Download - Open Source Recife
Open Source 2.0Da adolescência para o mundo dos negócios
II Encontro de SL de PernambucoRecife, 23 de abril de 2008
Cezar TaurionGerente de Novas Tecnologias AplicadasIniciativas Estratégicas IBM Brasil/Open Source [email protected]/developerworks/blogs/page/ctaurion
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• Kernel de sistema operacional baseado no MINIX, desenvolvido originalmente
• por Linus Torvalds, aluno da Universidade de Helsinki (Finlândia) em meados de 1991.
Era uma vez...
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� Nossa Estratégia Linux: Como e quandocomeçou?
� Jikes (1998)
� Relatório apresentado aoCorporate Technology Council, março de 1999
� Marco na indústria: anúncio no Linux World 2001 (1 bilhão de US$ nos próximos 3 anos)...
� Diversas Iniciativas Importantes: Eclipse,
Apache, Cloudscape, Gluecode…
�Doação de 500 Patentes de Software : “it is
hoped that other patent holders will join
IBM in establishing a patent commons for the
benefit of OSS and to encourage innovation.”
Comprometimento da IBM com Linux e Open Source
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�12/2004: IBM revolutionized the industry and “opened up” the POWER hardware platform with Power.org. Later, IBM, Sony and Toshiba also collaborated on the Cell Broadband Engine processor
Power.org: Collaboration around open POWER platform has led to exciting innovations
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IBM contributes to 150+ OSS projects
More than 1000 developers involved in OSS projects
IBM leads 80+ OSS projects
1999 / 2000
� IBM forms Linux Technology Center
� Leads Apache projects Xerces(XML4J), Xalan, SOAP
� Creates OSI-approved IBM Public License
� Strategic participation in Mozilla
� IBM becomes founding member of OSDL
2001
� Linux contributions to networking, serviceability, performance
� Mods to Apache 2.0 HTTP server
� Founder of Eclipse.org –contributing Platform
� Common Public License approved – used by Eclipse
� Creates internal bazaar using OSS methodology
2002
� Linux contributions to scalability (8-way+), reliability (stress testing, defect mgmt, doc)
� Leads Apache Web Services projects WSIF and WSIL
� Leads Eclipse projects GEF (editing), EMF (modeling), XSD (XML Schema)
� IBM contributes eServer support for Globus Toolkit 2x
2003
� IBM and SuSEachieve EAL2+ Common Criteria security cert
� Leads Apache projects Pluto (Portlet API) and WSRP4J (Remote Portal)
� Leads Eclipse projects Hyades (testing), Visual Editor, AspectJ, Equinox rich client
� Globus Toolkit 3 contributions for OGSA, OGSI
2004-2006
� IBM and Novell/SuSE achieve EAL4+ and COE compliance
� Eclipse becomes independent org –IBM contributes UML2, Web Tools, Voice Tools
� Globus Toolkit 4 is WS-I compliant
� Pledged 500 Patents to Open Source
� Partner with Zend PHP
� IBM enhances Apache partnership
- Contributes Derby database
- Helps Derby graduate from
incubation- Contributes voice recognition
- Supports Geronimo J2EE project
- Acquires Gluecode for skills
� Firefox accessibility contribution
� Aperi project founding member
� Open AJAX initiative
Nossa história no mundo Linux e Open Source...
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IBM Linux Technology Center (LTC)
Development team for all server and software platforms and other key initiatives, such as:
•Real Time Linux
•Security: EAL certifications, Trusted Computing, SELinux, sHype
•Linux on POWER, Linux on Cell,
Linux for System z and z/VM
•Virtualization: Xen/KVM,
APV support
•Systems Management: kdump,
SystemTap
Technical liaison to IBM's customersand Linux Distribution Partners
Make LinuxBetter
Enable IBMProducts
Expand LinuxReach
LTC:Over 600 developers 40+ locations100+ projects
Linux Technology Center
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Mas, o que é Open Source?
Open Source
Inovação do processo
de desenvolvimento
Modelos de negócios
“I think Linus’s cleverest and most consequential hack was notthe construction of the Linux kernel itself, but rather hisinvention of the Linux development model”. Eric Raymond, “The Cathedral and the Bazaar”
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Desenvolvimento colaborativo: o fenômeno Wikipedia (//en.wikipedia.org)
� Imaginem um projeto com as seguintes características:
� Aglutinar todo conhecimento humano
� Autoria colaborativa
� Dezenas de línguas (+2.331.000 verbetes em inglês e + 271.000 em português)
� Manter histórico das atualizações, acesso rápido, flexível nas atualizações e inserções de verbetes (1500 verbetes por dia), alta demanda (um dos dez sites mais visitados)
� Como gerenciar este projeto na forma tradicional?
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Gênesis
Primeira
versão
Versão
estável
Novas
features
Versão
terminalVariantes
Primeiroscontribuidores
Cria-se comunidade
Governança formal
Processos de revisão
Mais contribuidores
Divergências de
direcionamento
Comunidade desiste de
evoluir o software
Variantes podemcontinuar
evoluindo
Split off para novo projeto
Liderança
reconhecida
Desenvolvimento Colaborativo
Modelo Bazaar
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Requirement
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Testing
Integration
Release
Post delivery management
Not Form
al
Estudo de caso: Comparando Processo de Desenvolvimento entre sistema proprietário e Linux
Proprietário: Design oriented Open Source: Implementation oriented engineering
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Características do desenvolvimento colaborativo
Web Infrastructure
Peer review
Short feedback loop
Scalable division of labor
Transparency
No Over-engineering
Recorded-data High modularity and reuse
Distributed community User-developers
Prior-art use
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Open Source: Desenvolvimento ColaborativoExemplo do Kernel 2.6.24
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Open Source: Desenvolvimento ColaborativoExemplo do Kernel 2.6.24
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Open Source: Desenvolvimento Colaborativo
IBM Linux Technology Center
$50M/yr IBM Unique
$50M/yr Common
$100M/yr Total
Non-IBM Commercial Linux Development Expenses
(e.g. Intel, Nokia, Hitachi, etc.)
$450M – 700M Company Unique
$450M – 700M Common
$900M – 1,400M Total
Non-IBM
Commercial
Source: IBM figures: IBM Software Group; External figures: Open Source Development Laboratory
IBM
One fifth of the cost of an
independent IBM approach
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ProposedRequirements
Submit Bug &Enhancement
Reports
Decide on and code
Bugs or Enhancements
Vote on Patches
Vote on New Features
Determine FeaturesOf New Release
Problem ReportsIn Bugzilla
Developer Distribution Source Code
Patches
ProposedFeatures
Users
Developers
Committers
Developers
Patches Revoked?
Release Manager
Program Management Committee
Develop NewRelease
Final TestingOn Their own
Server
GeneralAvailability
Apache HTTPDApache HTTPDApache HTTPDApache HTTPDRelease ProcessRelease ProcessRelease ProcessRelease Process
Decision
To Commit
Patches Released
Alpha Testing
Alpha Build
Beta Testing
Beta Build
Developers
Final DecisionOn what goes in
Source Code
Release Manager
Diagram from Michele Rousseau of UCI
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Quais são nossos objetivos com Open Source?
1. Inovação: Incrementar e explorar o “caldo cultural” de inovação nascomunidades (inteligência coletiva)
3. Otimizar: Capturar e transformarinovações open source em valor paranossos clientes
2. Contribuição: Ser um player estratégicoperante as comunidades open source, tanto como contribuidor comoconsumidor de tecnologia
4. Crescer: Alavancar open source paraobter novos usuários, entrar em novosmercados e expandir oportunidades de negócio
Community Innovation
Contribute
Enhance
Su
pp
ort
Inte
gra
te
Embed Layer Extend
Participate .. Donate ...Sponsor..
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ApacheEcl
ipse
Om
niF
ind
Yah
oo
!
Ed
ition
WAS CommunityEdition
Eclipse Elite
Support
Lo
tus E
xp
ed
ito
r Geronimo,Tuscany,Axis D
erb
y,
Lu
cen
e
WAS ND
DB
2 E
xp
ress-C
Rational SDP
Lo
tus N
ote
s, S
am
etim
e
Eclip
se
RC
P
Eclipse
IBM
Sto
rage
Ap
eri,
Co
sm
os
Glo
bus
To
talS
tora
ge
Pro
du
ctiv
ity C
trO
pen
So
urc
eS
up
po
rtG
TS
/ G
BS
Off
eri
ng
s
Web ApplicationServers
InformationManagement
SoftwareDevelopment
ClientCollaboration
SystemsManagement
Open Source Services
Open Grid Offerings
OpenHardware Platforms
Power.orgBlade.org
Globus
System I, p, BladeCtr
IBM Servers IBM Grid
IBM
Serv
icesO
SS
Off
eri
ng
sIBM Grid
Solutions
Ecossistema Open Source na IBM…
Mozilla
Initiative Areas
Private Source based
Offerings
Open Source based Offerings
Open Source Projects
Open Source
Communities
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Eclipse project launched
Eclipse becomes independent entity
2001 2004
Companies “Eat their own Cooking” (including IBM
Software Group)
8 Members
70 Members
140+ Members
~2.5M Java IDE Users (market
leading)
Eclipse Rel 1.0
Eclipse Rel 2.0
Eclipse Rel 3.0
Software Development and Client Collaboration: Eclipse started as a development IDE but has become a leading cross-platform client runtime environment with Eclipse RCP
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Key Benefits � Open Source Solution that is on track to be adopted by the Linux Mainline�Open Real Time Stack: RT Linux- RTSJ & RT GC RT Java- x86 Blades�Reduced Risk and Reduced Total Cost of Ownership
Solution�Real Time Linux – Led by the IBM Linux Technology Center and built on the work of Red Hat and Open Source Community�IBM System x and BladeCenter based solution�Fully preemptive kernel, reducing critical path latencies�Priority inheritance enabled kernel and userspace locking
Challenge�Build a Real Time Linux Operating System that would compliment the RT Java to meet the performance demands of the DDG-1000 program while working with the Linux Community to mainline the enhancements.
DDG 1000
Zumwalt Class
* http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/micro_stories.pl?ACCT=149999&TICK=RTN&STORY=/www/story/02-06-2007/0004521277&EDATE=Feb+6,+2007
Linux em Real Time
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Impacto do Open Source na indústria de softwareR
eceit
aC
usto
s/in
vesti
men
tos
ProduçãoManutenção/atualizaçõesVendas, marketing e suporte
Disponibilidade do produto
Receita sem Open Source
Surge equivalente Open Source
Receita com Open Source
Obsolescência do produto
PesquisaDesenvolvimentoTestes alfa/beta
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It’s not “proprietary or open,” it’s “and”
Proprietary Innovation
Advantages:
Product / offering uniqueness
Speed-to-Market
OpenInnovation
Advantages:
Cost / value scale
Option value / scope
Differentiation Standardization
IBMLeadership
Collaboration
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Coexistência dos modelos de negócio baseados em open source e softwares proprietários : a indústria e o mercado estão buscando o ponto de equilíbrio...
Totalmente
OpenTotalmente
Proprietário
Onde se posicionar?
Direção daIndústria e mercado
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The mix will change over time…
Open,
standardized
Proprietary,
differentiated
As this gets bigger
This can as well, but
requires innovation
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Adoção pelo mercado
Matu
ridade
cre
scente
Fonte: IBM, Fevereiro 2008
OperatingSystems
DevelopmentToolsApplication
Servers
Web Servers
Databases
SystemsManagement
Open Hardware
SOA
Client Collaboration
WebBrowsers
Enterprise Search
Emergente
Maduro
Services
Grid / OGF
Open Source : ciclo de maturidade e adoção
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Modelos de negócio de Open Source
Cost Reduction Direct Revenue Influenced Revenue
Pro
prie
tary
Co
mm
un
ityO
pe
nC
om
mu
nity
Patronage Strategy
Subscription Strategy
Embedded Strategy
Extend and Enhance Strategy
Layering Strategy
Hosted Strategy
Consulting Strategy
Dual License Strategy
OptimizationStrategy
IBM Non-IBM
Tools, Server Vendors
ProprietaryDatabaseVendor
Search Vendor
Open Source DB Vendor
Open Source Development
Vendor
Open Source App Server
Vendor
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Open Source gera Dinheiro!!!Ecosistema Open Source e LInux
1. Segundo IDC o ecossistema Linux (hardware, software e serviços) totalizou US$ 21 bilhões em 2007 e deverá crescer até US$ 49 bilhões em 2011.
2. “The Linux ecosystem has strong long-term prospects, with the overall ecosystem spend projected to increase from $21 billion in 2007 to $49 billion 2011. The shifts highlighted in this paper will help drive that trend forward at healhty rate, as users incresinglyuse Linux as key business solution for today’s IT challenges”
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Open Source abre novos mercados, antes inatingíveis…
� Open Source permite a indústria de software entrar no mercado “Long Tail”,
inacessível antes devido ao custo de produção, distribuição/comercialização,
manutenção...
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O contexto da evolução da internet
Web 3DWeb 1.0 Web 2.0
Páginasinformativas com texto e gráficos
Usuários gerando conteúdo, blogs, wikis, mashupsvisando compartilhar
Ambiente altamente social, criado pelo
usuário
Co
nte
úd
o
Acesso ParticiparBusca Colaborar Co-Criação
Comunicação, RH, Compras, Marketing,
Treinamento
Colaboração, Treinamento ,
Marketing
Desenvolvimento de Produtos/ Serviços,
Otimização do Trabalho, Educação,
ComunidadesNe
gó
cio
s
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EconomicSocial
Technology
Web 2.0
Web 2.0 is a set of economic, social, and technology trends that collectively form the basis for the next generation of the Internet - a more mature, distinctive medium characterized by user participation, openness, and network effects.
Source: Web 2.0 Best Practices and Principles, O’Reilly Radar
O que é a Web 2.0?
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Web 2.0 : Internet como “The Platform”
The Web
as
“The Platform”
Tools: RSS, AJAX, PHP,
Ruby
Services, not packaged software
Architectural participation
Small pieces loosely joined, or
“re-mixed”
Harnessing collective
intelligence
Software that gets better as more people use it
Standards: REST, XHTML
Techniques: Mash-up, wiki,
tagging, blogging
Rich user experiences
Light-weight programming
models
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Wired Magazine: Open Source Software Made Developers Cool. Now It Can make Them Rich.
1. Em 2007, cerca de 30 companhiasOpen Source foram compradas porum valor acumulado de mais de um bilhão de dólares. O dobro do queocorreu em 2005.
2. Em 2008 as coisas começamaquecidas…MySQL pela Sun, EnterpriseDB por varios investidores, incluindo IBM, Nokia pagando 153 milhões de dólares pela TrollTech…
3. “I think the software-licence business model is archaic…I wouldn’t fund a company with that model, and I don’t think anyone else would., either.”. Frase de Kevin Harvey, VC daBenchmark Capital, que recentementeinvestiu no MySQL e na Zimbra (quedepois foi adquirida pela Yahoo por350 milhões de dólares)…
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Open Source: oportunidades inovadoras!
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Open Source é Estratégia de Negócios na IBM
Sam Palmisano, President and CEO, IBM
�“Open source is a method of tapping a community of experts to develop useful things. It began in software, but applies broadly, and is anything but anti-capitalist. It can raise quality at reduced costs, and vastly expands opportunities for profit. In a sense, open source fuels innovation much the way science fuels technology. Science is created by communities of experts, whose fundamental discoveries are typically made available to all, including individuals and companies that are able to capitalize on the new knowledge in novel ways. For IBM, the open-source model is familiar territory, given our long track record in the sciences.”
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Comentário final…
�After hearing IBM discuss open source at an event, one
analyst recently remarked that “twenty years from now, when MBA types look back on the rise of open source
software and ponder retrospectively its impact on the technology industry, I’d be willing to bid a tidy sum that
IBM will be one of the first and most important case studies they read”
Cezar Taurion
Open Source Evangelist
Visitem meu blog em:
www.ibm.com/developerworks/blogs/page/ctaurion
Obrigado pelo interessee atenção