Govt. Engg . College Jhalawar

Name Kuldeep Gautam

Branch Computer Science and Engineering

College Id. 2007UCS029

Roll No. 07EEJCS028

Training Company

Grras Linux Training and Development Center

Jaipur

Software Installation

In Linux Software is install two types:

First:

rpm Command:

Rat hat Packet Manager

What is an RPM Package?

It’s a piece of software, all put in one RPM file.

• For example, I am using the. . . let’s see. . .

$ rpm -q evince -

evince-0.5.1-3. . . software package to display these notes.

• The name of the package is evince.

• The version of the package is 0.5.1

• The release is 3

Advantages of RPM packages:

You can install a new package easily with one operation

You can uninstall a package just as easily

the package can contain information about what else it needs to work

properly

The RPM system includes a database with lots of Information about

how the files should be installed, their size, owner, type,. . .

rpm Commands:

rpm -qa | less

list all installed software packages

rpm -q httpd

show the version of the httpd package, if it is installed

rpm -qa | grep httpd

show all installed packages that have httpd in their name

rpm -ql httpd

list all files in the httpd package

rpm -qd httpd

list all documentation files in the httpd package

rpm -qc httpd

list all configuration files in the httpd package

rpm -qi httpd

display information about the package

rpm -V httpd

verify that the httpd package is correctly installed

rpm -qf /etc/passwd

determine which package the /etc/passwd file belongs to

rpm’s problem:

rpm tool requires dependency resolution

program x depends on library y

library y must be in place

if library y isn’t there, you must obtain an install it separately

finding library y can be hard

library y has its own dependencies

Second:

The Yellow dog Updater, Modified (YUM) is an open-source

command – line package - management utility for

RPM-compatible Linux operating systems

Released under the GNU General Public License It was

developed by Seth Vidal and a group of volunteer

programmers.

Yum repositories

A separate tool, createrepo, sets up yum repositories, generating

the necessary XML metadata

Yum Steps:

Install createrepo by rpm command

rpm -ivh createrepo

Create repo of Software pakages

createrepo -v pakage name

Create a repo file in yum.reposd with extension

.repo

Do entry in repo file by following method:

[software name]

baseurl=file:///pakage path

gpgcheck=0

Clean up yum

yum clean all

Install the softwares

yum install soft ware_name

Uninstall soft wares

yum remove soft ware_name

D.N.S. Server

Domain Name System:

DNS is a network service that enables clients to

resolve names to IP address and vice-versa.

Allows machines to be logically grouped by domain

names

Provides email routing information

D.N.S. Hierarchy:

A DNS server maintains the name to IP address mapping of the domain

for which it is the name server.

The DNS server for a domain is registered with the domain registrar

and the entry is maintained by the Internet Root-Servers or

Country Level Root-Servers.

Whenever a server is queried, if doesn’t have the answer, the root

servers are contacted.

The root servers refer to the DNS server for that domain

(in case the domain is a top level domain) or the Country

Root Server (in case the domain is country level domain).

Port No.: 53

Soft wares : bind

bind-utils

caching-nameserver

Configuration steps of D.N.S.:

First:

Install the soft wares which is used in D.N.S.

bind-utils is already installed

yum install bind

yum install caching-nameserver

Second:

Open the configuration file /etc/named.conf and do

the entry following:

Third:

Go to /var/named

command cd /var/named

Copy the localhost.zone file into the forward file

command cp localhost.zone forward

Copy the named.local file into the reverse file

command cp named.local reverse

Change group of both forward and reverse file:

chgrp named forward

chgrp named reverse

Open the forward , reverse and resolve.conf files and fills

the following entry

Fourth:

Starts the following services

Comm. Service named start

Permanently server on Comm.

chkconfig named on

Fifth:

Lookup the server:

comm. nslookup address (forward)

nslookup ip address (reverse)

Lookup of www.gecj.ac.in

Reverse lookup of 172.24.0.254

Look up of kuldeep.gecj.ac.in

Reverse lookup of 172.24.0.254

Web Server(Apache Server)

The Apache HTTP Server, commonly referred to as Apache Web

Server software notable for playing a key role in the initial

growth of the World Wide web

Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of

developers under the auspices of the Apache Software

Foundation

Apache supports a variety of features, many implemented as

compiled modules which extend the core functionality.

These can range from server-side programming language

support to authentication schemes. Some common

language interfaces support Perl, Python , Tcl and PHP

Virtual hosting allows one Apache installation to serve many

different actual websites. For example, one machine

with one Apache installation could simultaneously

serve

www.example.com, www.test.com,

test47.test-server.test.com, etc.

Port No.: 80

Soft wares : httpd

httpd-manual

httpd-devel

Configuration File: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Configuration steps of Web Server :

First:

Install the soft wares which is used in Web Server

Comm. yum install httpd*

Second:

Open the configuration file

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf and do the entry following:

Copy last seven lines and change the following:

Set document root where your index page is save

Set server name which open this page

Set Document Root where your Web pages are saved

Set Server name which you resolve by D.N.S. Server

Third:

Start the service

Comm. Service httpd start

chkconfig httpd on

Fourth:

Open the web pages in the web browser or by command

Comm. elinks www.gecj.ac.in

elinks kuldeep.gecj.ac.in

www.gecj.ac.in

kuldeep.gecj.ac.in