management of hypertension

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Olmesartan Porquê um novo ARA II ? Javier Rodriguez-Vera Serviço de Medicina Interna Centro Hospitalar do Barlavento Algarvio , SA Porquê um novo ARA II ? Javier Rodriguez-Vera Serviço de Medicina Interna Centro Hospitalar do Barlavento Algarvio , SA

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Page 1: Management of Hypertension

Olmesartan

Porquê um novo ARA II ?

Javier Rodriguez-Vera

Serviço de Medicina Interna

Centro Hospitalar do Barlavento Algarvio, SA

Porquê um novo ARA II ?

Javier Rodriguez-Vera

Serviço de Medicina Interna

Centro Hospitalar do Barlavento Algarvio, SA

Page 2: Management of Hypertension

Hipertensão Prevalência, tratamento e controlo tensional em Espanha

Hipertensão Prevalência, tratamento e controlo tensional em Espanha

Prevalência (140/90 mmHg, idade 35-64 anos)

47%

27% dos Hipertensos em tratamento

27%

23%23% dos hipertensos tratados estão controlados

Hypertension. 2004;43:10-17.

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Risco de AVC Risco de DC

PAD média aproximada PAD média aproximada

7 estudos observacionais prospectivos: 843 eventos 9 estudos observacionais prospectivos: 4856 eventos

Risco relativo de AVCRisco relativo de AVC Risco relativo de DCRisco relativo de DC

PAD e risco relativo de AVC e Doença Coronária

Estudos observacionais prospectivos

PAD e risco relativo de AVC e Doença Coronária

Estudos observacionais prospectivos

MacMahon S. Lancet 1990; 335:765-74.

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Hábitos higiénico-dietéticos• Parar de fumar

• Perda de pesso

• Dieta

• Exercisio

• Tratamento de causadores

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57

Lifestyle Interventions in theManagement of Hypertension

Exercise

Weight reduction

Alcohol intake reduction

Sodium intake reduction

5-10 mm Hg(>30 min >3x/wk)

1-2 mm Hg/Kg

1 mm Hg/drink/d

1-3 mm Hg/40 mmol/d

Intervention Possible BP Effect

Page 8: Management of Hypertension

Tratamento farmacológico

JNC 7 Classification and Management of Blood Pressure

SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BB, beta blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker.*Treatment determined by highest BP category.**Initial combined therapy should be used cautiously in those at risk for orthostatic hypotension.†Treat patients with chronic kidney disease or diabetes to BP goal of <130/80 mmHg.

Chobanian AV et al. JAMA. 2003;289:2560–2572.

No antihypertensivedrug indicated

Thiazide-type diuretics for most. May consider ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB, or combo

2-drug combo for most (usually thiazide-type diuretic and ACEI or ARB or BB or CCB)

Drug(s) for compelling indications†

Drug(s) for the compelling indications†

Other antihypertensivedrugs (diuretics, ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB) as needed

Encourage

Yes

Yes

Yes

and <80

or 80–89

or 90–99

or >100

<120

120–139

140–159

>160

Normal

Prehypertension

Stage 1Hypertension

Stage 2Hypertension

CategorySBP*

mm HgDBP*

mm HgLifestyle

modification With CompellingIndications

Without Compelling Indications

Considerations for Initial Therapy

Page 9: Management of Hypertension

JNC 7 Algorithm for the Treatment of Hypertension

*Compelling IndicationsHeart failurePost-MIHigh coronary artery disease riskDiabetesChronic kidney diseaseRecurrent stroke prevention

Not at Goal Blood Pressure (<140/90 mmHg) (<130/80 mm Hg for those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease)

Initial Drug Choices

Drug(s) for the compelling indications*

Other antihypertensive drugs (diuretics, ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB)

as needed.

Lifestyle Modifications

Stage 2 Hypertension(SBP >160 or DBP >100 mmHg)

2-drug combination for most (usually thiazide-type diuretic and

ACEI, or ARB, or BB, or CCB).

Stage 1 Hypertension(SBP 140–159 or DBP 90–99 mmHg)

Thiazide-type diuretics for most. May consider ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB,

or combination.

Without Compelling Indications

Not at Goal Blood Pressure

Optimize dosages or add additional drugs until goal blood pressure is achieved.

Consider consultation with hypertension specialist.

With Compelling Indications

Chobanian AV et al. JAMA. 2003;289:2560–2572.

Page 10: Management of Hypertension

BB, beta blocker; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker;CCB, calcium channel blocker; AA, aldosterone antagonist; CHF, chronic heart failure;MI, myocardial infarction; CAD, coronary artery disease; DM, diabetes mellitus

Chobanian AV et al. JAMA. 2003;289:2560–2572.

CHF

Post-MI

CAD risk

Diabetes mellitus

Renal disease

Recurrent strokeprevention

BB

ACEI

ARB

CCB

AADiuretic

JNC 7 Compelling Indications for Specific Antihypertensive Agents

Based on Favorable Outcome Data From Clinical Trials

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ARA-2

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Oparil S et al. Jourmal of Clinical hypertension 2001; 3 (V): 283-291 Brunner Hr et al. Clin drug Invest 2003; 23 (7): 419-430

Redução da PA à 2ª semana de tratamento

Page 15: Management of Hypertension

Prospective Studies Collaboration. Lancet 2002; 360:1903-13.

Resultados de estudos observacionais prospectivos que incluíram 1 milhão de indivíduos sem doença vascular prévia

Resultados de estudos observacionais prospectivos que incluíram 1 milhão de indivíduos sem doença vascular prévia

Diferença de 2 mm Hg na PAD usual (mantida ao longo de 5 anos)

10% menos AVC

7% menos DC

Page 16: Management of Hypertension

Miyazaki M, Takai S: J Human Hypertens 2002, 16(S2):S7-S12

Supressão de factores pró-ateroscleróticosSupressão de factores pró-ateroscleróticos

Inibição da acumulação de macrófagosInibição da acumulação de macrófagos

Redução da deposição de lípidosRedução da deposição de lípidos

Actividade anti-aterosclerótica

Inibição da Aterogénese

M-CSF (Macrophague-colony-stimulating factor)

TGF-β (Transforming growth factor- β)

ICAM-1 (Intracelular adhesive molecule-1)

Page 17: Management of Hypertension

Miyazaki M, Takai S: J Human Hypertens 2002, 16(S2):S7-S12

Macacos com dieta rica em colesterolEstudos in vivo

72 ± 6 % da aorta com infiltração lipídica

25 ±14 %da aortacom infiltração lipídica

p<0.05

Dieta normalDieta normal

Dieta rica em colesterolDieta rica em colesterol

Dieta rica em colesterol + Olmesartan

Dieta rica em colesterol + Olmesartan

Sem lesões

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