s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfM ;xof]uL k'l:tsf / 1

s[i0fk|;fb a/fn, zld{nf ;'g'jf/, dfwj hf]zL, ef]nfdfg l;+x a:g]t, jL/axfb'/ tfdfX, cfljisf/ ;'j]bL / ;+ho 1jfnL

ljBfyL{sf nflu kl/rofTds ;xoFuL k'l:tsf

k|sfzgflwsf/ Pj+ k|sfzs M – g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ (NARC),

v'dn6f/, nlntk'/, g]kfn– h}ljs ljljwtf, cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;sf

nflu :yfgLo kxn (LI-BIRD), kf]v/f, g]kfn– cGt/f{li6«o jg:klt cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]t ;+:yfg

(IPGRI), /f]d, O6nL

p4/0f M s[i0fk|;fb a/fn, zld{nf ;'g'jf/, dfwj hf]zL,ef]nfdfg l;+x a:g]t, jL/axfb'/ tfdfª,cfljisf/ ;'j]bL / ;+ho 1jfnL .s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ljBfyL{sf nflukl/rofTds ;xof]uL k'l:tsf -@)^@_ .gfs{÷÷÷÷÷nL–a8{÷÷÷÷÷Ok|L

efiff;Dkfbg M zf]efsfGt uf}td

5flkPsf] k|lt M %)) dfq

;+:s/0f M k|yd, @)^@, >fj0f

sDKo'6/ 6fOk tyf ;]l6Ë M d'gf pbf;, ;'gGbf l;+x / /rgf yfkf

;f}hGo÷÷÷÷÷cfly{s ;xof]u M cfO{=8L=cf/=;L= – Sofgf8f(IDRC - Canada)

lrq M jL/axfb'/ tfdfª

d'b|0f M ;'bLk ckm;]6 k|];, dx]Gb|k'n, kf]v/fkmf]g g+= )^! %@@$*)

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / s

b'O{ zAb

cfWoflTds k'i6ofOF 5 – æs[lifd"nZr hLjgd\\Æ g]kfnL hghLjgdf hLljsf]kfh{g / hLjgofkgsf]w/f]x/ g} s[lif xf] eGbf cTo'lQm xF'b}g . dfgjhLjgsf nflu cfjZos vfB, kmnk"mn, cf}iflw, sf7,bfp/f, nQfsk8f, kz'–cfxf/, /+u/f]ug, cf}Bf]lus sRrf kbfy{ cflb s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfs} pkhx'g\ . ;du|df eGg'kbf{ h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf] cf}lrTo / cfjZostf ;Dk"0f{ hLjx¿sf]cl:tTj hf]ufpg, k|fs[lts k|lqmof ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg, k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ / ;|f]tsf] lbuf] ;+/If0f/ pkof]usf ;fy} hLjg, hut\ / ;[li6sf] lg/Gt/tfsf nflu clgjfo{ g} x'G5 . h}ljs ljljwtfsflx;fan] g]kfn ljZjsf] kRrL;f}+ >]0fLdf kb{5 ha ls If]qkmnsf cfwf/df )=!Ü dfq If]qkmncf]u6]sf] 5 . t;y{ h}ljs ljljwtfsf If]qdf g]kfnsf] pNn]vgLo :yfg 5 . xfn ljZjdf gf}nfk|ljlwx¿sf] cGwfw'Gw k|of]u ePsf] / To:tf k|ljlwx¿sf] jt{dfg k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgx¿sf]Joj:yfkg;Fu plrt ;dfof]hg x'g g;Sbf ljleGg r'gf}tLx¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ .

cfhsf o'jfx¿ g} ef]lnsf] ;dfhsf lg0f{ostf{ / s0f{wf/ x'g\ . lzIff / ef}lts If]qdf ePsf]b'|tljsf;sf] ;xL cfFsng x'g g;Sbf o'jfx¿df b]vf k/]sf] s[lif, k|s[lt ;+/If0f / :ofxf/;Def/–k|ltsf] knfogtf / >dk|ltsf] cf:yfdf al9/x]sf] x|f;nfO{ a'l4dQfk"j{s ;DxfNg'kg]{ a]nf ePsf] 5 .xfd|f k|fs[lts ;Dkbf / df}lns 1fgsf] klxrfg, clen]v / ;b'kof]uaf6 /f]huf/L k|jw{g ug{,cfo:t/ a9fpg / cfˆgf] df}lnstf, ;Eotf / ;+:s[lt hLjGt /fVg xfd|f dfgjLo ;+;fwgnfO{k|lzlIft u/fpg' lgtfGt cfjZos ePsf] 5 . nL–a8{n] s]xL jif{otf ljleGg kj{ / pT;jsf] ;Gbe{ldnfP/ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] 1fg a9fpg ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/fP/ lgaGw, lrqsnf, nf]suLt,sljtf k|ltof]lutfh:tf ;d;fdlos sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o'jf ljBfyL{x¿:jod\ / pgLx¿dfk{mt cleefjs / ;dfhsf ljleGg If]qdf k|efjsf/L ;Gb]z k|jfx x'g ;S5 eGg]s'/f cg'ejaf6 l;4 xF'b} cfPsf] 5 . xfd|f] hg;ª\Vofsf] em08} #!Ü /x]sf] o'jfhdftnfO{ljBfnolzIffsf dfWodaf6 ;d]6\g'kg]{ cfjZostf 68sf/f] ¿kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . log} kl/l:ylt /kl/k]|IonfO{ dgg u/L oyf:yfg s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf Joj:yfkgsf ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yfx¿, h}ljsljljwtf cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo kxn -nL–a8{_, s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ -gfs{_,cGt/f{li6«o jg:klt cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]t ;+:yf -cfO{=kL=hL=cf/=cfO{=_ / cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; tyfcg';Gwfg s]Gb| -cfO{=8L=cf/=;L=_ Sofg8fsf] ;+o'Qm k|of;df s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf;DaGwL hfgsf/Llbnfpg] p2]Zon] of] ;xfos k'l:tsf t}of/ ug]{ hdsf]{ ePsf] 5 . o; k'l:tsfsf] cEof; ub}{hfFbf k|fKt x'g] ;'emfpx¿sf cfwf/df kl5Nnf ;+:s/0fdf ;'wf/ xF'b} hfg] cfzf /flvPsf] 5 .

of] k'l:tsf t}of/ ug{ v6]/ nfUg'ePsf n]vg tyf ;Dkfbg 6f]nLsf ;fyLx¿nufot ;'emfplbg'x'g] tyf l6Kk0fL ul/lbg'x'g] ;DalGwt ;a}df wGojfb1fkg ug{ rfxG5' .

8f= k|tfks'df/ >]i7sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, nL–a8{

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / v

dGtJo

k|s[ltsf] ;[li6 / ;+/rgfdf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cfˆg} ljlzi6 :yfg /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts;Dkbfdf s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] If]qn] cu|:yfg cf]u6]sf] 5 . ;fwf/0f efiffdf h}ljs ljljwtfeg]sf] k[YjLdf k|s[ltk|bQ s[lif, jg, kz'kG5L, hnr/ tyf cfFvfn] b]lvg]gb]lvg] ;"Id hLjx¿sf]ljljwtf;DaGwL 1fg / ;|f]tx¿nfO{ hgfpF5 .

dfgj;dfhsf] ljsf;df h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cgGt ;DaGw /x]/ klg k'Vof}{nL / df}lns 1fgqmdzM cf]e]mndf kb}{ uPsf] 5 . gLltzf:qdf elgPsf] 5, æcfTdjt\ ;j{e"t]if' oM kZolt ;kl08tMÆ ToxL dfgj ljj]sL lj1 / 1ftf x'G5 h;n] k[YjLdf /x]sf k|f0fL tyf jg:kltx¿ cyf{t\h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ ;+/If0f / ;b'kof]u ug{ hfGb5 . ljut s]xL bzsotf lzIffsfIf]qdf b'|tultn]ljsf; xF'b} cfPsf] 5 . oBlk sd Jofjxfl/s lzIffsf df}lns kIfdf ePsf sdLsdhf]/Lx¿n]ubf{ vf; u/L o'jfju{df s[lifk|lt ljsif{0f x'gfsf ;fy} cfˆgf] df}lns 1fg / s[lif If]qsf] j:t'uthfgsf/L 36\b} uO/x]sf] oyfy{nfO{ gsfg{ ldNb}g .

cfhsf ljBfyL{ / o'jfx¿ g} ef]lnsf b]zlgdf{0fsf alnof :tDe x'g\ . k|s[ltk|bQ xfd|f] cyfxh}ljs ljljwtf / k'vf{sf] 1fgnfO{ ef]lnsf ;Gtltdf x:tfGt/0f ub}{ xfd|f] df}lns 1fgnfO{j}1flgs oyfy{tf;Fu plrt ;+of]hg ug{ ;Sof+} eg] dfq xfd|f] cl:tTj, ;Eotf, hLljsf]kfh{g //f]huf/Lsf If]qsf] bfo/f a9\g] lglZrt 5 . o;} dd{nfO{ dgg u/L nL–a8{ (LI-BIRD), g]kfns[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ (NARC), cGt/f{li6«o jg:klt cfg'j+flzs ;|f]]t ;+:yfg (IPGRI) /cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb| (IDRC) Sofg8fsf] ;+o'Qm k|of;af6 dfWolds ljBfnosfdflyNnf sIffx¿df s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf;DaGwL 1fg lbg] p2]Zon] cltl/Qm kf7oqmdsf ¿kdfof] ‘s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ljBfyL{sf nflu kl/rofTds ;xof]uL k'l:tsf’ t}of/ kfl/Psf] 5 . s[lifh}ljs ljljwtf nf]k ePdf s] x'G5 t eGg] k|Zg ljBfyL{n] ug{ yfn] eg] o; k'l:tsfn] ;kmntfkfPsf] 7fGg]5' .

of] k'l:tsf klxnf] k|of; ePsf] xF'bf o;df w]/} sdLshf]/Lx¿ x'g ;S5g\ . of]] g} ;Dk"0f{ gx'g;S5 . k|of]u / cEof; ub}{ hfFbf cg'ej / ;'emfpsf cfwf/df qmdzM kl/dfh{g ub}{ hfg] ;f]r/flvPsf] 5 . of] k'l:tsf t}of/ u/L k|sfzg ug]{ cleef/f ;DkGg ug'{ePsf sfo{bnsf ;fyLx¿/ ;DalGwt ;a}df wGojfb lb+b} p2]Zodf ;kmntf ldnf];\ egL xflb{s z'esfdgf JoSt ub{5' .

8f= e'jg/Tg :yflktj}1flgs, hLljsf]kfh{gsf] h}ljs ljljwtf sfo{qmd

(Diversity for Livelihood Program)cfO{=kL=hL=cf/=cfO{= (IPGRI)

dGtJo

s[lifk|wfg b]z g]kfn s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfn] ;DkGg x'g' :jfefljs} xf] . o; b]zdf pknAw e"–agf]6xfjfkfgL Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf tyf k|frLg v]tLk|0ffnLn] ubf{ afnL, kz'kIfL cflbdf kfl/l:yltsk|hftLo tyf cfg'jf+lzs :t/df kof{Kt leGgtfx¿ b]vf kb{5g\ . oL h}ljs ljljwtfx¿sf] ;d;fdlos;+/If0f ;+j4{g Pj+ lbuf] ljsf;sf kIfx¿nfO{ bzf}+ k~rjifL{o of]hgfn] :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 .

g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\n] s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf;DaGwL cg';GwfgfTds sfo{qmdx¿ af/f,sf:sL tyf h'Dnf lhNnfx¿df :yfgLo :t/af6 g} ;'? u/]sf] 5 . o; k|of;df nL–a8{ tyf Ok|Lsf]/rgfTds Pj+ ;xof]ufTds e"ldsf ;/fxgLo 5 . oyf:yfg h}ljs ljljwtf–;+/If0f cfof]hgfsfljleGg sfo{qmdx¿dWo] hgr]tgf clej[l4sf nflu ;~rflnt h}ljs ljljwtf d]nf, ;8sgf6s,cGt/lqmof cflb ultljlwx¿ k|efjsf/L /x]sf 5g\ . o;} ;Gbe{df lzIffd"ns ‘s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf MljBfyL{sf nflu kl/rfofTds ;xof]uL k'l:tsf’ sf] k|sfzg Ps sf];]9'Ëf] ePsf] 5 . o; k':tssf]k|sfzgn] eljiosf s0f{wf/nfO{ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g Pj+ lbuf] ljsf;df;xefuL x'g clek|]l/t u/f];\ oxL d]/f] z'esfdgf 5 .

oyf:yfgdf h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f cfof]hgfdf sfo{/t ljifoljz]if1x¿sf] /fo;Nnfxdf o;k':tssf] kf08'lnlk tof/ kfg{df pNn]Vo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ n]vsx¿ >L s[i0fk|;fb a/fn,>LdtL zld{nf ;'g'jf/, 8f= dfwj hf]zL, >L ef]nfdfg l;+x a:g]t, >L jL/axfb'/ tfdfª,>L cfljisf/ ;'j]bL tyf >L ;+ho 1jfnLnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb 5 . eljiodf s[lif cg';GwfgsfljleGg kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]6\b} s[ifsf]kof]uL k':tsk'l:tsfx¿ k|sflzt ug{df ;d]t ljåb\ju{x¿cu|;/ x'g]5g\ eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .

wGojfb Û

b'nf/rg ;fx" klyssf=d'=, sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / u

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / 3

s[t1tf1fkg

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf ;DaGwdf n]lvPsf] o; ;xof]uL k'l:tsfnfO{ of] :j¿k k|bfg ug{ ;Nnfx,;fdu|L / pTk|]/0ff k|bfg ug'{ePsf Ok|Lsf jl/i7 j}1flgs 8f= e'jg/Tg :yflktHo"nfO{ xflb{swGojfb–1fkg ug'{{ xfd|f] klxnf] st{Jo xf] . o;nfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'x'g] :j–:yfgs[lif h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f kl/of]hgfsf /fli6«o ;+of]hs 8f= dw';"bgk|;fb pkfWofo wGojfbsfkfq x'g'x'G5 . :j–:yfg s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f kl/of]hgfsf k|fljlw1x¿, /fli6«o kl/of]hgfJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿, nL–a8{sf h}ljs ljljwtf k|fs[lts Joj:yfkg PsfOsf ;+of]hs>L /]zd uf}tdHo", ;'>L Ol/sf pbf; tyf nL–a8{sf cGo k|fljlw1x¿nfO{ jxfFx¿sf] cyskl/>d / of]ubfgsf nflu s[t1tf JoQm ub{5f}+ . ;Nnfx, ;'emfp tyf k|ltlqmof lbO{ ;xof]uul/lbg'x'g] o'j/fh lqkf7L -tf/fs'~h af]l8{ª :s"n cfjf{a]+;L_, df]xgd'/f/L vgfn -P;=cf]=P;=xd{g dfOg{/ :s"n_, 6f]k/fh 9'Ëfgf -lzz'lgs]tg af]l8{ª :s"n_, cfgGbHof]lt dfWolds ljBfno,z'qm/fh dfWolds ljBfno, h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f d~r kl/jf/, k|lt1f ;xsf/L ;+:yf, s[ifsju{-sf:sL / af/f_ / cGo ;fyLx¿k|lt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f}+ . To:t} t]hk|;fb sfˆn]-lh=lz=sf=, sf:sL_, jf;' kf}8]n / 6+s' lu/L -lh=s[=lj=sf=, sf:sL_ Ho"nfO{ jxfFx¿sf] ;'emfpsfnflu wGojfb lbG5f}+ . efiff;Dkfbgdf pT;fxk"j{s ljz]if ;xof]u ug'{x'g] >L zf]efsfGt uf}tdHo"k|ltxflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f}+ . sDKo'6/ lk|lG6ªdf ;xof]u ug'{x'g] d'gf pbf;, ;'gGbf l;+x / /rgfyfkfnfO{ klg x[bob]lv g} wGojfb lbG5f}+ . o; sfo{nfO{ dxŒj, k|]/0ff / k|f]T;fxg lbO{ cd"No;'emfp / l6Kk0fL ul/lbg'x'g] nL–a8{sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs 8f= k|tfks'df/ >]i7Ho" tyf e"tk"j{sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs 8f= clgn ;'j]bLHo"k|lt ;fef/ s[t1tf ck{0f ub{5f}+ . o; k':ts k|sfzgsf]nflu ;+aGjo ul/lbPsf]df nL–a8{sf] k|sfzg zfvf k|lt xfdL cfef/L 5f}+ .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / ª

k|fSsyg

k|s[ltsf b'j} xftaf6 j/bfg kfPsf] g]kfn cfsf/df ;fg} eP klg h}ljs ljljwtfsf b[li6n] cToGt;DkGg d'n's xf] . rLg / ef/th:tf ljzfn /fi6«x¿sf aLrdf lxdfnsf] sfvdf cjl:yt o;n]ljZje"–efusf] )=!Ü e"–efudfq cf]u6] tfklg h}ljs ljljwtfsf ;Gbe{df of] /fi6« ljZjsf] @ cf}+:yfgdf kb{5 . o;f] x'gfsf k5fl8 oxfFsf] e"–agf]6 / xfjfkfgLsf] leGgtf;Fu;Fu} hftLo, wfld{s,;f+:s[lts / ;fdflhs leGgtfn] d'Vo e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . xfd|f] b}lgs cfjZostfdf kg]{ ufF;, af;,nQfsk8f, cf}iflw / cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf ;fdu|Lx¿ klg h}ljs ljljwtf s} pkh x'g\ . h}ljsljljwtfleqsf] Pp6f d'Vo / 7"nf] c+z s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfn] cf]u6]sf] 5 . ax';ª\Vos g]kfnLsf]hLjgofkgsf] d"n cfwf/ klg s[lif g} xf] . ;g\ !(^) sf] bzsdf xl/tqmflGt ;'? ePkl5 pGgthftx¿sf] k|wfgtfn] ubf{ ljljw dxŒjsf ;of}+ :yfgLo afnL / ltgsf hftx¿ cf]e]mndf k/], s}of}+nf]k eP eg] sltko nf]k x'g] cj:yfdf 5g\ . a9\bf] hg;ª\Vof, e"–Ifo, zx/Ls/0f, abln+bf]vfgkfg, Jofj;flos v]tLk|0ffnL, c1fgtf cflb h}ljs ljljwtf nf]k x'gfsf yk sf/s x'g\ . s[lifljsf;sf] lbuf] / jftfj/0fLo kIfnfO{ b"/ufdL ;f]r /fVg g;Sbf s}of}+ /}yfg] afnLsf hflt, k|hflt/ To;df lglxt 1fg x|f; xF'b} uPsf] 5 . log} bL3{ ;f]rnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ;g\ !((@ df a|flhnsf]/fhwfgL l/of]] b h]g]l/of]df cGt/{fli6«o dxf;lGw ;DkGg eO{ ljleGg b]zsf aLrdf h}ljs ;Dkbfaf/];femf ;xdlt eof] . g]kfnn] klg o; dxf;lGwdf x:tfIf/ u/L h}ljs ;Dkbf ;+/If0f;DaGwL gLlttyf /0fgLltx¿nfO{ /fli6«o of]hgfdf ;dfj]z u/]/ cfˆgf] k|lta4tf k|s6 u/]sf] 5 .

cfhsf ljBfyL{ o'jfk':tf g} ef]lnsf gLltlgd{ftf, of]hgfsf/, cg';Gwfgstf{, j}1flgs, k|fWofks,snfsf/, kqsf/ / k|zf;snufotsf ljleGg ljwfdf cu'jfO ug]{ s0f{wf/ x'g\ . pgLx¿ ef]lnsfc;n ls;fg / ;dfhsf ;+jfxs klg x'g\ . oL o'jf lk+9LnfO{ g} b]zsf] afu8f]]/ ;'Dkg'kg]{ jf:tljstfePsfn] s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] gf;f] ef]lnsf k':tfdf x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ o;af/]k|lzIf0f lbg'kg]{ clxn]sf] 68\sf/f] cfjZostf xf] . o;} ;Gbe{df dfWolds txsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf;DaGwL 1fg / r]tgf a9fpg] p2]Zo /fvL ;s];Dd ;/n efiffdf of] hfgsf/Lk'l:tsf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . o; k'l:tsfnfO{ cy{k"0f{ agfpg k|fljlws zAbx¿sf] cy{, k|f;Ëluslrq, 5nkmn cEof; / k|ZgfjnLx¿;d]t ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . /fli6«o ;+:yfx¿ gfs{, nL–a8{tyf cGt/{fli6«o ;+:yf Ok|Lsf] ;+o'Qm k|of;df sf:sL / af/f lhNnfx¿df s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf;+/If0f;DaGwL ul/Psf k|of;x¿nfO{ pbfx/0f:j¿k k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ . of] k'l:tsf tof/ ug]{qmddf ;s];Dd ;Gb]zd"ns / ;/n agfpgsf nflu ljBfyL{ tyf lzIfsx¿af6 klg ;'emfp ;Íngu/L ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . h}ljs ljljwtf ljifo cfk}mdf Jofks, hl6n / gofF ljifo ePsfn] o;k'l:tsfdf ;a} s'/fx¿nfO{ ;lrq aofg ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . t;y{ of] cfk}mdf k"0f{ 5 gegL, xfd|f]klxnf] k|of;df ePsf sdL–sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ ;/f]sf/ kIfaf6 k|fKt x'g] /rgfTds ;'emfp tyfl6Kk0fLnfO{ :jfut ub}{ To; cfwf/df kl5Nnf ;+:s/0fx¿df ;'wf/ tyf kl/dfh{g ub}{ hfg] ljZjf;lbnfpg rfxG5f}+ .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / r

cg'qmdl0fsf

P=eL=cf/=8L=;L= (AVRDC) MMMMM Pl;og t/sf/L afnL cg';Gwfg / ljsf; s]Gb|(Asian Vegetable Research and

Development Centre)

Ok|L (IPGRI) MMMMM cGt/f{li6«o jg:klt cfg'j+flzs ;|f]t ;+:yfg(International Plant Genetic Resources Institute)

O/L (IRRI) MMMMM cGt/f{li6«o wfgafnL cg';Gwfg ;+:yfg(International Rice Research Institute)

8L=Pg=P= (DNA) MMMMM l8cS;L–/fOaf] Go'lSns Pl;8(Deoxy-ribo Nucleic Acid)

gfs{ (NARC) MMMMM g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\(Nepal Agricultural Research Council)

nL–a8{ (LI-BIRD) MMMMM h}ljs ljljwtf cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;sf nflu:yfgLo kxn (Local Initiatives for Biodiversity,

Research and Development)

l;k (CIP) MMMMM cGt/f{li6«o cfn'afnL s]Gb|(International Potato Centre)

;L=aL=8L= (CBD) MMMMM h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGw(Convention on Biological Diversity)

l;ld6 (CIMMYT) MMMMM cGt/f{li6«o uxF' tyf ds} cg';Gwfg s]Gb|(Centre for International Maize andWheat Improvement)

cfO{=8L=cf/=;L= (IDRC) MMMMM cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb|(International Development and Research Centre)

ljÈo;"rL

!= g]kfnsf] e"–agf]6, xfjfkfgL / h}ljs ljljwtf ………………………………… !@= h}ljs ljljwtf (Biodiversity) eg]sf] s] xf] < ………………………………… #

-s_ kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL ljljwtf (Ecosystem diversity) ………………… #-v_ k|hftLo ljljwtf (Species diversity) ………………………………-u_ cfg'jf+lzs ljljwtf (Genetic diversity) ……………………………

#= h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj / ;+/If0fsf pkfox¿ ……………………………… ^$= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf (Agrobiodiversity) eg]sf] s] xf] < …………………… *

$=! s[lif afnL k|hfltx¿sf pTklQ :yfg ………………………………… !)$=@ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj ……………………………………… !@$=# s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfdf x|f; ………………………………………… !$=$ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f s;/L ug]{ < ………………………… !^

-s_ k/–:yfgLo ;+/If0f (Ex-situ conservation) …………………… !^l ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s (Community seed bank) ………… !(

-v_ :j–:yfgLo ;+/If0f (In-situ conservation) …………………… @@-u_ oyf:yfg ;+/If0f (On-farm conservation) …………………… @@

%= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] :j–:yfg ;+/If0f …………………………………… @#^= :j–:yfg s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf nflu ePsf k|of;x¿ ……………… @

-s_ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf k|bz{gL (Agricultural Biodiversity Fair) ……… @-v_ ;fd'bflos h}ljs ljljwtf clen]v

(Community Biodiversity Register) ……………………………… @^-u_ u|fdL0f sljtfofqf (Rural poetry journey) ………………………… @^-3_ ;+:s[lt / h}ljs ljljwtf (Culture and Biodiversity) ……………… @&

&= h}ljs ljljwtf;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw (CBD) ………………………… #)*= h}ljs rf]/L (Bio-piracy) ……………………………………………………… #@(= ;fGble{s zAbfjnL …………………………………………………………… #!)= ;Gbe{;fdu|L ………………………………………………………………… #^

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / 5

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / !

!= g]kfnsf] e"–agf]6, xfjfkfgL / h}ljs ljljwtf

g]kfn ef}uf]lns b[li6n] x]bf{ sl/a **% ls=ld= nDafO / !(# ls=ld= cf};t rf}8fO ePsf]b]z xf] . o;sf] s'n If]qkmn !,$&,!*! ju{ ls=ld= 5 / o;n] k[YjLsf] s'n If]qkmnsf] )=!Üe"–efu cf]u6\b5 . g]kfn ;d'b|;txb]lv Go"gtd ^) ld= sf] -emfkf lhNnfsf] s]rgfsng_prfOdf /x]sf] 5 eg] o;sf] clwstd prfO *,*$* ld= 5, hxfF ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr lzv/;u/dfyf cjl:yt 5 .

lrq g+= != g]kfnsf] k|fb]lzs ljefhg / h}ljs ljljwtf afx'No

If]qkmnsf lx;fan] g]kfn ;fgf] d'n's eP klg oxfF t/fO{b]lv lxdfn;Dd km/s–km/sxfjfkfgL] kfOG5 . oxfF w]/} udL{ x'g] :yfg -t/fO{ e]u_, w]/} hf8f] x'g] jf afx|} dlxgf lxpF /xg]:yfg -lxdfnL e]u_ / ;fdfGo udL{ Pj+ ;fdfGo lr;f] x'g] :yfg -kxf8L e]u_ x¿ kb{5g\ .t;y{, xfd|f] b]zdf e"–agf]6sf] leGgtf;Fu;Fu} xfjfkfgLdf klg ljljwtf /x]sf] 5, h;n]ubf{ ljleGg k|sf/sf jg:klt (Flora) / hLjhGt'x¿nfO{ (Fauna) o;n] plrt lsl;dsf]jf;:yfg (Habitat) k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] oxfF w]/} k|sf/sf cGgafnLx¿, hËnL af]6–

r/fx¿ *$$

k'tnL ^#% peor/ $#

df5f !*%

;k'iks %*)^pGo" #*):tgwf/Lx¿ !*!

lx dfnL b]k|

z

t /f O{b]k| z

b]k| z

kxf 8L

la?jfx¿, hLjhGt'x¿, r/fx¿ / ;"Id hLjx¿sf] ljljwtf /x]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfndf;"rLs[t lgDg ;ª\Vofsf jg:klt / hLjhGt'sf hftx¿ tn lbOPsf] 5 .

jg:klt ;ª\Vof hLjhGt' ;ª\Vof!= n]p (Algae) ^*& != sL/f (Insects) ) @@= 9';L (Fungi) !*@@ @= k'tnL (Butterflies) ^##= e\mofp (Lichen) $&! #= :jR5kfgLdf kfOg] df5f

(Freshwater fishes) !*$= sfO{ (Moss) *%# $= peor/ (Amphibians) #%= ;k'iks (Angiosperms) %*)^ %= ;/L;[k (Reptiles) !))^= pGo" (Ferns) #*) ^= r/fx¿ (Birds) *

&= :tgwf/L (Mammals) !*!

-;|f]t M h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f ;|f]t, ;“ufnf], @)%^_

o;sf ;fy} g]kfn Ps ax'hftLo / ax'eflifs b]z ePsfn] oxfF ^) hfltx¿sf & j6fefiffx¿ af]lnG5g\ . oL ljleGg hfltx¿sf cf–cfˆg} wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts / ;fdflhs k/Dk/fx¿5g\ . sltko cGgafnLsf hftx¿ wfld{s, ;fdflhs / cfly{s kIfx¿n] ubf{ ;+/lIft 5g\eg] sltko hftx¿ oxfFsf ef}uf]lns jftfj/0fsf cfwf/df ;+/lIft 5g\ . To;}n] h}ljsljljwtf ;+/If0fdf xfd|f] wd{, ;+:s[ltsf] klg plQs} e"ldsf /x]sf] kfOG5 . xfd|f] b]z If]qkmnsflx;fan] ;fgf] eP tfklg oxfFsf] e"–agf]6, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] ljljwtfn] ubf{ ;+;f/sfcGo b]zx¿sf t'ngfdf o;nfO{ h}ljs ljljwtfsf lx;fan] wgL b]z dflgG5 .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / @

cEof; !!= g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns :j¿ksf] j0f{g u/ .@= g]kfndf jg:klt / jGohGt'sf] ljljwtf x'gfsf d'Vo sf/0fx¿ s]–s] x'g\ <#= g]kfnnfO{ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] wgL b]z dfGg'sf sf/0f s]–s] x'g\ <

@= h}ljs ljljwtf (Biodiversity) eg]sf] s] xf] <

h}ljs ljljwtf eg]sf] k[YjLdf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ hLjx¿sf] hftLo tyf k|hftLo ljleGgtfxf] . cyf{t\ h}ljs ljljwtfleq hLjx¿sf] lsl;d jf k|sf/ / ltgdf kfOg] km/skgf jfljljwtf kb{5g\ . o;n] :ynLo, hnLo, ;fd'lb|s / l;d;f/sf] h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ ;d]ta'emfpF5 . o;nfO{ cª\u|]hLdf Biodiversity elgG5 . of] zAb 'Bio' / 'Diversity' ldn]/ag]sf] xf] . o; ;Gbe{df 'Bio' sf] cy{ hLj jf hLjg x'G5 eg] 'Diversity' sf] cy{ ljljwtfjf leGgtf xf], To; sf/0fn] 'Biodiversity' jf h}ljs ljljwtf eg]sf] hLj÷÷÷÷÷hLjgsf]leGgtf eGg] a'emfpF5 . o;nfO{ o;/L klg eGg ;lsG5 – 'Bio' means 'life' and 'Diversity'

means 'variety'. Biodiversity is the variety of life that exists on the earth.

h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ tLg txdf ;d]6\g ;lsG5 M–-s_ kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL ljljwtf (Ecosystem diversity)

-v_ k|hftLo ljljwtf (Species diversity)

-u_ cfg'jf+lzs ljljwtf (Genetic diversity)

-s_ kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL ljljwtf (Ecosystem diversity)

kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLn] xfd|f j/k/sf cyf{t\ k[YjLdf /x]sf ljleGg 7fpFx¿ / hLjx¿sf]jf;:yfg, h:t}M hËn (Forest), 3fF;] d}bfg (Grassland), l;d;f/ (Wetland), d?e"ld(Desert) / pRr kxf8 (Mountain), h}ljs ;d'bfo / ltgsf cGt/;DaGwsf] ;+/rgfnfO{a'emfpFb5 . oL ljleGg kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLx¿sf cf–cfˆg} lsl;dsf xfjfkfgL / jftfj/0fx'G5g\, h;n] ubf{ h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ plrt jf;:yfg k|bfg ub{5 . h:t} M pRr kxf8Le]udf kfOg] u'/fF;, rf+}/LufO{ t/fO{df kfOFb}gg\ . t;y{ kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL eg]sf] k|f0fL,jg:klt / ;"Id hLjf0f'x¿sf] ;d'bfo / ltgLx¿sf] ch}ljs -3fd, xfjf, kfgL, df6f] cflb_jftfj/0f;Fusf] cGt;{DaGw xf] . kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL ljljwtf eGgfn], ljleGg kfl/l:yltsjftfj/0faLrsf] leGgtf / To;sf] ;+/rgfdf kfOg] ljleGg jg:klt / hLjhGt'sf] ljljwtfxf] .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / #

-v_ k|hftLo ljljwtf (Species diversity)

k|hftLo ljljwtf (Species diversity) eGgfn] k[YjLdf kfOg] ;Dk"0f{ hLljt j:t'x¿ jf;d"xaLr kfOg] leGgtf xf], h:t} M jg:klt (Plants), hLjhGt' (Animals), ;"Id hLjf0f'(Micro-organisms), 9';L (Fungi) cflb . Ps} k|hfltleq kg]{ hLjx¿sf p:t} ;femfu'0fx¿ x'G5g\ / ltgLx¿aLr k|hgg (Breeding) x'g ;S5 . To;}n] k|hflt ljljwtf eGgfn]ljleGg k|hfltx¿sf] hftLo leGgtf eGg] a'e\mg'kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu tn lrqdfb]vfPh:t} ¿v, ufO{, dfG5], wfg, ds}, sf]bf] cflb km/s k|hfltleq kb{5g\ .

lrq g+= @= kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL ljljwtf

lrq g+= # k|hftLo ljljwtf (Species diversity)

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / $

lxdfn h·n

kfvf]af/L l;d;f/

-u_ cfg'jf+lzs -j+zf0f'ut_ ljljwtf (Genetic Diversity)

cfg'jf+lzs ljljwtf eGgfn] s'g} k|hfltleq jf b'O{ k|hfltleqsf ;Dk"0f{ j+zf0f'ut u'0fx¿sf]lsl;dnfO{ a'emfpFb5 . Pp6} k|hflt jf pkhfltleqsf c;ª\Vo j+zf0f'x¿sf] ;d"x g} cfg'j+flzsjf j+zf0f'ut ljljwtf xf] . pbfx/0fsf nflu tn lrq g+= $ -s_ df b]vfPh:t} ufO{x¿ Pp6}hftleq kb{5g\ . t/ s'g} ufO{sf] l;ª nfdf] x'G5 eg] s'g} ufO{sf] l;ª 5f]6f] x'G5, To:t} s'g}ufO{sf] h'/f] x'G5 eg] s'g}df xF'b}g . o;f] x'gfsf sf/0f oL ljleGg ufO{x¿sf] j+zf0f' (Gene)

km/s–km/s x'G5, h;n] ubf{ k|hflt ljljwtf x'G5 .

lrq g+= $= -s_= Pp6} k|hfltleqsf leGgtf

To:t} tnsf] lrq g+= $ -v_ df ljleGg vfnsf cfFkx¿ 5g\ . o;n] Pp6} cfFk hfltleqsf]cfg'jf+lzs ljljwtf b]vfpF5 . ljleGg cfFkx¿sf j+zf0f' klg km/s–km/s 5g\ / o;sf/0fn]ubf{ Pp6} hfltdf leGgtf cfpF5 . j+zf0f' eg]sf] hLjleq x'g] ;"Id /f;folgs PsfO8L=Pg=P= xf], h;n] Pp6f ;Gtltaf6 csf]{ ;Gtltdf hLjgsf u'0fx¿ ;fb{5 cyf{t\ cfˆgfa'afcfdfsf u'0f 5f]/f5f]/Ldf÷÷÷÷÷;Gtltdf ;fb{5 .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / %

l;ª ePsf] ufO{{{ h'/f] ePsf] uf]?

h'/f] gePsf] ufO{{{h'/f] ePsf] uf]?

8L=Pg=P=-j+zf0f'sf] PsfO_

cEof; @!= h}ljs ljljwtf eg]sf] s] xf] / oL slt k|sf/sf x'G5g\ <@= ljleGg kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLsf] pbfx/0f b]pm / o;sf] h}ljs ljljwtfaf/] 5nkmn u/ .#= k|hfltljljwtf eg]sf] s] xf] <$= cfg'j+flzs ljljwtf eg]sf] s] xf] / of] s] sf/0fn] x'G5 < pbfx/0f;lxt :ki6 kf/ .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / ^

#= h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj / ;+/If0fsf pkfox¿

h}ljs ljljwtf / To;sf txx¿sf af/]df xfdLn] cufl8 g} 5nkmn ul/;Sof}+ . ca xfdLh}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj / ltgsf] ;+/If0faf/] s]xL a'emf}+ .

h}ljs ljljwtfn] k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf dfgjhLjgnfO{ rflxg] j:t'x¿ k|bfg ub{5 .xfdL xfd|f k'vf{ afh], xh'/afh]sf kfnfb]lv g} vfBfGg, cf}ifwf]krf/, sk8f, af;sf ;fy}cf}Bf]lus sRrf kbfy{ cflb k|fKt ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5f}+ . oL ;a} h}ljs ljljwtfaf6 lnOPsfk|ToIf kmfObfx¿ x'g\ . To:t} ck|ToIf ¿kdf h}ljs ljljwtfn] kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLsf] ;Gt'ngu/L e"–Ifo lgoGq0f, af9Lklx/f] /f]syfd, :jR5 jftfj/0f cflb k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . vf;

lrq g+= $= -v_= ljleGg y/Lsf cf“kx¿

nf]xf]/] r'n];L dfnbx

b;x/L aDa} lu|g lu6\7]

gfO6]

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / &

u/L s[lif If]qdf h}ljs ljljwtf cyf{t\ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf (Agro - biodiversity) sf]dxŒj k|ToIf ¿kdf emNs]sf] s'/fsf] JofVof xfdL qm|dzM kl5 ub}{ hfg]5f}+ .

lrq g+= %= h}ljs ljljwtfdf ePsf] qmlds x|f; / o;sf] c;/

clxn]sf] cj:yfdf ljZjel/ g} h}ljs ljljwtfsf] x|f; a9\bf] qmddf 5 / xfd|f] b]zdf klgof] qmd al9/x]sf] 5 . o;sf sf/0fx¿ d"ntM lgDgfg';f/ /x]]sf 5g\\ –

l jf;:yfgsf] x|f; (Habitat loss)

l jgljgfz (Deforestation)

l cj}w lzsf/ (Illegal poaching)

l Psn v]tLk|0ffnL (Monoculture)

l sL6gfzs ljiffbLx¿sf] cTolws k|of]u (Heavy use of pesticides)

l k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] Joj;foLs/0f (Commercialization of natural resources)

l dfgj /xg;xgdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g (Change in human life style)

jgljgfzn] ubf{ ljleGg h}ljs jg:kltx¿ dfl;G5g\ h;n] ubf{ kz'kIfLsf] jf; klg gi6x'G5 . kz'kIfL sL/fx¿sf] ;ª\Vof 36\bf k/fu;]rg k|lqmof 36\g uO{ ljljwtf x|f; x'g]ub{5 . t;y{ Pp6f k|hfltsf] ljgfzn] c¿ y'k|} k|hfltnfO{ c;/ kfb{5 .

ljqmd ;+jt\ @)@!ljqmd ;+jt @)$^

h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ljZjdf g} 7"nf] r'gf}tL / ;d:ofsf ¿kdf b]lv+b} cfPsf] 5 .ljleGg afnL tyf jg:kltsf hfltk|hfltx¿ qmdzM nf]k xF'b} uPsf 5g\ . w]/} ls;fgx¿n]k/Dk/fut afnL / hftx¿sf] v]tL 5f]8]/ ljsf;] hftx¿ nufpg yfn]sf 5g\ . ufpFaf6cfDbfgL / /f]huf/Lsf vf]hLdf hgzlQm zx/lt/ knfog ePsf] 5 . a9\bf] hg;ª\Vofsf]rfk, a9\bf] a:tL, zx/Ls/0f, af9Lklx/f] cflb sf/0fn] s[lifafnL, jg:kltsf hftx¿sf]If]qkmn / jf;:yfg 36\bf] qmddf ePsfn] ljgfzsf] ult al9/x]sf] 5 . ljZjsf] If]qkmndfg]kfnn] )=!Ü e"–efu dfq cf]u6] klg h}ljs ljljwtfsf b[li6n] ;DkGg b]z g]kfnn] o;sf]klxrfg, ;b'kof]u / clen]v /fv]/ h}ljs ljljwtfsf nflu ;hutfk"j{s ;ts{tf ckgfpg'kg]{a]nf cfO;s]sf] 5 .

$= s[lÈ h}ljs ljljwtf (Agro-biodiversity) eg]sf] s] xf] <

h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj / ;+/If0fsf] cfjZostf a'lem;s]kl5 ca xfdL s[lif h}ljsljljwtfnfO{ a'e\mg] sf]l;; u/f}+ . h}ljs ljljwtfleqsf] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ / 7"nf] c+z s[lifh}ljs ljljwtf (Agro-biodiversity) n] cf]u6]sf] 5 . s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] 5nkmneGbfcufl8 s[lif eg]sf] s] xf] eGg] a'e\mg' h?/L 5 .

s[lif eGgfn] k|foM xfdL vfBfGg afnLsf] pTkfbg eGg] a'e\m5f}+ tfklg s[lif eg]sf] v]tLkftLdfdfq ;Lldt geO{ cfly{s dxŒjsf afnLla?jfx¿ -vfBfGg afnL, gub] afnL cflb_ tyfkz'kIfLkfng / ltgLx¿af6 k|fKt x'g] / k|of]udf cfpg] kbfy{x¿sf] k|zf]wg / To;sf]pkef]u klg xf] . xfdLn] vfg] vfgf -vfBfGg afnL_, nufpg] sk8f -gub] afnL_ / cGob}lgs pkef]u ug]{ j:t'x¿ s[lifdf lge{/ 5g\ . t;y{ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfleq, ;a} k|sf/sfafnLx¿ (Crops), kz'kIfL (Livestock) tyf ltgsf hËnL k|hfltx¿ la?jf, hLjhGt'÷÷÷÷÷

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / *

cEof; #!= h}ljs ljljwtfsf k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf kmfObfx¿ s]–s] x'G5g\ < n]v .@= ljZjdf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] x|f; lsg a9\9f] qmddf 5 < o;sf] ;+/Ô0fsf nflu

s] ug'{knf{ <

r/fr'?ËL tyf ltgsf hËnL k|hftLx¿ / oL ljifodf cGt/lglxt hflt÷÷÷÷÷k|hflt k/fu;]rsx¿(Pollinators), sL6ktË (Insects), ;"Id hLjf0f'x¿ (Microorganisms) cflb kb{5g\ . lrqg+= ^ df pNn]v ePe}+m s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfn] w]/} s'/fnfO{ ;d]6\b5 . t;y{, s[lif h}ljsljljwtf eg]sf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] d'Vo c++z xf], h;n] s[lif pTkfbgnfO{ a9L k|fyldstflbO{ lbuf] hLljsf]kfh{g / s[lif kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL :ynsf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{gdf ljz]if 6]jfk'¥ofpF5 . j}1flgsx¿n] s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ o;/L kl/eflift u/]sf 5g\ –

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfn] afnLsf ljleGg hftx¿, kz'sf hflt÷÷÷÷÷k|hfltx¿, ;"Id hLjf0f'x¿ /ltgaf6 ljsl;t cGo hLjf0f'x¿ h'g k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf vfB, s[lif, dfgjkf]if0f tyf3/kfn'jf jf cw{3/kfn'jf kz'–cfxf/df k|of]u ul/G5g\, tL ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\b5 . ;fy} o;n]v]tLk|0ffnLeGbf aflx/sf cGo jf;:yfg / k|hfltx¿ h;n] s[lifnfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofpg] /kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLsf] sfo{ clej[l4 ug]{ j:t'x¿nfO{ klg ;d]6\b5 . oL ;a} lrhx¿ s[lifh}ljs ljljwtfleq kb{5g\ -x]j'8 !(((_ .

lrq g+= ^= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] Ps emns

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / (

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf Ml ldl>t s[lif kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL

(Mixed agroecosystem)

l vfBfGg afnL÷÷÷÷÷hftx¿(Food crop species/varieties)

l kz' / df5fsf k|hfltx¿(Livestock and fisheries/species)

l jg:klt÷÷÷÷÷kz' cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]t(Plant/animal genetic resources)

l v]taf/Lsf df6fdf x'g] ;"Id hLjx¿(Soil microorganism in cultivated land)

l hËnL k|hfltx¿ k|ToIf ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g]jf gZn;'wf/df k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] k|hfltx¿(Wild species used directly or indirectlyfor varietal/breed improvement)

l :yfgLo 1fg÷÷÷÷÷;Lk tyf ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf(Local knowledge/skill andcultural diversity)

lrq g+= &= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf

$=! s[lif afnL k|hfltx¿sf] pTklQ:yfg

s] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 < xfdLn] pkof]u ug]{ ljleGg afnLx¿sf] pTklQ (Origin) sxfF ePsf]xf] < pbfx/0fsf nflu xfdLn] ;a}eGbf a9L t/sf/L vfg] afnL cfn' xf] . t/ s] o;sf]pTklQ g]kfndf ePsf] xf] t < xf]Og, o;sf] pTklQ blIf0f cd]l/sfsf] k]¿, OSjf8f]/, af]lnleofIf]qdf ePsf] xf] . kl5 dfq dflg;x¿n] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf k}mnfPsf x'g\ . To:t} c¿vfBfGg afnLx¿ klg ljleGg 7fpFx¿df k}mlnPsf 5g\ . t;y{ xfdL ca x]/f}+ s'g afnLsf]pTklQ sxfFaf6 ePsf] xf] < lgsf]nfO{ Oefgf]eLr Eoflenf]e (Nicolai Ivanovich Vavilov),

Ps /l;og jg:kltlj1n] aL;f}+ ztfAbLdf v]tL ul/g] afnLx¿sf] (cultivated crops)

pTklQ af/]df Pp6f tYo lgsfn]sf lyP h'g tYocg';f/ h}ljs ljljwtf ePsf If]qx¿dftL afnLsf hflt÷÷÷÷÷k|hfltx¿sf] pTklQ ePsf] x'G5 . tn b]vfOPsf afnLsf pTklQ log}lj1sf tYodf cfwfl/t 5g\ .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / !)

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / !!

pTklQ b]z afnLOlyof]lkof M skmL, h'g]nf], hf}d]l86l/og M hO{, uxF'Plzof dfOgf]/ M hf}, d;'/f], hO{, uxF'dWoPlzof M :ofp, rgf, d';'/f]OG8f] adf{ M eG6f, wfg, t?nOG8f] dnfof M s]/f, gl/jn, pv'rfOgf M h'g]nf], sf]bf], e6df;dWocd]l/sf M l;dL, ds}, uf]ne+]8fk]¿ – o'Sjf8f]/ – af]lnleof M l;dL, cfn'blIf0f lrnL M cfn'a|flhn – kf/fUj] M abfdpQ/ cd]l/sf M ;"o{d'vL k"mnklZrd clk|msf M sf]bf], h'g]nf]pQ/ o"/f]k M hO{

cEof; $!= xfd|f] b]z g]kfndf s'g–s'g afnLx¿sf] pTklQ eP xf]nf <

lrq g+= *= ljleGg afnLsf hflt÷÷÷÷÷k|hfltx¿sf] pTklQ:yfg

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / !@

lgsf]nfO{ Oefgf]eLr Eoflenf]e jg:klt–lj1 x'g\ . pgsf] hGdpGgfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] cGTolt/ /l;ofdf ePsf] xf] . jfg:kltsljljwtf / o;sf hËnL k|hfltx¿sf] s[lif pTkfbgdf pkof]uLug{ ;lsg] tYo kQf nufpg] Eoflenf]e k|yd j}1flgs x'g\ .

$=@ s[lÈ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj

xfdLn] o;eGbf cufl8 s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfaf/] s]xL yfxf kfof}+ . ca xfdL s[lif h}ljsljljwtfsf] dxŒjaf/] 5nkmn ug]{5f}+ .

h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj lsg <

lrq g+= (= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj

d t w]/} hftsfafnLx¿ /f]K5'' .

cfxf ! ds},lk+8fn', af]8L, df;t Sof /fd|f !

sL/fn] ds} t ;vfkkf¥of], t/ c¿afnLx¿ /fd|} 5g\ .

df; ;f6]/ ds}sf] aLpNofp“5' . cGo afnLx¿t /fd|f 5g\ lg .

d t ds}}dfq/f]K5' .

cfxf ! ds}} tSof /fd|f !

sL/fn] ds} t;vfk kf¥of],ca s] ug]{ <

d}n] kl/jf/ s;/LkfNg] < csf]{ jif{ds}sf]] aLp sxf“af6Nofpg] <

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / !#

xfd|f] j/k/sf v]taf/L (Farmland), 3/af/L (Homegarden) jf s/];faf/L (Kitchengarden)

df xfdLn] w]/} y/Lsf cGgafnLx¿, kmnk"mn, t/sf/LafnLx¿ / kz'kIfLx¿ b]Vb5f}+ .s] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 olt w]/} y/Lsf afnLx¿ / kz'kIfLx¿ lsg /flvG5g\ < lsgeg]xfdLnfO{ b}lgs pkef]usf nflu ljleGg lrhx¿sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . xfd|f ljleGgcfjZostfx¿ k"/f ug{sf nflu ljleGg afnLx¿, af]6–la?jfx¿ / kz'x¿nfO{ ;+/If0fug'{kb{5 . lrq g+= !) df b]vfOPcg';f/ xfdLn] xfd|f ljleGg b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'sf ;fy}cGo cfjZos j:t'x¿ h:t} M df5f, df;', b'w, h8La'6L, xfdL a:g] af; cflb ;a} s'/fxfdLn] s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfaf6 k|fKt ub{5f}+ . To:t}, k|lts"n jftfj/0fdf klg cGgafnLpdfg{ ;S5f}+ -lrq g+= (_ . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df wfgsf] v]tL ;d'b|;txb]lv sd prfO ePsf]emfkfsf] s]rgfsng -^) ld=_ b]lv a9L prfO ePsf] h'Dnfsf] hpnf] -@*%) ld=_ ;Ddug]{ ul/G5 . Pp6} wfgafnLdf klg ljleGg v]tsf nflu ljleGg wfgsf hftsf] cfjZostfkb{5 . h:t}M 9fk÷÷÷÷÷l;ddf x'g] wfg -ef6L_, ;'Vvf÷÷÷÷÷kfgL sddf klg x'g] wfg -dg;/f, sf7]

lrq g+= !)= h}ljs ljljwtfsf pkoF]lutfx¿

df;'sf] cfk"lt{

3f“;bfp/fsf] cfk"lt{

vfBfGgsf] cfk"lt{

h8La'6Lsf] cfk"lt{

sf7kftsf] cfk"lt{b"wsf] cfk"lt{

$=# s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfdf x|f;

s[lif tyf v]tLkftLsf] k|f/De cfheGbf sl/a !@ xhf/ jif{ klxn]b]lv g} ePsf] kfOG5 .o;sf] yfngL xfd|f k'vf{ jf dfgjhfltn] hËnL jg:kltx¿af6 aLp ;Íng u/L cfˆgf]jf;:yfg j/k/ /f]Kg / 5fGg yfn]kl5 ePsf] xf] . xfn ljZjdf k|rlnt em08} &,)))k|hfltsf afnLx¿dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L k|of]u x'g] afnLx¿sf pbfx/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M–

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / !$

cEof; %= hf]8f ldnfpm9fk÷l;d M 3}ofwfg6f“8L÷s;'Vvf M ef6Laf:gf cfpg] wfg M cgbLcf}iflw x'g] wfg M h]7f]a"9f]÷af;dtL

u'bL{, 3}of wfg_ cflb . To:t} km/s–km/s :jfb / af:gfsf nflu 5'6\6} vfnsf wfgsfhftx¿ nufOG5g\, h:t} M af:gf cfpg] wfg -h]7f]a"9f], af;dtL_ / cf}iflw x'g] wfg -cfFuf/ cgbL_ cflb . t;y{, ljleGg hflt k|hfltx¿sf cf–cfˆg} lsl;dsf jftfj/0f / u'0fx¿x'G5g\ h;n] ubf{ To:tf jftfj/0fsf] plrt k|of]u u/L xfdLn] cfˆgf] cfjZostfk"lt{sfnflu ljleGg j:t'x¿sf] pTkfbg ub{5f}+ .

To;}n] ljleGg xfjfkfgL / 7fpFsf] plrt pkof]usf nflu / xfd|f] b}lgs hLjgsf y'k|}cfjZostfx¿ kl/k"lt{sf nflu s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] e"ldsf cToGt} dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . s[lifh}ljs ljljwtf a9L ePdf s[lif tyf s[lifdf cfl>t pBf]ux¿nfO{ kmfObf k'Ub5 / ljleGgk|hfltx¿sf] jf;:yfg / kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLsf] ;Gt'ng klg x'G5 eGg] s'/f xfdLn] yfxfkfof}+ . Tolt dfq xf]Og, s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj vfBfGg ;'/Iff (Food security) tyfpTkfbsTj a9fpg, v]tLk|0ffnLnfO{ a9L l:y/, :j:y / lbuf] agfpg, pTkfbgdf ljljwtfNofpg, cfDbfgL a9fpg, df6fsf] ;+/If0f, k|fs[ltskg / pj{/fzlQm a9fpgdf klg pNn]Vo5 .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / !%

cGgafnLdf M wfg, ds}, uxF', sf]bf], hf}t/sf/Ldf M cfn'bfnafnLdf M e6df;, l;dLkmnk"mn M s]/fgub] afnL M skf;

xfdLn] hfGg'kg]{ s'/f s] xf] eg] ljut !)) jif{leqdf sl/a &%Ü s[lif afnLsf cfg'j+flzs;|f]tx¿ (Crop Genetic Resources) nf]k eO;s]5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu rLgdf lrlgofFx¿n];g\ !($) lt/ sl/a !),))) lsl;dsf uxF'x¿ 5g]{] uy]{ eg] xfn ;g\ !(&) sf]tYofÍcg';f/ sl/a !,))) lsl;dsf uxF' dfq nufPsf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . To:t}, ef/tdf#),))) hlt wfgsf k|hflt /f]Kg] rng lyof] eg] xfn cfP/ wfgv]tLsf] &% k|ltzt hltwfgv]tdf hDdf !) j6f wfgsf k|hfltx¿ dfq a9L dfqfdf v]tL ul/Psf] e]l6G5 . oL tb'O{ 7"nf d'n'ssf s'/f eP . cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf x|f;sf] sf/0fn]cfheGbf #) jif{ cufl8 cGt/f{li6«o jg:klt cfg'j+flzs ;|f]t ;+:yf (IPGRI) sf] :yfkgfO6nLdf ePsf] xf] (website:http:www.ipgri.org) . s] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 < xfd|f] b]zdfklg o:tf y'k|} vfBfGg afnLx¿ nf]k eO;s]sf5g\ / cem slt nf]k x'g] qmddf 5g\ .

xfd|f] b]zdf klg y'k|} wfgsf hftx¿ /f]Kg] rng lyof], t/ clxn] xfdL Tolt w]/} wfgsfhftx¿ v]taf/Ldf kfpFb}gf}+ . wfgsf] If]qkmn 36\bf] qmddf 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu af/flhNnfsf] srf]jf{ ufpFdf @)%$ ;fndf ePsf] ;j]{If0fcg';f/ @( y/Lsf wfgsf hftx¿lyP eg] @)%& ;fndf ePsf] k'gM ;j]{If0fcg';f/ !* y/Lsf wfgx¿ dfq} e]l6P . o:tf] /s;/L eof] xf]nf < o;sf d'Vo sf/0fx¿ lgDg 5g\ M–

l :yfgLo afnLx¿sf] aLp ;lhn} gkfOg' .l ;a}n] w]/} kmNg] vfn] afnL dfq nufpg] k|rng a9\g' .l hg;ª\Vof a9\b} uPsfn] wfg nufpg] v]tdf 3/x¿ aGg' cflb .

To;}n], xfd|f s}of}+ cGo vfBfGg afnLx¿ / ltgsf lsl;ddf klg ;Í6 k/]sf] 5 . t/ xfdLn]xfdL;Fu ePsf o:tf s}of}+ vfBfGg afnLx¿ nf]k x'g lbg'x'Gg . lognfO{ ;+/If0f u/]/ /fv]dfxfdLnfO{ eljiodf sfd nfUg]5 . To:t} cGo s}of}+ afnL / af]6la?jfx¿ 5g\, h;nfO{

;+/If0f u/]/ /fv]df eljiodf To;sf] k|of]u u/L gofF hftx¿sf] ljsf; ug{df 6]jfldNg]5 . o;sf ;fy;fy} xfdLn] k|lts"n jftfj/0fdf klg cGgafnL pdfg{ ;S5f}+ .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / !^

$=$ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;/+If0f s;/L ug]{ <

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj / o;sf] ;+/If0fsf] cfjZostfaf/] xfdLn] 5nkmnul/;Sof}+ . ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu d'Votof tLg s'/fsf] ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 . ;a}eGbf klxnf oxfFxfdL;Fu ePsf s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ arfpg'kb{5, To;kl5 oL ljljwtfsf af/]dfcWoog u/L logsf af/]df yfxf kfpg'kb{5 / oL ljljwtfsf] lbuf] pkof]u klg ug'{kb{5 .ca ;+/If0f s;/L ug]{ eGg] af/] klg xfdL 5nkmn u/f}+ . s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{d'Votof b'O{ tl/sfx¿ x'G5g\ M k/–:yfgLo (Ex-situ conservation) ;+/If0f / oyf:yfg÷÷÷÷÷:j–:yfgLo ;+/If0f (In-situ conservation) s'g} afnLsf] ;Dk"0f{ ljljwtfsf ;+/If0fsf] nfluk/–:yfgLo (Ex-situ) / oyf:yfgLo (In-situ) b'j} tl/sfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

-s_ k/–:yfgLo ;+/Ô0f (Ex-situ conservation)

k/–:yfgLo ;+/If0f eg]sf] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu ckgfOg] ljz]if ;+/If0fljlwxf], hxfF s'g} klg jg:klt tyf kz'kIfLsf] h}ljs ;|f]tnfO{ To;sf] k|fs[lts :yfgeGbfaflx/, k/–:yfgLo :yfg h:t} M h}ljs j+zf0f' a}+s (Gene bank), jg:klt pBfg÷÷÷÷÷au}+rf(Botanic garden) jf lrl8of3/ (Zoo), ;fd'bflos aLplahg a}+s (Communiy seed

bank) df ;+/If0f ul/G5 . o; ;+/If0fcGtu{t s'g} h}ljs ljljwtf ;Í6fkGg / nf]kf]Gd'vcj:yfdf (Endangered and threatened) 5 eg] To;nfO{ To;sf] jf;:yfgeGbf aflx/pko'Qm x'g] vfnsf] s[lqd jftfj/0f tof/ u/L ;'/lIft tj/n] /flvG5 .

cEof; ^!= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf eg]sf] s] xf] < pbfx/0f;lxt :ki6 kf/ .@= ljleGg s[lif afnLsf pTklQ:yfg / afnLsf] tflnsf agfpm .#= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf] cfjZostf lsg 5 < o;sf] dxŒjaf/] sIffdf

5nkmn u/ .

h}ljs j+zf0f' a}+sdf (Gene bank) pkef]u ul/g] jf eljiodf pkef]u ug{ ;lsg] afnLgfnLsfaLp jf ltgsf k|;f/0f (propagation) df k|of]u ul/g] efunfO{ ;+/If0f ul/G5 .k/–:yfgLo ;+/If0fljlwdf s'g} klg cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]tnfO{ (Genetic resources) nfdf] ;do-%–%) jif{_ ;Dd cfˆg} cj:yf / kfl/l:yltsLo ¿kdf hu]gf{ u/L /flvG5 . o;/L hu]gf{u/L /flvPsf] j+zf0f' ;|f]tnfO{ k'gM k|of]udf Nofpg'sf ;fy} s'g} klg afnL jf kz'sf] u'0fljsf; ug]{ cfwf/sf ¿kdf lnOG5 . t;y{ o; ljlwåf/f ;+/lIft afnL tyf kz'x¿af6j}1flgsx¿n] ljleGg k|lqmof ckgfP/ gofF lsl;dsf] hft÷÷÷÷÷gZn (New varieties/breed)

ljsf; ug]{ ub{5g\ .

cfhef]ln dflg;, pGgt kz'gZnsf] z'qmsL6 (Sperm) tyf kmnk"mnx¿sf] k/fu÷÷÷÷÷aLpnfO{klg t/n -–!(^)C_ gfO6«f]hgdf /fvL w]/} nfdf] ;dosf nflu ;+/If0f ul/G5 . o;tl/sfnfO{ Crayopreservation elgG5 h'g k/–:yfgLo ;+/If0f (Ex-situ conservation)

sf] gofF k|ljlw xf] . xfd|f] b]zsf] g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ (NARC) cGtu{t s[lifjg:klt dxfzfvf, v'dn6f/df h}ljs j+zf0f' ;|f]t a}+s 5 . ToxfF ljleGg () afnLx¿sfsl/a !),^@! y/Lsf aLpsf gd"gfx¿ ;Íng u/L ;+/If0f ul/Psf] 5 . To:t}cGt/f{li6«o:t/df d'Vo vfBfGg afnLx¿sf] cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]t ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu y'k|};+:yfx¿ 5g\, h:t}M–

l wfgafnL cg';Gwfgsf nflu O/L (IRRI) eGg] ;+:yf lkmlnlkG;df 5 . ToxfF ;+;f/

df kfOg] w]/} h;f] wfgsf hflt tyf k|hfltx¿sf sl/a (),))) eGbf a9L

y/Lsf cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]tx¿ ;+/If0f u/L /flvPsf 5g\ .

l cfn'afnLsf nflu l;k (CIP) eGg] ;+:yf k]¿df 5 . oxfF klg ;+;f/sf cfn'sf]

cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]t ;+/lIft tj/n] /flvPsf] 5 .

l uxF'÷÷÷÷÷ds}sf nflu l;ld6 (CIMMYT) eGg] ;+:yf d]lS;sf]df 5 .

l t/sf/LafnLsf nflu P=eL=cf/=8L=;L= (AVRDC) gfds ;+:yf tfOjfgdf 5 .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / !&

oL dfly plNnlvt ;+:yfx¿ vfBfGg afnLsf aLpx¿sf k/–:yfgLo ;+/If0fsf nflu:yflkt cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfsf pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ . o;af/] ce}m a9L yfxf kfpgsf nflu tnsf]7]ufgfdf sDKo'6/ OG6/g]6af6 x]g{ ;lsG5 . o:tf] cGt/f{li6«o j+zf0f' a}+ssf] ;~hfnnfO{IPGRI n] ;+of]hg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 eg] …ljZjJofkL afnL ljljwtf ;+/If0f sf]ifÚ (Global Crop

Diversity Conservation Trust) n] cfly{s ;|f]t h'6fpF5 .

www.irri.org www.cimmyt.orgwww.cippotato.org www.avrdc.orgwww.ipgri.org

;+;f/el/ sl/a !#)* j6f hlt h}ljs j+zf0f' a}+sx¿ (Genebank) 5g\ h;df sl/a nfveGbf a9L PS;];gx¿ (Accession) ;'/lIft tj/n] ;+/If0f ul//flvPsf 5g\ .

lrq g+= !!= k/:yfgLo ;+/If0f

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / !*

If]qLo k/:yfgLo ;ª\slnt h}ljs j+zf0f' a}+sx¿ / PS;];g

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / !(

If]qx¿ PS;];g h}ljs j+zf0f' a}+s;ª\Vof Kf|ltzt ;ª\Vof Kf|ltzt

clk|msf #%#%@# ^ !@$ !)Nofl6g cd]l/sf ^$@$)% !@ @@& !&pQ/ cd]l/sf &^@)^! !$ !)! *Pl;of !%##(&( @* @(# @@o"/f]k !(#$%&$ #% $(^ #*dWok"j{ #@&(^# ^ ^& %hDdf %%%$%)% !)) !=#)* !));L=hL=cfO{=P=cf/= %(#!(! !@hDdf

o;/L h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ k|fs[lts jf;:yfgeGbf aflx/ klg hu]gf{ / ;+/If0f ug{ ;lsG5 .xfd|f] b]zsf] lrl8of3/df af3, u}+8f, 8fFk]m, do"/h:tf b'n{e kz'kIfLnfO{ klg ;+/If0ful/Psf] 5 . To;/L g} jg:klt ;+/If0fsf nflu zfxL jg:klt pBfg, uf]bfj/Ln] dxŒjk"0f{e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . ToxfF l;pF8L (Cactus), ;'gfv/L (Orchids), pGoF" (Ferns) / cGo b'n{ejg:kltsf la?jfx¿ ;+/If0f ul/Psf 5g\ . af/f lhNnfsf s[ifsx¿n] ;fd'bflos aLplahga}+sdf :yfgLo wfgsf hftx¿ ;+/If0f u/]/ /fv]sf 5g\ . t;y{, lrl8of3/, jg:kltpBfgx¿ / ;fd'bflos aLplahg a}+s k/–:yfgLo ;+/If0fljlwsf pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ t/k/–:yfgLo ;+/If0f ljlwdf k|fs[lts af;:yfgeGbf km/s 7fpFdf hLljt cj:yfdf /fVg'kg]{ePsfn] of] cln dxFuf] ljlw xf] . ca xfdL ;fd'bflos aLplahg a}+s (Community seed

bank) af/] 5f]6s/Ldf 5nkmn u/f}+ .

;fd'bflos aLp a}+s (Community Seed Bank)

xfdLn] xfd|f] k};f a}+sdf hDdf u5f}{+ / cfjZos k/]sf a]nfdf a}+saf6 lems]/ rnfpF5f}+ clgkm]l/ a}+sdf g} hDdf u5f}{+ . To;/L g} aLpsf] klg a}+s x'G5 . of] ;d"xn] ldn]/ ug]{ sfdePsfn] o;nfO{ ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s elgPsf] xf] . o; a}+sdf ljz]if u/]/ ljleGg afnLx¿sfy/Ly/Lsf aLpx¿ hDdf ul/G5g\ / cfjZos k/]sf a]nfdf s[ifsx¿n] ToxL a}+saf6 nu]/

/f]K5g\ / csf]{ jif{ ToxL a}+sdf 8]9Ldf jf ;d'bfon] to u/]sf] lgodcg';f/ lkmtf{ u/L hDdfub{5g\ . ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s k/–:yfgLo ;+/If0f ljlwsf] Pp6f ;fwg xf] / xfn a+unfb]z,ef/t, a|flhn / cGo d'n'sx¿df of] ljlw w]/} k|rlnt 5 eg] xfd|f] b]zdf o;sf] lj:tf/};'?cft x'g yfn]sf] 5 . af/f lhNnfsf] srf]jf{ ufpFdf :yfgLo hftsf ljleGg afnLx¿sfaLp a}+s v'n]sf] 5 . ToxfF w]/} y/Lsf :yfgLo nf]k x'g nfu]sf wfgsf hftx¿ /flvPsf5g\ . o:t} vfnsf] ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s j]ugf;sf] rf}/ ufpFdf klg ;'? x'g nfu]sf] 5 .o;/L ;+/If0f ubf{ x'g] d'Vo kmfObfx¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M

l :yfgLo :t/df g} nf]k x'g nfu]sf aLpx¿sf] hu]gf{ x'G5 .l w]/} s[ifsx¿aLr aLpx¿ ;f6f;f6 x'G5 .l :yfgLo :t/df s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f x'G5 .l :yfgLo :t/df aLp pknAw x'G5 .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / @)

lrq g+= !@= ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s

;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, srf]jf{, af/f

s[lif ljsf; / ;+/If0f ;dfh, af/f lhNnfsf] srf]{jf uf=lj=;=df cjl:yt s[ifsx¿sf] ;d"xxf] . o; ;d"xn] nL–a8{ (LI-BIRD) kf]v/fsf] k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf Ok|L (IPGRI) / srf]jf{uf=lj=;= sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;fd'bflos aLp a}+ssf] :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . o; a}+ssf] d'Vo

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / @!

p2]Zo eg]sf] ToxfF ePsf :yfgLo nf]k x'g nfu]sf vfBfGg afnLx¿ h:t} M wfg, sf]bf], /x/,l3/f}]+nf cflbsf aLpx¿ hf]ufO/fVg] / To; ufpFsf s[ifsx¿nfO{ o:tf aLpx¿ ;lhn} pknAwu/fpg' xf] . o;sf nflu s[ifs dlxnf÷÷÷÷÷k'?ifsf] ;xeflutfdf Pp6f ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 .

l o; ;ldltsf] sfd eg]sf] s[ifsx¿af6 aLp ;Íng ug'{ / s[ifsx¿nfO{ rflxPsf]a]nfdf pknAw u/fpg' xf] .

l xfn o; ;fd'bflos aLp a}+sdf nf]k x'g nfu]sf :yfgLo @@ y/Lsf wfgsfhftx¿, % y/Lsf :yfgLo l3/f}+nfsf hftx¿ / @ y/Lsf /x/sf hftx¿sf] aLp;Íng u/L ;+/If0f ul/Psf] 5 .

l o; a}+sdf sl/ofsfdf]b, nNsf af;dtLh:tf ;fx|} dL7f / a;fpg] wfgsf hftx¿;Íng u/L /flvPsf 5g\ . oL wfgx¿ af/fdf nf]k x'g nfu]sf wfgx¿dWo]dfkb{5g\ . ca ToxfFsf s[ifsx¿n] ;lhn} aLp kfpg] x'gfn] o;sf] If]qkmndf j[l¢ePsf] 5 .

l To:t}, ;f7L wfg af/fsf s[ifsx¿nfO{ 57 kj{df geO{ gx'g] wfg xf] . of] wfgsf]aLp klg s'g}–s'g} ls;fg;Fu dfq kfOGYof] / yf]/} s[ifsx¿n] nufpFy] t/ xfncfP/ ;fd'bflos aLp a}+sn] o;sf] z'4 aLp ;Íng u/L w]/} s[ifsx¿nfO{ aLppknAw u/fPsf] 5 / s[ifsx¿n] ;f7L wfg nufpg yfn]sf 5g\ .

cEof; &!= ltd|f] ufp“df kfOg] :yfgLo cGgafnLx¿sf] gfd n]v .@= ltdLn] cfk\mgf cfdf–a'af÷÷÷÷÷xh'/a'af, xh'/cfdf;“u ;f]w]/ 3/df ePsF aLp dfu clg

;fyLefOl;t sDtLdf klg kf“r y/Lsf aLp ;f6f;f6 u/ . To;kl5 tn lbOPsf a“'bfx¿;d]6]/ o;af/] Pp6f ;fgf] n]v, n]v .X ltd|f] 3/df ePsf afnLsf] aLp / ;fyLnfO{ lbPsf afnLsf] ;"rL tof/ u/ .X ltdLn] slthgf ;fyLnfO{ aLp lbof} / s:tf] 7fp“df nufpg] ;Nnfx lbof} < n]v .X ltdLn] lbPsf aLpsf s]–s] u'0fx¿ 5g\, ltgsf af/]df ;fyLnfO{ atfpm .X ltdLn] sf]–sf] ;fyL;“u aLp lnof} / s'g–s'g afnLsf] aLp lnof} < n]v .X ltdLn] lnPsf] aLpsf] s] pkof]u 5 / To;nfO{ s;/L /f]Kg] ljrf/ u/]sf 5f} <

;lj:tf/ n]v .

ca, xfdL :j–:yfgLo (In-situ conservation) ;+/If0faf/] cln lj:t[t ¿kdf 5nkmnu/f+} .

-v_ :j–:yfgLo ;+/If0f (In-situ conservation)

:j–:yfgLo ;+/If0fnfO{ xfdL oyf:yfg ;+/If0f klg eG5f}+ hxfF h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fo;sf] cfˆg} k|fs[lts jftfj/0f tyf jf;:yfgdf g} ug]{ ul/G5 . o; ;+/If0f k4ltdf s'g}klg aLp, la?jf, jg:klt / hgfj/nfO{ cf–cfˆg} jf;:yfgdf ;Def/ / ;+/If0f ul/G5 .pbfx/0fsf nflu s[ifssf] v]taf/Ldf pAhfpg] wfg, ds}, uxF', sf]bf] / jghËndf kfOg]¿vla?jf, hgfj/, xfd|f] b]zsf /fli6«o lgs'~hx¿ (National parks) h:t} M zfxL lrtjg/fli6«o lgs'~h / ;+/If0f If]qx¿ (Conservation area) h:t} M hËnL wfg / :yfgLo df5fk|hflt ;+/If0f If]q, ¿kftfn cflb .

lrq g+= !#= :j–:yfgLo ;+/If0f

oyf:yfg ;+/If0f (On-farm Conservation)

s[ifsx¿n] cfˆgf kf/Dkl/s afnLx¿ pb\ej :ynd} nufpg], 5gf]6 ug]{ / ;f6f;f6 ug]{k|lqmofnfO{ oyf:yfg ;+/If0f elgG5 h'g afnLx¿df nfu" x'G5 . t;y{ :j–:yfgLo;+/If0fdf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f o;sf] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fdf g} ul/G5 . :j–:yfgLo

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / @@

lrq g+= !$= :j–:yfgLo h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f

;+/If0fn] k|hflt / cfg'jf+lzs ljljwtfnfO{ dfq ;+/If0f gu/L qmdfg'ut pTklQ(evolutionary), ljsf; / kl/jlt{t jftfj/0fLo cj:yfdf klg qmlds ljsf;sf qmdnfO{lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ub{5 .

cEof; *!= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu k/–:yfgLo ;+/If0fn] s] – s:tf]

e"ldsf v]Nb5 < n]v .@= :j–:yfgLo (In-situ) tyf oyf:yfg (On-farm) ;+/If0f eg]sf] s] xf] /

o;sf s]–s] kmfObfx¿ 5g\ <

o; k4ltaf6 s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fdf vfBfGg afnLsf ljleGg k|hflt cyf{t\ pk–k|hfltx¿sf] ;+/If0fsf ;fy} k/Dk/fut v]tLk|0ffnL / ltgaf6 x'g] afnLljsf;sf] k|lqmofdfklg 6]jf k'Ub5 . :j–:yfgdf af]6la?jfx¿n] kl/jlt{t jftfj/0fdf cg';/0f ub}{ ljsl;tx'G5g\ / s[ifsx¿n] log} ljsl;t gofF hftx¿ cyjf k|hfltx¿af6 cfk"mnfO{ pkof]u x'g]vfnsf k|hflt 5gf]6 u/L v]taf/Ldf /f]K5g\ . To:t} j}1flgsx¿nfO{ klg s'g} afnLsf] cyf{t\af]6la?jfsf] cWoog ug'{k/]df To;sf] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fdf g} cWoog ug]{ cj;/ ldN5 .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / @#

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / @$

%= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] :j–:yfgLo÷÷÷÷÷oyf:yfg ;+/If0f

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf / oyf:yfg ;+/If0faf/] xfdLnfO{ yfxf eof] . ca s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{:j–:yfg ;+/If0f lsg ug]{ eGg]af/] 5f]6s/Ldf 5nkmn u/f}+ .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] :j–:yfg ;+/If0fnfO{ v]taf/Ld} ul/g] ;+/If0f (On-farm

conservation) klg elgG5 . cyf{t\ oyf:yfg eGgfn] k|fs[lts jf;:yfgdf h]hltjg:klt÷÷÷÷÷af]6la?jfsf ;ª\Vof 5g\ jf v]tL gul/Psf jg:klt ;d'bfo tyf s[lifkfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL (Agroecosystem) df cfwfl/t ls;fgsf v]taf/Ldf /x]sf jg:klt,cGgafnL, vfBfGg afnL cflbsf] cj:yfnfO{ a'emfpF5 .

:j–:yfgLo (In-situ) ;+/If0fdf ls;fgs} cj:yf / pgLx¿s} ;lqmo ;xeflutfdf ;+/If0ful/Psf :yfgLo afnLsf :yfgLo hftx¿ kb{5g\ . To;sf/0f :j–:yfg afnL;+/If0f eGgfn]cfg'j+flzs ;+/If0fdfq geP/ s[lif kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf] klg ;+/If0f x'G5, h;af6cfg'jf+lzs ljljwtfnfO{ hf]ufpg'sf ;fy} ;+jw{g / k|jw{g klg eO/xG5 . o; ;+/If0fk4ltn]cfg'jf+lzs :t/sf ;fy} kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL:t/df klg ;+/If0f ub{5 . To;}n] :j–:yfgLo;+/If0fljlwn] s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fdf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5 . o;cGtu{t s'g} klgaf]6la?jf jf s[lifafnLnfO{ :yfgLo :t/df x's{g], a9\g] jf ToxL+sf] jftfj/0fdf ;fd~h:osfod ub}{ qmlds pGglt k|lqmof ckgfpg a9fjf lbOG5 . o;n] ubf{ kfl/l:yltsLo,k|hftLo / j+zf0f'ut txdf ljljwtf ;+/If0f ug{ 6]jf ldNb5 / :yfgLo :t/df s[ifs;d'bfosf] afnL j+zf0f'ut ;|f]tdf kxF'r x'G5 .

^= :j–:yfg (In-situ) s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf nflu ePsf k|of;x¿

sf:sL lhNnfsf] n]vgfy gu/kflnsfdf kg]{ a]ugf; ufpFdf g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\(NARC), nL–a8{ (LI-BIRD) / cGt/f{li6«o jg:klt cfg'j+flzs ;|f]t ;+:yfg (IPGRI)

gfds ;+:yfx¿ ldn]/ …oyf:yfg h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f sfo{qmdÚ ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ .:j–:yfg ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ;+;f/sf cGo d'n'sh:t} leotgfd, df]/f]Ssf], d]lS;sf] /a'/lsgfkFm;f]df klg ;~rflnt 5 . o; sfo{qmdn] :yfgLo :t/df s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf;+/If0f ug{df ljleGg tf}/–tl/sf ckgfP/ ;d'bfodf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0faf/] r]tgfclej[l4 u/]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu h}ljs ljljwtf;DaGwL nf]suLt, tLh] uLt, u|fdL0f

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / @%

sljtfofqf, lrqsnf, xflh/L hjfkm k|ltof]lutf, lgaGw k|ltof]lutf, h}ljs ljljwtfk|bz{gL / ;fd'bflos h}ljs ljljwtf clen]vh:tf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ .o:tf w]/} sfo{qmdx¿dWo] h}ljs ljljwtf k|bz{gL, h}ljs ljljwtf clen]v / u|fdL0fsljtfofqfaf/] xfdL yf]/} 5nkmn ug]{5f}+ .

-s_ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf k|b{zgL (Agro-biodiversity Fair)

xfd|f] ufpF7fpFdf x'g] d]nf, xf6ahf/df ljleGg ;/;fdfgx¿ a]rlavgsf lglDt /flvPh:t}h}ljs ljljwtf k|bz{gLdf s[ifs ;d'bfox¿n] cf–cfˆgf ufpF7fpFdf kfOg] ljleGg cGgafnL,t/sf/LafnL, h8La'6L OToflbsf ljleGg k|hfltx¿nfO{ Pp6f lglZrt :yfgdf NofO{ k|bz{gsflglDt /fVg] ub{5g\ .

d'Votof h}ljs ljljwtf k|bz{gLn] :yfgLo afnLsf cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]t (Local crop

genetic resources) / s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] oyf:yfg ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg (On-farm

conservation and management) ug'{k5{ eGg] r]tgf hg:t/df clej[l4 u/fpg ;xof]uu5{ . xfn of] h}ljs ljljwtf k|bz{gL g]kfn / leotgfdsf] :j–:yfg ;+/If0fdf lgs}k|rlnt ePsf] 5 .

h}ljs ljljwtf k|bz{gLnfO{ s'g} :yfgLo ;d'bfo / cg';Gwfgstf{n] cfk\mgf] 7fp“;'xfp“bf] ¿kdf :j–:yfg ;+/If0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ a9fjf lbg k|of]u ug{ ;S5 .

lrq g+= !%= :j–:yfg s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf d]nfsf] Ps emns

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / @^

v_ ;fd'bflos h}ljs ljljwtf clen]v(Community Biodiversity Register)

;fd'bflos h}ljs ljljwtf clen]v eg]sf] s'g} klg:yfgLo ;d'bfo jf :yfgLo ;+3–;+:yfn] cfˆgfufpF7fpFdf /x]sf] cGgafnL, af]6la?jf / kz'kIfLsf]ljljwtfaf/] l6Kk0fL u/L /fv]sf] clen]v xf] . o;clen]vn] cfˆgf] ufpF7fpFdf ePsf ljljwtfsf] 1fgnf]kf]Gd'v x'gaf6 cg'udg ug{ d2t ug'{sf ;fy}:j–:yfg ;+/If0faf/]df :yfgLo :t/sf] gLltlgb]{zgtof/ kfg{ k|]/0ff lbG5 . sf:sL lhNnfsf] a]ugf;tyf af/f lhNnfsf] srf]{jf ufpFsf ls;fgx¿n] ;fd'bflos h}ljs ljljwtf clen]v /fVg;'? ul/;s]sf 5g\ . t;y{ :yfgLo h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ltgLx¿sf] l6Kk0fLug]{ o; ljlwnfO{ c¿ 7fpFx¿df klg lj:tf/ ug{ h?/L 5 .

-u_ u|fdL0f sljtfofqf (Rural Poetry Journey)

u|fdL0f sljtfofqf klg hg;d'bfoaLr h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0faf/] hg–r]tgf clej[l4ug{sf nflu k|of]udf NofOPsf] gf}nf] dfWod xf] . o; sljtfofqfdf, slj÷÷÷÷÷sjloqLx¿ s'g}klg lglb{i6 :yfgdf e]nf eO{ ToxfFsf] j:t'l:ylt, k|fs[lts jftfj/0f jf h}ljs ljljwtfaf/]sljtf n]V5g\ clg ToxfF pkl:yt hg–;d'bfonfO{ cfk"mn] n]v]sf sljtf ;'gfpF5g\ . o;/Lsljtfdfk{mt klg hg;d'bfodfem h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0faf/] hg–r]tgf clej[l4 ug{;lsG5 . tn k|:t't sljtf a]ugf; ufpFdf slj÷÷÷÷÷sjloqLx¿n] …u|fdL0f sljtfofqf @) Úsfo{qmddf n]v]sf sljtfx¿ x'g\, h;sf] ;+of]hg kf]v/]nL o'jf ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/n] u/]sf]lyof] / cfof]hs gfs{, nL–a8{ / Ok|L lyP .

cEof; (!= :j–:yfg ;+/Ô0fsf nflu hg–dfg;df s;/L r]tgf hufpg ;lsG5 <@= h}ljs ljljwtf k||bz{gLn] :j–:yfgLo ;+/If0fdf s:tf] e"ldsf v]Nb5 <#= ;fd'bflos h}ljs ljljwtf clen]v eg]sf] s] xf] < :ki6 kf/ .

lrq g+= !^= ;fd'bflosh}ljs ljljwtf clen]v

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / @&

-3_ ;+:s[lt / h}ljs ljljwtf (Culture and Biodiversity)

kf]v/f

-df3] ;ª\qmflGtsf cj;/df nL–a8{, kf]v/f / >L sDKn]S; k|f=ln= åf/f cfof]lht sf:sL lhNnfJofkLdfWolds ljBfno :t/Lo lgaGw k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd :yfgk|fKt lgaGw_

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / @*

w]/} s'/f x/fO;s]

w]/} s'/f x/fO;s] tkfO{+xfdLdfem .h;sf] aLp e]l6+b}g, vf]h] klg cfh ..ef]ln o:t} /xG5g\ ls, /xFb}+{gg\ afnL .cfh}af6 hf]ufcf}+ xh'/, xfd|f afnLgfnL ..w]/} s'/f xfd|} ufpFsf, dL7f kmnk"mn .pGgt hftsf] :jfb x'Gg, hlt u/ an ..lbpF;f] 3/ gagfP, ?g'k5{ ;fFem .w]/} s'/f x/fO;s], tkfO{+xfdL dfem ..rf8 dfGg] cgbLsf], aLp /fVg la;]{ .;Gtltn] ef]ln ;f]Wnfg\, s:tf] x'GYof] n6\6] <c¿ b]zdf gkfOg], wfg xfd|} 7fpFsf] .o:tf] wfgnfO{ hf]ufP lbbL, kL/ gdfg efpsf] ..;a} s'/f hf]ufO/fVg', xfd|f] sfdsfh .

h;sf] aLp e]l6+b}g, vf]h] klg cfh ..

– k|s6 ku]gL ‘lzj’‘;Dkbf @)%%’

;f“lr/fvf}+

;fFr]/ /fvf}+ ldn]/ ;a}, ljljw aLhnfO{ .;+/If0f u/f}+ gkmfnf}+ v]/, cd"No rLhnfO{ ..dxŒjk"0f{ hËnL wfg, hfFbf] 5 nf]k eO{ .glbpFm ca lanfpg o;nfO{ kmfF6df /f]k x} ..gu/]b]lv ;+/If0f o;sf] lanfOhfg]5 .Psb'O{ ub}{ ef]ln t ;a} ljnLg x'g]5g\ ..nfg]5g\ xfd|f oL aLhnfO{, ljb]zL 7fpFdf .clg t k|rf/ ug]{5g\, o;nfO{ ljb]zs} gfpFdf ..xfdLn] xfd|} xf] eGgnfO{, Oltxf; /fVg'k5{ .oL kmfF6el/ ;+/If0f afnL, /f]k]/ 9fSg'5 ..hf]ufO/fv] ljsl;t ¿kdf, pTkfbg o;sf]km}nfpg ;lsG5 .gfef] / h]7f]a"9f]sf] ;fy}, kx]+n] dG;'nL .k'mnfO{ kmnfO{ ljsl;t, ¿kdf nfg'5 lxpFr'nL ..nxnx u/L wfgsf afnf, em'n]sf] kmfF6df .;'/Iff u/f}+ oL wfgnfO{, ot}sf] df6fdf ..t;y{ o;nfO{ gkmfnf}+ v]/, ;+/If0f u/f}+ aLhktg x'g glbpFm ca, o:tf cd"No rLh ..kmnsf cgdf]n aLhx¿nfO{, /fd|/L 5fg]/ .;'/Iff u/f}+ nf]k xF'b}+ uPsf], sf/0f hfg]/ ..

– s]z' zdf{‘;Dkbf @)%%’

a]ugf; ufp“sf] h}ljs ljljwtf

lrq g+= !&= a]ugf; ufp“sf] h}ljs ljljwtf

a]ugf; ufpF g]kfnsf] u08sL c~rnsf] sf:sL lhNnfdf kb{5 . of] ufpF ;d'b| ;txaf6^^* ld= b]lv !$)) ld= sf] prfOdf cjl:yt 5 . a]ugf; / ¿kftfn klg oxL ufpF–cGtu{t kb{5g\ . oL tfnx¿afx]s %, ^ j6f cGo ;fgf tfnx¿ klg oxL+ kb{5g\ . oxfF y'k|}cGgafnLsf k|hfltx¿, ljleGg k|hfltsf r/fx¿ / jGohGt'sf k|hfltx¿ kfOG5g\ .

a]ugf;sf s[ifsx¿n] h}ljs ljljwtf k|bz{gLdf efu lnPsf lyP . ToxfF pgLx¿n] lgDgafnLsf y'k|} k|hfltx¿ k|bz{gLdf NofPsf lyP .

wfg &% k|hfltx¿ -h:t}M cgbL, lemg'jf, cfFuf, PSn], hg]{nL cflb_l3/f}+nf @! k|hfltx¿ -h:t}M 5f]6f] ;]tf], nfdf] ;]tf], lv/f}+nL cflb_lk+8fn'÷÷÷÷÷ss{nf] #% k|hfltx¿ -h:t}M xfQLkfp, v'h'/], v/L, b"w], k~rd'v] cflb_sf]bf] #% k|hfltx¿ -h:t}M e\mofk], ;DwL, jif]{ cflb_

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / @(

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / #)

cEof; !)!= xfdLn] a]ugf; ufp“sf] h}ljs ljljwtfaf/] yfxf kfof}+ . ca ltdLn] ltd|f]] ufp“df ePsf

wfgsf] h}ljs ljljwtfaf/] ;"rL tof/ kf/ .@= ltd|f xh'/af, xh'/cfdf;“u a;]/ jxf“x¿sf kfnfdf ePsf wfgsf h}ljs ljljwtfx¿sf]

klg ;"rL tof/ kf/ .#= ca ltd|f kfnfdf ePsf] h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ xh'/afcfdfsf kfnfsf] h}ljs ljljwtf;“u

t'ngf u/ / s]–s] hflt, k|hfltx¿ x/fP/ uP < n]v .$= clxn] ltd|f] ufp“df slt h}ljs ljljwtf 5g\ < tL s]–s] x'g\\ < ;fyLx¿;“u 5nkmn

u/ / tL k|hfltx¿ s;/L hf]ufpg ;lsG5 < ;fyLx¿;“u 5nkmn u/L u'?,u'?cfdfx¿nfO{ atfpm .

&= h}ljs ljljwtf;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw

h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwx¿ y'k|} ePsf 5g\ h:t} /fd;f/dxf;lGw !(&!, ljZj ;Dkbf dxf;lGw !(&@, ;fOl6; !(&#, h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGw!((@ . tLdWo] xfdL ;g\ !((@ df a|flhnsf] l/of] lb h]g]l/of]df ePsf] …h}ljs ljljwtfdxf;lGwÚ (Convention on Biological diversity) af/] 5f]6s/Ldf 5nkmn u/f}+ . h}ljsljljwtf dxf;lGwdf xfn;Dd !&@ /fi6«x¿n] x:tfIf/ u/L cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . xfd|f]b]z g]kfnn] klg h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf nflu ;g\ !((@ h'gdf o; dxf;lGwdfx:tfIf/ u/]sf] lyof] . o; dxf;lGwsf d'Vo p2]Zox¿ tLgj6f 5g\ M

a]ugf;df kfOg] r/fr'?ª\uL / jGohGt'x¿sf] ljj/0f M

r/fx¿ !) k|hfltsf -h:t} M lu4, sflnh, s'Ss', cflb_

:tgwf/L, jGohGt' ## k|hfltsf -h:t} M r/Laf3, efn' cflb_

;/L;[k jf 3;|g] hGt' !$ k|hfltsf -h:t} M 5]kf/f], wfdg, s/]t, y's]{ cflb_

df5f @@ k|hfltsf -h:t} M sfF8], ef]6L, jfukmu]6f, afd cflb_

Eofu'tf ^ k|hfltx¿ kfOG5g\ .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / #!

l h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ .l h}ljs ljljwtfsf] lbuf] pkef]u ug]]{ .l cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]tsf] pkef]uaf6 pknAw x'g] nfenfO{ Gofof]lrt /

;dfg'kflts 9+un] ljt/0f ug]{ .

o; dxf;lGwsf s]xL cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ Ml ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«sf hgtfn] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu u/]sf of]ubfgnfO{

dfGotfk|bfg ug'{ .l h}ljs ljljwtf k|s[ltsf] b]g dfq xf]Og, a? ;fd'bflos lqmofsnfksf] pkh xf]

eGg] tYonfO{ dfGotf lbg' .l h}ljs ljljwtf ljleGg ;+:s[lt, 1fg, k4lt / hLjgz}nLsf sf/0fn] ;[lht x'G5

/ o;}af6 o;sf] hu]{gf klg x'G5 eGg] tYonfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug'{ .l h}ljs ljljwtfsf] :j–:yfgLo ;+/If0f k/:yfgLo ;+/If0feGbf lbuf] x'G5 eGg]

tYonfO{ cËLsf/ ug'{ .l :yfgLo ;d'bfo / /fHosf] h}ljs ljljwtfk|ltsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;+/If0f u/] dfq} h}ljs

ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu k|f]T;fxg ldNb5 eGg] tYonfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{ .l h}ljs ljljwtfsf] lbuf] pkof]u / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;|f]taf6 k|fKt x'g] nfenfO{

;dGoflos ljt/0f ug{sf nflu cfjZos gLlt / sfo{qmdx¿ th'{df ul/g'kb{5eGg] tYonfO{ dfGotf k|bfg ug'{ .

h}ljs ljljwtf /fi6«sf] ;DklQ xf] eGg] dfGotf h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGwn] lbO;s]sf]cjut eof] xf]nf . t/ xfnsf jif{x¿df h}ljs ljljwtfsf wgL b]zx¿af6 ljsl;t b]zsf7"nf sDkgLx¿n] h}ljs rf]/L u/]/ kmfObf lnO/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] xfdL h}ljs rf]/Lsf af/]dfs]xL 5nkmn u/f}+ .

cEof; !!!= h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/Ô0fsf nflu ePsf cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwx¿ s'g–s'g x'g\ <@= h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGw !((@ df xfn;Dd sltj6f /fi6«x¿ ;+nUg 5g\ /

o;sf k|d'v p2]Zox¿ s]–s] x'g\ <

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsaf / #@

*= h}ljs rf]/L (Bio-piracy)

h}ljs rf]/L zAb ;'Gbf crDd nfU5 xf]nf, jf:tjdf h}ljs rf]/L eGgfn] s'g} klg aflx/LJolQm jf Jofkfl/s ;+:yfn] hfgsf/ JolQm, ;d'bfo jf /fi6«af6 s'g} klg :yfgLo 1fg,;Lk, ;Dkbf, ;"rgf jf j}1flgs 1fg lgMz'Ns lnG5 / tL 1fg jf ;Dkbfdf :jTj (Patent)

k|fKt u/L Psflwsf/ xfl;n ub{5 eg] o;nfO{ xfdL h}ljs rf]/L ePsf] eGb5f}+ . o;/LPsflwsf/ k|fKt u/]kl5 ltg} JolQm jf Jofkfl/s ;+:yfn] ToxL 1fg ;Lk tyf ;Dkbfsf]k|of]unfO{ /f]s nufpg ;S5g\ .

o;/L Psflwsf/ k|fKt u/]kl5 s[ifs, ;d'bfo÷÷÷÷÷/fi6«n] cfˆgf] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk /;Dkbfsf] pkef]u ug{ kfpFb}gg\ / pkef]u u/]jfkt s/÷÷÷÷÷;nfdL (Royalty) ltg'{kg]{ x'G5 .xfd|f] 1fg, ;Lk / ;Dkbfsf] n]vfhf]vf /fvL eljiodf cfOkg]{ o:tf h}ljs rf]/Lsf]/f]syfdsf nflu xfdLn] t'?Gt} plrt sbdx¿ rfNg'kg]{ x'G5 . h}ljs rf]/Lsf] /f]syfd ug{:yfgLo ;+3;+:yfx¿n] :yfgLo h}ljs /}yfg] 1fgsf] k~hLs/0f u/]/ To;sf ljljwtfsf]cg';Gwfg ub}{ ;b'kof]u ug{ cu|;/ x'g'k5{ . of] g} h}ljs rf]/L /f]Sg] ;jf]{Qd ljlw xf] .

h}ljs rf]/Lsf] Pp6f pbfx/0f x]/f}+ x} t M

;g\ !((& df cd]l/sfsf] /fO; 6]s sDkgLn] af;dtL wfgdf kf6]G6sf nflu o"=P;= kf6]G6P08 6«]8dfs{ clkm; (US Patent and Trademark Office) af6 :jTj k|fKt u¥of] . o;sf]dtna /fO; 6]s sDkgLn] af;dtL wfgdf Psflwsf/ k|fKt u/]sf] xf] . o;/L Psflwsf/k|fKt u/]kl5 s'g} klg /fi6«÷÷÷÷÷s[ifs÷÷÷÷÷JolQmn] To;sf] Jofkf/ ug{ ldNb}g . olb s;}n] af;dtLwfgsf] Jofkf/ u/]df To;afkt sDtLdf klg @) jif{sf nflu /fO; 6]s sDkgLnfO{ s/÷÷÷÷÷;nfdL(Royalty) a'emfpg'kg]{ x'G5 .

s] Tof] af;dtL wfg xfdL;Fu 5}g / < cGo b]zx¿ h:t} M ef/t, a+unfb]z, kfls:tfgdf5}g / < of] af;dtL wfg xfdLn] nufpg kfpg] jf gkfpg] < o;} ;Gbe{df jGbgf lzjf eGg]ef/tLo dlxnf j}1flgs / pgsf] ;+:yfn] of] :jTjsf] lj/f]w ug{] cu'jfO lnP/ pQm af;dtLwfgsf] :jTj vf/]h u/] . To;}n] xfdLn] klg xfd|f h}ljs ;|f]tx¿ yfxf kfO/fVg'kb{5 .o;sf] clen]v /fVg'kb{5 ;fy} k|of]u ug'{kb{5 . o;/L xfdLn] clen]v /fVg ;Sof}+ eg] dfqxfd|f h}ljs ;DklQnfO{ dfgjLo lxtsf nflu k|of]u ub}{ rf]/L x'gaf6 hf]ufpg ;Sg]5f}+ .

cEof; !@!= h}ljs rf]/L eg]sf] s] xf] < :ki6 kf/ .@= h}ljs rf]/L ePdf JolQm, ;d'bfo / /fi6«nfO{ x'g] a]kmfObfx¿ s]–s] x'g\ < n]v .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / ##

cg';/0fck'ikscfg'j+lzs ljljwtfcfg'jf+lzs ;|f]tpRr kxf8pTklQpGo"Psn v]tLk|0ffnLs/÷÷÷÷÷;nfdLsfO{sL6gfzs ljiffbLsL6ktËs[lif h}ljs ljljwtfs[lif kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLvfB ;'/IffvfBfGg afnL÷÷÷÷÷hftx¿v]taf/Lv]tL ul/g] afnLu|fdL0f sljtfofqf3/af/L3fF;] d}bfglrl8of3/lrqsnfhËnhËnL k|hfltx¿hLjhGt'h}ljs rf]/L

;fGble{s zAbfjnL

: Adapt

: Cryptogams

: Genetic diversity

: Genetic resource

: Mountain

: Origin

: Ferns

: Monoculture

: Royalty

: Lichen

: Insecticide

: Insects

: Agro-biodiversity

: Agro-ecosystem

: Food security

: Food crop species/varieties

: Farmland

: Cultivated crop

: Rural poetry journey

: Home garden

: Grassland

: Zoo

: Drawing

: Forest

: Wild species

: Fauna

: Bio-piracy

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / #$

h}ljs ljljwtfh}ljs ljljwtf k|bz{gLh}ljs ljljwtfsf] x|f;e\mofp9';LtLh] uLtgofF hft÷÷÷÷÷gZngZn;'wf/k/–:yfgLo ;+/If0fk/fu;]rskfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL ljljwtfkz' / df5fsf k|hfltx¿k|hggk|hftLo ljljwtfk|;/0fd?e"ldldl>t s[lif kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLoyf:yfg ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg/fli6«o lgs'~hn]pnf]suLtjgljgfzjg:kltjg:klt pBfgjfg:klts÷÷÷÷÷kz' cfg'j+lzs ;|f]tjf;:yfgjf;:yfg x|f;j+zf0f'

: Biodiversity

: Biodiversity fair

: Biodiversity loss

: Moss

: Fungi

: Teej songs

: New varieties/breeds

: Breed improvement

: Ex-situ conservation

: Pollinators

: Ecosystem diversity

: Livestock and fish species

: Breeding

: Species diversity

: Propagation

: Desert

: Mixed agro-ecosystem

: On-farm conservation and management

: National park

: Algae

: Folk songs

: Deforestation

: Flora

: Botanic garden

: Plant/animal genetic resources

: Habitat

: Habitat loss

: Gene

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / #%

;+s6fkGg / nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yf;+/If0f If]q;f+:s[lts ljljwtf;k'iks;fd'bflos h}ljs ljljwtf clen]v;fd'bflos aLp a}+sl;pF8Ll;d;f/;'gfv/L;"Id hLjf0f':yfgLo 1fg;Lk:yfgLo afnLsf h}ljs ;|f]t:jTj:j–:yfgLo ;+/If0fxflh/L hjfkm k|ltof]lutf

: Endangered and Threatened

: Conservation area

: Cultural diversity

: Phanerogams

: Community biodiversity register

: Community seed bank

: Cactus

: Wetland

: Orchid

: Micro-organism

: Local knowledge/skill

: Local crop genetic resources

: Patent

: In-situ conservation

: Quiz contest

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / #^

;Gbe{;fdu|L

CIP-UPWARD. (2003). Conservation and Sustainable Use of Agricultural Biodiversity.A Sourcebook. International Potato Centre-Users' Perspectives with AgriculturalResearch and Development, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. 3 Volumes.

FAO. (1998). The State of the World's PGR for Food and Agriculture. FAO, Rome.

Gauchan, D., Sthapit, B. R. and Jarvis, D.I. (eds). (2002). AgrobiodiversityConservation On-farm: Nepal's Contribution to a Scientific Basis for National PolicyRecommendations, IPGRI, Rome, Italy.

Jarvis, D.I., Myer, L., Klemick, H., Guarino, L., Smale, M., Brown, A.H.D., Sadiki, M.,Sthapit, B. and Hodkin, T. (2000). A Training Guide for in-situ Conservation On-farm.Version 1. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.

LI-BIRD. (2004). Strengthening the Capacity of Community Seed Bank forEnhancing Local Seed Security and On-farm Conservation. Final technical report.

Oli, K.P. (ed.). (1996). Environmental Study of Nepal's Begnas and Rupa Lakes NPC/IUCN. National Conservation Strategy Implementation Project.

Quek, P and Haliza, H. I. (2002). Plants Conservation Activity Book, ENSEARCH,Kualalumpur

Rana, R. B. (2004) Varietal diversity: Monitoring Temporal and Spatial DiversityOn-farm. Chapter IV. PhD thesis. University of Reading, U.K.

Rana, R.B, Rijal, D.K., Gauchan, D., Sthapit, B.R., Subedi, A., Upadhaya, M.P., Pandey,Y.R. and Jarvis, D.I. (2000). NP Working paper No. 2/2000. In-situ Crop Conservation:Findings of Agro-ecological, Crop Diversity and Socio-economic Baseline Surveyof Begnas eco-site, Kaski and Bara, Nepal. NARC/LI-BIRD, Nepal/IPGRI, Rome, Italy.

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf M ;xuf]uL k'l:tsf / #&

Rijal, D.K., Rana., R., Subedi, A. and Sthapit, B.R. (2000). Adding Value to Landraces:Community Based Approaches for In-situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Resourcesin Nepal. In: Friis- Hansen, Esbern and Bhuwon Sthapit (eds). 2000. ParticipatoryApproaches to the Conservation and Use of Plant Genetic Resources. InternationalPlant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.

Shiva, V. [on-line] The Basmati Battle and its Implications for Biopiracy and Trips.URL://www.poptel.org.uk/panap/latest/basmati/htm.

Shiva, V. (1998). Ecology in International Trade: A Small-scale Perspective, in WTOas a Conceptual Framework for Globalization, Global Publication Foundation,Uppsala.

>L % dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/Ô0f sf]if -@)%^_ . ‘jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lzÔf’ ;|f]t k':ts .

n]vgfy a]Naf;], gf/fo0f a]Naf;] -@)^)_ . ‘h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/Ô0f’ ;|f]t ;“ufnf] .

nL–a8{, gfs{, Ok|L -@)%%_ . ‘;Dkbf’ u|fdL0f sljtfofqf .

dw';"bgk|;fb pkfWofo -@)^)_ . clåtLo ljljwtf xfsf–xfsL jif{ ^ c° ! .