jawaban chap 7 sim

8/13/2019 Jawaban Chap 7 Sim

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Chapter 7 Managing Data Resources 7-1

Chapter 7Managing Data Resources

True-False Questions

1. The benefits of a DBMS are immediately tangible.

Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. !"

2. Excellent hardware and software will result in inefficient information systems if filemanagement is poor.

Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. !"

. ! record describes an entity.

Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. !#

". #n traditional file processing$ each functional area$ by de%eloping its own speciali&edapplications$ contributes to data redundancy and wastes resources.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !&

'. ! traditional file processing system cannot deli%er ad hoc reports in a timely fashion.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !7

(. ! DBMS eliminates most of the data definition statements found in traditional programs.

Answer: True Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. !(

). ! data manipulation language is usually used to replace con%entional third* and fourth*generation programming languages to manipulate the data in the database.

Answer: False Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. !)

+. More ad%anced data dictionaries are acti%e in that related programs can automatically usechanges in the dictionary.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !)

,. The most popular type of DBMS today for -s is the networ/ DBMS.

Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. "*

10. The strength of the relational model is that it can relate data in two files if the files share acommon data element.

Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. "*

11. The proect operation creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "+


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7-2 Managing Data Resources Chapter 7

12. The hierarchical model DBMS is a later %ersion of the relational model DBMS.

Answer: False Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "!

1. ierarchical structures are limited in that each child may ha%e only one parent.

Answer: True Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. "!

1". #BM3s #MS is a reliable hierarchical system still in use by many ban/s.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. ""

1'. on%entional DBMS can easily handle graphics*based and multimedia applications.

Answer: False Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. ""

1(. The two design exercises primary to the design of a database are logical and physical.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. ""

1). The entity*relationship diagram documents the physical design of the database.

Answer: False Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "#

1+. Most relational databases in use today ha%e become fully normali&ed o%er the time duringwhich they ha%e been used.

Answer: False Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. "&

1,. Distributed systems increase the %ulnerability of a central site.

Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. "7

20. 4ocal databases can create security problems by widely distributing access to sensiti%e data.

Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. "7

21. The intent of the data administration function is to define information re5uirements for theentire company$ with direct access to senior management.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "7

22. The end*user is the primary ad%ocate in the organi&ation for database systems.

Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. "7

2. The fundamental principle of data administration is to define ownership of data by the areathat produces them.

Answer: False Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "(

2". The purpose of enterprise analysis is to identify the /ey entities$ attributes$ and relationshipsthat constitute the organi&ation3s data.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "(


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2'. ! database ser%es the same community of users as traditional systems.

Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. "(

2(. 64!- is another term for multidimensional data analysis.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. ")

2). 7ith traditional systems$ what is immediately a%ailable is current data only.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. ")

2+. The primary ad%antage of a data warehouse is that anyone can access and update the datastored in the data warehouse.

Answer: False Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #*

2,. ! maor ad%antage to data warehousing is that /ey operational data is a%ailable in aconsistent$ reliable$ accessible format.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #*

0. ! data mart is a subset of a hierarchical system.

Answer: False Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #*

1. Too many data marts create complexity$ costs$ and management problems.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #*

2. Datamining helps companies engage in target mar/eting.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #+

. Datamining poses challenges to the protection of indi%idual pri%acy.

Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. #+

". ypermedia databases store chun/s of multimedia information in the form of nodesconnected by lin/s the user specifies.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #!

'. 7ith the hypermedia database approach$ the relationship between records is less structuredthan in a traditional DBMS.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #!

(. The hypermedia database approach enables users to access topics on a 7eb site inwhate%er order they wish.

Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. #!

). 4egacy databases can be lin/ed to the 7eb %ia middleware and other software products.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #"


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+. The software between the 7eb ser%er and the DBMS must always be an application ser%er.

Answer: False Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. #"

,. #t costs more to add a 7eb interface in front of a legacy system than it does to redesign andrebuild the system to impro%e user access.

Answer: False Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. ##

"0. !n ad%antage to using the 7eb to access an organi&ation3s internal databases is that the7eb interface re5uires no changes to the internal database.

Answer: True Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. ##

Multiple- Choice Questions

"1. #mplementing a database re5uires widespread organi&ational change in8

a. the role of information.b. the allocation of power at senior management le%els.c. the ownership and sharing of information.d. patterns of organi&ational agreement.e. !ll of the abo%e

Answer: e Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !"

"2. The costs of mo%ing to a database en%ironment are8

a. tangible$ low$ and bac/*loaded.b. intangible$ bac/*loaded$ and long*term.c. short*term$ expensi%e$ and intangible.d. tangible$ up front$ and large in the short term.e. up front$ intangible$ and expensi%e.

Answer: $ Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !"

". The benefits of mo%ing to a database en%ironment are8

a. tangible$ low$ and bac/*loaded.b. bac/*loaded$ expensi%e$ and short term.c. intangible$ bac/*loaded$ and long term.d. short term$ expensi%e$ and intangible.

e. up front$ intangible$ and inexpensi%e.

Answer: c Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !"

"". !n effecti%e information system pro%ides users with8

a. inexpensi%e information.b. timely$ accurate$ and rele%ant information.c. e%erything they need to ma/e decisions.


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d. many reports from different angles.e. an enterprise system.

Answer: , Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !"

"'. Many organi&ations ha%e inefficient information systems because of8

a. poor file management.b. management interference in M#S.c. lac/ of cooperation between staff and line departments.d. outdated computers and bad information.e. poorly*paid personnel.

Answer: a Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. !"

"(. The data hierarchy goes from bits and bytes to8

a. entities$ attributes$ fields$ and records.b. fields$ attributes$ entities$ and records.c. fields$ records$ files$ and databases.

d. records$ entities$ fields$ and databases.e. attributes$ entities$ records$ and tuples.

Answer: c Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !#

"). ! characteristic or 5uality describing an entity is called a9n:8

a. field.b. tuple.c. /ey field.d. attribute.e. record.

Answer: $ Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !#

"+. Duplicate data in multiple data files is8

a. data redundancy.b. data multiplication.c. always necessary in networ/ed databases.d. typical of the relational model.e. a characteristic of a hierarchy.

Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. !7

",. #n a traditional file en%ironment$ any change in data re5uires8

a. a different entity description.b. a change in all programs that access the data.c. management appro%al.d. data redundancy.e. a different data dictionary.

Answer: , Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !7

'0. The DBMS acts as an interface between application programs and8


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a. the user.b. the reporting facility.c. the logical design of the database.d. the physical data files.e. ;one of the abo%e

Answer: $ Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !(

'1. The logical description of the entire database showing all the data elements andrelationships among them best describes8

a. data definition language.b. data dictionary.c. physical schema.d. conceptual schema.e. subschema.

Answer: $ Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !(

'2. The specific set of data from the database that is re5uired by each user or applicationprogram best describes8

a. data definition language.b. data dictionary.c. physical schema.d. conceptual schema.e. subschema.

Answer: e Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !)

'. S


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d. shares common data elements with application programs.e. !ll of the abo%e

Answer: , Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "*

'(. The three basic operations used to de%elop useful sets of data in a relational databaseare8

a. sort$ select$ and report.b. combine$ relate$ and sort.c. select$ proect$ and oin.d. proect$ combine$ and report.e. oin$ relate$ and sort.

Answer: c Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "+

'). The hierarchical DBMS8

a. presents data to users in a treeli/e structure.b. allows one parent for each child.

c. organi&es data elements into segments.d. allows many children to one parent.e. !ll of the abo%e

Answer: e Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "!

'+. ierarchical DBMS can still be found in8

a. older$ less flexible management en%ironments that do not understand modern media.b. large legacy systems that re5uire intensi%e high*%olume transaction processing.c. small new companies that do not need relational DBMS.d. obect*oriented en%ironments.e. companies using low*le%el programming languages.

Answer: , Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. ""

',. The conceptual design of a database is8

a. more important than the physical design.b. an abstract model of the database from the business perspecti%e.c. easier for a programmer to understand than the logical design.d. the actual arrangement of data on direct access storage de%ices.e. an easy*to*change data model.

Answer: , Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. ""

(0. ! methodology for documenting databases illustrating the relationship between %ariousentities in the database best describes8

a. data flow diagram.b. state transition diagram.c. entity*relationship diagram.d. entity se5uence diagram.e. obect model.

Answer: c Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. "#


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(1. Database designers document the conceptual data model with8

a. normali&ation diagrams.b. an entity*relationship diagram.c. a distributed*hierarchical diagram.d. an entity*attributes diagram.e. a database model.

Answer: , Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. "#

(2. To use a relational database model effecti%ely8

a. three*dimensional models must be created.b. there must be a minimum of four relationships.c. flat files must be eliminated.d. complex groupings of data must be streamlined.e. !ll of the abo%e

Answer: $ Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "#

(. #f a database has been carefully considered$ with a clear understanding of businessinformation needs and uses8

a. relationships arrange themsel%es.b. the database model will most li/ely be in some normali&ed form.c. each part will ha%e only one supplier.d. repeating groups will occur.e. all the attributes will be listed first.

Answer: , Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. "&

(". ! distributed database8

a. can pose security problems.b. does not need to be updated often.c. is updated continuously at the central location.d. is on one client=ser%er networ/.e. is usually in a small geographic area$ such as a uni%ersity.

Answer: a Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "7

('. Distributed systems8

a. often can run on smaller$ less expensi%e computers.b. increase ser%ice and responsi%eness to local users.

c. depend on high*5uality telecommunication lines.d. pose security problems by widely distributing access to sensiti%e data.e. !ll of the abo%e

Answer: e Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "7

((. The organi&ational interests ser%ed by the DBMS are >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> than those inthe traditional file en%ironment.

a. narrower


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b. easier to controlc. easier to understandd. much broadere. less secure

Answer: $ Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. "(

(). Enterprise analysis8

a. is needed to de%elop databases.b. must be underta/en before the firm does business on the #nternet.c. is not pertinent to database design and de%elopment.d. sets out specific procedures and accountabilities.e. is usually a security issue.

Answer: a Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. "(

(+. ?elational systems with fourth*generation 5uery languages8

a. are outdated today.

b. permit employees who are not computer specialists to access large databases.c. re5uire extensi%e employee training before they can be accessed.d. are not useful to #nternet companies.e. are not yet a%ailable to most businesses.

Answer: , Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "(

(,. Multidimensional analysis8

a. enables users to %iew the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions.b. uses current data only.c. plots data on a %ariable line.d. is not good for historical data.

e. is best used in larger companies.

Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. "(

)0. @nder traditional data systems8

a. the #S department maintains tight control of all data and its distribution.b. data are easier to locate$ but harder to /eep secure.c. data are fragmented in separate operational systems.d. data are harder to locate$ but easier to /eep secure.e. ;one of the abo%e

Answer: c Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. ")

)1. 64!- stands for8

a. obect*oriented layered application programming.b. obect*relational legacy attributes placement.c. obecti%e layered attributes processing.d. online legacy application placement.e. online analytical processing.

Answer: e Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. ")


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)2. Data warehousing uses data from8

a. daily reports only.b. di%erse applications and locations.c. di%erse applications$ but one location.d. many locations$ but one application.e. primarily go%ernment locations.

Answer: , Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #*

). Datamining8

a. cannot predict li/ely future beha%ior.b. finds hidden patterns and relationships in large pools of data.c. is illegal.d. is not accurate for small companies.e. loo/s only at broad areas$ not detail.

Answer: , Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. #+

)". #ndi%idual pri%acy can be threatened by8

a. older legacy systems.b. datamining.c. multidimensional modeling.d. data administration.e. database administration.

Answer: , Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. #+

)'. A#8

a. stands for onsumer Araphic #nterface.b. is a specification for transferring information between a 7eb ser%er and a program

designed to accept and return data.c. is a corporate approach to data warehousing.d. is a search engine written using -E?4.e. is always a%a*based.

Answer: , Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #"

)(. The maor enterprise system %endors ha%e enhanced their software so that users8

a. do not need to deal with pri%acy issues.b. organi&e data along traditional product lines.

c. can ma/e use of large public databases.d. can integrate different platforms in their information interface.e. can access enterprise data through a 7eb interface.

Answer: e Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. ##

)). The principal types of DBMS today are8

a. hierarchical and legacy.b. legacy and obect*oriented.


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c. relational and legacy.d. relational and obect*oriented.e. hierarchical and relational.

Answer: $ Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #7

)+. The organi&ation3s data model should reflect8

a. its /ey business processes and decision*ma/ing re5uirements.b. its concern with security.c. management understanding of data processing.d. its connection to legacy systems.e. social awareness.

Answer: a Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #7


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Fill n the lan/s

79. !9n: fieldis a grouping of characters into a word$ a group of words$ or a complete number.

Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. !#

+0. !9n: recordis a group of related fields.


+1. !9n: fileis a group of records of the same type.


+2. !9n: databaseis a group of related files.


+. !9n: entityis a person$ place$ thing$ or e%ent about which information must be /ept.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !#

+". !9n: attributeis a piece of information describing a particular entity.


+'. !9n: key fieldis the field in a record that uni5uely identifies instances of that record so that itcan be retrie%ed$ updated$ or sorted.


+(. Data redundancyis the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files.


+). The close relationship between data stored in files and the software programs that updateand maintain those data is calledprogram data dependence.

Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. !7

++. !9n: database$ by rigorous definition$ is a collection of data organi&ed to ser%ice manyapplications at the same time by storing and managing data so that they appear to be in onelocation.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !(

+,. !9n: database management system (DBMS) is special software to create and maintain adatabase and enable indi%idual business applications to extract the data they need withoutha%ing to create separate files or data definitions in their computer programs.


,0. The logical viewpresents data as they would be percei%ed by end users or businessspecialists.


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,1. Thephysical viewshows how data are actually organi&ed and structured on physicalstorage media.


,2. ! subschemais the specific set of data from the database that is re5uired by each user orapplication program.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. !)

,. !9n: data elementis a field.


,". !9n: data definition languageis the component of a database management system thatdefines each data element as it appears in the database.


,'. !9n: data manipulation languageis the language associated with a database managementsystem that end users and programmers use to manipulate data in the database.


,(. The standard data manipulation language for relational database management systems isSQ (Structured Query anguage).


,). !9n: data dictionaryis an automated or manual tool for storing and organi&ing informationabout the data maintained in a database.


,+. !9n: relational DBMSis a type of logical database model that treats data as if they werestored in two*dimensional tables. #t can associate data stored in one table to data in anotheras long as the two tables share a common data element.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "*

,,. !9n: tupleis a row or record in a relational database.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "*

100. The selectoperation creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meet statedcriteria.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "+

101. The!oinoperation combines relational tables to pro%ide the user with more information thanis a%ailable in the indi%idual tables.

Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. "+


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102. Thepro!ectoperation creates a subset consisting of columns in a table$ permitting the userto create new tables that contain only the information re5uired.

Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. "+

10. !9n: hierarchical DBMSis an older logical database model that organi&es data in a treeli/estructure.

Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. "!

10". !9n: network DBMSis an older logical database model that is useful for depicting many*to*many relationships.

Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. "!

10'. !9n: ob!ect"oriented DBMSis an approach to data management that stores both data andthe procedures acting on the data as obects that can be automatically retrie%ed and shared.

Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. ""

10(. !9n: ob!ect"relational DBMSis a database management system that combines thecapabilities of a relational DBMS for storing traditional information and the capabilities of anobect*oriented DBMS.

Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. ""

10). !9n: entity"relationship diagramis a methodology for documenting databases illustratingthe relationship between %arious entities in the database.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "#

10+. #ormali$ationis the process of creating small$ stable$ and adapti%e data structures fromcomplex groups of data when designing a relational database.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "#

10,. !9n: distributed databaseis a database that is stored in more than one physical location.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "&

110. Data administrationis a special organi&ational function for managing the organi&ation3sdata resourcesC it is concerned with information policy$ data planning$ maintenance of datadictionaries$ and data 5uality standards.

Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. "7

111. !9n: information policyis the set of formal rules go%erning the maintenance$ distribution$and use of information in an organi&ation.

Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. "(

112. Database administrationrefers to the more technical and operational aspects of managingdata$ including physical database design and maintenance.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. "(


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11. The capability for manipulating and analy&ing large %olumes of data from multipleperspecti%es is called on"line analytical processing (%&').

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. ")

11". !9n: data warehouseis a database with reporting and 5uery tools that stores current andhistorical data extracted from %arious operational systems and consolidated for managementreporting and analysis.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #*

11'. !9n: data martis a small data warehouse containing only a portion of the organi&ation3s datafor a specified function or population of users.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #*

11(. Dataminingis the analysis of large pools of data to find patterns and rules that can be usedto guide decision ma/ing and predict future beha%ior.

Difficulty: Me$iu% Reference: p. #+

11). !9n: hypermedia databaseis an approach to data management that organi&es data as anetwor/ of nodes lin/ed in any pattern the user specifiesC the nodes can contain text$graphics$ sound$ full*motion %ideo$ or executable programs.

Difficulty: 'ar$ Reference: p. #!

11+. !9n: database serveris a computer in a client=ser%er en%ironment that is responsible forrunning a DBMS to process S


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fields$ which are named groupings of characters. ! group of related fields creates a record$each of which describes one entity. ! group of related records composes a file. Aroups ofrelated files compose a database. Each record must contain one field$ called the /ey$ whichuni5uely identifies that particular entity in the file. 4in/ing fields that occur in both filesthrough the /ey field of one of the files to the same field data in the second file can relateentities file*to*file.

121. $entify four pro,le%s en$e%ic to the tra$itional file en3iron%ent.

#f each branch of the organi&ation designs$ manages$ and /eeps its own information$ theproblems of data redundancy$ program*data dependence$ inflexibility$ poor data security$ andinability to share data among applications will become apparent$ and worsen$ with time.

122. 'ow $oes the $ata,ase approach to $ata %anage%ent increase the efficiency an$effecti3eness of an organi0ation4

The DBMS 9database management system: uses special software to create and maintain acentral database a%ailable to e%eryone in the organi&ation. This enables indi%idual businessapplications to extract the data they need without ha%ing to create separate files or datadefinitions. The data are more secure because they are held in one place$ more consistent

and accurate because the same data are not /ept in many separate files 9each of which mustbe updated accurately when the data changes:$ and more flexible because the DBMSsupports ad hoc in5uiries.

12. 5hat is %eant ,y the ter% 6nor%ali0ation4 5hy are so%e effecti3e DM2 syste%snot co%pletely nor%ali0e$4

To use a relational database model effecti%ely$ complex groupings of data must bestreamlined to eliminate redundant data elements and aw/ward many*to*many relationships.The process of creating small$ stable data structures from complex groups of data is callednormali&ation. The obecti%e is to set the data files up so that each item of data re5uired bythe DBMS need be entered only once$ then pulled for multiple reports as re5uired by the%arious applications. Many real*world databases are not fully normali&ed because this may

not be the most sensible way to meet their business information re5uirements. #n a casewhere each single part is always ordered from the same manufacturer$ and eachmanufacturer is responsible only for the one part it pro%ides$ fully normali&ing the databasewould re5uire two separate filesFone for the parts$ another for the manufacturer G which inthis case would not be efficient.

12". Define each of the following pairs of ter%s1 $istinguishing ,etween the %e%,ers ofeach pair. 8ogical 3iew an$ physical 3iew9 $ata $efinition language an$ $ata%anipulation language9 $ata $ictionary an$ $ata ele%ent.

The logical %iew of the database is the representation of data$ as they would appear to anapplication programmer or end user. The physical %iew of the data is the representation ofdata$ as they would actually be placed on the physical storage media.

The data definition language is that component of a database management system thatdefines each data element as it appears in the database. The data manipulation language isthe language associated with a DBMS that end users and programmers use to 5uery thedata in the database. S


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programs$ and reports that use this data element are also identified.

12'. Descri,e the three ,asic operations of the relational $ata,ase.

The three basic operations are select$ oin$ and proect. The select operation creates asubset consisting of all records in the file that meet stated criteria. The proect operationcreates a subset consisting of columns in a table$ permitting the user to create new tablesthat contain only the information re5uired. The oin operation combines relational tables topro%ide the user with more information than is a%ailable in the indi%idual tables.

12(. 8ist an$ $escri,e the four critical ele%ents in a $ata,ase en3iron%ent.

The textboo/ identifies data administration$ data planning and modeling methodology$database technology and management$ and users as the four critical elements. Dataadministration is the special organi&ational function for managing the organi&ation3s dataresourcesC it is concerned with information policy$ data planning$ maintenance of datadictionaries$ and data 5uality standards. Data planning and modeling methodology is the useof enterprise analysis to identify and address the information re5uirements of the entireorgani&ation$ as opposed to the re5uirements of indi%idual applications. Enterprise analysisidentifies the /ey entities$ attributes$ and relationships that constitute the organi&ation3s data.

Database technology and management refers to the decisions and processes in%ol%ed in thepurchase of hardware and software and the identification of those in management who areresponsible for specific areas of data gathering$ maintenance$ and reporting. @sers are theindi%iduals who actually manipulate the data gathered$ creating and distributing thenecessary reports.

12). Define an$ $escri,e 8A; an$ its potential uses.

6nline analytical processing pro%ides powerful tools for the manipulation and analysis oflarge %olumes of data from multiple perspecti%es or dimensions. #t pro%ides analyses thattraditional database models cannot represent$ such as the ability to compare and manipulateproduct$ pricing$ cost$ region$ or time period$ each in relationship to any one of the others.These data %iews can become %ery complex$ with one set nested within another. Senior

management can use such %iews in planning long*range changes in the organi&ation.

12+. Define an$ $escri,e $ata warehouses1 $ata %arts1 an$ $ata%ining. 5hat is the %a

jawaban chap 7 sim

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