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Lipídios e Membranas

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Page 1: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

Lipídios e Membranas

Page 2: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 3: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

Fórmula geral de triglicerídeos – Gorduras

E outros derivados

Page 4: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 5: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

Glicerol + H3PO4 →

X= açúcar

Page 6: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 7: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 8: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 9: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

:

~50 nm!!!

Fluidez, “Força” para não romper,PermeabildadeFusão

Page 10: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 11: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 12: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

Como deve ser a permeabilidade da membrana no Tm?

Page 13: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 14: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

Ponto de fusão em geral função linear com P.M.

Para bicamadas processo cooperativo ponto de fusão noAquecimento é diferente da fusão!

Page 15: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

Bactérias-controle da fluidez da bicamada Insere ác.graxo insaturadoTm ↓

Transição de Fase de Ác. Graxos,Saturado alto! Insaturado Baixo!

Mamíferos – insere colesterol Tm alarga....

Page 16: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 17: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 18: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

óleo de San Lorenzo

Page 19: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 20: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 21: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

“Gordura Trans é encontrada em vários alimentos: Batata frita, Pipoca de microondas, Margarinas.Óleos Vegetais parcialmente hidrolisados..

Page 22: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 23: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value or %DV. Scientific reports link trans fat (and saturated fat) with raising blood LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels, both of which increase your risk of coronary heart disease, a leading cause of death in the US.

Important: Health experts recommend that you keep your intake of saturated fat, trans fat and cholesterol as low as possible as part of a nutritionally balanced diet."

The Harvard School of Public Health is more direct in its warning against intake of trans fats: "Trans fats are even worse for cholesterol levels than saturated fats because they raise bad LDL and lower good HDL. While you should limit your intake of saturated fats, it is important to eliminate trans fats from partially hydrogenated oils from your diet." Source Harvard SPH

Page 24: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

When it was discovered that eating saturated fats increases the risk for coronary heart disease, the food industry turned to partial hydrogenation. This process lowerd the content of saturated fat in vegetable shortening and margarine, but also dramatically increased the amount of a certain kind of fat - trans fat - in our diets. While suppliers praised processed vegetable oils as healthy unsaturated and cholesterol-free substitutes for animal fats, there is now strong evidence that introducing trans-fatty acids into our diets does more harm than good.introducing trans-fatty acids into our diets does more harm than good.

Page 25: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

Omega 3

Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)

Page 26: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

Os ácidos graxos ômega 3, como o ácido alfa-linolênico, ácido eicosapentaenóico e o ácido docosahexanóico, são ácidos carboxílicos poliinsaturados sem os quais nosso

organismo não funciona adequadamente. Por essa razão, este ácido graxo é chamado de “essencial” e deve ser incluído na dieta alimentar, assim como o ômega 6.

A ingestão do ômega 3 auxilia a diminuir os níveis de triglicerídeos e colesterol total,enquanto que o excesso dele pode retardar a coagulação sangüínea. É um importante

mediadorde alergias e processo inflamatórios, pois são necessários para a formação das

prostaglandinas inflamatórias, tromboxanos e leucotrienos.prostaglandinas inflamatórias, tromboxanos e leucotrienos.

Page 27: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

Omega-3 são ácidos graxos poli-insaturados derivados da comida

Omega-3s (e omega-6s) são denominados essenciais

Peixes de água fria como atum, salmão certas plantas de escuro

Benéficos ao coração inclui efeitos anti-inflamatórios e anticoagualante

Diminui níveis de Colesterol e triglicerídeos

Pesquisas ainda incipientes, maioria de estatística médica e cobaias

Page 28: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 29: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 30: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 31: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

HDL-LDL etc

Page 32: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 33: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

Good and Bad Cholesterol

Are you aware that good and bad cholesterol exist? Good cholesterol is actually a kind of lipoprotein (combination of proteins and lipids) called HDL. It carries cholesterol to the liver, where it is changed to bile salts and eventually the liver, where it is changed to bile salts and eventually sent out of the body. LVDL and LDL are the "baddies" and they are also lipoproteins. They carry cholesterol through the bloodstream to the body cells. But in excess, they may form fatty deposits in the artery walls and block the blood flow.

Page 34: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 35: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 36: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 37: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 38: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 39: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 40: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 41: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 42: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value

Cardiolipina

Page 43: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 44: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 45: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value
Page 46: Lipídios e Membranas · Trans Fat: Experts could not provide a reference value for trans fat nor any other information that FDA believes is sufficient to establish a Daily Value