introdução ao django

Apresentando

Marcel P. Caraciolo@marcelcaraciolo

Residência RISE - 2011

1

Esta palestra está sobre a licença Creative Commons

Residência de Reuso - 2011.1 - Recife/PE

ou seja distribuir , modificar e copiar tudo liberado :D

mas sempre cite a original nos seus créditos

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

Esta aula faz parte do curso de Residência de Reuso de Software pela RISE

2



O que é Django ?


3

O que é Django ?

Não é Jungle. É Django.

4

Não é Django Reinhardt ... na verdade é

5

É um framework web

Criado em 2005

Lawrence, Kansas - Lawerence Journal World

Licença BSD

Aplicação Web


6

É um framework web

Criado em 2005

Lawrence, Kansas - Lawerence Journal World

Licença BSD

Aplicação Web

http://www.flickr.com/photos/plinton/215437652/

DRYDon’t Repeat Yourself

7



Django é Python!

Escrito em Python

Focado em Desenvolvimento Ágil

Don’t Repeat yourself

!"#$%&'()*"*

! *+"(,%-'./0.

!"#$$$%&'(&)*+,


8

Projeto == Várias aplicações

http://djangopackages.com

django.contrib.admin

django.contrib.commentssouth

django-paginationdjango-mailer

django-registration

...


9



E isto é MVC ?

Models

Controllers Views


10

Alguns chamam de MTV


11

Alguns chamam de MTV

Model - Template - Views12

Aplicações

Deve fazer uma coisa, e fazer direito

Se a descrição de sua aplicação for maior que umalinha, talvez ela precise ser quebrada

Reutilizável (DRY se lembra ?)

Talvez já exista!


13

Instalando a aplicaçãoAplicações

Coloque no path (PYTHONPATH)

Coloque no INSTALLED_APPS no settings.py

settings.py


14

Aplicações

A aplicação é auto-contida

tests.py

urls.py

templates/

admin.py


15

Fácil de Usar

$ pip install django

$ django-admin.py startproject dwitter


16

Fácil de Usar

$ pip install django


!"#$"%&'#()"*%+"*,#-)*


!"#$%&'"(%")*"+,'-(.&'///"0"%%./%*(%0#%1/%2#3#444

__init__.py

manage.py

settings.py

urls.py

!".51"23%+'*(4'%"2(")*"+,'-(.&'"5!"#$%&#'(6"(*"278*9'/

6#%7%8-9#"*(%:;<


17

Fácil de Usar

$ cd dwitter

$ python manage.py runserver!""#$%#"&$'()*"+&,"+-(%*+.(&/&0%1("+)&234

$ cd dwitter$ python manage.py runserver

Validating models...0 errors found

Django version 1.1, using settings 'dwitter.settings'Development server is running at http://127.0.0.1:8000/Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

Já vem com um servidor web !Residência de Reuso - 2011.1 - Recife/PE

18

Fácil de Usar


19

Quem usa ?

!"#$$$

!"#$%&'#()'*+)&,-.


20

Documentação

21

Banco de Dados

!"#$%22

Banco de Dados!"#$%&'()*+

def book_list(request): try: db = MySQLdb.connect(user='me', db='mydb', passwd='secret', host='localhost') cursor = db.cursor() cursor.execute('SELECT nama FROM books ORDER BY name') names = [] for row in cursor.fetchall() names.append(row[0]) db.close() except: return render_to_response('500.html') return render_to_response('book_list.html', {'names':names})


23

Banco de Dados

!"#$%&'()#*'#!"#$%&+++#,-,

12 linhas em Python ... :(

24

Banco de Dados

12 linhas em Python ... :(

!"#$%!&'()*+"(,-./0-,$1-22304525

ORM

Padrão Active Record

Classe Table

!"#$%&'()*+

def book_list(request):

names = Books.objects.all().order_by('name')

return render_to_response('book_list.html', {'names':names})


26

Criar tabelas?! Fácil!

$ python manage.py syncdb

Crie as tabelas no banco. E pronto!Residência de Reuso - 2011.1 - Recife/PE

27

Vamos começar ?

djangoproject.com - site oficial

djangobrasil.org - site oficial nacional

djangogigs.com - vagas de empregro

djangopeople.net - rede social

djangosites.org - rede social de sites em django

djangosearch.com - busca assuntos relacionados

djangocodesearch.com - busca nos fontes


28

Vamos à prática!


29

Instalação Python

http://www.python.org/download

sudo apt-get install python


!"#$%&'()(*+,%#-.'/0%

$ sudo apt-get install python

http://www.python.org/download/

!"#$%&'#()*+%,"-./0'%.)1%2'*1,#"'1%2.5.4%0%2.6.1

!"#$%&'()(*+,%#-.'/0%



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!"#$%&'()(*+,%#-.'/0%



!"#$%&'#()*+%,"-./0'%.)1%2'*1,#"'1%2.5.4%0%2.6.1Já vem com python instalado

30





Instalação de Banco de Dados

Poderíamos escolher dentre vários SGBD’s


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2)3$45(6-/1)

2)7"/+%'-89:

2);<89:

2)3'(46-

2)!"#$%&

2)!"*&#5,(,1)

2)8<=(/-)89:)>#<?@-'-

2)A.;)0.B

2);54'"/"C)89:)8-'D-')BEEF

2)G5'-=5',

2)30.!

'()*+,%-.-/$0+)!123

31

Instalação de Banco de Dados

Vamos usar o Sqlite!


Precisa instalar ?! Não :D

Python já vem com SGBD incluso!

http://docs.python.org/library/sqlite3.html

32



Instalação de Django

3 maneiras!


apt-get install python-django

http://www.djangoproject.com/downloadpython setup.py install

http://www.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk

33

http://www.djangoproject.com/download




http://www.django

http://www.django

Instalação de Django


!""#$%&'()

>>> import django>>> django.VERSION(1, 1, 0, 'final', 0)

>>> import djangoTraceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>ImportError: No module named django

!""#$%&'()



!""#$%&'()



!""#$%&'()



34

Criando um projeto


!"#$"%&'#()"*%+"*,#-)*


!"#$%&'"(%")*"+,'-(.&'///"0"%%./%*(%0#%1/%2#3#444

__init__.py

manage.py

settings.py

urls.py

5#%6%7-8#"*(%9:;

$ django-admin.py startproject seminario

35

Criando um projeto

Residência de Reuso - 2011.1 - Recife/PE!"#$%!&'(36

Criando um projeto


!""#$%#"&$'()*"+&,"+-(%*+.(&/&0%1("+)&234

$ cd dwitter$ python manage.py runserver

Validating models...0 errors found

Django version 1.1, using settings 'dwitter.settings'Development server is running at http://127.0.0.1:8000/Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

37

Entendendo sua App


!"#$%&$'()&*+

!!"#$!%&%!+,%- "'()*%&%.%/0-)1% #!+),!$*"!,%&%234-"5%6

38

urls.py


Módulo urls.py serve como porta de entrada para requisições HTTP

As URL’s são definidas por expressões regulares que redirecionam as requisições para as respectivas views

!"#$%&%'($)*$

! "#$%&'()*$+,-$./&$+&,-+$&*.*$/0(),+$1($(2,)+1+$/+)+$#+3$

/(4&5*2(3$6778

! 9($1(%2(2$:;<3$(#(=+2,(3$.(15+2,($(>/)(35*2(3$)(=0#+)(3$

?0($)(15)5=(2$+$@02&5*2(3$1($0(12$./&

0)#3A/B

C5(D3A/B

'E/FGG.B35,(A&*.G+H*0,G

',.# ...

I0)#/+E()23J

39

views.py


Módulo views.py tem funções com parâmetros um objeto HttpRequest

Retorna um objeto HttpResponse

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! "#$%&'()*'$+,$-),./012$3,()4,$(565$1#376,835/$&'$549,85$

+,-"./0.$)$2$85+5/$:5/$1#376,835/$+,$:#$;<"$(#18&3#+5/=$

8,'),'+5$>&,$+,-5:-,3$/),613,$&'$549,85$+,-".$-12$.

-),./012

+,-"./0.$)345%666

+,-".$-12$.34

40

Exemplo


!"#$%&%'($)*$

+,-./01%2!""http://mysite.com/time

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *from mysite.views import hora_actual

urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^time/$', hora_actual),)

from django.http import HttpResponsefrom datetime import datetime

def hora_actual(request): now = datetime.now() html = "Son las %s." % now

return HttpResponse(html)

!"#$%&'

()*+$%&'

urls.py

!"#$%&%'($)*$

+,-./01%2!""http://mysite.com/time

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *from mysite.views import hora_actual

urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^time/$', hora_actual),)

from django.http import HttpResponsefrom datetime import datetime

def hora_actual(request): now = datetime.now() html = "Son las %s." % now


!"#$%&'

()*+$%&'views.py

http://mysite.com.time

41



Exemplo 2


urls.py

views.py

http://mysite.com.time/plus/2

!"#$%&%'($)*$

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *from mysite.views import dentro_de

urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^time/plus/(\d{1,2})/$', dentro_de),)

from django.http import HttpResponsefrom datetime import datetime, timedelta

def dentro_de(request, offset): offset = int(offset) dt = datetime.now() + timedelta(hours=offset) html = "En %i hora(s), serán las %s." % (offset, dt)


!"#$%&'

()*+$%&'

+,-./01%2!""http://mysite.com/time/plus/2

!"#$%&%'($)*$

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *from mysite.views import dentro_de

urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^time/plus/(\d{1,2})/$', dentro_de),)

from django.http import HttpResponsefrom datetime import datetime, timedelta

def dentro_de(request, offset): offset = int(offset) dt = datetime.now() + timedelta(hours=offset) html = "En %i hora(s), serán las %s." % (offset, dt)


!"#$%&'

()*+$%&'

+,-./01%2!""http://mysite.com/time/plus/2

42




Html dentro da views?

43

Templates


Separa a camada de apresentação de forma independente

Linguagem de marcação embarcada dentro do html (Designers :D)

!"#$%&'"(

! "#$%&%'()%()*+,-%(.#($)"("*'&+,-*(%(/'%(-%$%(,'.#$#'.,#'0#1

! 2,-3#&45(,'.#$#'.,#'0#5(61307)8

! 9#'+/%:#(,'.#$#'.,#'0#(6;$%&%(.,5#<%.4&#5=8

44

Templates


Baseia-se em 2 objetos:

TemplateString a ser devolvida pelo HttpResponse

(geralmente HTML) com alguns marcadores especiais de Django.

Context Um dicionário com os valores a serem renderizados no Template.

!"#$%&'"(

! "#$%&'&($#($)*'$+,*'$)#$*%-#.*'/$0#1,2&.#34$5$6*(.#7.348

! 9($*%-#.*$!"#$%&'"34$:*(+#(#$#2$(')*+,$)#$'&2;)&$<=#$

<=#>#1*'$)#?*2?#>$#($#2$@A,B#',*('#$3(*>1&21#(.#$

@0CD4E$,#>*$;(:2=5#()*$#+<=#.&'$#',#:;&2#'$)#$F-&(G*8

! 9($*%-#.*$-.+'"/'34$:*(+#(#$=($0*11*.+&)*.$:*($2*'$

?&2*>#'$<=#$)&($:*(.#7.*$&$=(&$,2&(+22&E$2*'$<=#$)#%#($

='&>'#$,&>&$>#()#>;H&>$=($*%-#.*$0#1,2&.#348

"Bienvenido, {{ user }}."

{'user': 'alatar'}

0#1,2&.#/

6*(.#7./

"Bienvenido, alatar."

45

Exemplo 1


!"#$%&'"(

from django.http import HttpResponsefrom django.template import Template, Contextfrom datetime import datetime

PLANTILLA = """<html><body>Son las {{ hora }}.</body></html>"""

def hora_actual(request): now = datetime.now() t = Template(PLANTILLA) c = Context({'hora': now}) html = t.render(c) return HttpResponse(html)

! )*+#"*&"#$%&'()#*(+,"#-"&./012&3"!"#$%&'",-,./0'"1':(

46

Exemplo 2


!"#$%&'"(

! )"*+,-&"#$%&'()#*(+,"#-"&./012&3".$",/0123"&-/0124%.("/0

from django.http import HttpResponsefrom django.template import Template, Contextfrom datetime import datetime

def hora_actual(request): now = datetime.now() fp = open('/home/django/templates/hora.html') t = Template(fp.read()) fp.close() c = Context({'hora': now}) html = t.render(c) return HttpResponse(html)

:|

47

Exemplo 3


!"#$%&'"(

! !")*")&"#$%&'()#*(+,"#-"&./012&3"+"','"#$%&'"-.

from django.http import HttpResponsefrom django.template.loader import get_templatefrom django.template import Contextfrom datetime import datetime

def hora_actual(request): now = datetime.now() t = get_template('hora.html') c = Context({'hora': now}) html = t.render(c) return HttpResponse(html)

TEMPLATE_DIRS = ( '/home/django/templates',)

405,647$8

:)

48

Exemplo 3


!"#$%&'"(

! !")*")&"#$%&'()#*(+,"#-"&./012&3"+"','"#$%&'"-.

from django.http import HttpResponsefrom django.template.loader import get_templatefrom django.template import Contextfrom datetime import datetime

def hora_actual(request): now = datetime.now() t = get_template('hora.html') c = Context({'hora': now}) html = t.render(c) return HttpResponse(html)


405,647$8

:D

49

Exemplo 4


!"#$%&'"(

! "#$%&'()*+,*-.*/(0))"*+"),'-,)"($-*("./

from django.shortcuts import render_to_responsefrom datetime import datetime

def hora_actual(request): now = datetime.now() return render_to_response('hora.html', {'hora': now})

:O

50

Lembrete!


!"#$%&'"()*!+$


!"#$%!&'( )"*!+,-".

+''!/&,

-,

0 1+.2+3'"4+./templates."!.,*!2+5+.5"$436.5".2+5+.+''&

0 76$89"$".9$2-*93.*$+.2+3'"4+.26$."-.$6:,3".5".-+.+''.'63.2-+395+5&

TEMPLATE_LOADERS = ( 'django.template.loaders.filesystem.load_template_source', 'django.template.loaders.app_directories.load_template_source',)

return render_to_response('website/index.html')

;-4"3$+<8+.3"*<-9=+,-">

!"#$%&'"()*!+$


!"#$%!&'( )"*!+,-".

+''!/&,

-,

0 1+.2+3'"4+./templates."!.,*!2+5+.5"$436.5".2+5+.+''&

0 76$89"$".9$2-*93.*$+.2+3'"4+.26$."-.$6:,3".5".-+.+''.'63.2-+395+5&



;-4"3$+<8+.3"*<-9=+,-">

!"#$%&'"()*!+$


!"#$%!&'( )"*!+,-".

+''!/&,

-,

0 1+.2+3'"4+./templates."!.,*!2+5+.5"$436.5".2+5+.+''&

0 76$89"$".9$2-*93.*$+.2+3'"4+.26$."-.$6:,3".5".-+.+''.'63.2-+395+5&



;-4"3$+<8+.3"*<-9=+,-">

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+''!/&,

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;-4"3$+<8+.3"*<-9=+,-">

51

Templates: {{}}


Sintaxe simples de templates

Desacoplado de Python

HTML com anabolizantes

Extensível

Designers vão se apaixonar!

!"#$%&'"()*++,,

<html> <head>Ejemplo templates</head> <body> Hola, {{ username }}. </body></html>

{'username': 'juan'}

<html> <head>Ejemplo templates</head> <body> Hola, juan. </body></html>

Templates não podem executar

código Python!!!!

52

Templates: {{}}


!"#$%&'()(*+,'

Tags

53

Tags


!"#$%&'"()*'&+(*,-*-.

{% comment %} Bu! {% endcomment %}/0##"1'

203 {% for elemento in lista %} <li>{{ elemento }}<li>{% endfor %}

42 {% if username == "Juan" %} Hola Juan, me gustas!{% else %} Hola {{ username }},{% endif %}

== != > < >= <=in and or not

54

Filters


!"#$%&'"()*+,%'"-(

<html> <head>Ejemplo templates</head> <body> Hola, {{ username|title }}. </body></html>

{'username': 'juan'}

<html> <head>Ejemplo templates</head> <body> Hola, Juan. </body></html>

.'%"

55

Filters


!"#$%&'"()*+,%'"-({'value': 123456789}

{{ value|add:”1” }}&.. 123456790

{{ value|filesizeformat }}/%"(,0"12-#&' 117.7MB

{'date': datetime.datetime(2010, 9, 11, 17, 1, 59, 385323) }

{{ date|date:”d M Y” }}.&'" 11 Sep 2010

{{ date|timesince }}3#"(,45" 4 days, 6 hours

{{ date|timeuntil }}3#"643% 1 days, 6 hours

56

Modelos


Nós temos objetos e queremos persistí-los

Mapeamento entre Objetos e tabelas

Django tem ORM!

57

Eu crio classes e objetos


!"#$%"

from django.db import models

class Books(models.Model):

name = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=100)

created = models.DateTimeField(blank=False)

available = models.BooleanField(default=True)

!"&'#$($'#$')*+",-./0

!"#$%&'()*"$*+,-.+-,/*"0$"'&1),(/.'2&"1$'23*)+43

!"#$%&'()*"3$453*))*"'$4"!"#$"%&&'()&*"+'(,*-.&/"01$2223

!"6'*)+"0$%&'.'2&"0$4"()0$4)"!4#"50%6*478"'(,*9/#(*(:)3"

58

O ORM converte para SQL


!"#$%&'(&)$*+,

BEGIN;

CREATE TABLE "website_books" (

"id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,

"name" varchar(100) NOT NULL,

"created" datetime NOT NULL,

"available" bool NOT NULL

);

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

CREATE TABLE "website_books" (

"id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,

"name" varchar(100) NOT NULL,

"created" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,

"available" boolean NOT NULL

);

COMMIT;

59

Com 1 comando!



60

Configure o seu banco


!"#$%&'(')*+,#%*-./

DATABASE_ENGINE = 'sqlite3'

DATABASE_NAME = 'db.sqlite'

DATABASE_USER = ''

DATABASE_PASSWORD = ''

DATABASE_HOST = ''

DATABASE_PORT = ''

settings.py

61

e se alterar os modelos ?


Não atualiza os esquemas existentes! :(

GoHorse: Dropa na mão e rexecuta syncdb!

south

desed

django-evolution

yasdel

Ou aplicações externas:

62

Exemplo


!"#$%&

$ python manage.py syncdbCreating table auth_permissionCreating table auth_groupCreating table auth_userCreating table auth_messageCreating table django_content_typeCreating table django_sessionCreating table django_siteCreating table website_tweet

You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yesUsername (Leave blank to use 'neo'): admin E-mail address: [email protected]: Password (again): Superuser created successfully.Installing index for auth.Permission modelInstalling index for auth.Message modelInstalling index for website.Tweet model

63

Exercício 03


Criar o backend da sua app seminarios

Vamos usar o sqlite3

64

Exemplo


Hora de fazer montar consultas!

65

ORM- Consultas


$ python manage.py shell

select * from publisher;

!"#$%&'()*+,#,(-#*(./0

ts = Publisher.objects.all()

Model

Manager

QuerySet

66

ORM- Consultas


!"#$%&'())*+%,&-#))./

class Publisher(models.Model): ... def __unicode__(self): return self.name

>>> Publisher.objects.all()[<Publisher: Publisher object>]

>>> Publisher.objects.all()[<Publisher: Apress>]

67

ORM- Inserção


!"#$%&

>>> p = Publisher(... name='Apress',... address='2855 Telegraph Avenue',... city='Berkeley',... state_province='CA',... country='U.S.A.',... website='http://www.apress.com/')>>> p.save()

!"

o = Model(...) o.save()

68

ORM- Atualização


!"#$%&

>>> ...

>>> p.id52>>> p.name = 'Apress Publishing'>>> p.save()

o.save()

!

!"#$%&

>>> Publisher.objects.all().update(country='USA')2

>>> ...

>>> p.id52>>> p.name = 'Apress Publishing'>>> p.save()

o.save()

queryset.update(...)

!

"

69

ORM- Deleção


!"#"$"

>>> ps = Publisher.objects.all()>>> ps.delete()

>>> ...

>>> p.id52>>> p.delete()

o.delete()

queryset.delete()

!

"

!"#"$"

>>> ps = Publisher.objects.all()>>> ps.delete()

>>> ...

>>> p.id52>>> p.delete()

o.delete()

queryset.delete()

!

"

70

Select 1 resultado


!"#"$%&'(&)&*(+,-./'0

>>> Publisher.objects.get(name="Apress")<Publisher: Apress>

.get(...)

>>> Publisher.objects.get(country="U.S.A.")Traceback (most recent call last): ...MultipleObjectsReturned: get() returned more than one Publisher -- it returned 2! Lookup parameters were {'country': 'U.S.A.'}

>>> Publisher.objects.get(name="Anaya")Traceback (most recent call last): ...DoesNotExist: Publisher matching query does not exist.

!"#"$%&'(&)&*(+,-./'0


.get(...)



!"#"$%&'(&)&*(+,-./'0


.get(...)



71

Select n resultados


!"#"$%&'(&)&*(+,-./'0+

>>> Publisher.objects.all()[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: O'Reilly>]

.all()

>>> Publisher.objects.filter( country="U.S.A.", state_province="CA")[<Publisher: Apress>]

.filter(...)

!"#"$%&'(&)&*(+,-./'0+


.all()


.filter(...)

!"#"$%&'(&)&*(+,-./'0+


.all()


.filter(...)

RETORNAM QUERYSETS e não LISTAS!

72

Manipulação de consultas


!"#$%&'()#"*$%'+'",-)./"$%

Modelo.objects.filter(campo1="valor1", campo2="valor2")

!"#$%&'()*+'"#$%,*-*.$/.-/0&'$),01"$)(#$2,*$/3,&4-&-$567

campo__exact=''

campo__iexact=''

campo__contains=''

campo__icontains=''

campo__isnull=T|F

campo__day=31

campo__gt=0

campo__gte=0

campo__lt=0

campo__lte=0

campo__in=[ ,]

campo__month=12

campo__startswith=''

campo__istartswith=''

campo__endswith=''

campo__iendswith=''

campo__range=( ,)

campo__year=2010

!"#$%&'()#"*$%'+'",-)./"$%

Modelo.objects.filter(campo1="valor1", campo2="valor2")

!"#$%&'()*+'"#$%,*-*.$/.-/0&'$),01"$)(#$2,*$/3,&4-&-$567

campo__exact=''

campo__iexact=''

campo__contains=''

campo__icontains=''

campo__isnull=T|F

campo__day=31

campo__gt=0

campo__gte=0

campo__lt=0

campo__lte=0

campo__in=[ ,]

campo__month=12

campo__startswith=''

campo__istartswith=''

campo__endswith=''

campo__iendswith=''

campo__range=( ,)

campo__year=2010

73

Order By


!"#$"%&'

>>> Publisher.objects.order_by("name")[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: O'Reilly>]

.order_by(...)

>>> Publisher.objects.order_by("-name")[<Publisher: O'Reilly>, <Publisher: Apress>]

>>> Publisher.objects.order_by("-name", "country")[<Publisher: O'Reilly>, <Publisher: Apress>]

!"#$%#&'()*+%,'-

!"#$"%&'

>>> Publisher.objects.order_by("name")[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: O'Reilly>]

.order_by(...)

>>> Publisher.objects.order_by("-name")[<Publisher: O'Reilly>, <Publisher: Apress>]

>>> Publisher.objects.order_by("-name", "country")[<Publisher: O'Reilly>, <Publisher: Apress>]

!"#$%#&'()*+%,'-

74

Relacionamentos One-to-One


!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

OneToOneField

class Coche(models.Model): motor = OneToOneField(Motor)

class Motor(models.Model): ...

>>> c.motor<Motor: Motor object>

>>> m.coche<Coche: Coche object>

!"#$%&'()$%(&*)&+,*)-.#/&0,(0,&*)(&./(1)/-.)(2

3+)-.)(&)&/%(%1+%( 3+)-.)(&)&-*$./0

4

4

1

1

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

OneToOneField





!"#$%&'()$%(&*)&+,*)-.#/&0,(0,&*)(&./(1)/-.)(2

3+)-.)(&)&/%(%1+%( 3+)-.)(&)&-*$./0

4

4

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

OneToOneField





!"#$%&'()$%(&*)&+,*)-.#/&0,(0,&*)(&./(1)/-.)(2

3+)-.)(&)&/%(%1+%( 3+)-.)(&)&-*$./0

4

4

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

OneToOneField





!"#$%&'()$%(&*)&+,*)-.#/&0,(0,&*)(&./(1)/-.)(2

3+)-.)(&)&/%(%1+%( 3+)-.)(&)&-*$./0

4

4

75

Relacionamentos One-to-Many


1

n

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

ForeignKeyField

class Blog(models.Model): ...

class Post(models.Model): blog = ForeignKeyField(Blog)

>>> p.blog<Blog: Blog object>

>>> b.post_set.all()[<Post: Post object>, ...]

!"#$%&'()$%(&*)&+,*)-.#/&0,(0,&*)(&./(1)/-.)(2

3+)-.)(&)&/%(%1+%( 3+)-.)(&)&-*$./0

4

/

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

ForeignKeyField





!"#$%&'()$%(&*)&+,*)-.#/&0,(0,&*)(&./(1)/-.)(2

3+)-.)(&)&/%(%1+%( 3+)-.)(&)&-*$./0

4

/

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

ForeignKeyField





!"#$%&'()$%(&*)&+,*)-.#/&0,(0,&*)(&./(1)/-.)(2

3+)-.)(&)&/%(%1+%( 3+)-.)(&)&-*$./0

4

/

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

ForeignKeyField





!"#$%&'()$%(&*)&+,*)-.#/&0,(0,&*)(&./(1)/-.)(2

3+)-.)(&)&/%(%1+%( 3+)-.)(&)&-*$./0

4

/

76

Relacionamentos Many-to-Many


m

n

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

ManyToManyField

class Post(models.Model): tags = ManyToManyField(Tag)

class Tag(models.Model): ...

>>> p.tags.add(t1, t2)>>> p.tags.all()[<Tag: Tag object>, ...]

>>> t.post_set.add(p1, p2)>>> t.post_set.all()[<Post: Post object>, ...]

!"#$%&'()$%(&*)&+,*)-.#/&0,(0,&*)(&./(1)/-.)(2

3+)-.)(&)&/%(%1+%( 3+)-.)(&)&-*$./0

/

$

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

ManyToManyField





!"#$%&'()$%(&*)&+,*)-.#/&0,(0,&*)(&./(1)/-.)(2

3+)-.)(&)&/%(%1+%( 3+)-.)(&)&-*$./0

/

$

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

ManyToManyField





!"#$%&'()$%(&*)&+,*)-.#/&0,(0,&*)(&./(1)/-.)(2

3+)-.)(&)&/%(%1+%( 3+)-.)(&)&-*$./0

/

$

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

ManyToManyField





!"#$%&'()$%(&*)&+,*)-.#/&0,(0,&*)(&./(1)/-.)(2

3+)-.)(&)&/%(%1+%( 3+)-.)(&)&-*$./0

/

$

77

Ponteiros inversos


1

n

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

!"#$%&'(#)**'(#+%&),%(#-"./0)-$-#)*#+-"$).%#/"0).(%


class Post(models.Model): blog = ForeignKeyField(Blog, related_name='posts')


>>> b.posts.all()[<Post: Post object>, ...]

!"#$%#&'#'()&)*")& !"#$%#&'#'1*$.2/

+

(

1-'"&%#2'3'#3'-"#$+4/.",'".%-"'3'0/&"#/,4#().5#/)#42$%/-4/

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

!"#$%&'(#)**'(#+%&),%(#-"./0)-$-#)*#+-"$).%#/"0).(%





!"#$%#&'#'()&)*")& !"#$%#&'#'1*$.2/

+

(

1-'"&%#2'3'#3'-"#$+4/.",'".%-"'3'0/&"#/,4#().5#/)#42$%/-4/

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

!"#$%&'(#)**'(#+%&),%(#-"./0)-$-#)*#+-"$).%#/"0).(%





!"#$%#&'#'()&)*")& !"#$%#&'#'1*$.2/

+

(

1-'"&%#2'3'#3'-"#$+4/.",'".%-"'3'0/&"#/,4#().5#/)#42$%/-4/

!"#$%"&'()*"+%,

!"#$%&'(#)**'(#+%&),%(#-"./0)-$-#)*#+-"$).%#/"0).(%





!"#$%#&'#'()&)*")& !"#$%#&'#'1*$.2/

+

(

1-'"&%#2'3'#3'-"#$+4/.",'".%-"'3'0/&"#/,4#().5#/)#42$%/-4/78

Laziness


Otimização!! Consulta só realizada quando necessário!

!"#$%&''

! "#$%&'($)*+#$%'()*%$,%,-,&)+#./(%&)#(0'%.,#*1,(+,%$,%

(,&,$2+,%'3+,(,.%*'$%'3-,+'$4%5(%*#$%$26)2,(+,$%$2+)#&2'(,$7

! 8+,.#&2'(,$

! 9*2&2(6

! 9,.2#*2:#&2;(

• repr()

• len() !!!

• list()

• bool()

for p in Publisher.objects.all():

Publisher.objects.filter(country='USA')[0]

<=#&>?@

[<Publisher: Publisher object>]

len(Publisher.objects.all())

list(Publisher.objects.all())

if Publisher.objects.filter(country='USA'):

!"#$%&''

! "#$%&'($)*+#$%'()*%$,%,-,&)+#./(%&)#(0'%.,#*1,(+,%$,%

(,&,$2+,%'3+,(,.%*'$%'3-,+'$4%5(%*#$%$26)2,(+,$%$2+)#&2'(,$7

! 8+,.#&2'(,$

! 9*2&2(6

! 9,.2#*2:#&2;(

• repr()

• len() !!!

• list()

• bool()

for p in Publisher.objects.all():

Publisher.objects.filter(country='USA')[0]

<=#&>?@

[<Publisher: Publisher object>]

len(Publisher.objects.all())

list(Publisher.objects.all())

if Publisher.objects.filter(country='USA'):

79

Exercício 04

Residência de Reuso - 2011.1 - Recife/PE!"#$%&!'()*(+&"(*',(-(+&#./)*(&0&$(1(*(80

Interface Administrativa


81

Interface Administrativa


82

djang.contrib.admin


Instalação 1/3

83

djang.contrib.admin


Instalação 2/3!"#$%&'#()*$+',$-.#/#0*1$

INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.sites', 'django.contrib.admin', ...)

!"#$%!&'(

1

84

djang.contrib.admin


Instalação 3/3

!"#$%&'(%)*+,&%,-.


Creating table django_admin_log

Installing index for admin.LogEntry model

!"#$%&'$()*&+*,*&-(*,

!"#$%&'(%)*+,&%,-.


Creating table django_admin_log

Installing index for admin.LogEntry model

!"#$%&'$()*&+*,*&-(*,

Acesse http://localhost:8000/admin

85

http://localhost:8000/admin

http://localhost:8000/admin

Opa! Falta registrar os modelos


Criar o módulo admin.py

!"#$%&'(

! "#$#%!''%$&'&%$&%(&)&*%&+%,-./0

! 1&2)&%3-4%5/$&+/,%,&*6)%78,8'+&,%$&,$&%&+%#$58)%.%

9&*58(&%9&*,/)#+8:#*%,-%#,9&;(/0

from django.contrib import admin

from website.models import Tweet

class TweetAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

list_display = ('id','user','message','timestamp')

admin.site.register(Tweet, TweetAdmin)

Cada app deve ter o seu, pode ser configurável!

86

Exercício 04

Residência de Reuso - 2011.1 - Recife/PE!"#$%&'#(")87

Forms


3 componentes

Widget

Componente Visual

FieldCampo Lógico

Form

!"#$%$&'()*"+,-#.#$

Widget !"#$"%&%'&()'$+#"(&)*+,-.&%'&(-(/012

TextInput

CheckboxInput

<input type='text'...>

<input type='checkbox'...>

Field /01',#(3&(*%(4-#$"5(-6"4+-3"(-(*%(7+38&'

EmailField

IPAddressFieldwidget, initial, error, ...

Form !*(2+(3*(3&(9+&.36(3&(*%(:";#*.-;+"

ContactForm [nombre, email, telefono, mensaje, ...]

!"#$%$&'()*"+,-#.#$

Widget !"#$"%&%'&()'$+#"(&)*+,-.&%'&(-(/012

TextInput

CheckboxInput



Field /01',#(3&(*%(4-#$"5(-6"4+-3"(-(*%(7+38&'

EmailField


Form !*(2+(3*(3&(9+&.36(3&(*%(:";#*.-;+"


!"#$%$&'()*"+,-#.#$

Widget !"#$"%&%'&()'$+#"(&)*+,-.&%'&(-(/012

TextInput

CheckboxInput



Field /01',#(3&(*%(4-#$"5(-6"4+-3"(-(*%(7+38&'

EmailField


Form !*(2+(3*(3&(9+&.36(3&(*%(:";#*.-;+"


Formulário em si

88

Criação de Formulário


Passo 1: Definição de um formulário forms.py

http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/forms/fields/

89





Passo 2: Definição do template do Formulário

contato.html

90



Passo 3: Definição da view do Formulário

91



Forms tem validação própria! Cool :D

!"#$%"&$'()*+,*$"

from django import forms

class ContactForm(forms.Form):

subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100)

email = forms.EmailField(required=False)

message = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)

def clean_message(self):

message = self.cleaned_data['message']

num_words = len(message.split())

if num_words < 4:

raise forms.ValidationError("Not enough words!")

return message

!"#$%"&'()"*)+%+)',+-.#+/.01'$23)+'+&"/.+#+'+'/+#+'4.$-#'

#$-'5")%6-+)."'$&/).7.$1#"'61'%83"#"'clean_<fieldname>9

92

Forms a partir de Models


Aqui é DRY meu caro!!!"#$%&'&('#)#&*+&,"*+-%

from django.db import models

class Author(models.Model):

name = models.CharField(max_length=100)

birth_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)

country = models.ModelChoiceField(Country)

...

from django import forms

from books.models import Author

class AuthorForm(forms.ModelForm):

class Meta:

model = Author

exclude = ('country',)

!"#$%&'()

."#$%/(0

93

Exercício 04


!"#$"%"&"'(")"

Alguns truques agora...

94

Django Avançado


1. Middleware

2. Caching

3. Deploying

4. Apps Recomendadas

95

Django Avançado


1. Middleware

2. Caching

3. Deploying


96

Middleware


Permite incrementar a funcionalidade injetando fluxo de execução em Django

!"##$%&'(%

!"#$%&'()*&$&#+'),)'$-./+)"/01)202$'&.31)40,1&$

5.&$#&$)/#&'*0$&/$&1$6.7"$2&$&7&+.+)8/$2&$970/:"

97

Middleware


!"##$%&'(%class MyMiddleware(object):

def process_request(self, request): """Se ejecuta antes de que Django decida a quâˆ!Â© View llamar. -> HttpRequest(): Se corta el flujo de middleware. -> None: El flujo sigue con el siguiente middleware.""" # ... def process_view(self, request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs): """Se ejecuta antes de que se llame a la View. -> HttpRequest(): Se corta el flujo de middleware. -> None: El flujo sigue con el siguiente middleware.""" # ...

def process_response(self, request, response): """Se ejecuta despuâˆ!Â©s de que la View devuelva una response. -> HttpResponse()""" # ...

def process_exception(self, request, exception): """Se ejecuta cuando una View lanza una excepciâˆ!â‰¥n. -> HttpResponse(). -> None: La excepciâˆ!â‰¥n se propaga hasta el cliente.""" # ...

98

Middleware


!"##$%&'(%

!"#"$%&'()"'*#+,)*-'#)"&.-%'$*//,"01-"'"#'",',)21-'

()"'#%&'+%#3"#214')%*"%*#+,%*,-.%*)',%$,+(#%*,#%,

%/%-.-"0*,%*,$',1%2.%3),4,%*,$',1%35+*3%5

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (

'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',

'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',

'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',

'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',

'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',

)

Registrar o middlewares no settings.py

99

Django Avançado


1. Middleware

2. Caching

3. Deploying


100

Caching


Sempre importante estar aliviando o banco de consultas...

!"!#$%&

from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page

@cache_page(60 * 15)def my_view(request): ...

'$()*

!"!#$%&

'()*'+,+'

>>> from django.core.cache import cache>>> cache.set('my_key', 'hello, world!', 30)>>> cache.get('my_key')'hello, world!'

!"#$%&#'()*)+%*,()-*./-0%,(12#($%(#34%5#(/-%('%(2-%$*('%,0*.06*,7

!(8-%,9:%5'

!(;0'5*'

!(777

101

Django Avançado


1. Middleware

2. Caching

3. Deploying


102

Deploying


Por o sistema em produção

VirtualEnv + PIP + Fabric

103

Virtualenv


Projeto independente do sistema

Ou seja cada projeto com suas dependências específicas

!"#$%&'()*

!"#$%&%#$%#'()*'+,&-%.)*$%*-)/*-(01%12)/*$%-*/(.%,)3

!4)$)*&1+5%'.+*6%#%*/7*87%9+*$%*-(01%12)/*%#*-)*:%1/(;#*<7%*#%'%/(.)

!=(#*,(%$+*)*)'.7)-(>)1

!=(#*,(%$+*)*,(91)1

!%.'333

$ virtualenv --no-site-packages mi_entorno

+#(&#

Adeus dor de cabeça de migrar, atualizar, etc.

!"#$%&'()*

!"#$%&%#$%#'()*'+,&-%.)*$%*-)/*-(01%12)/*$%-*/(.%,)3

!4)$)*&1+5%'.+*6%#%*/7*87%9+*$%*-(01%12)/*%#*-)*:%1/(;#*<7%*#%'%/(.)

!=(#*,(%$+*)*)'.7)-(>)1

!=(#*,(%$+*)*,(91)1

!%.'333

$ virtualenv --no-site-packages mi_entorno

+#(&#

$ source mi_entorno/bin/activate

&+,*&#

104

Pip


Gerenciador de Pacotes

Você pode criar uma lista de requisitos (requirements) para instalação automática! :D

!"!

!"#$%&'()#(*+,-#%#$()#.($/0.&(12(34!5#'6/%#(#$*#7/87+'(-9(87:#'&()#(;<=>?;<@<ABC(7&9(-9(./$%+)&()#(

*+,-#%#$(+(/9$%+.+'D

4E+90&FF2D1D2

*$G7&*01

H##)*+'$#'FFID2

$%'/*&0'+6FF2DJ

"K:+'%L'+**#'FFMDN

pip install -E mi_entorno -r REQUIREMENTS

!"!

!"#$%&'()#(*+,-#%#$()#.($/0.&(12(34!5#'6/%#(#$*#7/87+'(-9(87:#'&()#(;<=>?;<@<ABC(7&9(-9(./$%+)&()#(

*+,-#%#$(+(/9$%+.+'D

4E+90&FF2D1D2

*$G7&*01

H##)*+'$#'FFID2

$%'/*&0'+6FF2DJ

"K:+'%L'+**#'FFMDN

pip install -E mi_entorno -r REQUIREMENTS

105

Fabric


“Repetition leads to boredom, boredom to horrifying mistakes, horrifying mistakes to God-I-wish-I-was-still-bored”

!"#$%&

env.user = "example"env.hosts = ["example.com"]def deploy(): run('svn up /home/example/') sudo('/etc/init.d/lighttpd restart')

'"#()*+,-

Repetition leads to boredom, boredom to horrifying mistakes, horrifying mistakes to God-I-wish-I-was-still-bored“

!"#$%&

env.user = "example"env.hosts = ["example.com"]def deploy(): run('svn up /home/example/') sudo('/etc/init.d/lighttpd restart')

'"#()*+,-

fabric deploy

./0

Repetition leads to boredom, boredom to horrifying mistakes, horrifying mistakes to God-I-wish-I-was-still-bored“

106

Django Avançado


1. Middleware

2. Caching

3. Deploying


107

django-registration


Sistema completo de cadastro de usuários

DRY!!

Instalação Copy and Paste

!"#$%&'()%*+,(#-&$

!"#$%%&'(&)*+,(-./0%)&,/1.2(/)3%45610.7/,0'2(/68.1%

%6*896(,%*.3#:,(,%

%6*896(,%;6*8968.1<+,=>%

%?/,0'2(,/%

%?/,0'2(,/%*.3#:,(,%

%?/,0'2(,/%*:.2,4%

%?:.0'1%

%?:.0.)(%

%?#622@./4%*!610,%

%?#622@./4%*!610,%4.1,%

%?#622@./4%/,2,(%

%?#622@./4%/,2,(%*.1A/3%;(.+,1>

%?#622@./4%/,2,(%*.3#:,(,%

%?#622@./4%/,2,(%4.1,%

%?/,6*896(,%

108

django-socialregistration


O django-registration só que anabolizado!

Autenticação com Twitter, Facebook, oAuth, openID

Integração perfeita com django.contrib.auth

!"#$%&'(&)*#+,-%*(.,#/&$

!"#$%%&'(!)*+,-.%/01!'2&#).#3'2%4502&-61-,'0789&'1(80:-2

;<-2=&)80,'>2?192,'770

;@)(92:,0,'>2?,-2$

;(A'"98B?C0,9*--3B?-0)(!B?-#92'4

;D2(9&80,'>2?#98C9,(0?,-2?,-2(8'*+0)(!

109

django-piston


Framework Django para construção de serviços RESTful

Fácil de instalar

!"#$%&'()*+&$

!"#$%%&'(&)*+,(-./0%1,2#,/3%41530.6#'2(.3%7'+'%8.9,

:;</59,7./+;#5/5;*/,5/;=>?2;@ABCD)E

:;F)G;DH*'E;'32(5E5*'I3

:;B,/'5E'J5*'I3;5$

:KBLMN;O=FPN;>G(!.3;>G*+E,N;QFP;---

:L=)(!

:@,*.9,3454.;RRRRR

Suporte para YAML, JSON, XML, etc.

OAuth

!"#$%&'()*+&$

!"#$%%&'(&)*+,(-./0%1,2#,/3%41530.6#'2(.3%7'+'%8.9,

:;</59,7./+;#5/5;*/,5/;=>?2;@ABCD)E

:;F)G;DH*'E;'32(5E5*'I3

:;B,/'5E'J5*'I3;5$

:KBLMN;O=FPN;>G(!.3;>G*+E,N;QFP;---

:L=)(!

:@,*.9,3454.;RRRRR

110


!"#$%&'"#()*#+,)-)./

Apenas uma ponta do iceberg

111

Lembre-se da comunidade!


http://python.org.br

http://djangobrasil.org

http://pug-pe.python.org.br

#django-br

#python-br

112





http://pug.pe

http://pug.pe

http://pug.pe

http://pug.pe

http://pug.pe

http://pug.pe

Trabalho da Semana


Trabalho para 5 pessoas

Criar um sistema em Django com o assunto visto até aqui

O sistema deve ter no mínimo 10 entidadesO sistema deve ter controle de acesso

(ver django-registration)

Modelagem vocês decidemApresentar pontos positivos e negativos durante o uso da

tecnologia

113

Referências e Créditos


Desenvolvimento web com Python e Django

http://www.slideshare.net/igorsobreira/desenvolvimento-web-com-python-e-django

Django: Disfruta Programando

http://www.slideshare.net/etox/django-eghost-2010

Tutoriais DjangoBrasil

http://docs.djangobrasil.org/intro/tutorial01.html

114







Bibliografia


The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right. Adrian Holovaty, Jacob K. Ed. Appress ISBN-13: 978-1430219361

Pro Django (1st ed.) Marty Alchin. 2008. . Apress, Berkely, CA, USA. ISBN - 1430210478

Python e Django - Desenvolvimento Ágil de Aplicações Web - Osvaldo Santana Neto e Thiago Galesi; Editora Novatec ISBN. 9788575222478.

115

Apresentando

Marcel P. [email protected]

Residência RISE - 2011

116

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Exercício 01


Vamos construir um mini-sistema de submissão de palestras do nosso seminário

1. Criar um projeto seminario

2. Criar uma app trabalhos

3. Criar uma view index redirecionando para uma página html de boas vindas usando

templates.

117

Exercício 05


Vamos criar a nossa interface administrativa para o nossos modelos recém-criados

118

Exercício 04


Vamos criar os modelos para Trabalho e Palestrante

Trabalho

usuario: Usertitulo: Stringdescricao: Stringslides: Filestatus: Integer

namePalestrante

*1. *

119

Exercício 02


Vamos criar 2 novos templates

1.trabalhos.html

2. detalhes.html

120

Exercício 06


Vamos construir um formulário simples de submissão de palestras!

121

introdução ao django

Technology