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INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER

1


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1.1 Aims of this Manual...................................................................3

1.2 The Role of the Architect/Consultant ......................................4

1.3 The Pre-Engineered Building Concept ....................................6

1.4 The Merits of Pre-Engineered Buildings .................................7

1.5 Applications of Pre-Engineered Buildings............................11

1.6 The Zamil Steel Organization .................................................16

1.7 The Zamil Advantage ..............................................................19

1.8 Zamil Steel Literature..............................................................22

1.9 Initiating a Request for Quotation..........................................24

1.10 Placing and Tracking an Order ..............................................25

1.1.1.1.1. IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction


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It is with great pleasure that we present youwith the Zamil Steel Technical Manual for Pre-Engineered Steel Buildings, the most comprehen-sive such manual in the industry.The contents of this manual encompass ourentire pre-engineered steel buildings productline. Although this manual contains only ourstandard pre-engineered buildings productsand details, most of these standards are flexible andcan be adapted to broader and more complex limitsto address the increasingly creative applicationsdemanded by todays architects and designers.

Aims of this Manual

We have developed this Manual with the followingaims:

To use as a technical orientation guide and atraining tool to acquaint engineers and architectswith pre-engineered steel buildings in general.

To make available, to architects, designers andowners, the standard details of Zamil Steel

pre-engineered steel buildings for the purposeof encouraging them to incorporate these detailsin their projects and enhance them to meet theirspecific requirements.

To familiarize consultants, contractors andendusers with the operating systems of Zamil Steel and make them aware of the factorsthat affect our level of performance and servicein the following important areas:

Speed of response to requests for quotation Preparation of approval drawings

Completion of erection drawings and shopdetails

Delivery of the final building(s)

To facilitate your interaction with Zamil Steelas we believe that the more you know about ourproducts and our organization the easier it will

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

Section 1.1 : Aims of this Manual 1 of 1

be for you to interact and communicate withMost of our innovative techniques have bthe result of valuable feedback from our regclientele.

A Leader You Can Count On

Zamil Steel is recognized as the largest mafacturer of pre-engineered steel buildings in Aand Africa. Since 1977 we have supplied o20,000 buildings to 45 countries worldwide. ZSteel is continuously expanding and curren

maintains 34 Area Sales Offices located in AAfrica, Europe, North America and South Ame

We know of no other building system manufacthaving the engineering depth or offering the lof service and technical support to enduscontractors, architects and consultants. That become the hallmark of Zamil Steel.

For the Building Planner

Design your next building project in steel frZAMIL STEEL.


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CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.2 : The Role of the Architect/Consultant 1 of 2

No professional group is more important to thesuccess and growth of the pre-engineered steelbuildings industry, and to Zamil Steel, thanarchitects and consultants.

WWWWWe We We We We W elcome your Telcome your Telcome your Telcome your Telcome your T echnical Inquiriesechnical Inquiriesechnical Inquiriesechnical Inquiriesechnical Inquiries

Zamil Steel welcomes technical inquiriesfrom architects and consultants. We are preparedto assist you in writing specifications for pre-engineered steel buildings and to recommendsuitable solutions to your building requirements.Inquiries may be submitted to the attentionof the local area manager (at any of Zamil Steels34 Area Sales Offices throughout the world) or tothe General Sales Manager at Zamil Steel HeadOffice. Zamil Steel will respond professionally andquickly with viable and practical solutions.

No Limit to Architectural ImaginationNo Limit to Architectural ImaginationNo Limit to Architectural ImaginationNo Limit to Architectural ImaginationNo Limit to Architectural Imagination

Many impressive architectural projects have usedpre-engineered steel buildings. Nowhere has this

been more evident than in the USA. Although this

trend is developing in Asia and Africa, still not marchitects on these continents have fully realithe economy, versatility and aesthetic featurepre-engineered steel buildings.

Attend our Product Seminars Attend our Product Seminars Attend our Product Seminars Attend our Product Seminars Attend our Product Seminars

Zamil Steel conducts annual product orientaseminars in regions where Zamil Steel maint

offices.


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The primary purpose of these seminars is tofamiliarize architects and designers with thepre-engineered building industry, to highlight tothem the vast range of applications for pre-engineered buildings and to encourage them toconsider pre-engineered buildings in theirforthcoming building projects.

CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.2 : The Role of the Architect/Consultant 2 of 2

WWWWWe Of e Of e Of e Of e Of fer Customized Supportfer Customized Supportfer Customized Supportfer Customized Supportfer Customized Support

If you have just started work on a new buildproject or if you are working on the initial phasa building project, we urge you to contact the cloZamil Steel Area Office to assist you in finding wthat will make you benefit from pre-engineebuilding systems economy and aesthetics withsacrificing the integrity of your conceptual desZamil Steel will provide proposal drawings building details to you at no cost and without obligation on your part. This support is intendeextend the awareness of professional designand specifiers in the use of pre-engineered sbuildings.

A Zamil Steel Proposal Drawing


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Pre-engineered buildings (PEBs) use a pre-determined inventory of raw materials that hasproven over time to satisfy a wide range of structuraland aesthetic design requirements. This flexibilityallows PEBs to fulfill an almost unlimited range of building configurations, custom designs,requirements and applications.

A pre-engineered steel building is a building shellutilizing three distinct product categories:

Built-up I shaped primary structural framingmembers (columns and rafters)

Cold-formed Z and C shaped secondarystructural members (roof purlin, eave struts andwall girts)

Roll formed profiled sheeting (roof and wallpanels)

Optional structural subsystems are widely

incorporated into pre-engineered buildings andprovide functional as well asaesthetic features.

CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.3 : The Pre-Engineered Building Concept 1 of 1

Functional subsystems include mezzanine floors(including joists and decking),crane runwaybeams (to support crane systems),roof platforms,catwalks , etc.

Aesthetic features include fascias, parapets,canopies and roof extensions .

Until 1990, the use of pre-engineered buildingsconfined mostly to North America and the MidEast. Since then, the use of pre-engineered buildhas spread throughout Asia and Africa where

PEB construction concept has now been widaccepted and praised.

A growing number of prominent internatiocontractors and designers, who previously speciconventional structural steel buildings exclusivhave recently converted to the pre-engineebuilding approach. They now enjoy significant savings and benefits from the faster construccycle resulting from this concept.


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The foundation requirements of pr

engineered steel buildings are fewer and lighThis is due to wider clear span capability of mframes, longer economic bay lengths and loweight of the overall PEB steel structure.

The cost of initial engineering of the structas well as later design revisions, is substantireduced due to the inclusion of the engineecosts within the supply price of the pre-enneered building.

CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.4 : The Merits of Pre-Engineered Buildings 1 of 4

From excavation to occupancy no other buildingsystem matches the pre-engineered building systemwhen it comes to speed and value.

The advantages of pre-engineered steel buildingsare numerous and are the major reason for thespectacular growth of the PEB industry during thepast 50 years. These advantages include:

Low Initial CostLow Initial CostLow Initial CostLow Initial CostLow Initial Cost

The use of tapered built-up primary structuralmembers (columns and rafters) usually resultsin up to a 40% weight advantage for the mainrigid frames when compared to the use of conventional hot rolled sections as primarymembers.

The use of Z shaped secondary structuralmembers (roof purlins and wall girts),particularly the overlapping of the Z shaped

purlins at the frames, results in up to a 30%weight saving for the secondary members whencompared to the use of hot rolled channels aspurlins and girts.

The manufacturing scrap from the productionprocesses of built-up plate members and cold-formed Z sections is typically 75% less thanthe scrap costs generated from the fabricationof hot rolled members.


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Superior QualitySuperior QualitySuperior QualitySuperior QualitySuperior Quality

Design quality is consistent and is based on thelatest USA codes applicable to the design of pre-engineered steel buildings.

Welding is performed by AWS certified weldersand conforms to the latest version of theStructural Welding Code for Steel published bythe American Welding Society.

Raw materials are ordered to ASTM (AmericanSociety of Testing Materials) standards, or

equivalent, and are inventoried at the factoryadequate with mill certificate traceability.

Strict adherence to code-specified design liveload and wind speed ensures that safety anddesign integrity are not sacrificed.

A published standard Quality Plan, withstringent in-house quality control, ensures thatmanufacturing complies with the acceptancecriteria of applicable codes.

An executive level Quality AssuranceDepartment ensures that quality controlchecking procedures are adhered to throughoutthe order processing cycle.

Fast Project ConstructionFast Project ConstructionFast Project ConstructionFast Project ConstructionFast Project Construction

Anchor bolt setting plans and anchor bolts be delivered earlier than the building supplenable the construction of foundations priodelivery of the steel buildings.

Standard building(s) delivery is only 8 we(including engineering time) and may reduced to as low as 6 weeks for special track projects.

Fast erection of the steel building(s) becausestructural members are field bolted using c

user-friendly erection drawings. (The typerection time per erection crew is 1.0 man-hper square meter).

Functional VFunctional VFunctional VFunctional VFunctional V ersatilityersatilityersatilityersatilityersatility

Modular construction. (Both the length andwidth can be increased incrementally).

Large unobstructed space utility. Clear spans up to 80 m.


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Bay lengths up to 10 m. (Use of jack beamsallows bay lengths up to 20 m).

Eave heights up to 30 m. Buildings are easily expandable on all sides

(allowing for future expansion).

Building shell is designed to acceptstocked (custom manufactured) standardaccessories (personnel doors, slidingdoors, roof ventilators, louvers, windows,skylights, etc.)

Building design can incorporate additionalstandard structural subsystems such as

mezzanines, cranes, roof platforms, etc.

Architectural Flexibil ity Architectural Flexibility Architectural Flexibil ity Architectural Flexibility Architectural Flexibility

Aesthetic features such as fascias,parapets and curved eaves greatly enhance thearchitectural appearance of the buildingand empower designers to create uniquebuildings.

Standard and special trims and flashing areavailable in a wide range of shapes, sizes andcolors.

A wide range of wall panel profiles and coprovides diverse architectural accents.

Readily available interface details between sand other faade materials (such as glaziblockwall, curtainwall, etc.) allow for wiapplications.

Low Maintenance and Operating CostsLow Maintenance and Operating CostsLow Maintenance and Operating CostsLow Maintenance and Operating CostsLow Maintenance and Operating Costs

Virtually no maintenance required for wpanels.

Roof panels require only periodic cleaning

Annual washing of eave gutters.

Watertight roofs. (Zamil Steel recommenerection by a certified builder).

Energy efficient roof and wall system(When field insulated with standard fiberginsulation or when clad with insulatTempcon panels, power usage will dramatically reduced).


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CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.5 : Applications of Pre-Engineered Buildings 2 of 5


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Executive ManagementPresident

Senior Vice President

TOWERS ANDGALVANIZING

DIVISION

STRUCTURALSTEEL

DIVISION

Vietnam FactoryEgypt Factory

General Manager General Manager

Saudi Factory

Vice President

General Manager

Customer Service

Marketing

Sales

Products R&D

Engineering

Manufacturing

Quality Control

Construction

Estimating

PRE-ENGINEEREDBUILDINGS

DIVISION

Finance

Human Resources

Purchasing

Facilities Engineering

Information Technology

Quality Assurance

Transport

SHAREDDEPARTMENTS

General Manager Vice President

Builder Development

Maintenance

To appreciate us you must first know us

This section is intended to acquaint you with theZamil Steel organization and to advise you onhow to efficiently interact with the differentgroups within it. Zamil Steel is organized into threedivisions. These are: The Pre-Engineered Buildings Division (PEB) The Structural Steel Division (SSD) The Towers and Galvanizing Division (T & G)

Each division has its own factory and is led by a VicePresident or a General Manager who reports to ZamilSteel executive management, which is comprised of the President and the Senior Vice President.The following corporate departments supportand service all three divisions and are consideredshared resources. Their managers report directlyto the Zamil Steel executive management. Finance Human Resources Purchasing Facilities Engineering Information Technology

Quality Assurance TransportSince this manual is focused on the pre-enginesteel building product line, only the organizaof that division will be presented in detail.

Pre-Engineered Buildings DivisionPre-Engineered Buildings DivisionPre-Engineered Buildings DivisionPre-Engineered Buildings DivisionPre-Engineered Buildings Division

Head Office Organization:The following departments at the Head Offconstitute the core of the Pre-Engineered BuildDivision: Marketing

Products Research & Development (ProdEnhancement, Product Development, Enneering Software Development)

Estimating Customer Service Engineering (Design and Drafting) Manufacturing (Production Control, P

duction, Industrial Engineering, Shipping Plant Maintenance)

Quality Control Construction (Erection and Erecti

Supervision)

CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.6 : The Zamil Steel Organization 1 of 3


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Qatar (Doha)UAE (Dubai & Abu Dhabi)Oman (Muscat)

Yemen (Sanaa)Intercontinental Jordan (Amman)Region Lebanon (Beirut)

India (Chennai)Pakistan (Lahore)Sri Lanka (Colombo)Bangladesh (Dhaka)Czech Republic (Prague)Romania (Bucharest)Greece (Athens)France (Paris)Poland (Warsaw)

Africa Region Egypt (Cairo, Alexandria, Port Said & Assuit)Sudan (Khartoum)Ethiopia (Addis Ababa)Ghana (Accra)South Africa (Johannesburg)

Pacific Region Thailand (Bangkok)Myanmar (Yangon)Vietnam (HCMC, Hanoi & Haiphong)

China (Shanghai)Philippines (Manila)South Korea (Seoul)

CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.6 : The Zamil Steel Organization 2 of 3

ProductsProductsProductsProductsProductsThe following products are manufactured and mar-keted by the Pre-Engineered Buildings Division: Pre-Engineered Steel Buildings Space Frame Structures Insulated Sandwich Panels Open Web Steel Joists Building Components

Area Sales Offices Area Sales Offices Area Sales Offices Area Sales Offices Area Sales Offices

Zamil Steel Sales Department is structured into5 regions: Saudi Region Gulf Region Intercontinental Region Pacific Region Africa RegionAn updated list of Zamil Steel Area Offices andtheir respective sales territories is publishedmonthly by the Marketing Manager at the HeadOffice and may be obtained from any Area Office.

Saudi Region Saudi Arabia (Dammam,Riyadh & Jeddah)

Gulf Region Kuwait (Kuwait City)Bahrain (Manama)


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CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.6 : The Zamil Steel Organisation 3 of 3

Certified BuildersCertified BuildersCertified BuildersCertified BuildersCertified Builders

Certified builders are independent contractors thatare an extension of Zamil Steel in specific salesareas. They have one or more high levelmanagers with extensive experience in pre-engineered steel buildings. Certified builders areappointed for a period of one calender year,renewable subject to continued demonstration of good performance and high ethical standards.Zamil Steel certification of a builder is conditionalupon his continued adherence to Zamil Steelrecommended erection practices, adherence to other

relevant industry valid construction practices andethical business practices. Certification is valid fora defined sales territory.

Certified builders specialize in the turnkeyconstruction of pre-engineered steel buildings whichnormally includes erection services, civil works,foundations, concrete works, finishing, electrical,mechanical, lighting, etc.

Some certified builders offer complementary designand architectural services; some offer a completedesign/build service.

Zamil Steel strongly recommends that the erectionof its buildings be undertaken only by a Zamil Steelcertified builder.

An updated list of certified builders is publishedmonthly by the Marketing Manager at the HeadOffice and may be obtained upon request from anyArea Office.

YYYYYour Interaction with Zamil Steelour Interaction with Zamil Steelour Interaction with Zamil Steelour Interaction with Zamil Steelour Interaction with Zamil Steel

If you are a consultant, a contractor, or an enduseryour interaction with Zamil Steel should be directedthrough one of the following channels:

A Zamil Steel Certified Builder A Zamil Steel Area Office Staff Head Office Marketing Department

We do not encourage direct contact with otdepartments at the Head Office as it is contrarinternal company policies. You are kindly requeto avoid such contact unless specifically direc

to do so by an authorized member of a Zamil SArea Office.


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CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.7 : The Zamil Steel Advantage 1 of 3

Zamil Steel is dedicated to a comprehensivecustomer support program through a wide range of services, some of which are:

Area Offices Area Offices Area Offices Area Offices Area Offices

Area Offices are conveniently located throughoutthe Middle East, Asia and Africa to enable you tohave direct contact with an authorized Zamil Steelcompany representative. From your first request fora quotation through the actual delivery of materials

at your jobsite to the completion of building(s)erection, you are assured that a dedicated ZamilSteel representative is present to assist you everystep of the way. This direct involvement assures youthat your order is being professionally handled.

Consultants and Architects SupportConsultants and Architects SupportConsultants and Architects SupportConsultants and Architects SupportConsultants and Architects Support

This document, compiled by Zamil Steel, is the mostcomprehensive technical manual in the Industry. Itstable of contents makes it aquick reference manual ,easy to use and easy to understand.

Since Zamil Steel has an ongoing product reviewand enhancement program, we reserve the rightto change and improve the products assuch improvements are identified, tested, and

implemented. This manual is annually revisedreissued to keep it current on our products services.

No other company offers a wider range of technical services to consultants and contractoencourage them to exploit the practical featurepre-engineered steel buildings. Zamil Steel assist you in developing an appropriate interdetail (between the pre-engineered steel buildand another building subsystems) withsacrificing the integrity of your overall desconcept. This support is available from the H

Office or through your Area Office contact.

Fast Quotations TFast Quotations TFast Quotations TFast Quotations TFast Quotations T urnaroundurnaroundurnaroundurnaroundurnaround

Every attempt is made to respond to customrequests for quotations in the shortest possible tThe form of the request-for-quotation and engineering complexity of the building gre

affect our response time. Inquiries containseveral special (or complex) buildings may reqestimating at the head office and additiodesign engineering input.



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Comprehensive Quotations and ProposalComprehensive Quotations and ProposalComprehensive Quotations and ProposalComprehensive Quotations and ProposalComprehensive Quotations and ProposalDrawingsDrawingsDrawingsDrawingsDrawings

Zamil Steel provides detailed easy to followquotations, in most cases with proposal drawings, toenable you to verify our understanding of yourrequirements.

Proposal drawings consist of a column layout plan,a cross-section and four wall elevations for eachbuilding. Wall accessories such as doors, windows,

louvers and framed openings are located on theseproposal drawings (when locations are known)giving you an opportunity to confirm or change theirlocation prior to the purchase agreement.

Before you buy you see exactly what you arebuying.

Fast DeliveryFast DeliveryFast DeliveryFast DeliveryFast Delivery

Zamil Steel operates the largestsingle factory forthe manufacture of pre-engineered steel buildingsin the world. Our standard ex-works factory deliverystarts at 6 weeks for relatively uncomplicatedbuildings. The delivery period of an order isprimarily a function of the engineering complexityof the buildings in the project (which affects bothengineering and manufacturing cycle times) and thesize of the project.

Erection SupportErection SupportErection SupportErection SupportErection Support

A Site Specialist, available at each Area Officyour assurance that Zamil Steel buildings erected in strict conformance to the erectdrawings. The Site Specialist provides erectors wsound advice and guidance regarding matereceiving/unloading procedures, jobsite matestorage management, identification of tappropriate erection tools and equipment efficient building erection sequencing. Hinvolvement begins immediately after a jobreleased to fabrication and ends when the job is ferected.

Long TLong TLong TLong TLong T erm Commitmenterm Commitmenterm Commitmenterm Commitmenterm Commitment

Zamil Steel is an established and provmanufacturer of steel buildings. When you deal

Zamil Steel you have the comfort of knowing no matter who your contact is at Zamil Steel, are dealing with a company that honors commitments to you today, tomorrow and long the future.


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Certified BuildersCertified BuildersCertified BuildersCertified BuildersCertified Builders

If you are an enduser a Zamil Steel certified buildercan offer you a complete turnkey service whichsaves you the project management costs of coordinating several subcontractors.

If you are the main contractor, the least that a ZamilSteel certified builder can do for you is to undertakethe erection of the Zamil Steel pre-engineered steelbuilding in a professional and timely manner.Knowledgeable and updated on the most recentproducts, policies and procedures, the certified

builder is your representative within the Zamil Steelorganization.

Future (Building) ModificationsFuture (Building) ModificationsFuture (Building) ModificationsFuture (Building) ModificationsFuture (Building) Modifications

Designs and drawings for your building are stored at

Zamil Steel Head Office archives indefinitely. Thisenables you to refer to Zamil Steel at any time in thefuture to confirm the original design criteria beforeyou plan major modifications to your building. ZamilSteel can perform design calculation checks and willupdate your original erection drawings to bring themto as-built condition.

Future Parts ReplacementsFuture Parts ReplacementsFuture Parts ReplacementsFuture Parts ReplacementsFuture Parts Replacements

Should any accessory or part of a Zamil Sbuilding be damaged or need replacement infuture, all you have to do is call a Zamil Stcertified builder or a Zamil Steel Area Office. component can be supplied by Zamil Steel withshort time and promptly installed by a Zamil Scertified builder.


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CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.8 : Zamil Steel Literature 1 of 2

The following Zamil Steel literature is currentlyavailable and may be obtained from the MarketingManager at Zamil Steel Head Office or from anyZamil Steel Area Office.

Pre-Engineered Steel BuildingsPre-Engineered Steel BuildingsPre-Engineered Steel BuildingsPre-Engineered Steel BuildingsPre-Engineered Steel Buildings

Product Brochure Technical Manual

Insulated Sandwich Panels Brochure Pre-Qualification Documents Panel Chart (colors & profile) Standard Product Specifications Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale Components Manual

Zamil Steel is committed to producing marketingliterature that contributes to the education of allparties involved in the purchase of a Zamil Steelpre-engineered steel building. Every effort is madeto update this literature on an annual basis.

Effective July 1999, most of Zamil Steel marketingand technical literature will be available in digitalformat on CD-ROM.

Erection Manual Owners Maintenance Manual Pre-Engineered Steel Buildings Versus

Conventional Steel Buildings Brochure

Foundation Design Guide for Zamil StPre-Engineered Steel Buildings

Zamil Steel Corporate Video & CD-ROM Pre-Engineered Buildings Technical Video Buildings Around The World CD-ROM

Space Frames StructuresSpace Frames StructuresSpace Frames StructuresSpace Frames StructuresSpace Frames Structures

Product Brochure Technical Manual


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CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.8 : Zamil Steel Literature 2 of 2


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CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.9 : Initiating a Request for Quotation 1 of 1

Requests for quotation should be submitted througha Zamil Steel Area Office or through a Zamil Steelcertified builder. When you are unsure as to whichZamil Steel Area Office to contact, please contactthe Marketing Manager at Zamil Steel Head Officewho will direct you to the responsible Area Office.

There are two distinctly different ways to requesta quotation for a Pre-Engineered Steel Building :

Method I: Provide Basic Building(s) DataMethod I: Provide Basic Building(s) DataMethod I: Provide Basic Building(s) DataMethod I: Provide Basic Building(s) DataMethod I: Provide Basic Building(s) Data

When it is possible to define and provide us withthe basic building dimensions (width, length, eaveheight) and design loads (live load, wind speed,collateral loads, etc.) and Zamil Steels standarddesign approach, manufacturing criteria andmaterials are acceptable to you, a comprehensivequotation offer based on Zamil Steel standards canbe submitted to you within 3 - 7 days by the AreaOffice.

The interactive nature of this method coupled withthe experienced input of a professional Zamil Steelrepresentative often results in shorter deliveries andup to 20% cost saving for the pre-engineered steelbuildings.

Approximately 80% of Zamil Steel jobs (orders)are processed from this form of input.

Method II: Provide Consultant Drawings andMethod II: Provide Consultant Drawings andMethod II: Provide Consultant Drawings andMethod II: Provide Consultant Drawings andMethod II: Provide Consultant Drawings andSpecificationsSpecificationsSpecificationsSpecificationsSpecifications

Submission of consultant drawings and designspecifications as the input for a request for quotationoften requires a comprehensive review and thoroughanalysis of drawings and specifications at ZamilSteel Head Office. This ensures that deviations fromspecifications and exclusions of special items(outside the scope of Zamil Steels normal supply)are appropriately highlighted in our comprehensivequotation offer.


A complete quotation offer for such projects mtake up to 10-20 days to prepare depending onengineering complexity of the buildings.

A picture is worth a thousand words: Always request proposal drawings from Zamil Steel.

Most mistakes occur due to miscommunicatbetween a buyer and a seller and/or becaof a misinterpretation, by either party, of information provided. Zamil Steel propodrawings enable you to verify our interpretatioyour requirements and ensure that the final supis in complete conformance to your needs.


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CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTIONSection 1.10 : Placing and Tracking an Order 1 of 4

The purpose of including this section is to informyou of the internal procedures followed by ZamilSteel from the time a contract is signed to the timewe ship your building. We wish to make you awareof the various factors that may affect Zamil Steelsprocessing of a job and the impact that changesor clarifications may have on our deliverycommitment. In some cases, delivery delays areavoided by more knowledge of the internal ZamilSteel work flow procedures.

This section should be read in conjunction withZamil Steels Standard Terms & Conditions of

Sale , a copy of which can be obtained from theMarketing Department at Zamil Steel Head Officeor from any Zamil Steel Area Office.

As in the case of quotations, actual orders shouldbe processed through a Zamil Steel Area Office orthrough a Zamil Steel certified builder. This sectionspecifically addresses orders that are placed througha Zamil Steel Area Office. Orders that are placedthrough a Zamil Steel certified builder generallyfollow a similar process.

Placing an Order Placing an Order Placing an Order Placing an Order Placing an Order

Orders are placed after Zamil Steel submits a typedand signed quotation offer (proposal) to you and itis signed by you. The quotation offer (proposal) isoften revised one or more times until all technicaland commercial matters are agreed upon. In mostprojects, Zamil Steel includes proposal drawingsto enable you to review and verify Zamil Steelsinterpretation of your exact building requirements.

For an order to be valid and binding, your authorizedrepresentative and the Zamil Steel Area Officerepresentative must fill and sign a standard contractform which is attached to all Zamil Steel typedquotation offers.

Important: Should any word or statement on any

page of the quotation offer or contract be chanprior to signing the contract, the word or statemshould be crossed out and the acceptable wordre-written clearly (in block letters) immediaadjacent to the change. Both your representativethe Zamil Steel representative must initial the hwritten change.

A copy of all contract documents is thimmediately given to you for your file.

Order Processing by Zamil Steel AreaOrder Processing by Zamil Steel AreaOrder Processing by Zamil Steel AreaOrder Processing by Zamil Steel AreaOrder Processing by Zamil Steel AreaOfficesOfficesOfficesOfficesOffices

The Zamil Steel Area Office representative tranall relevant order information from the tyquotation offer onto internal Zamil Steel forms,dispatches the original forms with the origcontract documents to Zamil Steel Head Officecopy of the forms and the contract documentsretained at the Area Office.

1.1.1.1.1. Receipt at Head OfficeReceipt at Head OfficeReceipt at Head OfficeReceipt at Head OfficeReceipt at Head Office

An order is first received at Zamil Steel CustoService Department. This department is responfor reviewing the order to ensure that all technlogistical and financial matters are complete are in accordance with Zamil Steel policy.



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2.2.2.2.2. DesignDesignDesignDesignDesign

The screened order is then passed to the EngineeringDepartment for final technical evaluation and foractual engineering of the building(s) in the job.Engineering may, during the process of thoroughanalysis and design, uncover discrepancies, missinginformation or contradictory information that mayrequire further clarification.

If this occurs, a questionnaire is prepared by theEngineering Department, verified by the CustomerService Department and submitted to you throughyour local Zamil Steel Area Office. Prompt responsefrom you for such technical clarification willminimize delays in engineering and consequentdelays in fabrication and delivery.

3.3.3.3.3. Preparation of the Approval PackagePreparation of the Approval PackagePreparation of the Approval PackagePreparation of the Approval PackagePreparation of the Approval Package(if applicable)(if applicable)(if applicable)(if applicable)(if applicable)

An approval package normally consists of designcalculations and approval drawings. Work onthe approval package commences when theEngineering Department has no queries regardingthe data provided by you and/or is satisfied that yourresponse to technical queries is complete.

4.4.4.4.4. Dispatch of the Approval PackageDispatch of the Approval PackageDispatch of the Approval PackageDispatch of the Approval PackageDispatch of the Approval Package(if applicable)(if applicable)(if applicable)(if applicable)(if applicable)

The completed approval package is passed from the

Engineering Department to the Customer ServiceDepartment which then dispatches the package toyour local Zamil Steel Area Office for submissionto you. Zamil Steel Customer Service Departmentdoes not normally dispatch approval documentsdirectly to the buyer. The Area Office is expectedto personally submit the approval package tothe buyer and to be available to the buyer forconsultation at this stage of the order process.


5.5.5.5.5. A A A A A waiting return of Approval Drawingswaiting return of Approval Drawingswaiting return of Approval Drawingswaiting return of Approval Drawingswaiting return of Approval Drawings(if applicable)(if applicable)(if applicable)(if applicable)(if applicable)

Once the Head office approval drawings are wyou, Zamil Steel effectively suspends further acon the job, awaiting the return of the approdrawings with your full approval or your conditiapproval based on clearly noted remarks on approval drawings.


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6.6.6.6.6. Return of Approval Drawings to ZamilReturn of Approval Drawings to ZamilReturn of Approval Drawings to ZamilReturn of Approval Drawings to ZamilReturn of Approval Drawings to ZamilSteel (if applicable)Steel (if applicable)Steel (if applicable)Steel (if applicable)Steel (if applicable)

Approval drawings are required to be returned tothe relevant Zamil Steel Area Office within twoweeks of their submittal to you. Approval drawingsmust be signed by you as Approved As Is orsigned as Approved As Noted . Returnedapproval drawings are forwarded by the Area Officeback to the Customer Service Department wherethey are reviewed and passed to the EngineeringDepartment for final production engineering. The

production engineering output consists of thepreparation of anchor bolts plans, erection drawings,shop details and bill of materials.

Major changes to the approval drawings may resultin one or more of the following:

Re-design of structural elements in thebuilding(s) Re-estimate of the price of the building(s) Re-submittal of approval drawings for the

building(s)

Creation of a change order that may affect theprice and/or the delivery of the building(s)

7.7.7.7.7. Change OrdersChange OrdersChange OrdersChange OrdersChange Orders

Changes made after a contract is signed (wheoccurring at the approval stage, the productengineering stage or the fabrication stage) result in an increased price or extended delivnecessitate the creation of a change order. Untichange order is signed as accepted by you, returned to the Zamil Steel Area Office, no furwork is undertaken on the job.

8.8.8.8.8. Production Engineering OutputProduction Engineering OutputProduction Engineering OutputProduction Engineering OutputProduction Engineering Output

Returned approval drawings are received atHead Office by the Customer Service DepartmThey are reviewed for changes and/or custocomments. If no changes are noted or if ominor changes are noted, they are passed to Engineering Department for preparation of production engineering output which consists ofollowing:

Anchor bolts plans (for construction) Erection drawings (for construction) Shop details (for production) Bill of materials (for production and shipm


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NOMENCLANOMENCLANOMENCLANOMENCLANOMENCLATURETURETURETURETURE

CHAPTER

2


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2.1 Basic TBasic TBasic TBasic TBasic T ermsermsermsermserms .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

2.2 Abbreviations ..................................................................50

2.2.2.2.2. NomenclatureNomenclatureNomenclatureNomenclatureNomenclature


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2

CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2 : NOMENCLA : NOMENCLA : NOMENCLA : NOMENCLA : NOMENCLA TURETURETURETURETURESection 2.1 : Basic Terms 2 of 19

Bent Plate: A plate bent to form an angle.

Bill of Materials: A list of items or components used for

fabrication, shipping, receiving, and accounting purposes.Bird Screen: Wire mesh used to prevent birds from enteringthe building through ventilators, louvers and roof monitors.

Blind Rivet: A small headed pin with an expandable shankfor joining light gauge metal. Typically used to attach flashing,gutters, etc. Also referred to as aPop Rivet .

Brace Grip: Galvanized steel strands formed into a helicalhair pin shape that is wrapped tightly on the strand at the endof the cable brace.

Brace Rods/Cables: Rods or cables placed diagonally in theroof and walls for the purpose of transferring wind loads tothe foundations and longitudinally stabilizing the building.

Braced Bay: The bay where bracing is provided.

Bracket: A structural support projecting from a column orrafter to which another structural member is fastened.Example: Brackets supporting crane runway beams.

Bridge Crane: Overhead traveling crane supported by railswhich are in turn supported by crane runway beams.

Builder: A general contractor or sub-contractor responsiblefor providing and erecting pre-engineered buildings.

Building Codes: Regulations developed by recognizedagencies establishing minimum building requirements forlicensing, safety and functionality purposes such as setbacks,fire regulations, spacing and clearances. Building codesusually address acceptable design codes. An example of abuilding code is the Uniform Building Code (UBC).

Building Width: The lateral width of the building measuredfrom out to out of sidewall steel lines.

Built-up Section: A structural member, usually an I shape,made from individual flat plates welded together.

Butt Plate: The end plate of a structural member whichusually rests against a similar end plate of another member toform a moment resisting connection. Also calledSplice Plate ,End Plate , orCap Plate .

By-pass Girt: The girt which passes continuously along theoutside flanges of the columns.

BLIND RIVET

BRACE GRIP

CABLE BRACE

BRACKET

BUILDING WIDTH(OUT TO OUT OF STEEL)

BUILT-UPSECTION

BUTT PLATE


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CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2 : NOMENCLA : NOMENCLA : NOMENCLA : NOMENCLA : NOMENCLA TURETURETURETURETURE

Section 2.1 : Basic Terms 3 of 19

By-pass Mounted: SeeExterior Mounted .

C Section: A member formed into a C shaped profile by

cold roll-forming from coils.Cable Catch Assembly: The operating handle used to openand close the ridge ventilator.

Cables: Used for cable bracing. Can also be used to operateridge vent dampers and for temporary bracing. SeeBraceCables .

Cantilever: A projecting beam that is supported and restrainedat one end only.

Canopy: An overhanging or projecting roof structure, belowthe eave level, supported at one end only.

Cap Plate: A plate located at the top of a column or end of abeam. Also referred to asEnd Plate .

Capillary Action: The action of water rising to a higher level.

Catwalk: A narrow walkway used to provide access tomechanical equipment normally supported on roof platforms.

Caulking: A sealant used in making watertight joints.

Channel (Hot Rolled): A member formed, while in a semi-molten state at the steel mill, into a C shaped profile havingstandard dimensions and properties specified by a relevantstandard specification.

Checkered Plate: Flat hot rolled plate with raised checkereddesign to prevent slipping; used for industrial equipmentplatforms, catwalks, stair treads, etc.

Clear Height: The vertical dimension from the finished floorlevel to the lowest underside point of the rafter.

Clear Span: A building without internal columns.Clip: A plate or angle used to fasten two or more memberstogether.

Closer: Mechanical device, usually attached to a hinged door,which automatically closes the door.

Closure Strip: Purpose-made foam fillers to fit inside andoutside profiles of roof and wall panels providing a weather-tight seal. Also known asFoam Closure .

[COLD FORMED CHANNEL]C SECTION (SINGLE) " "

CABLE CATCH ASSEMBLY

HOOK

HANDLE

EYE BOLT

OPERATOR CABLE

CABLE CONNECTOR

COLUMN

CANOPY

CLEAR SPAN

CLEAR HEIGHT

CLIP

CLOSURE STRIP(FOAM CLOSURE)


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Coil: A roll of steel sheet or wire.

Cold-Formed Member: A light gauge structural member

produced from coiled steel stock running through a series of rolls at normal room temperatures.

Collateral Load: The static load other than the basic designloads such as sprinklers, mechanical and electrical systems,ceilings, etc.

Column: A vertical structural member used in a building totransfer loads from the main roof beams, trusses or rafters tothe foundation.

Component: An independent part of an assembly.

Concrete Notch: A rebate or notch formed along the edge of the concrete floor slab or grade beam, allowing wall panels toend below the floor level thus preventing ingress of dust orwater.

Continuous Beam: A beam which has more than two pointsof support.

Continuous Ridge Vent: Two or more ridge ventilatorsmounted on the building ridge that allow air circulation. SeealsoRidge Ventilator.

Corner Column: A column at any corner of a building. Cornercolumns may be primary rigid frame columns or post-and-beam columns.

Counter Flashing: Trim used to connect the sidewall sheetingof a main building to the roof sheeting of a lower building.

Crane: A machine designed to lift and/or move material bymeans of a hoist.

Crane Beam: A beam that supports an overhead travelingbridge crane. On underhung bridge cranes, it also acts as acrane rail. Also known as aCrane Runway Beam .

Crane Bracket: Structural support welded to the primarybuilding frame to permit attachment of a crane runway beam.See alsoBracket .

Crane Bridge: One or two girders or box sections supportedon end carriages. See alsoBridge Crane .

Crane Capacity: The maximum weight a crane can safelylift. Crane capacity depends on the standard design of the cranecomponents and their supports.

COLUMN

CONTINUOUS BEAM

CONCRETENOTCH

RIDGE VENTCONTINUOUS

STEELLINE

SIDEWALL

STEELLINEEN

DWALLCORNER

COLUMN

CRANE BEAM


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Crane Rail: Rail welded or bolted to a crane beam formingthe track on which the bridge crane wheels travel.

Crane Stopper: A small vertical member welded to the topof the crane beam to stop the crane bridge at the end of thecrane run area.

Cross Section: A view formed by a plane cutting through anobject usually at right angles to its axes.

Curb: Raised flashing around roof openings to formwaterproof openings. See alsoRoof Curb .

Curved Eave: Curved panels provided at the eave.

Damper: Baffle plate in a ridge ventilator that can be openedor closed using the cable catch assembly.Dead Load: The self weight of the pre-engineered buildingstructure including all its components such as frames, floors,secondary members, sheeting, bolts, etc.

Design Codes: Regulations developed by recognized agenciesestablishing design loads, procedures, and constructiondetails for structures. Examples are: MBMA, AISC, AISI,AWS, etc.

Diagonal Bracing: SeeBrace Rods / Cables .

Door Guide: An angle, channel, or proprietary product used torestrain a door leaf or curtain during its opening and closing.

Door Stopper: A clip bolted to the vertical door member toprevent opening beyond the door limit.

Double Channel: Double or back-to-back C sections stitch-bolted together.

Double Faced Tape: Used as an aid to fix fiberglass insulation.

Double Sliding Door: Sliding door with two door leaves.

Downspout: Cold-formed sheet metal section used to carrywater from the gutter of a building to the ground or stormdrainage system.

Downspout Elbow/Shoe: Cold-formed sheet metal section,matching the downspout profile, attached to the lower end of a downspout and curved in such a way as to direct water awayfrom a wall.

CRANE BEAM

CROSS SECTION

(DOUBLE-C SECTION)DOUBLE CHANNEL

DOUBLE SLIDING

SIDEWALLSTEELLINE

ZAMIL

STEELLIN

EENDWAL

L

DOOR

GUTTER

DOWNSPOUT

DOWNSPOUTELBOW

STRAP

DOWNSPOUT

CURVED EAVE


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Downspout Straps: Metal straps used to fix the downspoutsto the sidewalls.

Eave: A line along the sidewall formed by the intersection of the inside faces or planes of the roof and the sidewall panels.

Eave Gutter: Gutter at the eave of a building.

Eave Height: The vertical dimension from the finished floorlevel to the top of the eave strut.

Eave Strut: A structural member, located at the eave, usedfor supporting the roof panels and the wall panels.

Eave Strut Clip: A clip used to support the eave strut.

Eave Trim/Flashing: A sheet metal closure whose functionis primarily to provide weather-tightness at the eave betweenthe eave gutter and the wall panels.

Edge Distance: The perpendicular distance between the plateedge and the center of the bolt hole.

Elevation: (a) Distance above or below a prescribed datumor reference. (b) Engineering term referring to any wall viewof a structure.

End Bay: The first or last bay in the building, as opposed tointerior bay. It is the spacing between the outside face of theouter flange of the endwall columns and the center line of thefirst interior column.

End Lap: A term used to describe the lap at a purlin locationwhere the end of one panel overlaps the end of the panel belowit.

End Lap Mastic: Sealant, in extruded bead form, used toseal end laps of roof panels for weather-tightness. Also calledBead Mastic .

End Plate: A plate welded at the end of a member.

Endwall: A term used to describe the entire composition of abuilding end. SeePost & Beam Endwall or Rigid FrameEndwall .

End Wall Framing: Framing located at the endwall of abuilding which supports the loads acting on a portion of theend bay.

Endwall Post/Column: A vertical member located at theendwall which supports the girts and endwall rafter.

HEIGHTEAVE

EAVE STRUT

EAVE STRUTCLIP

SIDEWAL

L

STEELL

INE

PLATEEDGE DISTANCE

HOLE

E D

G E D I S T A N

C E

MASTICEND LAP

END LAP

ZAMI L

ENDWALL


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Endwall Rafter: Normally a cold-formed C sectionsupported by end posts of post-and-beam endwalls. Endwallrafters can also be built-up or hot rolled sections if requiredby design loadsEndwall Roof Extension: Roof cantilevered beyond theendwall.

Erection: The on site assembling of pre-fabricatedcomponents to form the complete structure.

Erection Drawings: Drawings and erection instructionswhich identify all the individual components in sufficientdetail to permit the proper assembly of all parts of the metal

building system furnished by the seller.Expansion Joint: A weather-tight joint across the width of the building allowing for expansion and contraction.

Exterior Mounted: A girt system where the girts are mountedoutside the columns and are attached directly to the outsidecolumn flange. Also calledBy-pass Mounted .

Eye Bolt: Used in conjunction with a hillside washer fortensioning cable braces.

Fabrication: The manufacturing process usually performedin a plant to convert raw material into finished metal buildingcomponents. The main operations are cold- forming, cutting,punching, welding, cleaning and painting.

Fascia: An accessory whose function is to enhance theappearance of a wall. Also used to cover the eave or gable of a building.

Field Work: Modification or rectification carried out on site.

Fin Neck Bolt: Flat dome headed bolt used in framedopenings, fascias, and mezanines.

Finished Floor: Top of the concrete slab or the finishedconcrete surface.

Fixed Base: A column base that is designed to resist rotationas well as horizontal or vertical movement.

Flange: The projecting edge of a structural member.

GIRT

EXTERIOR MOUNTEDGIRT SYSTEM

OUTSIDECOLUMNFLANGE

EYE BOLT

FASCIA

FIN NECK BOLT W/ NUT

FIXED BASE

FLANGE

FLANGE


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Flange Brace: An angle member extending between girts orpurlins to the inner flange of columns or rafters respectively,to provide them with lateral support and stability.

Flashing: A sheet metal closure used to provide weather-tightness in a structure.

Flowable Mastic: Supplied in a nozzled cartridge. Used toseal overlapping flashing, gutter joints, etc.

Flush Mounted: A girt system where the outside flanges of the girts and columns are flush. The girts are supported by theuse of girt clips bolted to the column webs.

Footing: Reinforced concrete base that provides support fora column.

Force: The action of one body on another body which changesor tends to change its state of rest or motion. A force may beexpressed in kilonewton(s) (kN), or other similar units.

Foundation: The substructure which supports a building orother structure. Usually constructed in concrete.

Framed Opening : Framing (headers, sills, and jambs) andflashing which surround an opening in a building. Usuallyprovided to accommodate field installed accessories such assliding doors, roll-up doors, etc.

Framing: Primary and secondary members (columns, rafters,girts, purlins, brace cables, etc.) which when connectedtogether make up the skeleton of a structure to which thecovering can be fastened.

Gable: The triangular portion of the endwall of a buildingdirectly under the sloping roof and above the eave height line.

Gable Angle: An angle fastened to the purlins at rake for theattachment of endwall sheets.

Gable Trim: A flashing designed to close the opening betweenthe roof panels and endwall panels.

Gage or Gauge: The distance between holes along thetransverse axis of a plate.

FLANGEBRACE

INSIDECOLUMNFLANGE

FLANGECOLUMNOUTSIDE

GIRT

GIRT SYSTEMFLUSH MOUNTED

CLIP

FOOTING

FLOOR

COLUMN

PIER

OPENINGFRAMED

FRAMING

STEEL L

INEENDWAL

L

GABLEANGLE

GABLETRIM


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Galvanized: Steel coated with a layer of zinc for corrosionresistance.

Girder: SeeBeam .Girt: Secondary horizontal member attached to the mainframe columns. Girts normally support wall panels.

Girt Clip: Angle clips used to connect girts to the endwallcolumns.

Glazing: Installation of glass.

Grade: Ground level (or elevation) surrounding a building.

Grating: Welded framework of crossbars used in flooring of equipment platforms, platform walkways, catwalks and stairtreads.

Grout: Non-shrinking sand and cement based mixture usedunder base plates to obtain a uniform bearing surface.

Gusset Plate: Steel stiffener plate used to help distribute loadat a connection.

Gutter: Pre-formed light gauge metal channel at the roof,along the side walls, or in valleys of multi-gabled roofs forthe collection of rainwater.

H Section: A steel member with an H cross section.

Hair Pin: Reinforcement bars used in distributing forces fromthe column foundation to the floor slab.

Handrails: Horizontal and vertical pipes fixed to stairstringers, edges of mezzanine floors, openings in floors andplatform walkways.

Hangar Door: A large multi-leaf door that is used in aircrafthangars or similar buildings.

Haunch: Intersection of the column and rafter. Also referredto asKnee .

Header: A horizontal member over an opening in a wall.

High Strength Bolt: Any bolt made from steel having a tensilestrength in excess of 690 megapascal (MPa). Some examplesare: ASTM A325, A354, A449 and A490.

STEEL LINES

IDEWALL

GIRT

GUSSETPLATE

GUTTER

HAIR PIN

HANGAR DOORS

HEADER


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Hillside Washer: A washer having non-parallel faces normallyused on brace cables or rods. Also known asBevel Washer .

Hinged Base: SeePinned Base .Hoist: A lifting device that is mechanically, electrically ormanually operated.

Horizontal Knee Splice: Horizontal connection of the columnto the rafter.

Hot Rolled Shapes : Steel sections (angles, channels, I-sections, etc.) which are formed, while in a semi-molten stateat the steel mill, into a shape having standard dimensions andproperties specified by relevant standard specifications.

Impact Load: A dynamic load resulting from the motion of machinery, craneways, elevators and other similar movingforces.

Insulation: Any material used in building construction forthe reduction of heat transfer.

Interior Bay: The distance between the center lines of twoadjacent interior rigid frames.

Intermediate Rafter Splice: Connection of two pieces of the rafter.

Jack Beam: A primary horizontal member used to supportanother beam, truss or rafter.

Jamb: Vertical member at the side of a wall opening.

Jib Crane: A cantilever boom or horizontal beam with a hoistand trolley.

Joist: A horizontal member for supporting the decking of floors or roofs.

Knee: SeeHaunch .

Lean-To: A structure dependent upon another structure forpartial support and having only one slope or pitch.

Liner Panel: Interior wall or roof sheeting attached to theinside flanges of the girts or purlins.

Lintel: A beam (either concrete or steel) in masonry wallsplaced above doors, windows or openings to support masonryabove.

HILLSID

BRACE ROD

WASHER

BON

ROOF INSULATION

WALL INSULATION

CRANE

JIB CRANE

BRACE ROD

STOPPER

JIB CRANEBEAM

HOISTCAP CHANNEL

COLUMN

KNEE

LEAN-TO BUILDING

MAIN BUILDING

JACK BEAM


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Live load: Any variable load that results from intended useof the structure during its life time.

Loads: Anything that causes a force to be exerted on astructural member. Examples of different types of loads are:

a) Dead Load e) Wind Load

b) Live Load f) Crane Load

c) Impact Load g) Collateral Load

d) Seismic Load h) Auxiliary Load

Longitudinal: The direction parallel to the ridge line.

Louver: A wall opening provided with slanted blades, fixedor movable, to allow flow of air inside the building.

Machine Bolts: Mild steel bolts conforming to ASTM A307standard specifications.

Mastic: SeeCaulking .

Mezzanine: An intermediate floor within a building abovethe ground floor that occupies all or part of the building floorarea and consists of columns, beams, joists, deck panels andedge trims to receive reinforced concrete.

Masonry: Construction materials such as bricks, concreteblocks and stone.

Moment: The tendency of a force to cause rotation about apoint or axis.

Moment Connection: A connection designed to transfermoment, as well as axial and shear forces, between connectingmembers.

Monorail Beam: A single beam support for a materialhandling system. It is normally a hot rolled I beam.

Mono-Slope: A building sloped in one direction.Mullion: A vertical bar or pier between panes or sections of windows and screens.

Multi-Gable Buildings: Buildings consisting of one or moregables across the width of the building.

Multi-Span Buildings: Buildings with interior columns.

Notch: A rebate. See alsoConcrete Notch .

MEZZANINE

MONO-SLOPE BUILDING

MULLION

MULTI-GABLE BUILDING

MULTI-SPAN BUILDING


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Panel: A piece of roof or wall sheeting. See alsoSheeting .

Parapet Wall: That portion of the vertical wall which extends

above the roof line at the intersection of the wall and roof.Part Mark: A number physically marked on a piece orpacking that identifies each component of the building forerection and shipping purposes.

Partition: A non-load bearing interior dividing wall. It cansustain its own weight but does not support the ceiling or roof and is designed to withstand a maximum lateral load of 0.25kN/m2.

Peak: The uppermost point of a gable. Also calledPeak Pointor Ridge Point .Peak Panel: Also known asRidge Panel . Used to link andweather-seal roof panels on opposing slopes.

Peak Sign: A sign attached to the peak of the building at theendwall showing the name of the manufacturer of the building.Also calledRidge Sign .

Personnel Door: An access door.

Pier: A concrete structure designed to transfer the vertical

load from the column base to the footing.Pilot Door: A small access door within one leaf of a slidingdoor. Also calledWicket Door .

Pin Connection: A connection designed to transfer the axialand shear forces between connecting members, but notmoment forces.

Pinned Base: A column base that is designed to resisthorizontal and vertical movement, but not rotation.

Pipe Flashing: Used in sealing roof penetrations.Pitch (Hole): Distance between center lines of holes alonglongitudinal axis of plate.

Pitch (Roof): Slope of the roof

Plan: Details of a building as viewed from the top.

Pop Rivet: Used for joining flashing and light gauge metaltrims. See alsoBlind Rivet .

PARAPETWALL

PERSONNEL DOOR

PIER

FOOTING

FLOOR

COLUMN

PILOT DOOR

SLIDE DOOR

LEAF

PIPE FLASHINGPIPE

ROOF

FLOWABLEMASTIC

PANEL

PITCH (ROOF)

110


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Portal Frame: Column and beam bracing used in lieu of standard diagonal cable bracing to provide clear access.

Post-and-Beam Endwall: A system of endwall framingconsisting of vertical columns (posts), with pinned ends, whichsupport rafters (beams). These posts and beams are normallylight members made from cold-formed sections.

Pre-Engineer: To design and detail components beforehand.

Pre-Fabricate: To fabricate parts in the shop beforehand. Tomanufacture standard sections that can be rapidly assembled.

Primary Framing: The main load carrying members of astructural system, generally the columns, rafters, and/or othermain support members.Primer Paint: The initial coat of paint applied in the shop tothe structural framing of a building for protection againstaggressive environmental conditions during shipping anderection.

Purlin: A horizontal secondary structural member, bolted tothe rafters, which transfers the roof loads from the roof covering to the primary frames.

Purlin Extension: A projecting secondary member used inroof extensions at the endwall.

Purlin Line: The line joining the extreme outer, or exterior,edges of the purlins parallel to the frames.

Rafter: A primary beam member supported on columns.

Rake: The intersection of the plane of the roof and the planeof the gable.

Rake Trim: The sheeting item joining the roof and wallsheeting at the rake. Also calledGable Trim .

Reactions: The resisting forces, at the column bases of aframe, holding the frame in equilibrium under a given loadingcondition.

Revision: A change that is made to the building design,component details, location of accessories, etc.

Ridge: The peak, or highest point of a gabled building, whichdescribes a horizontal line running the length of the building.

PORTAL FRAME

SIDEWAL

L

STEELLINE

ENDWALL

POST & BEAM ENDWALL

RAFTER ENDWALLSPANNERS

ENDWALLPOST

PURLINS

SIDEWAL

L

STEELL

INE

RAFTER

ROOF LINE

LOAD

REACTIONS

RIDGE


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Ridge Flashing: Continuous metal flashing used to closeroofing material along the ridge of a roof. Also calledRidgeCap or Peak Panel .

Ridge Connection: A connection, between two raftermembers, which transfers the moment from one side of theconnection to the other and maintains, under application of load, the same angle between the connected members thatexists prior to the loading. See alsoMoment Connection .

Ridge Sign: The manufacturers sign at the peak or highestpoint of the gable. Also calledPeak Sign .

Ridge Ventilator: The ventilator used at the ridge line.

Rigid Frame: A structural frame consisting of members joinedtogether with rigid (or moment) connections so as to renderthe frame stable with respect to imposed loads, without theneed for bracing in its plane.

Rigid Frame Endwall: A system of endwall framing wherethe main interior frame is used at the endwall mostly for thepurpose of future expansion.

Risers: The vertical rise of the steps of a staircase.

Roll-Up Door: A door which opens vertically and is supportedon a shaft or drum and runs along vertical tracks.

Roof Covering: The exterior roof skin consisting of panelsor sheets, their attachments, and weather sealant.

Roof Curb: Weatherproof flashing used on roofs to supportpower ventilators or ducting. Roof curbs can be fiberglass orsheet metal.

Roof Extension: An extension of the roof beyond the endwalland/or sidewall of a building.

Roof Monitor: Raised gable, or portion of the main building,located at the ridge, to allow lighting and ventilation.

Roof Slope: The angle that a roof surface makes with thehorizontal. Usually expressed in units of vertical rise to 10units of horizontal run.

Sag Rod: A tension member used to limit the movement of agirt or purlin in the direction of its weak axis before theinstallation of sheeting.

RIDGE CONNECTION

RIDGE SIG N

ENDWALL

STEEL L

INEZAM

IL TEE

L

STEELLINE

SIDEWALL

ZAMILSTEEL

STEELLINE

ENDWALL

RIDGE VENT

RIGID FRAME ENDWALL

ENDWALL CO

LUMN

ENDWALLSTEELLINE

ENDWALL RA

FTER

(RIGID FRAM

E)

ENDWALL SP

ANNER

ROOF CURB

ROOF MONITOR

SI DEW ALLSTEEL LI NE

STEEL LI

NEENDW AL

L


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Sealant: SeeCaulking .Secondary Framing: Members which carry loads to theprimary framing. In metal buildings this term includes purlins,girts, eave struts, flange braces, etc.Seismic Load: The assumed lateral load acting in anyhorizontal direction on the structural system due toearthquakes.Self Drilling Fasteners: SeeSelf Drilling Screws .Self Drilling Screws (SDS): Fasteners, used for attachingpanels and trims to girts and purlins, which drill their ownholes and eliminate the pre-drilling operation.Self Tapping Screws (STS): Have the same function as SDSbut need pre-drilled holes.Sheeting: Profiled metal panels.Sheeting Angle: An angle used to support sheeting.Shims: Small steel plates used for levelling base plates or forpacking between structural members.Shipping List: A list that enumerates, by part number ordescription, each piece of material or assembly to be shipped.Also known asPacking List .Shop Details: Drawing details for fabrication of parts andassemblies.Side Lap: A term used to describe the lap at the side orlengthwise direction of panels.Sidewall: A term used to describe the entire composition of abuilding side which is parallel to the ridge.Sill: The bottom horizontal member of a door or windowopening.Simple Span: The term used in structural engineering todescribe a support condition, for a beam, girt, purlin, etc.,which offers no resistance to rotation at the supports.Single Slope Building: See alsoMono-Slope .Skylight: At translucent panel used at the roof to transmitnatural light. It is usually made of fiberglass.Slats: Flat strips used in the shutters of roll-up doors.Sleeve Nut: A long nut normally used to join two bracerodsof the same diameter together. Also known as Coupling .

Sliding Door: A single or double leaf door which openshorizontally by means of overhead trolleys or bottom wheels.Slot: An elongated hole.

SIDELAP

SIDEWALL

SLEEVE NUT

BRACE ROD

SLATS

GIRTS

CL

ROLL-UP DOORS

DRUM

SHUTTER[ [

DOORTRACK

SHEETING

SLIDE DOOR

ZAMI L


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6


Soffit: The underside covering of any exterior portion of themetal building such as canopies, sidewall and endwall roof extensions.

Soil Pressure: The load, per unit area, a structure will exert,through its foundations, on the soil.

Soldier Column: A column, in sidewalls outside the mainframe lines, located in extended bays to support sidewall girts,wall canopies and Lean-Tos.

Space Saver: Building with a single gable clear span andstraight columns. Wall girts are flush mounted.

Span : Distance between the supports of beams, girders ortrusses. In a pre-engineered building distance between interiorcolumns.

Spanner: A component used to connect the endwall post(column) to the endwall roof purlins.

Specification: A statement of particulars defining physicaldimensions, strength and other properties, or a statementdefining performance expectations of materials or devices.

Splice: The connection between two structural members.

Steel Line: The extreme outer limits of the structural framingsystem of a building to which the sheeting is attached.

Step in Eave Height: The condition where a lower buildingis attached to a higher building at the endwalls, resulting inone building with different eave heights at each end.Sometimes calledRoof Transition .

Stiffener: Plate welded to a member to increase strength of the web or to provide continuity at connections.

Stiffening Lip: A short extension of material, at an angle tothe flange of cold-formed structural members, which addsstrength to the member.

Stiles: The vertical side members of a door frame.

Stitch Screws: Fasteners used to fasten side laps of panelsand for attaching trims or flashing.

Structural Steel Members: Load carrying members. Maybe hot rolled sections, cold-formed shapes, or built-up sections.

SOFFIT

SOLDIERCOLUMN

COLUMNSOLDIER

SPACESAVER BUILDING

110

RAFTER

STRAIGHT COLUMN

ENDWALL

SPANNER

ENDWALLPOST/COLUMN

ROOF PURLINS

STEP IN EAVE HEIGHT

STIFFENER


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Strut: A brace fitted into a framework to resist force in thedirection of its length.

Strut Purlin: An additional purlin, in braced bays, locatedclose to the normal purlin at the intersection of roof bracerods or cables and the frame rafter, as required by design.

Suction: A partial vacuum, resulting from wind loads on abuilding, which causes a load in the outward direction.

Tapered Member: A built-up plate member consisting of flanges welded to a web of variable depth.

Tempcon Panel: A panel assembly consisting of an insulatedcore material sandwiched between an interior and exteriorskin panel. Sometimes calledSandwich Panel .

Throat: Minimum width of the ventilator air inlet.

Thrust: A horizontal component of a reaction.

Tolerance: A fractional allowance for variations from thespecified standard weight, dimensions, etc., of mechanicalconstruction.

Track: A metal way for wheeled components, specificallyone or more lines of ways, with fastenings, ties, etc., for acraneway, monorail or sliding door.

Translucent: Allowing the passage of light, but not permittinga clear view of any object. A translucent material is semi-transparent or semi-clear.

Transverse: From sidewall to sidewall of a building.

Tread: The horizontal step of a staircase.

Trim: Pre-formed light gauge metal used as a cover to cutedges, sides or junctions of sheeting.

Truss: A structural member, made up of several individual

parts welded or bolted together, designed to carry a tensionor compression force with the complete structure acting as abeam.

Tube Column: A vertical structural support member made of a hollow square tube. Normally used as an interior supportcolumn in Multi-Span buildings or mezzanine floors.

Turn-of-Nut Method: A method of tightening high strengthbolts in accordance with AISC: Specifications for StructuralJoints using ASTM A325 Bolts.

STRUT

NORMALPURLIN

W/ STRUT CLIPSTRUT PURLIN

RAFTER

TEMPCON PANEL

INTERIOR SKINMATERIALINSULATION CORE

PANEL

EXTERIOR SKIN PANEL

TRACK(FOR SLIDE DOOR)

TUBE COLUMN

THROAT


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Under Hung Crane: Bridge crane hanging from beams, ratherthan supported on beams.

UL Rating: Underwriters Laboratories certification rating forreliability and quality.

Uniform Load: Load that covers all or part of a beam orsurface where, throughout the portion covered, the intensityof load per unit of length or area is the same.

Uplift: Wind load on a building which causes a load in theupward direction. See alsoSuction .

Valley Gutter: A channel used to carry off water, normallyfrom roofs of multi-gabled buildings.

Vapor Barrier: Material used to retard the flow of vapor ormoisture into walls and roofs and thus prevent condensationwithin them.

Ventilation: The process of changing the air within a building.

Ventilator: A means of providing air changes within abuilding.

Wall Covering: The exterior wall skin consisting of panels

or sheets and their attachments, trims and weather sealants.Web: That portion of a structural member between the flanges.

Web Member: A structural member vertically or diagonallyinterposed between the top and bottom chords of a truss.

Wheel Base: The distance between the two wheels of a cranealong the crane beam.

Wheel Load: The maximum load which is transferred throughthe wheels of a crane to a crane beam.

Width Extension: A Lean-To connected at the sidewall of amain building and having a roof with the same slope and levelof the main building. SeeLean-To .

Wind Column: A vertical member supporting a wall systemdesigned to withstand horizontal wind loads usually atendwalls.

Wind Bent: SeePortal Frame .


UNDERHUNG (UH) CRANE

VALLEY GUTTER

WEB

WEBSYMMETRY

OFLC

TRUSS

MEMBERS

WHEEL BASE

CRANE

CRANE

WHEEL

BRIDGE

CRANERAILBEAM

CRANE

WIDTH EXTENSION


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Wind Load: A loading representing the pressure exerted ona structure by a given wind velocity. A load caused by thewind blowing from any horizontal direction.

Z Liner: A liner which features a concealed fastenerattachment with a flat surface profile. It is available in twoprofiles; Profile D (Sculptured) and Profile E (Flat).

Z Section: A member formed from coiled steel stock intothe shape of a block Z. Usually used for purlins and girts.

Z-LINER PANEL

COLOREXTERIOR

Z-LINER PANEL

COLOREXTERIOR

PROFILE "D" PROFILE "E"

"Z" SECTION


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CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2 : NOMENCLA : NOMENCLA : NOMENCLA : NOMENCLA : NOMENCLA TURETURETURETURETURESection 2.2 : Abbreviations 1 of 3

AB - Anchor boltsASSY - AssemblyBtu - British thermal unitC - CelciusC.O. - Change orderC / C - Center to centerCIF - Contract information formCL - Center lineCONC. - ConcreteCOL. - ColumnCOLL. - CollateralCPU - Customer pick-upCS - Clear SpanDET - DetaildB - DecibelDIM. - DimensionDSD - Double sliding doorDWG - DrawingEH (E.H. ) - Eave heightES - Eave strutEW - EndwallF - FahrenheitFFL (F.F.L. ) - Finished floor levelFO (F.O. ) - Framed openingFNB - Fin neck boltHSB - High strength bolt (ASTM A325)INT - Internal or interiorKD - Knocked-downK - Kelvinkg / cm 2 - Kilogram per square centimeterkg/m 3 - Kilogram per cubic meterkm / h - Kilometer per hourkN - KilonewtonkN/m 2 - Kilonewton per square meterL - LengthL / C - Letter of creditLG - LongLT - Lean-Tom - MeterM.T. - Metric tonMAX. (max.) - MaximumMG - Multi-Gable

Standard Abbreviations and SymbolsStandard Abbreviations and SymbolsStandard Abbreviations and SymbolsStandard Abbreviations and SymbolsStandard Abbreviations and Symbols


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MIN. (min.) - Minimummm - MillimeterMR - Monorail craneMSB - Mild steel bolt or machine boltN - NewtonNS / FS - Near side / Far sideOA - OverallOC (O.C ) - On centerO / O - Out-to-outP & B - Post-and-BeamPL - PlateREV. - RevisionRF (R.F. ) - Rigid frame

RUD - Roll-up doorSBO (S.B.O.) - Special buy outSDS - Self drilling screwSF - Space frameSI - International System of UnitsSS - Single SlopeSSD - Single sliding doorSTD. - StandardSTS - Self tapping screwSV - Space SaverSW - SidewallTC - Tempcon panelTHK (T) - ThicknessTRC - Top running craneTYP - TypicalTYP UN - Typical unless notedUHC - Underhung craneW - Watt or widthW / - WithW / O - WithoutWG - Weatherguard (Panel)Wt. - WeightZS - Zamil Steel - Diameter@ - At# - Number% - Percentage


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Standard Colors & FinishesStandard Colors & FinishesStandard Colors & FinishesStandard Colors & FinishesStandard Colors & Finishes

AB - Arabian BeigeBB - Bronze BrownCG - Cactus GreenDG - Desert GoldFW - Frost WhitePVF2 - Polyvinylidene FlourideSB - Shasta BlueTC - Terra CottaXPD - Exterior Premium DurabilityXRW - Exterior Roofing and WallingXSE - Exterior Severe EnvironmentsZ / A - Zincalume

Standard Panel ProfilesStandard Panel ProfilesStandard Panel ProfilesStandard Panel ProfilesStandard Panel Profiles

Profile A - High-Rib panelProfile B - High-Rib Plus panelProfile C - Low-Rib panelProfile D - Sculptured Z-Liner panelProfile E - Flat Z-Liner panelProfile F - 5-Rib panelProfile G - Deep-Rib panelProfile R - R panelTCHR - Tempcon High-Rib Sandwich panel

TCLR - Tempcon Low-Rib Sandwich panelTCMD - Tempcon Modified Sandwich panel

Codes, Specifications and StandardsCodes, Specifications and StandardsCodes, Specifications and StandardsCodes, Specifications and StandardsCodes, Specifications and Standards

ACI - American Concrete InstituteAISC - American Institute of Steel ConstructionAISI - American Iron and Steel InstituteANSI - American National Standard InstituteAS - Australian StandardASCE - American Society of Civil EngineersASTM - American Society for Testing and MaterialsAWS - American Welding SocietyBS - British Standard (Institute)DIN - Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V. (German Institute for StandardizatioEN - Europe StandardsISO - International Organization for StandardizationJIS - Japanese Industrial StandardsMBMA - Metal Building Manufacturers AssociationSSPC - Steel Structures Painting CouncilUBC - Uniform Building CodeUL - Underwriters Laboratories Inc.


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ENGINEERINGENGINEERINGENGINEERINGENGINEERINGENGINEERING

PRACTICESPRACTICESPRACTICESPRACTICESPRACTICES

CHAPTER

3


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3.3.3.3.3. Engineering PracticesEngineering PracticesEngineering PracticesEngineering PracticesEngineering Practices

3.1 General .......................................................................... 55

3.2 Design Codes and Building Codes ............................. 56

3.3 Design Loads ................................................................ 57

3.4 Collateral Loads............................................................ 59

3.5 Mezzanine Live Loads .................................................. 60

3.6 Building Material Weights ............................................61

3.7 Conversion Factors ...................................................... 62

3.8 Deflection Criteria......................................................... 64

3.9 Engineering Output ...................................................... 65

3.10 Building Design Certification ...................................... 67


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CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3 : ENGINEERING PRACTICES : ENGINEERING PRACTICES : ENGINEERING PRACTICES : ENGINEERING PRACTICES : ENGINEERING PRACTICESSection 3.1 : General 1 of 1

Since its establishment in 1977, Zamil Steel hasaggressively pursued complex engineering projectsand has taken an active role in converting complexbuildings designed with conventional structuralsteel into simpler and more economical pre-engineered steel buildings without sacrificing theutility and function of these buildings.

In its quest to become the engineering leader in thepre-engineered steel building industry, Zamil Steelhas pioneered notable advancements in softwaredevelopment and computerization. Today, ZamilSteel is the only PEB company in the world where

all professional staff are equipped with a state-of-the-art computer and where 100% of the engineeringoutput (design calculations, erection drawings, shopdetails and bills of material) is produced in digitalformat.

In-house