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ศึกษาเกี่ยวกับความเป็นมาของพระพุทธศาสนา ตั้งแต่สภาพสังคมอินเดียก่อนพุทธกาล ความเป็นไปของพระพุทธศาสนาสมัยพุทธกาล พุทธประวัติ การบริหารองค์การสงฆ์ การเปลี่ยนแปลงความเชื่อของคนในสังคมอินเดีย ความเป็นไปของพระพุทธศาสนาหลังพุทธปรินิพพาน ทั้งความเจริญและความเสื่อม การเผยแผ่พระพุทธศาสนาไปสู่นานาประเทศ ตั้งแต่อดีตจนถึงปัจจุบัน

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  • DOU

    (1)

  • DOU(2)

    ISBN 978-974-8433-82-0

    DOU. 69 . . 12120 0-2901-1013, 0-2901-1017 0-2901-1014http://www.dou.us

  • DOUDOU (3)

    GB 405 -

    ..2550

  • DOU (4)

    (3) (6) (7) 1 1

    1.1 41.2 61.3 10

    2 132.1 172.2 22

    3 413.1 453.2 6 483.3 533.4

    56

    4 654.1 500 694.2 ..5001000 784.3 96

  • DOU (5)

    222 5 1075.1 1105.2 112

    6 1776.1 1806.2 1856.3 220

    7 2257.1 2297.2 231

  • DOU

    1.

    GB 405 - -

    2. 1.

    2.

    3.

    3. 1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    (6)

  • DOU

    1.

    . 1 1-2

    .

    . ( 5)

    2.

    80

    3.

    (7)

  • DOU

    4.

    5.

    ( E-Learning) ( DOU)

    6.

    - 19.00-21.00 . () DOU

    (8)

  • DOU 1

    1

  • DOU2

    1

    1.1

    1.2

    1.3

  • DOU 3

    1. 2

    -

    2.

    3. 3

    1.

    2.

    3.

  • DOU4

    1

    1.1

    .. (historical method)1

    . 2 2

    history 3

    1 , , , 2527 652 , , 2539 43 (2549). . ()

  • DOU 5

    . 1

    2

    1)

    2)

    2

    1 100 1 1,000

    1 ., , 2539 3

  • DOU6

    1.2

  • DOU 7

    1.2.1

    History repeats itself

    1

    1.2.2

    1 , , 2542 1-2

  • DOU8

    1

    1.2.3

    IBM 2

    1 , ( : ), , 2539 38.1 (The History Channel). (2549) , (intranet)

  • DOU 9

    1 ..2538 90% IBM OS/2 5-6% IBM 16,000

    , ... 2

    1 (The History Channel). (2549) , (intranet)2 , , , 2537 25

  • DOU10

    ...1

    1.3

    2

    1.3.1

    1 , 16 61 22

  • DOU 11

    1.3.2

    Hard Disk 1

    1.3.3

    1 , , 2527 5

  • DOU12

    1.3.4

    1 1 1

    2

  • DOU 13

    2

  • DOU14

    2

    2.1 2.1.1

    2.1.2

    2.1.3

    2.2 2.2.1

    - - 2.2.2 - - 4 2.2.3

    - - 4 - 2

  • DOU 15

    1.

    2. 2-3

    3. 4 4

    1.

    2. 6 -

  • DOU16

    3.

    4.

  • DOU 17

    2

    2.1

    (356-323 B.C.)

    2.1.1 5

    (Subcontinent)

    3

  • DOU18

    (Karakoram) (Hindukush)

    3

    (Vindhyas) (Deccan) (Thar)

    2.1.2

  • DOU 19

    2,800 (Bronze Age) (Indus Civilization)

    Sindhu S S H (Hindu) Indus H (Hindu) (Indus) (India) (Bharatavarsa) - (Mahabharata) (Hindustan)

    - (Harappa Civilization) .1856 - (Sir John Marshall) (Harappa) (Panjap) (Mohenjo Daro) (Sind) 2,500

    5,000

  • DOU20

    1,000

    2.1.3

    (Nigroid) (Mongoloid) 1(Proto-Australoid)

    (Dravidian) 2

    - - 3

    1 2 3 , ,,,,, 2516 3-4

  • DOU 21

    1 2 . , 2516 66.3

    1

    1,000-1,500 (Aryans) (Khyber) 2 (Dasyus)

    (Caucasoid)

    3 (Nomads)

  • DOU22

    1 - 2 . , 2544 2

    1 800

    3

    1) 2) 3)

    3 2

    2.2

  • DOU 23

    2.2.1 (Vedic Period) 800 300

    (tribe) (raja)

    1) (Brahmana) 2) (Kshatriya) 3) (Vaishya) 4) (Sudra)

  • DOU24

    (Indra) (Agni) (Surya) (Soma) (Varuna) (Yama)

    (Devas)

  • DOU 25

    4 (Brahmana)

    1

    (Brahma) (Veda)

    (Om)

    1 . , . , 2539 13

  • DOU26

    (Rigveda) 1,028 500

    () (Samveda)

    (Yajurveda)

    3

    4 1(Atharveda) 2

    1 2 . , 2516 6871.

  • DOU 27

    2.2.2 1(Brahmana Period) 300-100

    (2,600 2,800 ) 2

    1 2 . , 2549 4

  • DOU28

    6

    4 4 4 1

    7 2 3 (Trimurati)

    1) (Creator) 2) (Preserver)

    3) (Destroyer)

    1 . , 2534 14

  • DOU 29

    (Vaishnavism) (Saivism)

    4

    1

    4

    1 . 2 -, 2549 58

  • DOU30

    1

    (Untouchable) 2

    () () ()3

    1 . . , , , 2544 132 . , 2534 12-133 . , 2549 21

  • DOU 31

    1

    2 3

    2.2.3 (Upanishad Period) 150-100

    3

    1 . , 2549 82 . 2 -, 2549 333 ( ). , 2534 32-33

  • DOU32

    (Upanishads)1

    2 (Vedanta)

    3 4

    (Brahman)5

    () 6

    1 () + () + () () 2 + 3 . , 2544 6.4 . , 2534 18.5 6 . - , 2546 51.

  • DOU 33

    (Brahman) (Atman) (Moksha) 1

    4

    () 2

    4 (Four Ashrams)

    1) (Brahmacharya : Student) 8

    1 . : .2548 86.2 4 ( ) () () (

    )

  • DOU34

    12

    2) (Grihastha : Householder) 1

    3) (Vanaprastha : Hermit)

    4) (Sannyasa : Ascetic) ()

    4 (Stages of Life) 1 4

    4

    1 . , 2527 102109.

  • DOU 35

    1 () 2

    2

    6

    1 2 (1) (2)

    2 , - , 2546 31

  • DOU36

    2 1

    1. (Avaidika) (Nastika) 6 2

    1) (Rationalist)

    2) (Experientialist) 2

    2. (Vaidika) (Astika) (Traditionalist) (Vedas)

    1 , 1, 2535 82 . (Buddhist Philosophy). 4

  • DOU 37

    6 6(Six Darshanas)1

    1) (Vedanta)

    () (Ultimate Reality) 2

    2) (Nyaya)

    (LogicalRealism) 3

    1 2 , 2 -, 2549 473 , , 2549 152

  • DOU38

    3) (Vaisesika)

    ()

    4) (Sankhya)

    25 2 (Dualistic Realism)

    5) 2 (Yoga)

    1 , , 2549 1522

  • DOU 39

    ( ) 8

    6) (Mimamsa)

    1

    1 . , 2544 3

  • DOU40

    2 2 2

    3

  • DOU 41

    3

  • DOU42

    3

    3.1 3.1.1

    3.1.2

    3.2 6 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6

    3.3 3.4

  • DOU 43

    1. 16 5 21 3

    2. 6 6 5

    3.

    4. - (Child Center)

  • DOU44

    1.

    2. 6 -

    3.

    4.

  • DOU 45

    3

    3.1

    3.1.1 2

    - 16 1 5 21

    3 2

    1)

    1 , 21 510 2732 .(...), 8

  • DOU46

    2)

    3)

    ..2490

    1 (Anga) 2 (Magadha) 3 (Kasi) 4 (Kosala) 5 (Vajji) 6 (Malla) , 7 (Cheti) 8 (Vamsa) 9 (Guru) 2

    1 , , 2546 202 , 13 439 306-312

    1

  • DOU 47

    10 (Panchala) - 11 (Maccha) - , 12 (Surasena) 1 13 (Assaka) 2 14 (Avanti) 15 (Gandhara) - 16 (Kamboja) - 17 (Sakka) 18 (Koliya) 19 (Bhagga) 20 (Videha) 21 (Anguttarapa) - -

    5

    3.1.2

    1 , 13 464 3262 , 26 63 87

  • DOU48

    1)

    2) 6

    3)

    4) 1 4

    3.2 6

    6 6 6 2 6

    1 () 2 , 47 364, 471

  • DOU 49

    3.2.1

    99 100 100 1

    2 -

    3.2.2

    3

    1 18 568-5692 53 165-1663 180 569

  • DOU50

    1

    2

    3.2.3

    3

    4

    1 .(2550). . ()2 53 167-1683 .(2550). . ()

  • DOU 51

    1

    3.2.4.

    2

    7 7 7 3 -

    3.2.5 -

    1 53 171-1722 18 5693 53 174-175

  • DOU52

    ...1

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    23 250 24 30 3

    1 53 180-1812 11 99-3033 .(2550). . ()

  • DOU 53

    - 1 3 2

    5 12 3

    6 240 2 4

    3.3

    1 53 180-1812-4 .(2550). . ()

  • DOU54

    6 80

    5 108 8 8 7 2 - 8

    2 7 - 2 - 2

    7

  • DOU 55

    16

    29 4

    6 6 45

    45 6 80

  • DOU56

    3.4

    2 4

    1

    - 108 8 2 3

    1 15 51 1462 32 2533 44 155 692

  • DOU 57

    - 3 .1

    500

    100 2 2

    45 -

    1 25 627 1952 25 198

  • DOU58

    ... ...... ... . 1

    1 12 201 41

    1 ..6/58/112-113 2 ...1/31 3 ..24/327/409 4 ..9/626/523-4 5 ...6/296 6 ..13/161/334 7 - ..13/161/334 8 ..13/161/334 9 ..13/161/334

  • DOU 59

    / 1 ..11/141/497-523

    2 ..12/199/40-69

    3 ..21/646/340-357

    4 ..12/351/244-253

    5 ..13/161/334

    6 ..12/196/15

    7 ..18/339/483.

    8 ..21/603/247

    9 ..12/337/222

    10 ..13/660/458

    10 ..13/161/334 11 - ..13/161/334 12 ..21/447/40 13 - ..13/483/333 14 ..26/63/90 15 ..32/335-338

  • DOU60

    - 80,000 80,000 1

    45

    16

    11 - ..34/496/22512 ..37/44/11713 ..25/693/27714 .. 47/324/23215 .. 47/424/864-875

    16

    1 7 1 1-4

  • DOU 61

    -

    1

    -

    1 12 366 259

  • DOU62

    ...1

    Child Center

    ... 4 2

    1 12 371 403-4042 37 109 403-404

  • DOU 63

    3 3 3

    4

  • DOU64

  • DOU 65

    4

  • DOU66

    4

    4.1 500 4.1.1 14.1.2 24.1.3 3

    4.2 ..50010004.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3

    4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3

  • DOU 67

    1. 3 3 2 2 3 18

    2. -

    3. 2

    4. 2

  • DOU68

    5.

    1.

    2.

    3. -

    4.

    5.

  • DOU 69

    4

    4.1 500

    1

    2

    3

    1 , 13 141 3202 , 15 94-106 258-2713 , 16 221-363 157-263

  • DOU70

    (Buddhist Council) () + ()

    1

    4 1 2 3 4 1-3

    4.1.1 1 : 3 :

    : 500 : : : : 7

    1 , , 2539 6-7

  • DOU 71

    : : : : : 7 -

    500

    8

    8

    1.

  • DOU72

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    6.

    7.

    8.

    8 2

    ()

    4.1.2 2 : ..100 :

    : 700 : : 10 : : 8

  • DOU 73

    : : : : :

    2 10

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    3. : (: () )

    4. : (: )

    5. : (: )

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  • DOU74

    )

    7. : () (: )

    8. : (: )

    9. : (: )

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  • DOU 75

    5

    1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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  • DOU76

    7

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  • DOU 77

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    500 500 9

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    8.

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  • DOU78

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    2 2 () () 3 18 6 (..500 ) (Ashvagosa) 1

    4.2.1 2

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    1 , , 2549 65

  • DOU 79

    5

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    4. 5.

    ()

  • DOU80

    1

    () () - 8

    100 2 10 10 2 2 () ()

    3 18 3

    2.

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    1 , , 2541 6

  • DOU 81 1 , -, 2540 3-4

    1. ()

    2.

    3.

    4. 1

    ()

  • DOU82

    1 , -, 2540 87-892 , , 2539 83

    (Swat Valley) (Mathura) (Candara)

    (Assimilation) 2 1

    2

  • DOU 83

    6 2

    4.2.2

    1. 3

    1) 4 -

    2)

    3)

    - 3

  • DOU84

    1 , , 2539 1102 , , 2546 11

    1

    2

    2. 3 3

    1) ()

    2)

    3)

  • DOU 85 1 , , 2543 70

    3 3

    - 3 3 3 3 3 1

    3. 3

    2

    -

    - 2

  • DOU86

    1 , , 2527 100

    1

    3

    1)

    2)

    3)

    3 -

  • DOU 87 1 , , 2540 141-142

    -

    4.

    (Pure Land) - - 1

    - -

    -

  • DOU88

    -

    5. (Bodhisattva)

    -

  • DOU 89

    1) 6 10 6

    -

    -

    -

    - -

    -

    -

    2) 4

    3) 4

    -

  • DOU90

    - ()

    -

    - ()

    4) 3

    - 2 -

    -

    -

  • DOU 91

    1)

    2)

  • DOU92

    4.2.3 2

    1. (Madhyamika)

    () ()

    (Nagarajuna) 7 (Dialectic)

  • DOU 93

    (Madhyamakakrika) (Sunyata)1 ()

    2 2

    2

    2. (Yogacara)

    1 2 , , 2539 160

  • DOU94

    (Maitreya-natha) 8 ..700 ..900

    (Asanga) (Vasubandhu)

    (Yogacara) (Vijananavada) () (Vijaaptimatra) (Thought-Only,or Mind-Only)

    1

    1 , , 2546 96

  • DOU 95

    2 2

    (Emptiness of Emptiness) () ( ) 1

    ()

    1 , ,, 2549 76-77

  • DOU96

    4.3

    4.3.1 1(Tantric Buddhism)

    (Esoteric path) -

    - - 8 2 ()

    1 () ( )

  • DOU 97

    1 (Mantrayana) (Tantrayana) (Dharani)

    1

  • DOU98

    3 (Mantrayana) 8 10

    ..1293 5 1 (FiveTathagatas) 15

    15 (Siddha) 8 2

    2 3 (Shakti)

    1 2 , , 2516 1023

  • DOU 99

    4 () -

    1 (Sadhu) ()

    5 () () () () () 52 (Pancha Tattva) 5 5

    1 84 2 , , 2516 109-116

  • DOU100

    1

    10 13 2

    4.3.2

    3

    1 , 2500 , 2537 3692 , : , 2530 753 , , 2516 152-155

  • DOU 101

    200 -

    1

    50 ..621 ..700 ..1100 ..1190 2

    3

    1 , : , 2530 92,932 .. , , 2542 113,1143 (2544) , , , 140

  • DOU102

    4.3.3

    2

    1.

    1

    1 Kitagawa, Joseph M. Buddhism and Social ChangeBuddhism and Social ChangeBuddhism and Social ChangeBuddhism and Social ChangeBuddhism and Social Change: A Historical Perspective, 1980 p. 89

  • DOU 103

    () () 1 2

    1 Harvey, Peter. An Introduction to Buddhism, 2000 p. 73-752 Hirakawa, Akira. History of Indian Buddhism, 1994 p. 32-300

  • DOU104

    2.

    - 1

    ( ..1280) 2 9 3

    1 -

    2 Mayeda, Sengaku. History of Indian PhilosophyHistory of Indian PhilosophyHistory of Indian PhilosophyHistory of Indian PhilosophyHistory of Indian Philosophy, 1991 p.73-753 Jamanada, K. Decline and Fall of BuddhismDecline and Fall of BuddhismDecline and Fall of BuddhismDecline and Fall of BuddhismDecline and Fall of Buddhism (A tragedy in Ancient India) Chapter 1 p.1

  • DOU 105

    1

    ..1600

    2 3

    1 4 1. 2. 3. 4.

    2 (Nalanda) (Vikramasila) ..1740 ..1746 3

  • DOU106

    1 2 3

    -

    1 , , 2525 1312 .. , , 2542 743 Mayeda, Sengaku. History of Indian Philosophy, 1991 p.187

    4 4 4

    5

  • DOU 107

    5

  • DOU108

    5

    5.1 5.2

    5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5

  • DOU 109

    1.

    2. - 9

    1.

    2. 5

  • DOU110

    5

    5.1

    2,100,000,000 1,300,000,000 (Atheist) (Agnostic) 1,100,000,000 900,000,000 394,000,000 376,000,000 1

    124,000,000 205,000,000 47,000,000 20,000,000 2

    7,000,000 900,000,000

    95% 90% 88% 75% 70% 65%

    1 www.adherents.com (2549).Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents.()2 www.adherents.com (2549).Major Branches of Buddhism.()

  • DOU 111

    - 102,000,000 89,650,000 55,480,000

    1-2 www.adherents.com (2549).The Largest Buddhist Communities.()

    10

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    20 0 40 60 80 100 120

    7,000,000

    9,130,000

    9,150,000

    10,920,000

    12,540,000

    41,610,000

    49,690,000

    55,480,000

    89,650,000

    102,000,000

    11

  • DOU112

    5.2

    9 2

    60% 2 1

    ()

    (Silk Road)

    3,000-4,000 2

    1. (Changan) (Xian) (Shaanxi) (Kansu) (Xinjiang) (Pamir)

    2. 10,000

    1

  • DOU 113

    (Arabian Sea)

    5.2.1

    -

    1. (Kingdom of Nepal)

    27,133,000 (..2548)The 2001 census (..2544) 80.6% 10.7%( 2,903,231 ) 4.2% 3.6% (Kirat) 0.5% 0.4% 1

    -

    1 Wikipedia (2544). Buddhism in Nepal. ()

  • DOU114

    4

    1. 2 () ()

    2.

    3.

    4.

  • DOU 115

    2. (Kingdom of Bhutan)

    47,000 (Je Khenpo) 752,700 (..2548) 74% 25% 0.7% 0.3% 1

    14 ..1763 (Phajo Drugom Shigpo) (Drukpa Kagyupa) 1 4 4

    10 (Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel; ..2137-2194) 2

    17 ..2548

    1 (2549). . ()

  • DOU116

    Tsongdu 151 106 55

    (Tsechu)

    3. (Peoples Republic

    of Bangladesh) (Bangladesh) 141,822,000 (..2548) 88.3% 10.5% 0.7% 0.5% 1 2

    1,000

    ..2300 200 ..2490 2 (East Bengal) 26 ..2514

    1 1 6 .2 (2549). . ()

  • DOU 117

    16 ..2514

    ..243 - ..600 - ..1643-1843

    1 () 100 2

    1. 40-55

    2. 100 800

    4. (Sri Lanka)

    (Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka) 2 ..2545 20,743,000 (..2548) 68% 18% 7-8% 3

    1 2 3Wikipedia (2549). Demographics of Sri Lanka. ()

  • DOU118

    1

    ..236 -

    -

    ..4331 14 2

    ( ..945)

    1 ..450.

  • DOU 119

    13

    12 171 ..1609 1 5

    1 (..1697-1730) 1 -

    ..2019

    ..2050 -

    ..2200

    1 12 17 ..1101-1700.

  • DOU120

    ..2294 10 3,000

    3

    ..2345

    ..2366 1

    1 , , 2548 91-99

  • DOU 121

    5 ..2408- ..2416 (Henry Steele Olcott) .. ..2423 400

    .. (F.L.Woodward) 1 ..2446

    60 .. 2,000 300 16 1

    5.2.2

    1 () , 1, 110-116

  • DOU122

    1. (Peoples Republic of China )

    1,315,844,000 (..2548) 280-350 1 www.adherents.com 102 4,000 5

    608 () 18 2 2

    1 Wikipedia (2549).Religion in China.()2 () 217 ( ..326 )

  • DOU 123

    ..793 1

    ( 8-11) - ..900-904 - 2

    10,000 - 30,000

    ..929-..1077 400

    ..1022 2,000,000 3,000 3

    1 , 1, 2539 197-1982-3 , , 2549 56-78

  • DOU124

    3 1

    (Bodhidharma) ..1069 9 1

    (..1161-1450)

    ..1117-1120 2,000,000 1,000 100,000

    ..1388

    1 , 1, 2539 202

  • DOU 125

    4,600 40,000 260,000 60 ..1578

    (..1132-1161) (..1161-1450)

    1 ..1143 13

    ..1173 2

    (Taklamakan)

    1 , , 2545 183-1842 , 1, 2539 205

  • DOU126

    4

    1 19 5 -

    74 ..1183 64 3 2,000,000 1

    - ..1503 400 130,000

    (..2187-2455)

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  • DOU 127

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  • DOU128

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  • DOU 129

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    1 (2549)..()2 (2549)..()3 Zuckerman, Phil. (2548) Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns, chapter in The Cambridge Companion

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  • DOU130

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  • DOU140

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  • DOU 141

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  • DOU 147

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  • DOU148

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  • DOU 151

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  • DOU 153

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  • DOU 155

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  • DOU156

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  • DOU 157

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  • DOU 159

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  • DOU160

    19 ..1894 ..1895 ..1974 ..1975 600 (..1345-1975)

    (..1975-) .. 2109

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    (Buddhist Socialism) ..2513 ..2534

    1 , ..2513-2534, 2549 39-40

  • DOU 161

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    5 ..2518 (Pol Pot) 8

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  • DOU162

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  • DOU 163

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  • DOU164

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  • DOU 165

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  • DOU166

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    .. 2421

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  • DOU 169

    7 (Meou-Po) 3

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    (..1571-1588) 95 (..1597-1615)

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  • DOU170

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    ..2469 . ..2510

    16 (..2503-2518) ..2509 ..2525

    ..2474 ()

  • DOU 171

    4 9 -

    6. (Indonesia) (Republic of

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    1 .(2549). . ()2

  • DOU172

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    14 ..2512 - 150 100 50

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    1 (2536). . ()2 12 ..1101-1200 ..1644-17433 97%

  • DOU 173

    (Asia Minor) 3

    (Islamic Republic of Afghanistan) 31,056,997 (..2549) 98% 83.2% 14.9% 1.4% 0.4% 0.1%1

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  • DOU174

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  • DOU 175

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  • DOU176

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    1 ..25342

    5 5 5

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  • DOU 177

    6

  • DOU178

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  • DOU 179

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  • DOU180

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    1 Martin Baumann.(2541) Working in the Right Spirit: The Application of Buddhist Right Livelihood in theFriends of the Western Buddhist Order.()

    2 Lionel Obadia (2540).Tibetan Buddhism in France: A Missionary Religion?()3 JAN Nattlier. (2543). Why Buddhism, Why Now ? AND WHY IN AMERICA.()4 The U.S. State Departments International Religious Freedom, Wikipedia.(2549). Buddhism in the

    United States.()

  • DOU 181

    (Australian Capital Territory)1

    2529 2534 2539 2544 % %

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    2 3

    (Jan Nattlier) night-stand Buddhists 10,000,000 4

    1 The Buddhist Council of New South Wales. (2549). Analysis of Religious Growth in Australia.()2 .3 () . 1. 89.4 JAN Nattlier.(2543). Why Buddhism, Why Now ? And Why In America.()

  • DOU182

    19 1 . . Controversy at Panadura, Or, PanaduraVadaya -

    150 ( ..2470)

    202 (Google) Zen 74,400,000 Theravana 1,390,000 3 50 100

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  • DOU 183

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    (Center) www.buddhanet.net www.buddhanet.net

    1 . (2549). : .()2 (2538). Tricycle.()3 SGI.(2549).Soka Gakkai International.()4 www.buddhanet.net (2549). Buddhist Masters and Their Organisations.()

  • DOU184

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    1 www.buddhanet.net (2549). Buddhist Directory.()2 3 Wikipedia.(2549).Religion.()4 842 Center [Thomas Kirchner (2549).Zen Centers -USA.()]5 Igor Troyanovsky.(2544). Buddhism In Russia.() Igor Troyanovsky

    www.buddhanet.net

    6 Thomas Kirchner (2546). Zen Centers - Rusia.()

  • DOU 185

    ..

    84 1 74 53 21 9 78 8 67 55 12 3 77 7 60 40 13 7 10 60 8 45 8 26 11 7 297 33 237 153 54 30 273. 1 28 4 12 5 7 124. 51 11 33 10 12 11 7

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    326-323 ..217-220 217-220 3

  • DOU186

    ..222 26 (Megasthenes)

    (..276-312) 1

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    ..1797 6 Itinerarium ... ...

    Description of the World (Marco Polo) 16 ..1818-..1834 ...3

    1 , , 2541 1892-3 () . , 2-3

  • DOU 187

    4 (Nicholas) ..2085 (Franciscus Xaverius) 1 (Gua) (Yagiro)

    17 ..2144 -

    19 (..1801-1900 ..2344-2443) (Simon de La Loubere) 14

  • DOU188

    ..2230-2231 Description du Royaumede Siam ..2234 20

    6.2.1

    (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) (United Kingdom UK) 4 3 1 60,441,457 (..2548) ( 70-80 %) The 2001UK census (..2544) (Non-Religious) 9,337,580 1 10 1 6 BBC ..2547 40 % (Atheists, Agnostic)2

    The 2001 UK census(..2544) 151,283 - 435 (The Pali Text Society)

    . .

    1 Wikipedia.(2549).Religions in United Kingdom.()2 Wikipedia.(2549).Atheism studies and Statistics.()

  • DOU 189

    ..2418 . ...1

    .. 2393 .. 2422 150 ( ..2470)

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    1 () . 1. 272 .(2549). .()

  • DOU190

    3 4

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    ..2445 (Charles Henry AllenBernett) 1 The Buddhist The Buddhist -

    .. (R.J.Jackson) ..2449 ..

    .. (J.R.Pain) The Buddhist .... ..2450 . (Buddhist Society of Great Britainand Ireland ) .

  • DOU 191

    ..2491 . (A.Rant) (Buddhist ViharaSociety of England) ..2497 .. 5, HeathfieldGardens, London, W4 200 (Buddhist Study Circles)

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    ..2507 1 ( .9) 3 25 ..2507

    ..2508 1 ..2509 -

  • DOU192

    (..2514) (..2532) (..2539) (..2537)

    (SGI) ..2503 450 1

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    ..2534 (Geshe Kelsang Gyatso) The New Kadampa Tradition (NKT) NKT NKT (Kadam or Gelug)

    6.2.2 (Federal

    Republic of Germany) 82,438,000 (..2548)

    1 SGI-UK.(2549) Soka Gakkai International UK.() SGI www.buddhanet.net

    2 David N. Kay (2547).Tibetan and Zen Buddhism in Britain. [ Inken Prohl(2549) .Book Review

    .()

  • DOU 193

    ( 68 %) 10,000 ..2549 (Non-Religious) (Atheists) 29.6% 24,400,000 1 4 1 ..2549 230,000 661 2

    (IsaacJacob Schmidt) .. 2322- 23903 (Arthur Schopenhauer) The World as will and Representation ..2362 25 - 19

    -... 4

    (Friedrich Zimmermann) - ..2423

    1 REMID.(2549).Religions in Germany.[ Wikipedia (2549).Religions in Germany.()]2 www.buddhanet.net.(2549) Buddhist directory .()3 REMID.(2549).Religions in Germany.[ Wikipedia (2549).Religions in Germany.()]4 () . , 287

  • DOU194

    BuddhistischenKatechismus - ..2431 14

    ..2446 . (KarlSeidenstuecker) - (Society For Buddhist Mission in Germany) (Leip-Zig) . - (Apostle)

    (Anton Walter Florus Gueth) ..2447 (Nyanatiloka Maha Thera) -

    -

  • DOU 195

    The World of the Buddha ..2449 9 10,000 6 28 ..2500 500,000 Independence Square

    (Breslau) ..2452 (German Pali Society) 3 League For Buddhist Life ..2456

    (George Grimm)

    ..2464 . Utting am Ammersee 8 . -

  • DOU196

    .. .

    (Siegmund Feniger) ..2479 (Buddhist Study Circle) (TheWorld Fellowship of Buddhist) (Nyanponika Maha Thera) 1,000,000 70

    (Hermann Oldenburg) - . (Paul Dahlke) 5 . (Wilhelm Geiger) ..2451-2473 (Maya Keller Grimm)-

    . - (Eugen Herrigel)

  • DOU 197

    Zen in the Art of Archery bestseller 40 6 ..2467-2472 ..2479 ..2496 ..2503-2513 1

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    6.2.3. (Russian Federation)

    15 ..2534 7

    1 Agganyani (Christa Bentenrieder). (2545). The Prospects for the Growth of Buddhism in Germany andother Western Countries. ()

    2 Diamond Way Buddhism Worldwide (2549) Diamond Way Buddhism Centerlist : Germany.()3 Tibet Net Homepage (2546). His Holiness the Dalai Lama Visits Germany.()

  • DOU198

    1 Wikipedia. (2549).Religion in the Soviet Union.()2 Wikipedia. (2549).Buddhism in Russia .()3 () . 2, 120.4 .(2549). ? .()

    142,893,540 (..2549)

    700,000 0.5% 1 -2 ..276-312 ...3

    ..1766 4 17 ..2193 (Baikal) (Tuva) - (Buryatia) (Kalmykia)

    ..2347 - . (I.Rizhsky)

  • DOU 199

    1 () . 2, 1232 (Thibow, ..2421-2428) 3 2428

    . (S.Uvarov) The Academy of Science 1

    ..2417 (Ivan Minayev) Studies of Ceylon and India From theTravel Notes of a Russian ..2421 ... - 2

    (FyodorScherbatskoy) Theoryof Knowledge and Logic According to Later Buddhists ..2446

    ..2460 2

  • DOU200

    1 Igor Troyanovsky (2534). Buddhism In Russia. ()2 Wikipedia. (2549).Stalin.()

    -1

    ..2461 ..2462

    ..2466 ..2473 1,000 5 10 2 ..2484-2488 20 10 2

  • DOU 201

    1 All-Russia Center. Wikipedia.(2549).Atheism studies and Statistics.()2 Igor Troyanovsky (2534).Buddhism In Russia. ()

    62 1 4 ..2500 ..2545 32% 1

    ..2528 ..2533 ..2534 15 ..2534 300,000 432 16 70 2

  • DOU202

    6.2.4 (France) (French

    Republic) 61,044,684 (..2549) ..2546 62% 26% (no religion) 74% (atheists, unlikely) GallupInternational 15% 334

    (Eugene Bernouf) Essai sur le Pali ..2369 .. (B.H.Hodgson) British Resident-General (Introduction a Historie duBuddhisme Indien) ..2387

    . (A.Foucher) 7 1 ..2439 Les Scenes Figureers de la legende de Bouddha ..2448 Lart grecobouddhiquedu Gandhara ..2460 . The Beginnings of Buddhist Artand Other Essays

  • DOU 203 1 () . 2, 32, 35

    -(Alexandra David neel) 15 10 5 Buddhism, Its Doctrines and Methods, My Journey to Lhasa, With Mystics and Magicians, Tibetan Journey - -

    - Buddhism and Social Problems Buddhist Review -..2453 ...... ... () ..... ...1

    ..2472 (Constant Lounsbery) (Les Amis du Buddhisme) Buddhist Meditation La PenseeBuddhique .. 2512

  • DOU2041 www.budpage.com (2548). .()

    (Sylvain Lavi) Kuchean - (..2355) Le Nepal (..2450) (Louis De La Vallee Poussin) (..2439) (..2446-2456) (..2459-2460)

    (Thich Nhat Hanh) ( Plum Village) (Engaged Buddhism) 100 1,500,000 - (Tricycle) 1

    ..2525 150 1,000 500 500

  • DOU 205

    5 5 4

    24 24

    25

  • DOU206

    2-3

    6.2.5 (Italian Republic)

    58,751,711 (..2549) 90% 87.8% 36.8% 30.8% 1 2 110,000 110 (Tibetan) 47 37 3 15 4

    1 Wikipedia.(2549). Religion in Italy. ()2

    275 921 (..2548) 16

    3 http://iriz.hanazono.ac.jp(2549). zen_centers. (). 58 centers4 www.buddhanet.net.(2549). Buddhist Directory. ()

  • DOU 207

    16 ..1818-..1834 Description of the World -

    ..1877 - 4 (Nicholas) - () ..1873 Voyages (John Mandeville) ..1908 300 22 ..2013 18

    (Giuseppe de Lorenzo) (Giuseppe Tucci) . ..2414

    . ..2437

  • DOU208

    210 Instituto Italaino Per il Medio Ed Estremo Oriente Rome LaSapienza -

    ..2514 77 2,000 . (Ghangar)

    (Lama Geshe Jampa Gyatso) Institute Lama Tzong Khapa Pomaia ..2519 (The Lama Gangchen World Peace Foundation) (Lama Gangchen) ..2535 (Inner Peace is the Best Foundation for World Peace) 100 23 11

  • DOU 209

    9 5 ..2549 - 16 (dialogue)

    ..2544 Institute Lama Tzong Khapa 3,000 22 150 4 Mr.Claudio Martini (Tuscany Region) 1 ..2544 80

    ..2519 2 (Piero Borri) (Marco Magrini) (Karl Potter) (Marvin Smith)

    ..2519 (Poppiano) (Florence) 60 ..2524 (Daisaku Ikeda) 1 (Renaissance)

  • DOU210

    Il..Nuovo..Rinascimento (The NewRenaissance) ..2525 ..2543 21,000 .. 2541 Toward a Century ofHumanity (Human Rightsin Todays World) 80,000

    ..2542 180,000 435,000 ..2543 2,500 (Leonardo Dominici) 1

    . (U.Lokanatha Thera) ..2468 ..2471 5 13 34 ..2475-2509 3

    1Tamiko kaneda (2543). SGI-Italy : A Youthful Movement. ()

  • DOU 211

    ..2476 ..2482 ..2483

    6.2.6 (United States of America)

    300,080,997 (..2549) ( 76.7%) 24.3% Pew Research Center ..2547 (Non-Religious) 18.5% (30 = 6%) 55,514,984 1 6 55,514,984 60 Wikipedia ..2539 1,000 - 60.7% (Atheists) The U.S. State Departments InternationalReligious Freedom ..2547 1% 3,000,000 1

    ..2416 The Time of Ceylon . ..2423..

    1 Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. (2549). Buddhism in the United States. ()

  • DOU212

    (Buddhist Catechism) ..2424 ..2436 (Parliament of Religions) ... (C.T.S.Strauss) 5 ... (maryMikahala Foster)

    ..2434 - Buddhism Legends The Buddhas Teachings Being The Sutta Nipata or Discourse-Collection (Resoning) ...1

    ..2436 (Soyen Shaku) (JohnHenry Barrows) (World Parliament of Religions)

    1 () . 2, 180

  • DOU 213

    . (Dr.Paul Carus) . . ..2440. .

    . The Gospelof Buddha ..2437 . (Sir Moniermonier Williams)

    . ... 1

    (ErnestShinkaru Hunt) ..2467

    1 () . 2, 190-192

  • DOU214

    ..2475 The International Buddhist Institute of Hawaii (The Western Buddhist Order) 1 - (Dai-osho) -

    ..2475 . (Dwight Goddard) (The Buddhist Bible)

    (Robert Aitken ) The DiamondSangha ..2502 (Chan) Hsuan Hua The Dharma Realm Buddhist Association(DRBA) ..2502 - The GoldMountain Monastery, The City of Ten Thousand Buddhas

    (Sheng-yen) ..2513 The Kwan Um School of Zen ..2515 100

  • DOU 215

    ..2503 40 71 330,000 1

    Geshe Ngawang Wangyal (Gelug) ..2498 Lamaist BuddhistMonastery of America ..2501 Robert Thurman, Jeffrey Hopkins Alexander Berzin

    ..2522 ..2546 ..2540 (Kundun) (Seven Years in Tibet) 2 ..2494 ..2502 Martin Scorsese

    ..2504 8

    1 SGI.(2549).The SGI organization in the United States.()

  • DOU216

    ..2518 - ..2539 15 1 Harvard University, PrincetonUniversity, University of Chicago, University of Virginia

    ..2513 3 ( ) () () 2 19 ..2515 () 29 ..2525 - ..

    6.2.7 (Commonwealth of

    Australia) 6 2 (Canberra) (Darwin) 6 (Sydney)

    1 Robert Topmiller (2539). Buddhism In America.()

  • DOU 217

    (Brisbane) (Adelaide) (Hobart) (Perth) (Melbourne)

    20,555,300 (..2549) ..2544 357,813 ..2549

    1 The Buddhist Council of New South Wales .(2549).Analysis of Religious Growth in Australia.()

    (Australian Capital Territory)

    ..2529 ..2534 ..2539 ..2544 % %

    11,381,900 12,465,644 12,582,764 12,764,341 68.0% 1.5% 80,387 139,847 199,812 357,813 1.9% 79.1% 67,279 95,473 0.5% 41.9% 109,500 147,507 200,885 281,578 1.5% 40.2% () 69,100 74,386 79,805 83,995 0.4% 5.3%

    (New South Wales)

    ..2529 ..2534 ..2539 ..2544 % %

    4,464,926 4,520,334 71.4% 1.0% 35,114 81,908 58,743 147,839 2.3% 80.4% 35,576 51,463 0.8% 44.5% 57,551 77,845 102,288 140,938 2.2% 37.8% () 29,641 32,652 34,597 0.5% 5.3%

  • DOU218

    412 ..2529-25441

    79-80% 1.5% 15 ..2529-2544 - ..2529

    ..2391 (Victorian gold fields) (Gold Rush) ..2399

    ..2410 ..2413 Thursday Island ..2525 500 2

    ..2434

  • DOU 219

    Theosophical Society (AlfredDeakin) 3 3 ..2433

    ..2453 ..2481 (Len Bullen) ..2496 ..2501

    ..2513 (Somaloka) ..2514 Blue Mountains (Sydney) 11 ..2527 -

    1 SGIA History (2549).Soka Gakkai International Australia.() www.buddhanet.net SGI

  • DOU220

    ..2507 6 270 5-10 1

    ..2517 ..2519 Geshe Acharya ThubtenLoden 1,000 3 ..2525 ..2535 ..2539 (John Howard) - www.buddhanet.net 107

    6.3

    24 25 11 ..2544

  • DOU 221

    1

    2 (Crusade)3

    200 ..1639-..1834 4

    1 () . 2, 190-1922 - 3 Crusade Cross 4 (2548)..()

  • DOU222

    %Atheist

    .. 2547 .. 2548 2

    1. 143,782,000 24-48% 34,507,680 - 69,015,3602. 82,425,000 41-49% 33,734,250 - 40,388,2503. 60,424,000 43-54% 25,982,320 - 32,628,9604. 293,028,000 3 - 9% 8,790,840 - 26,822,5205. 60,271,000 31-44% 18,684,010 - 26,519,2406. 32,508,000 19 - 30% 6,176,520 - 9,752,4007. 40,281,000 15 - 24% 6,042,150 - 9,667,4408. 47,732,000 220% 9,546,0009. 58,057,000 6 - 15% 3,483,420 - 8,708,55010. 8,986,000 46 - 85% 4,133,560 - 7,638,10011. 16,318,000 39 - 44% 6,364,020 - 7,179,92012. 10,246,100 54 - 61% 5,328,946 - 6,250,12113. 19,913,000 24 -25% 4,779,120 - 4,978,25014. 10,032,000 32 - 46% 3,210,240 - 4,614,72015. 10,348,000 42 - 43% 4,346,160 - 4,449,640

    / % 894,351,100 29 -38% 175,169,630 - 258,613,471

    1

    1 Zuckerman, Phil. (2548) Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns, chapter in The Cambridge Companionto Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK www.adherents.com (2005)The Largest Atheist / Agnostic Populations.()2 2 (Atheist) (Agnostic)

  • DOU 223

    6 6 6

    7

  • DOU224

  • DOU 225

    7

  • DOU226

    7

    7.1 7.2

  • DOU 227

    2,500 -

    9

    2

    1.

    2. 4

  • DOU228

  • DOU 229

    7

    7.1 2,500

    9

    () () 1,700

    9

  • DOU230

    2

    1.

    2.

    - 4

  • DOU 231

    7.2

    www.buddhanet.net 623-543 B.C.E.1 543 2550 2007 565-485 B.C.E. .. ..2492 ..2550 58 .. 58

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    58 2 1) 218 2) 267

    485 (218+267 = 485) 2007 2492 (2007+485)

    ..

    1 B.C.E = Before common Era Before the Christian Era

  • DOU232

    600

    * (565-485 B.C.E.) 623-543 B.C.E.

    * - [Cyrus the Great, 550 B.C.E.]* (551-479 B.C.E.)* (550 B.C.E.)

    500

    * 1 (485 B.C.E. ..1) 3 *

    * (469-399 B.C.E.)* (490-479 B.C.E.)* (469-399 B.C.E.)* (427-347 B.C.E.)

    400

    * 2 (..100) 100 *

    * (384-322 B.C.E.)* (356-323 B.C.E.) (327 B.C.E.)

    300

    * (..218-255) 9 * 3 (..236) * * (..239)

    * (250 B.C.E.)* [Hadrian, ]

    ..

  • DOU 233

    200

    * (..286)* * (..611) (..601-618)

    * (Sanchi) * (..337-763)1

    100

    * (..451-454)* :

    * (01B.C.E. Mar 1)* (100-44 B.C.E.)* (Virgil) (70-19 B.C.E.)

    1(..1-100)

    * 4 (..643)4 - (..621-644)* (..643) (..693)* *

    * (..0-33 )* (..70)*

    2

    * (..693) (The Middle Way = )

    * * ..185 112

    1 www.geocities.com (2549) Dynasty / ()

  • DOU234

    * * (Maitreyanatha)* (Persia)

    3

    4

    * (..853-933) (..963-1043) * * (..887-956) [Hui-yuan, ..877-959] * (..915)

    * 2 (..375-415) * [Saint Augustine, ..354-430]

    5

    * * (Visuddhimagga) * * (..942-957)* * (..976)*

    * * (.. 437)* (.. 476)

    * 3 (..220-265)* (..312)

  • DOU 235

    6

    * (..1069)* (..1132-1160) * (Tien-tai), (Hua-yen), * (..1081) (..1137)* * (Khusru) [Persian, ..1074-1122]

    * (..570-632)* (..630-725)* (..600)

    7

    * (..1184-1193)* (..1149-1190) *

    * (..700-800)* (..618-906)

    8

    * 6 (Jojisu) (Kusha) (Sanron) (Hosso) (Ritsu) (Kegun)* * * (Nyingma) * (Borobudur Temple) * (Syrian) (Arabic) Kalilag and Damnag

    * (..710-784)* (Sam-ye) (..749)* (..760)

  • DOU236

    9

    * (Angkor Wat) * [Saicho,..1310-1365] (Tendai) [Kukai, ..1317- 1378] (Shingon) * (..1388) (Saint John of Damascus) Balaam Josaphat

    * (Heian) (..794-1185)* : (Diamond Sutra) (..868)

    10

    * (..1526) (Szechuan edition)* (..1443-1543)* (..1443-1543)

    * (..960-1279)* ..1000 200

    11

    * [Anawrahta,..1587-1620] * [Atisha,..1525-1597] (..1585)* (..1555-1640) (Kargyu) * [Milarepa,..1583-1666] * (Anuradhapura) * (Sakya) * *

    * (..1000-1100)* (..1054)* (Crusades) 1 (..1096-1099)

  • DOU 237

    12

    * * [Honen,..1676-1755] (Pure Land) * [ Eisai,..1684-1758] (Rinsai-Zen) * ..1736 () ()* (Koryo) (..1683-1933)

    * (Omar Khayyam) (..1044-1123)* ..1119 (Bologna) * ..1150 * (Kamakura) (..1192-1338)

    13

    * (..1716-1806) * (..1743-1796) * (..1765-1796) * * *

    * [Francis of Assisi, ..1181-1226]* (..1215)* [Thomas Aquinas, ..1225-1274] * (..1279)

    14

    * (Bu-ston) * ( ..1903)* * [Tsong-Kha-Pa,..1900-1962] (Gelugpa)

    * [John Wyclife, ..1328-1384] * (..1368)

  • DOU238

    15

    * (Ankor wat) ( 20)

    * * (..1452-1519)* (, ..1492)

    * (..1564-1616)* (..1633-1642)

    16

    17

    * (..2146-2410)* [Hakuin, ..2229-2312] (Rinzai Zen)

    * (..1639)* (..1642)

    18

    * * (Kirti Sri Rajasinha)

    * 18 * (..1776)* (..1789-1802)

    * (Gelugpa) [Altan Khan ..2121]* 5 (Shunzhi)

    19

    * * (..2405)* ( ..2405)* * ..2395 (Neumann)

    * () (..1868)* (..1833)* (..1861-1865)

  • DOU 239

    (Odlenburg) * (Nyanatiloka)* (..2396)* 5 729 (..2411-2414)

    20

    * (..2450)* (..2446)* (Taisho Shinshu Daizokyo) (..2467-2472)* (..2493)* [World Fellowship of Buddhists, ..2495]* 6 (..2497-2499)* 25 * (..2502)* * (..2509)* (Sakya) (..2514)* (..2503)* (His Holiness Dalai lama) (..2532)

    * (..1869-1948)* 1 (..1914-1918)* (..1917-1922)* (Ernest Rutherford) (..1919)* 2 (..1939-1945)* (..1966)* (..1989)* 2 (..1995)

  • DOU240

    7 7 7

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