: G. Dunst; Humusprojekt Kaindorf, Austria, 2016

Page 41: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

ECOREGION Kaindorf, Austria

a local CO2 trading scheme

How is the CO2 stock calculated:

Total plot [m²]

x 0.25 m³ = total volume

x soil dry density [d.m.]

x % soil fraction < 2mm [= to soil without sceleton/stones]

x %C

x 3,67 = tons CO2

1% Soil Organic Matter ~ 55 to 65 t CO2 per hectare

Source: G. Dunst; Humusprojekt Kaindorf, Austria, 2016

Page 42: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

ECOREGION Kaindorf, Austria

a local CO2 trading scheme

Companies that buy CO2 compensation credits

The companies pay: 45,00€ / to CO2

Only CO2 is compensated that cannot be

avoided otherwise

Yearly assessment by indipendent institute of

the total direct and indirect CO2 emission

including the entire production and logistic

chain

CO2 reductiion strategy and implementation

plan

Substitution of fossil to renewable energy

supply

Allocation of bought CO2 credits dirctly to the

sequestered CO2 of a specific farm and plot!

Source: http://www.oekoregion-kaindorf.at/index.php/arbeitsgruppen/ag-landwirtschaft/kaeufer-zertifikate

Page 43: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

ECOREGION Kaindorf

Humus build-up DATA BASE … 42 plots

SOM build-up … % absolute

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Source: G. Dunst; Humusprojekt Kaindorf, Austria, 2016

Page 44: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

ECOREGION Kaindorf

Humus build-up DATA BASE … 42 plots

The impact on C/N Ratio

C/N start C/N final

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

C/N

Source: G. Dunst; Humusprojekt

Kaindorf, Austria, 2016

Page 45: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 48

Nitrogen Fractions in Organic Fertilisers

[kg N / t fresh matter]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

mature compost

fresh compost

solid manure, cattle

digestate, solid

digestate, liquid

slurry, cattle

slurry, pigs

straw

green manure

soluble easily mobilised passive pool=> humus reproduction

Bundesgütegemeinschaft Kompost e.V., 2005

Page 46: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

49

ECOREGION Kaindorf Humus build-up measures

Nearly no losses of applied N only from C/N >~ 9-10

N lo

ss

es

[%

of

N s

up

ply

]

At C/N < ~6 the entire added N get lost !

Page 47: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

ECOREGION Kaindorf Humus build-up measures

SOM [%]

From a SOM content of > 4.5% the C/N ratio is always < 9

A very low C/N ratio can be only found

at SOM levels < 2.5

C/N

ra

tio

Interdependence of SOM level and C/N ratio

Page 48: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 51

Relation between C/N ratio and N mineralisation rate in

the year of the application of different organic materials

Digestate of various organic residues

Digestate of energy crops & biowaste

½ rotted cattle manure

Biowaste compost

C/N Ratio

Legume grain shred

Pig slurry, vinasse, rape cake etc.

Bone meal, keratin

N r

ele

ase

[%

]

Page 49: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Disease supressing effect of compost

Sheet 52 Joeke Postma & Els Nijhuis,

2015

Page 50: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Impact of decomposition and maturity on disiease

supressing effect of organic matter applied!

Raw organic matter shows a high

variation of effects

In 44% increased decomposition

effectuates disease suppression

In 23% the opposite is the case

Different pathogens react different

With ongoing maturation the

microbial competition weakens

saprophytic pathogens

Further mineralisation decreases

biodiversity growth conditions for all

organisms, thus alsodeminishing the

suppressing capacity

Bonanomi et al. 2010

Page 51: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Impact of microbial, chemo-physical & enzymatic

parameter with different organic amendments

Enzy

mat

ic

Ch

em.-

ph

ysi

cal

Mic

rob

iolo

gic

al

all amendments compost crop residues organic waste

SI – Suppressions-Index

Bonanomi et al. 2010

Page 52: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Experiences of European

Compost Producers

How to create sustainable compost markets?

+

Separate

collection of

organic waste

=

Clean sources

=

High quality

composts/digestates

=……..…

Marketable product

Quality

Assurance

=

External!!

control

Page 53: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

The Quality Assurance System

Accredited Laboratory - sampling

- quality analysis - Test Report

Bg QA Organisation for Compost On-site plant inspection and audits

Assessment of Compliance based on

A) Compliance Report

B) Inspection Report

Quality Committee - evaluates Assessment Report

- decides on approval

Composting Plant

Member national QA-Organisation

+ QAS Contract Requirements Biowaste Ordinance

Quality Manual of QAO

Assessment Report Quality Label /Certificate

Test

Report

Sanctions, complaints, measures

Okay

Not okay

Contract LAB: regular external quality testing

Inspector’s

Report

Page 54: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

National QAS for compost in EU

57

Country Quality Assurance Organisation /Scheme

Austria ARGE Kompost & Biogas

Belgium Flemish compost organisation VLACO

Germany Compost Quality Assurance Organisation

(Bundesgütegemeinschaft Kompost BGK)

Denmark DAKOFA (Danish Association on waste management)

Italy Italian Compost Association (CIC)

Netherlands BVOR Dutch Association of Compost Plants and

Dutch Waste Management Association DWMA/VA

Sweden Swedish Waste

Management Association (Avfall Sverige)

UK UK Compost Certificatiion Scheme

Bulgaria 100 – First Zero Waste & Organic Cycle Organisation

(100 NGO) / ARGE Kompost & Biogas

Page 55: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Sheet 58

Main areas of compost utilisation in the EU

Range [n=12 MS] Market range

Agriculture 1) 45 - 78%

Horticulture 3 - 15%

Landscaping 6 - 20%

Blends/soil mix 10 - 15%

Land reclamation 2 - 10%

Hobby gardening 12 - 20%

Export 6 - 7%

1) Incl some special cultures like vinyards 2) in small bags.

Page 56: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Compost Markets and

Sales Prices … € per ton

Standard

qualities

Additional

specifications

High quality

compost Greenhouses

EUR 20-40

Sports turf

EUR 15-40

Landscaping

EUR 10-20 Top soil mix EUR 10-15

Nurseries EUR 15-35

Hobby . gardens EUR 5-20

Landfill cover EUR 0-4

Wine and fruit EUR 2-4

Organic farms EUR 2-6

Agriculture

EUR 0-4

High price market

Low price market

Page 57: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Compost value based on market price for mineral ferrtiliser and the humus reproduction value based on the

the price for straw (Germany 2015)

60

Quelle Düngemittelpreise: Landwirtschaftliches Wochenblatt Westfalen Lippe

0,00

2,00

4,00

6,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

14,00

16,00

18,00

20,00

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Co

mp

on

en

t m

ark

et

va

lue

of

co

mp

os

t (€

/t)

Stickstoff (N) Phosphor (P2O5) Kalium (K2O)

Magnesium (Mg0) Kalk (CaO) Kompost-Humus (C)

ASA e. V. - 26.11.2015 - Leipzig

Page 58: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Market prices of compost (Germany; at facility)

61

0,00 0,00

15,00

1,00

50,00

7,00

Privat Landwirtschaft

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

€/t

niedrig mittel hoch

ASA e. V. - 26.11.2015 - Leipzig

Page 59: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

2 Marketing Trends

of Composting Facilities

1. Little or no marketing for high volume markets

that require only standard product quality,

such as agriculture

► Organic waste treatment plant

2. Specialised marketing for high quality compost products supplied to high

value markets e.g. growing media

- large range of value added products

- specialised, tailor-made mixtures

► Humus and soil production plant

or

Page 60: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

SMS at compost plants =

Saturday Morning Service

SMS at sites provides everything what gardeners need on a Saturday morning

e.g. compost, bark, sand, stones, gravel

Bulk supply Drop-off area for garden organics Compost super market

in

out

Page 61: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Recommandations and

Specifications for Use

Basic tool to develop compost markets if properly done. Only in co-

operation with end-user organisations!

Page 62: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Marketing

with posters

Blühende Kaffeefilter Blooming Coffee Filters

creates benefit Our soil Tasty Green Cuttings

creates benefit Our soil &

Space for

logo & address

Page 63: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Professional Marketing -

Competitive to Bark/Peat Industry

FLORATOP compost products presentation in a supermarket chain.

Return of up to 70 Euro/cbm!!!!

Page 64: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

The Compost Market

Is there a demand for compost?

A) No real demand in starting countries, because

compost products and their benefits are UNKOWN.

B) A strongly growing demand in advanced countries

with mature and developed markets

• The amount of produced compost is increasing

No marketing problems for quality compost, high demand

• The development of different compost products leeds to

an opening of additional market sectors and demand.

• Different market sectors have different prices, sometimes

quite low, partly quite high (agriculture versus growing

media sector)

Page 65: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Market of Compost in EU

Average price for compost products in EU

Prices range from 0 - 30 € per tonne - depending on the

feedstock, content of nutrients and quality

Average cost for composting in EU:

35 – 60 EUR per tonne

69

Page 66: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

• Peat-free Substrate production “Guter Grund” (in sum approx. 20,000 t/a)

• > 37,000 bags/a

• 18 litres bag: 3 €, 40 litres bag: 5 €/

• Agriculture, particularly organic

farming (approx. 20,000 t/a)

• Free distribution to inhabitants (approx. 5,000 t/a)

• Production of compost/soil blends (approx. 2,000 t/a)

• City parks and gardens, private

businesses, other (approx. 3,000 t/a)

City of VIENNA - compost utilisation

Page 67: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

• Co-operation with potting-soil-production

facility, production of peat-free potting soil

“Guter Grund” (in sum approx. 20,000 t/a)

• Agriculture, particularly organic farming

(approx. 20,000 t/a)

• Made available to inhabitants

(approx. 5,000 t/a)

• Production of compost/soil blends

(approx. 2,000 t/a)

• City parks and gardens, private businesses, other

(approx. 3,000 t/a)

• Applied research (first of all with Bioresearch Austria)

• Cross-border co-operation in EU context (e.g.“BIORES”)

Current compost utilisation

Page 68: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

What the clay-humus complex

provides

Sheet 72

Provides a conducive environment for

beneficial microbes

Enhances N, P, K, and other nutrient

uptake

Aids in the decomposition of soil minerals

by forming metal-clay-organic

processes

Improves the soil‟s water holding

capacity

Loosens the soil structure

Aids in the degradation or inactivation of

toxic substances

Buffers soil pH

Liberates CO2 needed for

photosynthesis

Stabilizes soil temperatures

Reduces water evaporation

Reduces leaching of trace elements

Increases seed germination and

seedling development

Accelerates root growth

Increases the uptake of the high-energy

adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) within

the plant cell

Increases yield & quality directly and

indirectly

Increases the permeability of nutrients

back and forth through the cell wall

Speeds up the plant‟s metabolism

Enhances the chlorophyll content of

leaves

Page 69: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

Seminar in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Steps towards Sustainable Waste Management Venue: GRANFPOLIS Rua Cândido Ramos, 250, Capoeiras, Florianópolis - SC

Date: 25 October 2016

08:30 – 18:00

Practical transition steps towards resource efficiency and recycling practice

Legal and strategic framework conditions towards a recycling society?

Collection of municipal waste: residual waste, recyclables, from „door to door„ to

recycling centres – logistics and economic instruments

Integrating (residual) waste treatment and recycling technology

Bio-waste: best practice collection & composting and anaerobic digestion options

Basics of food waste prevention along the food supply chain

73

Page 70: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

The Key = BIODIVERSITY !

Fotos: Bioforschung Austria, Hildebrandt, Hedl, Amlinger

Page 71: Mercado e comercialização dos fertilizantes orgânicos ... e comercialização dos... · „100 - 1st Zero Waste ... OXIGEN UPTAKE RATE ... Humus BALANCE after 14 years of comparative

75

[email protected]

www.eu100ngo.net