GLOSSÁRIO

ÁREA : SIDERURGIA

SUB-ÁREA : LAMINAÇÃO

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Letras / CCE

Curso de Formação de Tradutores Inglês-Português (2 005) Disciplina: Terminologia

Professora: Adriana Ceschin Rieche

Alunos: ALESSANDRA GOULART JOSÉ PEDRO ALVIM

LILIA CRISSIUMA PALHARES

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Termo L1 Definição L1 Contexto Termo L2 Contexto Observações

1 AGC (acr.) Automatic Gauge Control - This system makes use of large hydraulic cylinders to apply corrective force to the back-up rolls in order to maintain an even gauge on the strip steel being rolled. AD S1

“The horizontal stand is equipped with a screw down system (electrical gap control); back-up roll balancing system; work roll bending system; hydraulic gap control with AGC (automatic gauge control); THC (thickness control); and DPC (dynamic profile control) function.” S2

controle automático de espessura (SN)

“Dessas causas, a primeira e a terceira são as mais fáceis de serem controladas pelo Controle Automático de Espessura (AGC), por ocorrem uma única vez ou de forma relativamente lenta durante o processamento.” S3

Em português, a forma por extenso é mais comum, sendo o acrônimo menos usado.

2 alloy steel (np) An iron-based mixture is considered to be an alloy steel when manganese is greater than 1.65%, silicon over 0.5%, copper above 0.6%, or other minimum quantities of alloying elements such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, or tungsten are present. S4

“Typically, alloy steels are designated by distinct AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) four-digit numbers. The first two digits indicate the leading alloying elements, while the last two digits give the nominal carbon content of the alloy in hundredths of a percent.” S5

aço-liga (s.m.) “Aço-liga : considera-se um aço-liga quando a porcentagem máxima dos elementos de liga que contém excede um ou mais dos limites seguintes: manganês: 1,54%; sílica: 0,6%; cobre: 0,6%.” S6

3 back-up roll (np)

It is usually a set of two rolls, one on top and one on bottom of the two work

“Past approaches to improvements in back-up roll design have been based

cilindro de encosto (SN)

“Nos laminadores quádruos de produtos planos é necessário retificar

Em L1 usa-se o acrônimo

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

rolls, which apply pressure and reduce the flexing of the work rolls.

ADS7

primarily on a combination of experience, the available empirical data and trial and error.” S8

periodicamente a superfície de seus cilindros de encosto para se eliminar a camada subsuperficial encruada, que foi gerada pela sua co-rotação com os cilindros de trabalho.” S9

BUR

4 bar (n.) Semi-finished square section with round or rounded corners produced by hot rolling or continuous casting. S10

“This comprehensive guide is useful when designing, specifying, purchasing and manufacturing these versatile products. It describes in detail various grades, properties and qualities of billet and bar steel products.” S11

barra (s.f.) “A Metalinox fornece barras de aço inoxidável nas dimensões e características que atendam às necessidades específicas de cada cliente.”

S12

Sinônimo em L1: billet (n.)

5 blank (n.) A section of sheet steel that has the outer dimensions of a specific part but has not yet been stamped by the end user. S13

“Smorgon Sheet Metal supplies have one of the most advanced Multi-blanking lines in Australia which can process from 0.40mm to 8.00mm in thickness and which impresses with the ability to cut multiple blanks with a high degree of flatness and accuracy.” S14

blank (s.m.) “Os blanks oferecem grande vantagem ao cliente por serem peças que são utilizadas diretamente em processamento na linha de produção, em seu tamanho original, gerando economia de tempo e custos, eliminando processos intermediários.” S15

Em L2 usa-se o termo de L1

6 burr (n.) The very subtle ridge on the edge of strip steel left

“After completing the welding step, the traveling burr -

rebarba (s.f.) “O excesso de rebarba dificulta o processo de

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

by cutting operations such as slitting, trimming, shearing, or blanking. For example, as a steel processor trims the sides of the sheet steel parallel or cuts a sheet of steel into strips, its edges will bend with the direction of the cut. S16

removing machine 25 conducts burr-removal while moving. FIG. 2 shows a burr-removal cycle of 12 sec. including 6 sec. for burr-removal and 6 sec. for returning.” S17

soldagem e a montagem dos rotores e transformadores elétricos , prejudicando a eficiência de operação destes elementos, além de aumentar o perigo de acidentes de trabalho, já que as rebarbas são verdadeiras navalhas.” S18

7 coil (n.) Steel that has been wound. Coils are the most efficient way to store and transport sheet steel. S19

“The innovative construction allows both ends of the coil to remain stationary after shearing, ensuring an accurate fit-up for proper welding. The design requires less space in line than traditional coil joiners and can be positioned close to the straightener, flattener, mill or other machinery. “ S20

bobina (s.f.) “Laminação a quente – a placa é reaquecida e depois de ser processada nos dois laminadores esboçadores vai para o laminador de tiras a quente onde é transformada em uma tira comprida e enrolada em bobina .” S21

8 coil car (np) Unit that the coil sits on. Used to move a coil to the entry or from the delivery side of the mill. S22

“Other applications include coil cars , side guide positioning, down coilers, and continuous casting position control.” S23

carro de bobinas (SN)

“8462.39.10 ‘Ex’002 - Unidade integrada para corte transversal de aço, composto por: tesoura oscilante de corte rotativo e aparamento de borda; carro de bobina para retorno; carro de bobina ; carro de

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

entrada; desbobinador;... e empilhador com elevador.” S24

9 cold rolling (np)

Term applied to the operation of passing unheated metal through rolls for the purpose of reducing its gauge. S22

“The JB and S Lees production facility at West Bromwich, Birmingham houses various types of annealing furnaces and a number of cold rolling mills - two of them high-performance mills that are used for the main rolling production.”

S25

laminação a frio (SN)

“A unidade de laminação a frio e galvanização nasceu da vontade estratégica do grupo Usinor (agora Arcelor) de desenvolver no Brasil um segundo polo de produção e de exportação de aço.” S26

10 continuous casting (np)

A process that continuously casts molten steel into a semi-finished product such as slab. S22

“The modern steel industry uses continuous casting , which is more efficient.” S27

lingotamento contínuo (SN)

“Na saída do lingotamento contínuo , após lingotadas as placas, também são retiradas amostras das mesmas para avaliação de sua qualidade interna, através da investigação da existência de trincas.” S28

11 crown (n.) The difference in thickness between the edge and center of the strip

“For example, a strip crown (strip thickness distribution in the width direction) can be changed by adjusting the amount of axial displacement

coroa (s.f.) “Essa preocupação se deve ao fato do laminador também se deformar durante o processo de laminação o que leva a uma

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

S29

of the intermediate rolls.” S30

situação como mostrada na figura 1, que resulta numa forma abaulada da seção reta transversal da tira, abaulamento esse chamado de COROA (CROWN).” S31

12 DDS (acr.) Deep Drawing Steel: Sheet of this designation should be used when Drawing Steel will not provide a sufficient degree of ductility for fabrication of parts having stringent drawing requirements. S32

“The usual metallurgical approach is to provide DDS as a low carbon/low manganese steel chemistry combined with low amounts of residual elements.” S33

aço para estampagem profunda (SN)

“Produzimos peças estampadas em aço estrutural (como o NBR 6655 LN 28, NBR 6656 LNE 38 LNE 50), aço para estampagem profunda e média (NBR 5906 EM, EP e EEP) e aços diversos (SAE 1010 e 1020, NBR 6650 CF 21, SAC 50, ASTM A 36, entre outros).” S34

Significado do acrônimo em L1: deep drawing steel (np)

13 deflector roll

(np)

A roll used to change the direction of the strip. S35

“Typically, a deflector roll transfers the strip across an exit deflector table at a predetermined speed.” S36

rolo defletor (SN)

“O laminador tem também um medidor de planicidade localizado entre a cadeira quatro e o rolo defletor da enroladeira.” S37

14 electrostatic oiler (np)

A device used to apply a thin coating of oil to the strip. S38

“We offer a comprehensive line of standard and customized electrostatic oilers designed for your rigid production requirements.”

oleadeira eletrostática (SN)

“Autoriza o Estado do Rio de Janeiro a conceder isenção do ICMS … ANEXO ÚNICO ...

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

S39 Oleadeira eletrostática contínua controlada por ... imersão a quente.” S40

15 finished steel (np)

Steel that is ready for the market without further work or treatment. S41

“June 2001 imports of finished steel products were down 28 percent compared to June 2000 while semi-finished steel imports were down 25 percent.” S42

aço acabado (SN)

“China: As importações de aço acabado caíram para apenas 460.000 t no mês de agosto (representando um novo mínimo em 20 meses).” S43

16 finishing stand (np)

The last stand in a rolling mill, which determines the surface finish and final gauge. S44

“The cross sectional shape of a work product exiting from a finishing stand of a multi stand steel mill is dependent upon the accuracy of the profile existing in the rollers of the mill stand.” S45

trem de acabamento

“Seguidamente as placas são laminadas com o núcleo ainda líquido até 67 mm de espessura, depois laminadas a quente até 20 mm, reaquecidas por indução e laminadas num trem de acabamento até 1,2 mm de espessura, com largura máxima de 1.350 mm." S46

Também conhecido como trem acabador (SN.)

17 fish tail (np) The condition on the tail end of the strip from the Hot Strip Mill. S41

“If, during an edging pass, for example, the edger rolls operate with a constant screw-down u (Figure 9), the strip ends show a significant under-width s as compared to the middle parts, the strip

rabo de peixe (SN.)

“Depois esta é encaminhada para a tesoura volante, onde será eliminado o rabo de peixe, que é um empenamento que ocorre na extremidade da placa e após ela passa

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ends after edging resemble a ‘fish -tail’ .” S47

para o quebrador de carepas secundários.” S48

18 gauge (n.) The thickness of sheet steel. Better-quality steel has a consistent gauge to prevent weak spots or deformation. S49

“Using hydraulic roll force systems, steelmakers have the ability to control precisely their steel sheet’s gauge (thickness) while it is traveling at more than 50 miles per hour through the cold mill.” S44

bitola (s.f.) “ Estrutura totalmente soldada sendo quadro frontal e traseiro, teto e base em chapa de aço bitola 18.” S50

19 guide (n.) Device for holding the metal in the proper position, during rolling, or slitting. S49

“Other applications include coil cars, side guide positioning, down coilers, and continuous casting position control.” S51

guia (s.f.) “8462.39.10 ‘Ex’002 - Unidade integrada para ... guia lateral; rolo de medição; correia de rejeição; carro de rejeição; lavadora e filtro de óleo removíveis;” S52

20 high strength low alloy (np)

A specific group of steel in which higher strength, and in some cases additional resistance to atmospheric corrosion or improved formability, are obtained by moderate amounts of one or more alloying elements such as columbium, vanadium, titanium, used alone or in combination.

“High -strength low -alloy (HSLA) steels, or microalloyed steels, are designed to provide better mechanical properties and/or greater resistance to atmospheric corrosion than conventional carbon steels in the normal sense because they are designed to meet specific mechanical properties rather than a

aço microligado (SN)

“O controle de qualidade foi também estendido aos aços microligados (HSLA) e resultou também em economias de elementos de liga (da ordem de EUR 170.000/ano).” S54

O acrônimo utilizado tanto em L1 como em L2 é HSLA

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

S44 chemical composition.” S53

21 hot rolling (np) A steel production process in which steel is heated, pressed and shaped into the required form. S55

“The process of hot rolling takes a 9 “ slab and rolls it into a 3500 feet coil of hot rolled sheet steel.” S56

laminação a quente (SN.)

“Já a superfície dos cilindros de encosto é relativamente preservada durante o processo de laminação a quente, uma vez que ela somente entra em contato com o cilindro de trabalho, que se encontra relativamente frio.” S57

22 hot strip mill (np)

A mill that rolls reheated slabs into a coil of specified thickness; the whole processing is done at a relatively high temperature (when the steel is still "red") S58

“A major upgrade of the hot strip mill was recently concluded, with the project increasing computerization and upgrading the electrical system.” S59

laminador de tiras a quente (SN.)

“Laminação a quente – a placa é reaquecida e depois de ser processada nos dois laminadores esboçadores vai para o laminador de tiras a quente onde é transformada em uma tira comprida e enrolada em bobina.” S21

HSM é o acrônimo utilizado L1 e LTQ em L2.

23 hot-dip (np) In steel mill practice, a process whereby ferrous alloy base metals are dipped into molten metal, usually zinc, tin or tern, for the purpose of fixing a rust resistant coating. S32

“The American Galvanizers Association (AGA) is a non-profit trade association dedicated to serving the needs of after-fabrication galvanizers, fabricators, architects, specifiers, and engineers, providing technical

imersão a quente (SN.)

“A zincagem por imersão a quente , também conhecido como galvanização a fogo é o processo mais eficiente para a proteção do aço ou ferro fundido contra a corrosão.” S61

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

support on today's innovative applications and state-of-the-art technological developments in hot -dip galvanizing for corrosion control.” S60

24 interstitial free steel (np)

A recently developed sheet steel product with very low carbon levels that is used primarily in automotive deep-drawing applications. S32

“However, high strength sheet with excellent formability has been developed based on interstitial free (IF) steel and this material is experiencing a steadily increasing demand.” S62

aço IF (sn.) “Exportar mais aço IF para os Estados Unidos significa, na prática, ser bem mais ágil do que os concorrentes, segundo explicou o diretor-comercial da Cosipa, Renato Vallerini Júnior.” S63

Em L1 usa-se IF steel; em L2, usa-se aço IF

25 long products (np)

Classification of steel products that includes bar, rod and structural products, that are "long", rather than "flat". S64

“As the only dedicated supplier of semi-finished stainless steel long products , Degerfors Stainless offers the flexibility required to provide a much enhanced level of service.” S65

produtos não-planos (SN.)

“Os produtos não-planos em geral são produzidos pelas siderúrgicas de menor porte, as miniusinas, em forma de barras, perfis ou fio máquina.” S66

26 OD (acr.)

Outside diameter (of coil). S67

“The outside diameter of the coil is read below. If the arbor size and outside diameter are known, the pounds per inch of coil width is shown in the left.”

diâmetro externo (SN.)

“Fabricação: As bobinas de aço fornecidas pelas Usinas de todo o país são processadas pelo sistema de Corte Longitudinal (Slitters)......

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

S68 Dimensões: As bobinas podem ter ... larguras de 1000, 1200 ou 1500 mm. O diâmetro interno da bobina é de 500 mm. O diâmetro externo máximo é de 1500 mm.” S69

27 pass line (np) Measurement used to level all rolls. 2) The travel direction through which a strip is processed. When out of alignment, it requires adjusting so that the coil can be properly processed. S70

“It is therefore necessary to control upward and downward fluctuations of the strip pass-line within ±0.1 mm, and limit the gap between the detecting head and the strip surface within 0.5 mm.” S71

linha de passe (SN.)

“Eliminação das dificuldades de manter linha de passe de processo. (Acerto do rolete de escora que estava fora 10mm abaixo desde a inauguração do laminador - 1979).” S72

28 payoff reel (np) Reel on which the coil to be processed is loaded. This reel is sometimes referred to as the entry end reel. S73

“To prevent tension scratching at the uncoiler (or payoff reel ), processors must uncoil with about the same amount of tension that was used originally to wind the coil.” S74

desbobinadeira (s.f.)

“... é necessária a realização de controles por meio de alinhadores de tiras nos seguintes pontos do processo: • na desbobinadeira , para que a tira esteja alinhada ao entrar na linha de processo, mesmo que ela seja proveniente de ...” S75

Em (L1) o termo é ainda conhecido por uncoiler (n);

Em (L2) admite-se também os termos desenroladeira (sf) e

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

desbobinador (sm).

29 pickling (n) Removal of oxide films from metals by immersion in hot acid. The process is applied particularly to scale removal from metal prior to such operations as cold rolling, wire drawing and electroplating and in general is carried out in dilute solutions of the mineral acids often with additions of organic material (inhibitors) to restrain the rate of attack on the metal. S76

“Scale must be removed from the strip surface prior to cold rolling. This is achieved through mechanical (scale breaking) and chemical (pickling ) processes.” S77

decapagem (sf) “Antes do aço sofrer trefilação a frio, para melhoria de suas propriedades, esta película, denominada carepa de laminação, deve ser removida por processos físicos, do tipo decalaminação, ou químicos, do tipo decapagem com ácidos.” S78

30 pinch roll (np) 1) Roll used to jog the strip forward and backward, and to hold the strip stationary. 2) Motor-driven rolls used to assist in threading coils. S79

“The fully hydraulic pinch roll , located upstream of the coiler mandrel, is equipped with high-speed position and pressure control.” S80

rolo puxador (SN)

“8462.39.10 ‘Ex’002 - Unidade integrada para corte transversal de aço, composto por: ... duplo rolo puxador ; mesa guia de entrada; guia lateral; rolo de medição; correia de rejeição; carro de rejeição; lavadora e filtro de óleo removíveis;” S81

31 plate (n.) Sheet steel with a width of more than 8 inches, with a

“U.S. Steel will continue to provide customers with hot

chapa (s.f.) “Outros produtos de menor valor unitário, como chapas

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

thickness ranging from one quarter of an inch to more than one foot (see sheet steel) S64

strip mill plate produced at Gary Works in Gary, Ind. and sold through the company’s Midwest Sales office.” S82

laminadas a frio e revestidos, também apresentaram incrementos superiores à média. Já no caso de laminados planos a quente, o volume sempre relativamente pequeno das importações atesta a competitividade do aço brasileiro nesta faixa de mercado.” S83

32 reversing mill (np)

The stand of rolls used to reduce steel sheet or plate by passing the steel back and forth between the rolls; the gap between the rolls is reduced after each pass. S84

“Steel Warehouse Company has awarded Industrial Automation Services (IAS) an order to design, supply and commission a replacement hydraulic gap control and automatic gauge control system for a Single Stand Reversing Mill .” S85

laminador reversível (SN)

“Antecipando em seis semanas as previsões iniciais, a planta paranaense produziu no último dia 4 de dezembro as primeiras bobinas na Linha de Decapagem e no Laminador Reversível a Frio, que uma vez em operação, marcam a última etapa de implantação do contrato firmado há três anos entre a CSN e o consórcio constituído pela Siemens, SMS Demag, Pro Eco e Ross Enginnering, entre outras empresas.” S86

33 roll grind (np) The uniform ground finish “Roll Grinding Reports are retificação de “O algoritmo aqui usado

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

on the work rolls which is imparted to the sheet or plate. S87

produced by the RMS Reporting Module. These include: currently ground rolls; grinding history for a specific roll; roll grinding history for an operator; roll grinding history for a grinding machine; all grinds between user specified dates ...” S88

cilindro (SN) para a determinação da profundidade ideal para retificação de cilindros de encosto foi proposto por Nambu (Nambu, 1986), incluindo-se a contribuição de vários outros autores (Nakagawa, 1975, Nakagawa, 1976, Nakagawa, 1982).” S89

34 rolling mill (np) Equipment used for rolling down metal to a smaller size or to a given shape employing sets of rolls tie contours of which determine or fashion the product into numerous intermediate and final shapes, e.g., blooms, slabs, rails, bars, rod, sections, plates, sheets and strip. S90

“The diagram below shows the layout of a rolling mill , with thick steel going in one side, and thin steel coming out the other.” S91

laminador (s.m.) “No caso de falha da unidade de processamento responsável pela execução do sistema de geração de referências, a operação do laminador fica comprometida e necessita-se de um modo de operação emergencial.” S92

35 roughing stand (np)

The first rolling stand through which metal passes during hot rolling. Once reduced by the roughing stands, the metal continues on to the finishing stands where

“The roughing stand is the first part of the rolling mill. The large semi-finished product is often passed backwards and forwards through it several times. Each pass gradually changes the

trem desbastador (SN)

“Os tarugos entram no trem desbastador onde são pressionados, sucessivamente, entre cilindros, sofrendo redução em sua seção, com o conseqüente aumento de

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

smoother rolls with a smaller gap are used to complete the hot roll process. S93

shape and dimension of the steel closer to that of the required finished product.” S94

comprimento.” S95

36 scale (n.) Layers of iron oxide formed on the surface of hot steel when oxygen from the atmosphere combines with iron from the steel. S96

“Scale must be removed from the strip surface prior to cold rolling. This is achieved through mechanical (scale breaking) and chemical (pickling) processes.” S97

carepa (s.f.) “Antes do aço sofrer trefilação a frio, para melhoria de suas propriedades, esta película, denominada carepa de laminação, deve ser removida por processos físicos, do tipo decalaminação, ou químicos, do tipo decapagem com ácidos.” S98

37 scarfing (n) Cutting the surface of slabs, ordinarily by using a gas torch, to remove surface defects prior to rolling at the Hot Mill. S99

“L-TEC’s cold scarfing machines are remotely controlled machines ... Two types are available: ‘overhead’ machines for scarfing the top and one edge of a slab in one pass and "pass- through" machines for scarfing the four sides of slabs in a single pass.” S100

escarfagem (s.f.) “Nos processos de laminação do aço, placas, lingotes e barras contêm defeitos de superfície que devem ser removidos. O chamado processo de escarfagem que permite essa remoção é semelhante a uma operação oxi-combustível de goiva. A escarfagem nas Usinas Siderúrgicas é feita manual e mecanicamente. O aço inox pode ser escarfado

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

com pó de ferro da mesma forma que o corte.” S101

38 semi-finished steel (np)

Steel products such as blooms, billets, or slabs that are then rolled and processed into beams, bars, sheets, etc. S102

“June 2001 imports of finished steel products were down 28 percent compared to June 2000 while semi-finished steel imports were down 25 percent.” S103

aço semi-acabado (SN.)

“A máquina, que faz a produção das placas (aço semi-acabado ), deverá entrar em operação no fim de 2007, informou Rinaldo Campos Soares, presidente da Usiminas durante comentários sobre o balanço do terceiro trimestre.” S104

39 service center (np)

A catchall name for an operation that buys steel often processes it in some way and then sells it in a slightly different form. A service center is distinguished from an end-user by the fact that, unlike an end-user, a service center sells steel, not a fabricated product. S105

“High Steel Service Center Inc., a steel service center located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, has installed a High Speed Multi-Cut Blanking Line and a High Speed Slitting Line from Red Bud Industries, Red Bud, Illinois.” S106

centro de serviço (SN)

“Por meio de um completo Centro de Serviços , com sede em Guarulhos e filial em Taubaté, uma equipe altamente especializada, um grande estoque de produtos e os mais modernos equipamentos, a Rio Negro oferece vantagens no fornecimento, manuseio, processamento e beneficiamento do aço.” S107

40 sheet steel (np) Steel that is thin, flat-rolled in a coil. It is created in a hot strip mill by flattening a

“The final product from the facility is coiled sheet steel , though some steel is sold as

chapa fina de aço (SN)

“A norma NBR 5004 – Chapas finas de aço de baixa liga e alta resistência

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

slab, but keeping the side dimensions the same. The steel will lengthen as it is rolled. The most common differences among steel bars, strip, plate and sheet are merely their physical dimensions of width and thickness. S108

cast slabs or unfinished coils.” S109

mecânica, Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas – ABNT, ... fixa condições exigíveis para encomenda, fabricação e fornecimento de chapas finas , laminadas a quente ou a frio, de aço de baixa liga e alta resistência mecânica, para uso estrutural.” S110

41 slab (n.) The most common type of semi-finished steel. Traditional slabs measure 10 inches thick and 30-85 inches wide (and average about 20 feet long), while the output of the recently developed "thin slab" casters is approximately two inches thick. Subsequent to casting, slabs are sent to the hot-strip mill to be rolled into coiled sheet and plate products. S111

“Steel slab includes all grades of refined metallic steel in a slab form. When listing Steel Slab please state clearly the. grade quality and the size, shape and weight of the metal.” S112

placa (s.f.) “A Companhia Vale do Rio Doce e o conglomerado alemão Thyssen Krup vão construir no Rio de Janeiro uma usina de placas de aço, de olho nos mercados das...” S113

42 slitting (n.) Cutting a sheet of steel into narrower strips to match customer needs.

“Full listing of Slitting Machines manufacturer and supplier on line. We have a

corte longitudinal (SN.)

“Em 1990 o projeto de instalação da unidade de corte longitudinal foi

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Because steel mills have limited flexibility as to the widths of the sheet that they produce, service centers normally will cut the sheet for the customer. S111

broad range of slitting machines and services which can be sourced by this comprehensive vertical web portal dedicated to helping global buyers searching and purchasing from Taiwan and China slitting machines manufacturers.” S114

concluído, tendo iniciado as operações em outubro, mudança da nossa filial na Grande Porto Alegre para sede em Gravataí.” S115

43 sliver (n.) (defect) Loose metal piece rolled down onto the surface of the metal during the rolling operations. S111

“On Tuesday, October 10, a continuous mining machine helper was assisting a mechanic in the removal of a traction planetary drive from a continuous mining machine. The mining machine helper, using an 8 pound sledgehammer, attempted to free and remove the drive hub from the crawler pad. On the second blow of the hammer, a steel sliver flew off the hub and penetrate the helper’s lower throat area. The steel sliver lacerated an artery in the upper chest area causing fatal internal hemorrhaging.” S116

lasca (s.f.) “A resistência mecânica superior é outro fator que coloca o aço inoxidável como o mais indicado para a fabricação de caixas d’água. Ao contrário de outros materiais, ele não trinca, não tem lascas , não solta resíduos, resiste às intempéries e às variações bruscas de temperatura, sem comprometer sua performance nem alterar sua rigidez e dureza.” S117

44 SPC (acr.) Statistical Process Control “Statistical Process Control controle “Assim, o Controle O acrônimo

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

- A technique used to predict when a steelmaking function's quality may deteriorate. By tightly monitoring the product's variance from specifications, the operator can determine when to apply preventative maintenance to a machine before any low-quality (secondary) steel is produced. S111

(SPC) involves using statistical techniques to measure and analyze the variation in processes. Most often used for manufacturing processes, the intent of SPC is to monitor product quality and maintain processes to fixed targets.” S118

estatístico de processo (SN)

Estatístico de Processo (CEP) é uma das ferramentas mais clássicas na área de qualidade e com certeza uma das mais comprovadas e empregadas no meio prático. Desde seu surgimeno tem sido aplicada aos mais diversos processos, situações e regiões em todo o mundo.” S119

em L2 é CEP

45 stand (n.) Sets of rolls; some are four rolls; two backup rolls and two work rolls. Some are work rolls only. S120

“A.K. Engineering has gained a 2 million pounds contract for machining and test assembling a 5 m wide steel finishing mill stand , destined for China, which will weigh over 1,000 tons when fully erected.” S121

cadeira (s.f.) “No equipamento LB2 (Laminação de Bobinas 2) são utilizados cilindros no interior da cadeira de laminação, responsáveis em executar a redução de espessura do material conforme a solicitação do cliente.” S122

Também conhecida como gaiola (s.f.)

46 steel (n.) An iron-base alloy, malleable in some temperature range as initially cast, containing manganese, usually carbon, and often-other alloying elements.

“Steel production in the Northwest Indiana/Chicago area, the nation's second-largest steel producing region, was 493,000 tons during the week ending Dec. 3, up from the 457,000 tons made during

aço (s.m.) “Aço Inox é um tipo de aço contendo pelo menos 11 % de cromo.” S124

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

S111 the week prior, according to the American Iron and Steel Institute.” S123

47 strip (n.) A thin, flat piece of steel that is generally narrower than sheet steel and the gauge is monitored more carefully. It may be cut from a steel sheet with a slitting machine. S108

“There are 4 principal hot rolled finished flat products: bars, plate, hot rolled strip and hot rolled sheet. Dimensions particularly thickness and width are the principle bases of classification.” S125

tira (s.f.) “As tiras laminadas a quente são usadas na produção de tubos que requerem boa soldabilidade e tenacidade, e na indústria automotiva, que exige aço de boa conformabilidade. São produzidas em laminadores contínuos de tiras a quente.” S126

48 structural steel (np)

Steel product group that includes I-beams, H-beams, wide-flange beams and sheet piling. These products are used in the construction of multi-story buildings, industrial buildings, bridge trusses, vertical highway supports, and riverbank reinforcement. S111

“Structural shapes distributed by L.B. Foster Piling are rolled to conform to the latest ASTM Structural Steel Specification. Rolling and cutting tolerances shown in this catalog are in conformance with ASTM A6/A6M.” S127

aço estrutural (SN)

“O uso do aço estrutural na construção civil no Brasil – embora mais recente e em pequeno volume, quando comparado ao que ocorre nos Estados Unidos, Japão e países da Europa – vem crescendo de forma consistente.” S128

49 temper mill (np)

A type of cold-rolling mill, usually with only one or two stands, that finishes cold-rolled, annealed

“A temper mill rolls the strip with controlled extensions to improve flatness, remove yield point elongation and

laminador de encruamento (SN.)

“O material é recozido, processo que irá garantir a boa conformabilidade, e depois passa pelo

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

sheet steel by improving the finish or texture to develop the required final mechanical properties. S129

provide a uniform surface. S130

laminador de encruamento (LE) responsável por elevar um pouco as características mecânicas e de conferir um bom acabamento superficial.“ S131

50 tensile strength (np)

The greatest longitudinal stress steel can sustain without breaking. S132

“The developed cast steel had a tensile strength over 650N/mm2 and a Charpy energy absorption of more than 100J at 0 °C. The new cast steel was put through trial production verification tests for application to the super-mega frames of buildings.” S133

limite de resistência à tração (SN)

“Os aços de alta resistência e baixa liga são utilizados toda vez que se deseja: elevar a relação do limite de escoamento para o limite de resistência à tração , sem perda apreciável da ductilidade.” S134

51 tin plate (np) Thin sheet steel with a very thin coating of metallic tin. Tin plate is used primarily in can making. S129

“The unexpected growth of the tin plate industry after 1890 was due chiefly to the cheapening of the fundamental raw material, sheet bars.” S135

folha-de-flandres (SN)

“Folha-de-flandres para produção de embalagens para alimentos e bebidas é o principal item consumidor de estanho metálico, equivalente a cerca de 45% da oferta do metal.” S136

Também se usa apenas flandres (s.m)

52 width

(n.)

The lateral dimension of rolled steel, as opposed to the length or the gauge (thickness). If width of the steel strip is not controlled during rolling, the edges

“Because steel mills have limited flexibility as to the widths of the sheet that they produce, service centers normally will cut the sheet for the customer.”

largura

(s.f)

“A morfologia vista nessa figura foi semelhante à observada em todos os pontos ao longo da largura da tira (operação, centro e motor), a qual se mostra um

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

must be trimmed. S137

S111 tanto quanto diferente das observadas nos laminados a quente de aços convencionais de baixo C.” S138

53 work roll (np) Two smaller rolls of a four-high stand of the Weirlite Mills, Tandem Mills, and the Temper Mills. These rolls, through the use of hydraulic pressure, are responsible (along with the backup rolls) for the shape of the steel. S139

“Prediction of temperature distribution within work rolls during the hot strip rolling process is of great importance to mill designers because of the significant role it plays in the products dimensional accuracy and roll life.” S140

cilindro de trabalho (SN)

“São vários tipos de cilindros de laminação, sendo que os envolvidos nesse projeto são os chamados cilindros de trabalho para laminadores de tiras (de aço) a quente.” S141

Informações gramaticais: L1: n. = noun

a. = adjective v. = verb np = noun phrase acr. = acronym

L2: m. = masculino f.= feminino s. = substantivo a. = adjetivo v. = verbo SN = sintagma nominal acr. = acrônimo

Outras abreviaturas: AD: definição adaptada da referência bibliográfica indicada

REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS:

Fontes dos termos em L2: Dicionário Metalúrgico – James L. Taylor – ABM – 1993

Sites – Visitados em novembro e dezembro de 2005

S1: www.scrapsite.net/SS_Information/glossary.cfm?target=A S2: http://www.industry.siemens.com/metals/en/news/newsletter/mm_02_2005/default.htm S3: www.cimm.com.br/noticia/CUR22.HTM S4: www.steel.org/Content/NavigationMenu/ LearningCenter/SteelGlossary/Steel_Glossary.htm S5: www.efunda.com/materials/alloys/alloy_steels/alloy.cfm S6: www.gasbrasil.com.br/tecnicas/glossario S7:www.scrapsite.net/SS_Information/glossary.cfm?target=B S8: immpetus.shef.ac.uk/imm/newsletters/2002_1.pdf S9:www.gorni.eng.br/rem_022003_gorni.pdf S10: www.tenaris.com/en/dalmine?Glossario.asp S11: http://www.asminternational.org/Template.cfm?Section=Search&template=Ecommerce/ProductDisplay.cfm&ProductID=12398 S12: www.metalinox.com.br/produtos/barras/barras.html S13: www.stainless-steel-world.net/glossary/a_index.asp

S14: www.smorgonsteel.com.au/sheetmetalsupplies/products/group.cfm?GroupID=6www.smorgonsteel.com.au/sheetmetalsupplies/

products/group.cfm?GroupID=6 S15: www.panatlantica.com.br/Portugues/blank.html S16: www.steel.org/Content/NavigationMenu/ LearningCenter/SteelGlossary/Steel_Glossary.htm S17: www.patentstorm.us/patents/6089441.html S18: www.unip.br/.../engproducao/artigos/doc-pdf/ Carvalho%20P.S.G.;%20Landgraf%20%20F.J.G.;%20%20Cescon%20T.pdf S19: www.mesteel.com/cgi-bin/w3-msql/goto.htm?url=http://www.mesteel.com/dictionary/c.htm S20: www.metalcenternews.com/Products/Packaging.htm S21: www.juresa.com.br/produtos_chapas.asp S22: www.scrapsite.net/SS_Information/glossary.cfm?target=C S23: //64.233.187.104/search?q=cache:ya8plm39YUYJ:www.carlencontrols.com/products.html+side+guide+%22steel+mill%22&hl=pt-BR S24:http://www.receita.fazenda.gov.br/Legislacao/Portarias/Ant2001/2000/portmf003.htm S25: www.engineeringtalk.com/news/cst/cst119.html S26: www.vegadosul.com.br/imprensa/press_release.htm S27: www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/4/chemistry/steel/msch5pg1.html S28: www.cst.com.br/frame.asp?t=/flash_4.shtml&c=/produtos/placas/qualidade/controledequalidade/tecontrole.shtml S29: www.weirton.com/glossary/C.html S30: www.patentstorm.us/patents/6868707.html S31: www2.ele.ufes.br/~projgrad/ante2005_2/VitorBB.pdf S32: www.mesteel.com/cgi-bin/w3-msql/goto.htm?url=http://www.mesteel.com/dictionary/d.htm S33: www.ussautomotive.com/auto/tech/grades/dds.htm S34: www.magius.com.br/produt.htm S35: www.weirton.com/glossary/H.html S36: www.patentstorm.us/patents/54d41212.html S37: www.revistametalurgia.com.br/apresenta2.php?pag_id=290 S38: www.scrapsite.net/SS_Information/glossary.cfm?target=E S39: www.gfg.us/gfg_oilers_fl.htm S40: www.sef.rj.gov.br/legislacao/tributaria/convenios_ ajustes_protocolos/confaz/convenios/1998/icms98111.shtml S41: www.mesteel.com/cgi-bin/w3-msql/goto.htm?url=http://www.mesteel.com/dictionary/f.htm S42: www.americanrecycler.com/09imports.html S43: www.abmbrasil.com.br/news/clipping/clipping_por_data.asp?dia=27&mes=9&ano=2004 S44: www.steel.org/Content/NavigationMenu/LearningCenter/SteelGlossary/Steel_Glossary.htm S45: www.patentstorm.us/patents/5911784.html S46: www.cimm.com.br/noticia/CUR22.”htm S47: www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/mac/MaynoothSummerSchool/TrespSteel.pdf S48: www.meusite.mackenzie.com.br/carlosmonezi/seminarios/1o_semestre/1_2002/laminacao/laminacao.htm

S49: www.mesteel.com/cgi-bin/w3-msql/goto.htm?url=http://www.mesteel.com/dictionary/g.htm S50: www.netplus.com.br/home.asp?ver=detalhe&codigo=101

S51: http://64.233.187.104/search?q=cache:ya8plm39YUYJ:www.carlencontrols.com/products.html+side+guide+%22steel+mill%22&hl=pt-BR S52: 216.239.51.104/search?q=cache:2DcoziBm1xsJ:www.sdaergs.com.br/reso23.htm++%22rolo+puxador%22+site:br&hl=pt-BR S53: www.key-to-steel.com/Articles/Art62.htm S54: www.abmbrasil.com.br/cgi-local/news/mostrar.pl?83.dat S55: www.steelservicecenters.com/info/steelservices centers/def.htm S56: www.crc4mse.org/MEL/AUTO/STEEL/hot_rolling.html S57: www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0370-44672003000200007 S58: www.scrapsite.net/SS_Information/glossary.cfm?target=H S59: www.wcisteel.com/operations/hsm.html S60: www.galvanizeit.org/ S61: www.mangels.com.br/txt_gal_2.html S62: www.us.cbmm.com.br/english/sources/techlib/info/hs/EDDQ/hs/EDDQ.htm S63: www.manutencaoesuprimentos.com.br/conteudo.php?codigo=7 S64: www.mesteel.com/cgi-bin/w3msql/goto.htm?url=http://www.mesteel.com/dictionary/p.htm S65: www.outokumpu.com/pages/Page____5510.aspx S66: www.cbmm.com.br/portug/sources/uses/use&user.htm S67: www.scrapsite.net/SS_Information/glossary.cfm?target=o S68: www.allfoils.com/technical-coilweight.html S69: www.triches.com.br/prod_slitter.html S70: www.scrapsite.net/SS_Information/glossary.cfm?target=P S71: www.patentstorm.us/patents/6266983.html - 101k S72: www.indg.com.br/emc/resultados/result.asp?32 - S73: www.engnet.us/tips/glossary.aspx?word=Payoff+Reel S74: 216.239.51.104/search?q=cache:izypG0eBSLMJ:www2.thefabricator.com/Articles/Printer_Friendly_Article.cfm%3FID%3D677

+strip+steel++%22payoff+reel%22&hl=pt-BR S75: 216.239.51.104/search?q=cache:jl3CQ8eh8PIJ:www.emh.com.br/cont_alin_tiras.htm+tira+desbobinadeira&hl=pt-BR S76: www.smorgonsteel.com.au/sheetmetalsupplies/resources/glossary/index.cfm S77: www.nzsteel.co.nz/nz/go/about-new-zealand-steel/student-information/the-art-of-pickling S78: //216.239.51.104/search?q=cache:pKQTNP4S99gJ:www.ecivilnet.com/artigos/corrosao_de_armaduras.htm+decapagem+carepa&hl=pt-BR S79: www.engnet.us/tips/glossary.aspx?word=Pinch+Roll S80: www.vatech.at/view.php3?f_id=15510&LNG=EN S81: 216.239.51.104/search?q=cache:2DcoziBm1xsJ:www.sdaergs.com.br/reso23.htm++%22rolo+puxador%22+site:br&hl=pt-BR S82: www.ussteel.com/corp/products/plate.htm S83: www.finep.gov.br/PortalDPP/relatorio_setorial/ impressao_relatorio.asp?lst_setor=33

S84: www.mesteel.com/cgi-bin/w3-msql/goto.htm?url=http://www.mesteel.com/dictionary/r.htm S85: www.processingtalk.com/news/ind/ind112.html S86: mediaibox.siemens.com.br/upfiles/1439.pdf

S87: www.engnet.us/tips/glossary.aspx?word=Roll+Grind S88: www.metrologysystems.co.uk/rmsgrinding.htm S89: 64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:hLex5J1T338J:www.scielo.br/scielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_arttext%26pid%3DS0370-44672003000200007%26lng%3Des%26nrm%3Diso+retificacao+cilindro+laminacao&hl=pt-BR S90: www.advantagefabricatedmetals.com/metalformingglossaryr.html S91: csd.newcastle.edu.au/simulations/roll_sim.html S92: www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-10122004-004129/ S93: www.scrapsite.net/SS_Information/glossary.cfm?target=R S94: www.uksteel.org.uk/stlmake6.htm S95: www.belgomineira.com.br/pro/belgo5060.pdf S96: www.smorgonsteel.com.au/sheetmetalsupplies/resources/glossary/index.cfm S97 www.nzsteel.co.nz/nz/go/about-new-zealand-steel/student-information/the-art-of-pickling S98: 216.239.51.104/search?q=cache:pKQTNP4S99gJ:www.ecivilnet.com/artigos/corrosao_de_armaduras.htm+decapagem+carepa&hl=pt-BR S99: www.weirton.com/glossary/H.html S100: products.esabna.com/index.html/session_id/0999fc061e17d504755b94d65145e840/screen/steel_industry_secondary/ category_id/id43412e36739401.14658118 S101: www.torch.ind.br/br/aplicacoes/escarfagem.htm S102: www.stainless-steel-world.net/glossary/a_index.asp S103: www.americanrecycler.com/09imports.html S104: www.ibs.org.br/noticias_exibe.asp?Codigo=1124&Refresh=20051113155244 S105 www.scrapconnect.net/default.asp?SID=&section=home http://www.scrapconnect.net/ S106: www.redbudindustries.com/customer/install/highsteelinst.htm S107: www.rionegro.ind.br/empresa/ S108: www.steinless-world.com/glossary/a_index.asp?Letter=S S109: www.epa.state.il.us/public-nptices/2004/united-states-steel/index.pdf S110: www.manualdepericias.com.br/abnt/NBR5004.asp_p S111: http://www.mesteel.com/cgi-bin/w3-msql/goto.htm?url=http://www.mesteel.com/dictionary/s.htm S112: www.metalworld.com/specs/gr200179.html S113: www.superavit.com.br/colnnas.asp?id=4409 S114: www.manufacturers.com.tw/machinery/Slitting_Machines.html S115: www.dova.com.br/historia.asp S116: www.wsha,gov/FATAL5/1995/FAB95C34.HTM

S117: obracadabra.com.br/releases200308.asp?id=154&ACT=58content=16298mnu S118: reliability.sandia.gov/Manuf_Statistics/Statistical_Process_Control/statistical_process_control/.html S119: www.numa.org.br/conhecimentos/conhecimentos_port/pag_conh/capabilidadev4.htm S120: www.scrapsite.net/SS_Information/glossary.cfm?target=S

S121: www.subcontractingtalk.com/news/akh104.html S122: www.indg.com.br/emc/resultados/result.asp?32 S123: www.steel.org/ S124: www.acesita.com.br/interno.php?area=faq_inox S125: www.stormpages.com/loreto/typesofsteel.htm S126: www.cbmm.com.br/portug/sources/uses&user.htm S127: www.lbfoster.com/piling/structuralsteel.html S128 www.acominas.com.br/br/produtos/aplicacoesmercadopf.asp?flag=N S129: http://www.mesteel.com/cgi-bin/w3-msql/goto.htm?url=http://www.mesteel.com/dictionary/t.htm S130: www.ussteel.com/corp/sheet/hr/pmtmill.htm S131: www.meincol.com.br/web_meincol/templates/sac.htm S132: www.scrapsite.net/SS_Information/glossary.cfm?target=T S133: www.kobelco.co.jp/technology-review/ english/vol51_1_sum.htm S134: www.cbca-ibs.org.br/acos_estruturais.asp S135: www.scripophily.net/amtinplcobeu.html S136: www.bndes.gov.br/conhecimento/setorial/is_g3_35.pdf S137: www.mesteel.com/dictionary/w.htm S138: www.gorni.eng.br/COLAM_2004_AAG.pdf S139: www.scrapsite.net/SS_Information/glossary.cfm?target=W S140: www.actapress.com/PaperInfo.aspx?PaperID=20593 S141: inventabrasilnet.t5.com.br/cilaco.htm