O Ressalto no Basquetebol
Análise em função das áreas de lançamento e do
número de jogadores que nele participam em equipas
masculinas de alto rendimento
Roberto Lampert Ribas
2011
O Ressalto no Basquetebol
Análise em função das áreas de lançamento e do
número de jogadores que nele participam em equipas
masculinas de alto rendimento
Dissertação apresentada com vista à obtenção
do grau de Mestre em Treino de Alto
Rendimento Desportivo (Decreto Lei n.º 216/92,
13 de Outubro), sob orientação do Professor
Doutor Fernando Tavares.
Roberto Lampert Ribas
Porto, Junho de 2011
Ficha de Catalogação
Roberto Lampert Ribas
Ficha de Catalogação
Ribas, R. L. (2011). O Ressalto no Basquetebol: Análise em função das áreas
de lançamento e do número de jogadores que nele participam em equipas
masculinas de alto rendimento. Porto: Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada
à Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto.
Palavras-Chave: RESSALTO, LANÇAMENTO, LADO DO RESSALTO,
NÚMERO DE DEFENSORES, NÚMERO DE ATACANTES.
Dedicatória
_____________________________________________________________________________
Roberto Lampert Ribas i
Dedicatória
Aos meus pais…Maria Lúcia e Jorge
E aos meus irmãos…Rodrigo e Fernanda
O amor de vocês por mim, me faz levantar todas manhãs e fazer sempre o melhor possível, simplesmente para orgulhar vocês…
A minha melhor amiga e companheira…Michele Souza
Tu teres feito parte deste processo, só me fez crescer. Espero evoluir ainda mais do teu lado…logo estaremos juntos novamente…TEPS
Agradecimentos
_____________________________________________________________________________
Roberto Lampert Ribas iii
Agradecimentos
Chegar ao fim desta jornada significa muito para a minha pessoa.
Quando iniciamos a vida acadêmica, tudo parece estar tão distante e sempre
pensamos que talvez não tenhamos capacidade de atingir determinados
objetivos. O fato é que o objetivo foi alcançado e eu gostaria de agradecer
imensamente a inúmeras pessoas.
Primeiramente aos meus pais, que apesar de estarem longe a maioria
do tempo durante esse processo, sempre me passaram confiança e serenidade
para tomar decisões. O amor que sinto por vocês, apesar de muitas vezes não
demonstrá-lo, é algo que não tenho como explicar com palavras, simplesmente
isso. Aos meus irmãos, posso apenas dizer que nosso companheirismo será
eterno e tenho absoluta convicção que estaremos unidos para sempre. Nossos
momentos juntos são sempre divertidos e inesquecíveis.
Agradeço ao meu orientador Fernando Tavares, apesar do nosso pouco
convívio juntos, me apoiou em todos momentos, sempre me ajudando no
possível e necessário para que eu chegasse até aqui. Suas correções foram de
extrema valia e as discussões que tivemos sobre basquetebol me inspiram a
querer estudar cada vez mais, para desenvolver o desporto que amamos.
Agradeço a toda minha família, que sempre me apoiou e, muitas vezes,
tomaram conta de mim como se fossem meus próprios pais. Alguns nomes
são: Tia Clary, Tio Elimar, Vó Generina, Marcos, Mateus, Vicky (um muito
obrigado pelas correções no inglês dos artigos), Edisson, Ana, Luisa,
Fernando, Raquel, Laura, Beto, Carmen Lúcia, Roberta, Daniel, Tio Osmar,
Dona Ida, Rose, Henrique, Tio Lousada, Tia Carmen, Tia Maria, Lu, Tio Jorge,
Suzana, André, Camila, Tia Neli, Tio João, Paty e Caio. Agradeço também a
minha bisavó, praticamente não lembro dela, mas tenho certeza que está
sempre presente comigo nos momentos mais complicados. Uma lembrança
especial, também, aos meus padrinhos Marco e Loiva e ao seu filho Fernando,
apesar da distância tenho certeza que querem o meu melhor.
Agradecimentos
_____________________________________________________________________________
Roberto Lampert Ribas iv
Um agradecimento a toda família Souza, em especial ao Seu Júlio, Dona
Sandra, Jeane e Vinícius. Sei que posso contar sempre com vocês e,
obviamente, estou sempre a disposição para ajudar a comer um churrasco.
Agradeço aos grandes amigos (irmãos que escolhi) que fiz até hoje
nessa minha jornada: Gilliano, Carlos Roberto, Texugo, Adriano, Andrigo,
Ivson, César, Éverson e Márcio. Aos companheiros de Portugal, Luciano, Dê e
agora Henrique, um abraço mais que especial. A ajuda de vocês foi
inesquecível e essencial. Agradeço aos gáuchos do Porto, Tuba, Paula
(portuga-gaúcha??), Rafa e agora Mariana, Éverton, Vitória, Rafa e Edu. Um
abraço para o grande amigo que fiz durante a minha estada no Porto, Marcelo
Peduzzi, o seu companheirismo foi algo inestimável, nossas reflexões sobre a
vida escutando GOG foram de grande aprendizado para mim. Agradeço a
Raquel pelo companheirismo e por cuidar agora da Michele por mim. Uma
lembrança ao Rafael Nascimento e sua família. Agradeço, também, a todos
colegas de Mestrado, Paulo, Rafa, Thiago Gordo, Gleudson, Bernardo e
Amanda.
Aos espanhóis, Rafael Navarro e Miguél Ángel, o seu apoio durante a
minha estada em Madrid foi algo que vou guardar eternamente. Ajudar pessoas
que mal conhecemos, creio que é algo muito nobre e que mostra o nosso
caráter. Agradeço também a todos professores da UFRGS, em especial ao
prof. Leonardo Tartaruga, pelo apoio constante e grande amizade em todos
momentos.
Agradeço em especial ao Grêmio F.B.PA., pela oportunidade de
trabalhar e mostrar que sou capaz. Aos meu colegas de trabalho diário, Thiago
Duarte, irmão que começou junto comigo e como sempre dizemos,
terminaremos juntos. Ao Lucas Oliveira, pelo apoio e serenidade, a seleção já é
pouco pra ti, tu merece muito mais. Thiagão Herrera, pelo companheirismo e
pelas broncas que levamos juntos. Ao Marcelo Koslowsky pela amizade e pelo
bom humor constante. Ao Gustavão, pela sua prontidão em ajudar,
Agradecimentos
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Roberto Lampert Ribas v
principalmente sobre os contratos dos jogadores. Agradeço, também, ao
Gerente de Futebol, Cícero Souza, que me liberou para apresentar a
Dissertação, tua serenidade me deixa perplexo, espero aprender ainda mais
contigo.
Um grande agradecimento ao FC Porto, em especial ao Coach Rui
Vanzeller, que foi um belo professor. Agradeço, também, ao Serginho e aos
atletas que me ajudaram a crescer como profissional e pessoa.
Obviamente, a última pessoa que agradeço é a minha eterna
companheira, amiga, irmã, mãe, namorada, e tudo o que for possível, Michele
Souza. Jamais aprendi tanto com alguém como aprendi contigo. Creio que logo
vamos estar juntos e viver novamente tudo que vivemos. Palavras aqui não
conseguem expressar minimamente o que sinto por ti. Espero que tudo que
planejamos e sonhamos juntos realmente aconteça. Torço diariamente por
isso.
Gostaria de deixar um pensamento muito pessoal que venho tendo a
muito tempo: Na nossa vida, tudo é emprestado, um dia teremos que devolver
tudo e a única coisa que vamos levar daqui, é uma consciência tranquila e o
conhecimento adquirido.
Índice Geral _____________________________________________________________________________
Roberto Lampert Ribas 1
Índice Geral
Dedicatória.……………………………………………………..………………......... I
Agradecimentos………………………………………………………….................. III
Índice Geral…………………………………………………………………………… 1
Índice de Tabelas………………………………………………………………......... 3
Índice de Figuras...............................................................................................
Resumo…………………………………………………..………………..................
5
7
Abstract……………………………………………………..…………...................... 9
Lista de Abreviaturas e Símbolos………………………………………………….. 11
Capítulo 1
Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação
Introdução Geral…………………………………………………….. 15
Estrutura da Dissertação…………………...………………..…….. 20
Referências Bibliográficas…………………………………..…..…. 20
Capítulo 2
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level ba sketball
games …………………..……………………………..……………..
23
Artigo aceite para publicação (Agosto/2011) na International
Journal of Performance Analysis of Sport (UK)
Ribas RL, Navarro RM, Tavares F, Gómez MA
Capítulo 3
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound
situations in Euroleague basketball
games …………………………………………….…………………...
39
Artigo submetido à revista The Open Sports Sciences Journal
Ribas RL, Navarro RM, Tavares F, Gómez MA
Capítulo 4
Síntese e Conclusões Finais ……………………………………
53
Índice de Tabelas _____________________________________________________________________________
Roberto Lampert Ribas 3
Índice de Tabelas
Capítulo 1
Tabela 1 - Capítulos da dissertação e seus principais objetivos …..……… 20
Capítulo 2
Table 1 – Analysis of Same Side and Opposite Side………………….….. 32
Capítulo 3
Tabela 1- Analysis of situations in rebounds……………………………….. 46
Índice de Figuras _____________________________________________________________________________
Roberto Lampert Ribas 5
Índice de Figuras
Capítulo 1
Figura 1 – Zones of the court......................................................…..……… 30
Figura 2 – Zones of field-goals and side of rebound................................... 30
Figura 3 – Field-goals distribution (recount and %).....................…..……… 31
Figura 4 – Rebounds distribution (recount and %).....................…..……… 31
Resumo _____________________________________________________________________________
Roberto Lampert Ribas 7
Resumo
De todas as variáveis presentes no jogo de basquetebol, o ressalto pode
ser considerado uma das mais importantes para predizer vencedores e
perdedores. Diversos estudos realizam análise discriminatória e encontram
nessa variável, um aspecto fundamental para se vencer o jogo, porém poucos
estudos analisam o ressalto de uma forma mais profunda, ou seja, o que fazer
para ter uma boa performance nesse aspecto.
Dessa forma, os objetivos da presente dissertação de mestrado foram: i)
identificar se existe diferença entre o lado do ressalto quando a tentativa de
lançamento ocorre de três diferentes zonas; ii) identificar a influência do
número de jogadores envolvidos na disputa do ressalto. Para realizar isso,
foram analisados 48 jogos correspondentes a fase Top 16 da Euroliga de
Clubes da temporada de 2009-2010. Fizeram parte da análise um total de 4548
lançamentos que geraram 2170 ressaltos. Para se evitar inconsistências,
alguma ações foram excluídas da análise: lançamentos bloqueados, ressaltos
onde a bola ia direto para fora da quadra de jogo, lançamento com falta,
segundas tentativas de lançamento e ressalto que gerasse bola presa.
Os principais resultados do presente estudo foram: i) quando os
lançamentos acontecem dentro do garrafão, o mesmo lado possui um maior
número de ressaltos estatisticamente significativos que o lado contrário; ii)
aproximadamente 91% dos ressaltos ocorrem dentro do garrafão; iii) quando o
número de jogadores que disputam o ressalto é igual, a defesa não ganha um
maior número de ressaltos estatisticamente significativos que o ataque; iv)
sempre que ocorre superioridade para a defesa (1, 2 e 3 jogadores) ou para o
ataque (1 jogador), existe diferença estatisticamente significativa para a
superioridade; v) situação de superioridade numérica ganha de uma forma
estatisticamente siginificativa mais ressaltos que situação de inferioridade.
Treinadores e pesquisadores podem utilizar tais informações encontradas no
presente estudo, para melhorar treinamentos e a performance durante os
jogos.
Resumo _____________________________________________________________________________
Roberto Lampert Ribas 8
Palavras-Chave: Ressalto, Análise de Jogo, Basquetebol, Número de
Jogadores no Ressalto, .Tentativa de Lançamento
Abstract _____________________________________________________________________________
Roberto Lampert Ribas 9
Abstract
Of all the variables in the game of basketball, the rebound can be
considered one of the most important in predicting winners and losers. Several
studies performed discriminant analysis and found in this variable, a key aspect
to winning the game, but few studies analyzed the rebound in a deeply way, in
other words, what to do to perform well in this aspect of the game.
Thus, the objectives of this dissertation are: i) identify if there was any
difference between the side of the rebound when attempt occurs from three
different zones, ii) identify the influence of number of players involved in dispute
of rebound. To accomplish this, were analyzed 48 games the corresponding to
the 2009-2010 Top 16 of the Euroleague. Analysis were part of a total of 4548
releases that generated 2170 rebounds. To avoid inconsistencies some actions
were excluded from analysis: blocked shots, free throws attempted that did not
touch the rim or the backboard, shooting foul, when the rebound went directly to
out of bounds, second attempted field goal and held ball in the rebound.
The main results of this study were: i) when shoots were taken inside the
paint, the same side had statistically significant more percentage of rebounds
than the opposite side, ii) near 91% of all rebounds were obtained inside the
paint while there were no rebounds in three point zone; iii) when the number of
players is equal, defense had no statistically significant more rebounds than
offense; iv) wherewhen defense had superiority of 1, 2 and 3 players, it had
statistically significant more rebounds than offense; iii) when offense had
superiority of 1 player, it had statistically significant more rebounds than
defense, v) situations of superiority had statistically significant more rebounds
than inferiority.
Coaches and researches should be aware of this kind of information to
enhance practices and games performance.
Abstract _____________________________________________________________________________
Roberto Lampert Ribas 10
Keywords : Rebound, Game Analysis, Basketball, Number of Players in the
Rebound, Field Goal Attempt
Lista de Abreviaturas e Símbolos
Roberto Lampert Ribas 11
Lista de Abreviaturas e Símbolos
UK – United Kingdom
SD – Standard Deviation
NBA – National Basketball Association
ex – Example
SPSS – Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
e.g. – exempli gratia
% - percentual
Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação
Roberto Lampert Ribas 15
Capítulo 1Capítulo 1Capítulo 1Capítulo 1
Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação
Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação
Roberto Lampert Ribas 17
INTRODUÇÃO GERAL
A identificação dos aspectos que influenciam a performance individual e
coletiva é uma das preocupações das comissões técnicas e de pesquisadores
que investigam na área da análise de jogo. A análise da performance em
esportes com bola, como o basquetebol, é uma ferramenta fundamental para
treinadores, permitindo que eles tenham informação válida e confiável sobre as
suas próprias equipas e seus oponentes (Ibánez et al.,2009). A análise
quantitativa do desempenho em jogos de basquetebol, particularmente
estatísticas de jogo, são usadas entre treinadores com o objetivo de analisar os
eventos do jogo e adquirir mais dados sobre a performance da equipa e
jogadores (Sampaio & Janeira, 2003). Indicadores de performance são usados
frequentemente para definir equipas vencedoras e perdedoras. Para construir a
melhor estratégia, tomar decisões táticas racionais e aumentar o desempenho
da equipa, treinadores devem conhecer quais os elementos que são mais
críticos e que mais distinguem vencedores e perdedores dentro de uma partida
(Csataljay et al., 2009).
O feedback é um fator crucial na melhora do desempenho em vários
esportes. Muitos treinadores usam o feedback visual em suas tentativas de
melhorar o rendimento de seus atletas. O feedback em forma de vídeo é a
forma mais popular de tecnologia usada neste tipo de análise (Garefis et al.,
2007). Para se ter um feedback adequado, é preciso saber exatamente quais
são as variáveis que devem ser analisadas. Algumas das variáveis mais
importantes para se analizar são as ações realizadas pelos atletas e equipas
em competições reais, geralmente designadas como estatísticas de jogos
(Gómez et al., 2008).
No jogo de basquetebol, inúmeros aspectos podem ser considerados
essenciais, porém pesquisadores que utilizam amostras de competições
européias em seus estudos, identificaram a boa performance do ressalto
defensivo e o percentual de lançamentos como estatísticas associadas às
Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação
Roberto Lampert Ribas 18
equipas vencedoras (Sampaio et al, 2006). O ressalto é a base do jogo para
qualquer equipa, pois gera mais oportunidades para contra ataques e
assistências, além de reduzir as chances do adversário aumentar sua eficiência
em lançamentos, pois não possibilita uma segunda posse de bola (Trninic et al,
2002).
Gómez et al. (2008), concluiem em sua pesquisa que a variável que
melhor diferencia as equipas vencedoras das perdedoras de uma maneira
global é o ressalto defensivo. Equipas vencedoras possuem uma melhor
disciplina tática e responsabilidade em controlar as posições defensivas,
conseguindo, dessa forma, ganhar mais ressaltos que seus oponentes. Outro
exemplo de como o ressalto é um componente de extrema importância no jogo
de basquetebol pode ser encontrado na pesquisa de Lidor & Arnon (2000), que
conclui que o sucesso na partida não pode ser apenas descrito pela eficiência
dos lançamentos, uma equipa deve demonstrar, também, um alto nível em
ressaltos e assistências. Nessa pesquisa, os autores ainda indicam uma alta
correlação entre o número de ressaltos totais e a quantidade de pontos
marcados por uma equipa.
Treinadores experientes e vitoriosos (Krzyzewski & Phillips, 2001;
Wootten, 2003, Jackson & Arkush, 2004) acreditam que o ressalto é um
aspecto, muitas vezes, negligenciado em suas rotinas de treinamentos.
Questões como lançamentos, ensaio de jogadas, organização de diferentes
tipos de defesas, análise dos adversários, condicionamento físico e outras
questões técnicas e táticas possuem sempre a prioridade em seus treinos e,
muitas vezes, essa variável tão importante como o ressalto é pouco treinada.
Apesar da grande importância dessa variável, não é fácil encontrar
estudos onde o ressalto seja estudado de uma forma mais profunda. As atuais
pesquisas focam o seu escopo na questão da análise discriminatória, ou seja, o
que interfere mais no resultado do jogo e, dessa forma, diferencia vencedores
de perdedores. Visto que grande parte dessas pesquisas (Gómez et al., 2008;
Ibánez et al., 2003; Karipidis et al., 2001) mostram a importância dos ressaltos,
Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação
Roberto Lampert Ribas 19
seria compreensível que pesquisas fossem realizadas no sentido de se analisar
somente o ressalto, porém isso não ocorre com grande frequência. Um estudo
que analisa esse aspecto é o de Tsamourtizis & Athanasiou (2004). Os
referidos autores indicam em sua revisão de literatura que cerca 70-75% dos
ressaltos ocorrem ao lado contrário do lançamento e que lançamentos de longa
distância tendem a gerar ressaltos mais longos, porém não apresentam dados
comprovativos dessas afirmações. Visto que sua metodologia divide a quadra
de jogo em apenas 5 zonas, seus resultados apresentam números
semelhantes, ou seja, que o ressalto tende a acontecer na maioria das vezes
no lado oposto.
Outro aspecto do ressalto que é pouco explorado na literatura é o
número de jogadores que participam da disputa e seu respectivo
posicionamento. É de extrema importância que cada jogador saiba exatamente
onde vai se pocionar para lutar pelo ressalto e que cada equipa tenha bem
treinado quem vai entrar no garrafão para tentar ganhar o ressalto e quem irá
fazer a recuperação defensiva. Sobre esse aspecto de posicionamento e
número de atletas que entra efetivamente na disputa do ressalto, não foi
encontrada nenhuma publicação.
Visto a falta de conhecimento mais profundo sobre essa variável e face
às informações citadas anteriormente, estabeleceram-se os seguintes objetivos
para o presente estudo:
(1) determinar se o ressalto tende a ocorrer do mesmo lado ou do lado
contrário ao lançamento;
(2) analisar a influência do número de jogadores envolvidos no ressalto em
jogos de basquetebol de alto nível;
Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação
Roberto Lampert Ribas 20
ESTRUTURA DA DISSERTAÇÃO
Este trabalho apresenta uma estrutura ligeiramente diferente do padrão
tradicional de elaboração de Dissertações de Mestrado, pois foi elaborada a
partir do “Modelo Escandinavo”. A dissertação é composta por quatro capítulos,
descritos na Tabela 1. O segundo e terceiro capítulos correspondem aos
artigos que foram redigidos segundo as orientações e normas específicas de
cada periódico a que foram submetidos. O capítulo quatro apresenta as
conclusões gerais da dissertação. No fim de cada capítulo são apresentadas as
referências bibliográficas.
Tabela 1: Capítulos da dissertação e seus principais objetivos.
Capítulo 1Capítulo 1Capítulo 1Capítulo 1 Apresentar a introdução geral, bem como a pertinência do estudo e seus respectivos objetivos.
Capítulo 2Capítulo 2Capítulo 2Capítulo 2
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level ba sketball games.
Artigo aceito para publicação (Agosto/2011) na International Journal of Performance Analysis of Sport (UK)
Ribas RL, Navarro RM, Tavares F, Gómez MA
Capítulo 3Capítulo 3Capítulo 3Capítulo 3
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound s ituations in Euroleague Basketball Games.
Artigo submetido à revista The Open Sports Sciences Journal
Ribas RL, Navarro RM, Tavares F, Gómez MA
Capítulo 4Capítulo 4Capítulo 4Capítulo 4 Apresentar a síntese final e as conclusões gerais da Dissertação
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
Csataljay, G., O´Donoghue, P., Hughes, M., Dancs, H. (2009). Performance
indicators that distinguish winning and losing teams in basketball.
International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 9, 60-6.
Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação
Roberto Lampert Ribas 21
Ibáñez, S., García, J., Feu, S., Lorenzo, A., Sampaio, J. (2009). Effects of
consecutive basketball games on the game-related statistics that
discriminate winner and losing teams. Journal of Sports Science and
Medicine, 8, 458-62.
Ibáñez, S.J., Sampaio, J., Sáenz-López, P., Giménez, J., Janeira, M.A. (2003)
Game statistics discriminating of junior world basketball championship
matches (Portugal 1999). Journal of Human Movement Studies, 45, 1-
19.
Garefis, A., Tsitskaris, G., Mexas, K., Kyriakou, D. (2007). Comparison of the
effectiveness of fast breaks in two high level basketball championships.
International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 7(3), 9-17.
Gómez, M. A., Lorenzo, A., Sampaio, J., Ibáñez, S., Ortega, E. (2008). Game
related statistics that discriminated winning and losing teams from
Spanish men’s professional basketball teams. Coll Antropol, 32, 451- 6.
Jackson, P., Arkush, M. (2004). The last season: a team in search of its soul.
United States of America, Penguin Press.
Karipidis, A., Fotinakis, P., Taxildaris, K., Fatouros, J. (2001) Factors
characterizing a successful performance in basketball. Journal of Human
Movement Studies 41(5), 385-97.
Krzyzewski, M., Phillips , D.T. (2001). Five-point play. New York, Warner Books,
Inc.
Lidor, R., Arnon, M. (2000). Developing indexes of efficiency in basketball: Talk
with the coaches in their own language. Kinesiology (Zagreb), 32(2), 31-
41.
Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação
Roberto Lampert Ribas 22
Sampaio, J., Janeira, M. (2003). Statistical analyses of basketball team
performance: understanding teams wins and losses according to a
different index of ball possessions. International Journal of Performance
Analysis in Sport, 3, 40-9.
Sampaio, J.; Ibañez, S.; Lorenzo, A., Gómez, M. (2006). Discriminative game-
related statistics between basketball starters and non-starters when
related to playing standard and game outcome. Perceptual and Motor
Skills, 103, 486-94.
Tsamourtzis, E., Athanasiou, N. (2004). Registration of rebound possession
zones in basketball. International Journal of Performance Analysis in
Sport, 4(1), 34-9.
Wootten M. (2003). Coaching basketball successfully, Champaign: Human
Kinetics.
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 23
Capítulo 2Capítulo 2Capítulo 2Capítulo 2
Artigo Original
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games.
Ribas RL, Navarro RM, Tavares F, Gómez MA
Artigo aceite para publicação (Agosto/2011) na International Journal of Perfomance Analisys of Sport
(UK)
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 25
AN ANALYSIS OF THE SIDE OF REBOUND IN HIGH LEVEL BASKETBALL
GAMES
Ribas, R. L 1; Navarro, R. M 2, Tavares, F 1; Gómez, M. A.3
1. Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Porto, Portugal.
2. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University Alfonso X El Sabio.
3. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid,
Spain.
Running Head: Side of rebound in basketball
Key words: basketball, rebound, notational analysis, field-goal attempt
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 26
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify if there was any
difference between the side of the rebound when attempt occurs from three
different zones. The sample was composed of 48 games (n= 4548 field-
goals gathered) corresponding to the 2009-2010 Top 16 of the Euroleague.
The analyzed variables were the unsuccessful attempted field goals, which
generate rebounds, and then sample was split into three groups: i) paint
zone, ii) two points zone, and, iii) three points zone. To analyze the side of
rebound, the court was divided: i) same side and ii) opposite side of the field
goal attempt.
The results of the present study showed: i) 46.5% of the shoots were
taken from the paint compared with 38.3% taken from the 3 point zone and
15.2% taken from the 2 point zone; ii) near 91% of all rebounds were
obtained inside the paint while there were no rebounds in three point zone;
iii) when shoots were taken inside the paint, the same side had statistically
significant more percentage of rebounds than the opposite side. Overall, it is
suggested that coaches should take into account this reference values to
better prepare training plans and game tactics in basketball.
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 27
Introduction
The research about basketball has become greater in the last few years, the game
is in constant evolution and there are always new problems to investigate and try to
solve. A considerable number of papers have been published about what makes
differences between teams and players’ performance in basketball games and it is very
important to understand those aspects of the game to potentiate training methods and
coach management during competition (Sampaio, Drinkwater & Leite, 2010).
With the evolution of tactical and technical in basketball games, it is important
to coaches, players and researches to understand every single detail of the sport.
Performance analysis in basketball is an important tool, allowing coaches to have
reliable information concerning their own team and opponents (Ibáñez, García, Feu,
Lorenzo & Sampaio, 2009). To become better, teams must improve training sessions
and matches. The study of the game, reflecting and reaching conclusions, can help to
improve individual play, team play and the coach´s decision-making in important
moments in the game (Ibáñez, Sampaio, Sáenz-López, Giménez & Janeira, 2003;
Simovic & Komic, 2008; Pojskic, Separovic & Uzicanin, 2009; Sampaio, et al, 2010).
In the past few years, some researchers are focusing their attention in the game-
related statistics. It is well documented that some variables such as, defensive rebound,
allow researches and coaches to discriminated winning and losing in basketball games
(Gómez, Lorenzo, Sampaio, Ibáñez & Ortega, 2008; Ibáñez, Sampaio, Feu, Lorenzo,
Gómez & Ortega, 2008). Defensive rebound is a basis for development of team´s
offense, because it gives the team a possibility to make fast-breaks and assists to easy
baskets, and it does not allows the opponents an extra ball possession (Trninic, Dizdar
& Luksic, 2002). The offensive rebound also has an important role in basketball, being
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 28
a good variable to discriminated winning teams in playoff games (Sampaio & Janeira,
2003). However, available studies where the rebound was analyzed with more details,
are not easy to find in scientific papers. If the rebound is a such an important variable
that can predict winners, it is fundamental to understand how to win rebounds in
basketball games.
To prepare a team, to build up the best tactics, to make good decisions during a
game, coaches need to know which elements of matches are the most crucial ones.
Especially at close games where there are small differences between the performance of
two teams (Csataljay, O´Donoghue, Hughes & Dancs, 2009). It is possible to find a
large number of studies that discriminate winners and losers in basketball using game-
related statistics, but according to Trninić et al., (2002), to a better understanding of the
game, the information obtained from the game statistics should be completed by the
computer video analyses. In this particular topic, some important variables such as zone
of the field-goal attempt and side of the rebound are not available in official statistics.
Indeed, available literature is quite scarce (Gómez, Tsamourtzis & Lorenzo, 2006;
Ortega, Palao, Gómez, Lorenzo & Cárdenas, 2007; Gómez, Lorenzo, Ibáñez, Ortega,
Leite, & Sampaio, 2010) and based on different topics in basketball, such as defensive
systems, tactics used during basketball games or the game analysis in formative teams.
Trying to investigate the rebounds as variables, there is only one study (Tsamourtziz &
Athanasiou, 2004), the authors analyzed 5 different zones of shooting and rebounding,
and found that most of shoots rebound to the opposite side.
According to the framework reported, it seems very important for coaches and
players to have some scientific support that allowed them to have a better understanding
about the zones where the rebound occurs considering the spot where the shoot attempt
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 29
was taken. Thus, the present study aims to determine if the ball tends to rebound
on the same side or the opposite side where the field goal try occurred.
Methods
Sample and variables
In order to carry out this study, all games (n = 48) corresponding to the 2009-
2010 Top 16 of the Euroleague were analyzed. The games were analyzed through
systematic observation by two experienced observers trained for this observational
analysis. Before the analysis of the games two separate observations were done to
calculate interrater reliability. From a sub-sample of 10 games, Cohen’ Kappa was 0.91
for shooting zone, 0.95 for rebound zone and 1.00 for side of rebound.
To analyze the zone of attempted field goal and zone of rebound, the court was
divided in fourteen zones (Tavares & Santos, 2007) (Figure 1). The variables were
determined by expert coaches and researchers and were registered by experienced
observers (licensed in Sport Science and with a minimum of 5 years of experience as
basketball coaches). A total of 4548 actions of attempted field goals were analyzed
(successful = 2378 and unsuccessful = 2170). To avoid inconsistencies some actions
were excluded from analysis (blocked shots, free throws attempted that did not touch
the rim or the backboard, shooting foul, when the rebound went directly to out of
bounds, second attempted field goal and held ball in the rebound). On the other hand,
the unsuccessful attempted field goals, which generate rebounds, have been divided into
three groups: i) paint (zone 11 to 14), ii) two points (zone 6 to 10) and, iii) three points
(zone 1 to 5). To analyze the side of rebound, the court was divided in two by
theimaginary line basket-basket: i) same side and ii) opposite side of the field goal
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 30
attempt. Each game provides a percentage of rebound in the same and opposite side,
thus, the following variables were studied: percentage of rebound in the same or
opposite side, when shooting from the paint, from two points, from three points and
total field-goals attempts.
Figure 1. Zones of the court.
Figure 2. Zones of field-goals and side of rebounds.
Data Analysis
A normality test of Shapiro-Wilk was performed in all variables and after a
paired t-test it was used to examination if there were differences between the percentage
of rebound in the same and opposite side when shooting from the paint zone, two points
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 31
zone, three points zone and total shooting attempts. The statistical analyses were
performed using SPSS software 16.0 and significance level was set at p≤0.05.
Results
Figure 3. Field-goals distribution (recount and %).
Figure 4. Rebounds distribution (recount and %).
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 32
The results of total field goals attempted and rebounds are presented in Figure 3
and Figure 4. Near 46.5% of total shoots were taken from inside the paint, while 38.3%
from the three points and 15.2% from two points zone.
It is also possible to see that almost 59.0% of all field goals attempted in all
games were taken from zones 2, 4, 13 and 14. Near 91.0% of all rebounds were
obtained inside the paint while there were no rebounds obtained in three point zone.
Table 1: Analysis of Same Side and Opposite Side Variables Shapiro-Wilk Same Side Opposite Side T Sig.
Sig. Mean SD Mean SD Paint 0.988 58.04 11.94 41.95 11.94 4.666 0.000* 2-points FG 0.978 49.26 18.1 50.73 18.1 -0.283 0.779 3-points FG 0.232 47.87 11.6 52.12 11.6 -1.266 0.212 Total 0.405 51.64 7 48.35 7 1.631 0.110 Significantly different: *p ≤ 0.05
This study found that when attempts occur inside the paint, the same side had
statistically significant more percentage than the opposite side. When attempt occur in
two points, three points zones and total attempts, the same side had no statistically
significant more percentage than the opposite side.
Discussion
The purpose of the present study was to identify if there was any difference
between the side of the rebound when attempt occurs from inside the paint, two point
zone and three point zone. There are not too many previous scientific studies in this
field of research (Tsamourtziz & Athanasiou, 2004). Most of the information available
about zone of rebound is from self experienced coaches and their empirical knowledge.
The analysis of game-related statistics in basketball games showed that winning
teams have better performance than losing teams in some variables, such as, defensive
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 33
rebound, two points percentage field goal and free throws (Karapidis, Fotinakis,
Taxildaris & Fatouros, 2001; Sampaio & Janeira, 2003; Trninic, et al., 2002). These
studies allow coaches and players to understand which variables of the game are most
important to have a better chance of winning games, but do not give the opportunity to
coaches positioned players to gain the rebound, for example. Beyond knowing what is
important to perform well during the game, they must know how to execute the
actions.The zone of the field where the ball has more probability to rebound,
considering the place where the shot was attempted is a very good information to the
players.
The rebound is clearly a very important variable in the game. Sampaio et al,
(2006) showed the importance of defensive and offensive rebounds in three different
levels of competition (Portuguese League, Spanish Professional League and NBA).
Trninić et al, (2002), suggested that the defensive rebound is an indicator of overall
defensive successfulness since it follows the unsuccessful opponent’s shot which is,
most often, a consequence of the organized pressure defense well performed. We
believe that this assumption and a good position of the players to dispute rebound can
lead a team to over perform the opponent in the fight for the ball after an unsuccessful
shot. The results obtained in the present study show that more than 90% of the rebounds
occur inside the paint. The study about rebound zones of Tsamourtzis & Athanasiou
(2004) does not use the same number of zones in the court to analyze the rebound and
because of this a comparison is unlikely. This kind of information allows the coaches to
prepare their team to be well positioned when the dispute happens. A team which
usually disputes the rebound with two, three or four players can position each player in
an exact place to box out the opponent from the zone where the ball has more
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 34
possibility to rebound, in this case, inside the paint. The rebound is considered by some
expert coaches (Jackson & Arkush, 2004), the most overlooked aspect of the game and
requires a tremendous effort that the players will have to gain the dispute. With more
scientific information about the rebound, it is possible to know the zones where rebound
happens with more frequency having into account the areas where the shots are taken in
the field. It is also very important all for the players to know who they are going to
defend and to know the weakness of the opponent, this way they can try to explore this
fragility of the adversary, for example, they must know exactly the zones where the
other team has good percentage of successful shoot and try to avoid the attempts from
there.
It was found in this study that when the shot is taken from inside the paint there
is a significant higher percentage of rebound on the same side and there were no
differences between percentage of the two and three points attempt. The results obtained
are different from Tsamourtziz & Athanasiou (2004) which suggest that much more
likely 70%-75% of the time the ball rebound to the opposite side, but the present study
does not use the same methodology of analyses. Since we do not have this information,
but one possible explanation to these results is that the shoots taken from inside the
paint are mostly with high pressure of the defense, because the paint is a zone very close
to the basket, this pressure can cause a different mechanical of shooting which leads the
ball rebound to the same side. There was no difference between the side when the shoot
attempt occurs from two and three points zone, these results can be interpreted in the
same way. The attempts from these zones are not always in high pressure from defense
and there are no tendencies to the ball rebound to one specific side.
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 35
The present study was limited in some aspects. It was not taken into the analysis
if the player who shots the ball was free or was being defended and if it was individual
or zone defense. We think it is very interesting that further research to control this
information and look if when the attempt is unsuccessful there is any difference
regarding the zone the ball goes to, because a free try is different from a non free one.
References
Csataljay, G., O´Donoghue, P., Hughes, M. & Dancs, H. (2009). Performance indicators
that distinguish winning and losing teams in basketball. International Journal of
Performance Analysis in Sport, 9, 60-66.
Gómez, M. A., Tsamourtzis, E., Lorenzo, A. (2006). Defensive systems in basketball
ball possessions. Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 6(1), 98-107.
Gómez, M. A., Lorenzo, A., Sampaio, J., Ibáñez, S. & Ortega, E. (2008). Game related
statistics that discriminated winning and losing teams from Spanish men’s
professional basketball teams. Coll Antropol, 32, 451- 456.
Gómez, M. A., Lorenzo, A., Ibáñez, S. J., Leite, N. & Sampaio, J. (2010). Na analysis
of defensive strategies used by home and away basketball teams. Perceptual and
Motor Skills, 110, 159-166.
Ibáñez, S. J., Sampaio, A. J., Sáenz-López, P., Giménez, J. & Janeira, M. A. (2003).
Game statistics discriminating the final outcome of Junior World Basketball
Championship matches (Portugal 1999). Journal of Human Movement Studies,
45, 19.
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Roberto Lampert Ribas 36
Ibáñez, S., Sampaio, J., Feu, S., Lorenzo, A., Gómez, M. A. & Ortega, E. (2008).
Basketball game-related statistics that discriminate between teams' season-long
success. European Journal of Sport Science, 8, 369-372.
Ibáñez, S., García, J., Feu, S., Lorenzo, A. & Sampaio, J. (2009). Effects of consecutive
basketball games on the game-related statistics that discriminate winner and
losing teams. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8, 6.
Jackson, P. & Arkush, M. 2004. The last season: a team in search of its soul. United
States of America, Penguin Press.
Karapidis, A., Fotinakis, P., Taxildaris, K. & Fatouros, J. (2001). Factors characterizing
a successful performance in basketball. Journal of Human Movement Studies,
41, 385-397.
Ortega, E., Palao, J. M., Gómez, M. A., Lorenzo, A. & Cárdenas, D. (2007). Analysis of
the efficacy of possessions in boys´ 16 and under basketball teams differences
between winning and losing teams. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 104, 961-964.
Pojskic, H., Separovic, V. & Uzicanin, E. (2009). Differences between successful and
unsuccessful basketball teams on the final Olympic Tournament. Acta
Kinesiologica, 3, 110-114.
Sampaio, J. & Janeira, M. (2003). Statistical analyses of basketball team performance:
understanding teams wins and losses according to a different index of ball
possessions. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 3, 40-49.
Sampaio, J., Ibáñez, S., Lorenzo, A. & Gómez, M. A. (2006). Discriminative game-
related statistics between basketball starters and nonstarters when related to team
quality and game outcome. Percept Mot Skills, 103, 486-94.
An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 37
Sampaio, J., Drinkwater, E. J. & Leite, N, M. (2010). Effects of season period, team
quality, and playing time on basketball players´ game-related statistics.
European Journal of Sports Science, 10(2), 141-149.
Simovic, S. & Komic, J. (2008). Analysis of the influence of certain elements of
basketball game on final result based on differences at the XIII, XIV and XV
World Championship. Acta Kinesiologica, 2 (2), 57-65.
Tavares, F. & Santos, A. (2007). Análise do ressalto ofensivo em equipas de
basquetebol do escalão sénior feminino. In IV Congreso Ibérico da Baloncesto
"El entrenamiento desde la base a la élite deportiva en baloncesto" (Sérgio
Ibáñez Gogoy; Sebastián Feu Molina; Isabel González; Javier Rubio; Maria
Cañadas Alonso).
Trninic, S., Dizdar, D. & Luksic, E. (2002). Differences between winning and defeated
top quality basketball teams in final tournaments of European club
championship. Collegium Antropologicum, 26, 521-31.
Tsamourtzis, E., & Athanasiou, N. (2004). Registration of rebound possession zones in
basketball. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 4(1), 34-39.
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 39
Capítulo 3Capítulo 3Capítulo 3Capítulo 3
Artigo Original
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in
Euroleague basketball games.
Ribas RL, Navarro RM, Tavares F, Gómez MA
Artigo submetido à revista The Open Sports Sciences Journal
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 41
ANALYSIS OF NUMBER OF PLAYERS INVOLVED IN REBOUND
SITUATIONS IN EUROLEAGUE BASKETBALL GAMES
Running Title: Analysis of rebound in basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas - Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University
of Porto, Portugal. [email protected]
Rafael Navarro - Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University Alfonso X
El Sabio. [email protected]
Fernando Tavares - Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of
Porto, Portugal. [email protected]
Miguel Ángel Gómez - Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic
University of Madrid, Spain. [email protected]
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 42
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the influence of number of players
involved in dispute of rebound in basketball games. To do so, 48 games
corresponding to the 2009-2010 Top 16 of the Euroleague were analyzed. The
sample was composed of 2170 situations (unsuccessful field-goals gathered which
generate rebound), and the analyzed variables were: i) situations of equal number
of 1, 2 and 3 players from offense and defense in rebound; ii) situations of
superiority of 1, 2 and 3 players for defense; iii) situations of superiority of 1
player for offense; iv) all situations of superiority and inferiority. The results of
the present study showed that: i) when the number of players is equal, defense had
no statistically significant more rebounds than offense; ii) when defense had
superiority of 1, 2 and 3 players, it had statistically significant more rebounds than
offense; iii) when offense had superiority of 1 player, it had statistically
significant more rebounds than defense; iv) situations of superiority had
statistically significant more rebounds than inferiority. Coaches and researches
should be aware of this kind of information to enhance practices and games
performance.
Key words: basketball, field-goal attempt, notational analysis, rebound, superiority
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 43
Introduction
The investigation of factors which influence the performance in high level
basketball games is relevant to affect the evolution of a sport. The detailed information
about players and teams is an important tool for coaches to build the training process
with more validity and success. This allows relating the performance of teams with
technical and tactical indicators used during the game and thus develop a better
improvement of training programs [1]. The information obtained through the analysis of
the game in different situations allows identifying the tendencies of evolution of the
players game and helps to optimize the preparation process [2].
Currently, there are two aspects clearly different that address the scientific
knowledge in sports [3], biomechanics and notational analysis. Both perspectives are
related using the technology of images to obtain information and deepen the analysis.
Thus, coaches and sport-analysts can use data to compare the results between teams and
players. In the case of notational analysis, the mainly indicators used are: i) from games,
ii) tactical and iii) technical; which allow to know physiological, psychological,
technical and tactical demands of each sport. These indicators are related to quality of
performance, with the main purpose of obtaining useful information and adjusting
trainings and tasks to the reality of players or teams analyzed. Particularly, in the case of
basketball, some authors [1] established that performance analysis has focused its
attention on players and the evaluation of the game, attempting to know better the
aspects that allow to optimize the resources of players and teams, and also identify the
competition demands. However, to ensure relevant and objective information, the
purposes of observation should be clearly defined. It is necessary to determine how you
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 44
intend to do the observation during the game and how the results collected can be used
to improve the training process.
With the evolution of the game, researchers [4] observed the need to introduce
scientifically-based, sport-specific training, demands integration of the high expert and
scientific approach to rational modeling of the training process in order to create
effective system that would produce top basketball players and, as an expected
consequence, top competitive results as well.
The research about game indicators in basketball has reached great importance,
but mainly focused on differentiating winning and losing teams [5, 6]. In this topic,
there are some studies [6, 7, 8] that showed the importance of some variables in
basketball. One of those variables is the rebound (offensive and defensive). In
particular, one research [6] showed that the variables that better differentiate winners
from losers in a global way were defensive rebounds and assists. However, with a lot of
studies about what is really important in basketball, it is difficult to find researches
where the rebound is studied, for example, where the ball tends to rebound or the
difference about number of players involved in the dispute of rebounds. One research
[9] about rebound possession zone showed that players need to know that shots taken
from some ranges will rebound closer to the basket than shots launched from other
distances, but this study does not report the difference about the number of players
involved in the dispute of rebound.
If the contribution of rebounds to winning high level basketball games is so
important, we ask ourselves why it is so difficult to find researches where this variable
is studied more deeply. Thereby, we think it is important to all coach staff to know if
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 45
there is any difference of chance to gain rebounds with more, same or less players
involved in the dispute of rebounds. Thus, the present study aims to analyze the
influence of the number of players involved in rebounds in basketball games.
Methods
Sample and variables
In order to carry out this study, all games (n = 48) corresponding to the 2009-
2010 Top 16 of the Euroleague were analyzed. The games were analyzed through
systematic observation by two experienced observers trained for this observational
analysis.
The variables were determined by expert coaches and researchers and were
registered by experienced observers (licensed in Sport Science and with a minimum of 5
years of experience as basketball coaches). A total of 2170 actions of unsuccessful
attempted field goals, which generate rebounds were analyzed. To avoid inconsistencies
with the sample some actions were excluded from analysis (blocked shots, free throws
attempted that did not touch the rim or the backboard, shooting foul, when the rebound
went directly to out of bounds, second attempted field goal and held ball in the
rebound). After an unsuccessful attempt, the number of defensive and offensive players
in the dispute of rebound were analyzed. To be considered in a dispute, the player must
make some action in order to gain advantage to try to gain the rebound. The rebound
situations analyzed were: i) 1 player from offense and defense; ii) 2 players from
offense and defense; iii) 3 players from offense and defense; iv) advantage of 1 player
to defense; v) advantage of 2 players to defense; vi) advantage of 3 players to defense
and vii) advantage of 1 player to offense. The other situations were not analyzed due to
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 46
the lower number of actions (ex: advantage of 4 or 5 players to defense,
advantage of 2, 3, 4 and 5 players to offense and 4x4 and 5x5).
Data Analysis
A normality test (Shapiro-Wilk) was performed in all variables and afterwards a
t-test for independent samples was used to examine if there were differences between
the number of rebounds obtained from defense and offense in all situations. All
variables were considered normal. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS
software 16.0 and significance level was set at p≤0.05.
Results
Table 1: Analysis of situations in rebounds
Defense Offense t Sig. Mean SD Mean SD
Equality 1 Player 2,45 1,72 2,31 1,5 0,441 0,660 Equality 2 Players 3,06 1,87 2,45 1,42 1,777 0,079 Equality 3 Players 1,35 1,49 1,5 1,27 -0,515 0,608 Superiority 1 Player Defense
15,68 4,67 4,2 2,37 15,156 0,000*
Superiority 2 Players Defense
7,66 3,49 0,75 0,78 13,393 0,000*
Superiority 3 Players Defense
1,6 1,51 0,2 0,14 7,221 0,000*
Superiority 1 Player Offense
0,2 0,58 1,37 1,16 -6,228 0,000*
Inferiority Superiority t Sig. Mean SD Mean SD
Distinct number of players
5,31 2,63 26,27 6,54 -20,588 0,000*
Significantly different: *p ≤ 0.05
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 47
The results showed that the defense had no statistically significant more
rebounds than offense when the number of players involved in the dispute is equal.
When the number of players involved is different, defense and offense had statistically
significant more rebounds when they had an advantage in the number of players
involved. It was also found that situations with superiority had statistically significant
more rebounds than inferiority situations.
Discussion
The intention of the present study was to analyze different situations in rebound
and if there was any difference between defense and offense when the number of
players involved in the dispute of the rebound is equal, with superiority of 1 player to
offense and with superiority of 1, 2 and 3 players to defense.
The rebound is a very important part of basketball games, but it is not easy to
find researches about what players should do to gain rebounds in game situation, for
example, how they should be positioned and fight for the rebound. The coach staff also
do not have a large number of references to study, of course it is possible to find some
books from more experienced coaches [10, 11], but scientific publications about this
variable are needed for a better performance in the game.
It was found in this study that when the number of players involved (1, 2 and 3)
in the dispute of the rebound is equal, there is no advantage to defense or offence. This
allows us to think that with equality, players must fight to obtain a better position to try
to win the dispute. Researchers [12] enumerates some important aspects for the players
to perform well in rebound, and some of those are technical and tactical preparation,
pivoting, blocking, anticipation, securing and pulling the ball away. If the free space is
the same for the players to dispute position, it seems very important for them to
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 48
anticipate the opponent. The best way to try to think before the opponent is practicing
anticipation and decision making tasks. The players who usually go to fight for the
rebound, should know exactly where the ball tends to rebound according to the player
who is shooting the ball (e.g, specific position, player experience, defensive pressure,
etc), if they control these factors better they may anticipate the move and try a better
position to gain the rebound [9].
According to authors [13], performance analysis in basketball is a fundamental
tool for coaches, allowing them to have valid and reliable information concerning their
team and opponents. This assumption shows that the results found in the present study
can help coaches, because all the situations that had advantage on the number of players
involved in the rebound, won statistically significant more rebounds. When defense has
advantage of 1, 2 or 3 players, in all of those situations, defense won statistically
significant more rebounds than offense. This also happened when offense had advantage
of 1 player in the dispute. Another situation that was analyzed was superiority and
inferiority, while superiority wins near 26 rebounds per game, inferiority win less than 6
rebounds. With those numbers, superiority wins statistically significant more rebounds
than inferiority.
Coaches must know in depth their opponents, for example, if the coach staff
knows exactly how many players the other team uses to dispute the rebound, they can
prepare their teams to have always a higher number of players disputing the ball,
according to the results found in the present study, the team which is well prepared to a
situation like this, will win significant more rebounds than its opponent.
The results obtained in situations with advantage for offense or defense showed
that it is very difficult to gain rebounds with fewer players. If defense has an inferiority
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 49
the offense can win rebounds because at least one player is completely free to go after
the rebound, the opposite situation is also true, the defense with more players can box
out the players from offense and the others go to get the rebound. If the defense is
playing a zone situation with inferiority, players from offense should move more
quickly to confuse the defense and have a better position to jump and try to get the
board, and in superiority the defense can put each player in one specific zone to box out
the players in that zone and not allow the opponent to jump after the ball.
One intriguing result obtained was the number of rebounds gained when
superiority occurs. When the team has more players in rebound the number of rebounds
gained is bigger. Teams should be prepared to always have more players in the dispute
of the rebound. The rebound must be disputed with all players, not just centers. As some
authors argued, power forwards, forwards and guards can contribute to obtain the
rebounds [14], and then team would have superiority and may win more boards.
The present research had some limitations that were not controlled. It was not
verified the exact positions of the players when they were in the dispute of the rebound.
It is interesting in further research to control this kind of information to have a better
perspective of this important variable.
Conclusion
The analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations allowed us to
understand that it is very important have superiority in the dispute. This profile can help
coaches to prepare specific practices according to their opponents, this way they can
perform better in the games.
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 50
References
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Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games
Roberto Lampert Ribas 51
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Síntese Final e Conclusões Gerais
Roberto Lampert Ribas 53
Capítulo 4Capítulo 4Capítulo 4Capítulo 4
Síntese Final e Conclusões Gerais
SínteseFinal e Conclusões Gerais
Roberto Lampert Ribas 55
SÍNTESE FINAL E CONCLUSÕES GERAIS
É consensual na literatura disponível que o ressalto possui grande
importância no jogo de basquetebol na questão de conseguir predizer
vencedores e perdedores. Com a evolução do jogo em aspectos técnicos,
táticos e físicos, torna-se essencial compreender todas variáveis do jogo de
uma forma efetiva. No momento em que se é possível analisar aspectos que
podem modificar resultados de jogos, o processo de treino pode ser mais
específico, gerando assim uma melhor performance.
Pesquisas sobre basquetebol têm focado, basicamente, o seu olhar
sobre análise discriminatória, ou seja, fatores que possuem maior ou menor
influência na vitória e na derrota. Dentre essas variáveis, o ressalto surge como
um grande fator discriminante. Publicações científicas onde o ressalto seja
abordado especificamente, são dificies de se encontrar. Obviamente livros de
treinadores experientes abordam o assunto de uma forma profunda, porém
muitas vezes os relatos são da sua experiência adquirida ao longo dos anos.
Dessa forma, as opiniões sobre onde o ressalto tende a acontecer, ou a forma
como deve ser disputado, o número de jogadores que deve disputar são
completamente diferentes de acordo com as vivências de cada um.
Em Portugal e no Brasil existe uma escassez de informação proveniente
de investigação no domínio do ressalto, principalmente no que se refere ao
número de jogadores que disputam o mesmo e o possível local de queda da
bola. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa foi realizada no sentido de contribuir
para um melhor entendimento desses aspectos. De acordo com os objetivos
estabelecidos em cada capítulo, emergiram os seguintes resultados:
SínteseFinal e Conclusões Gerais
Roberto Lampert Ribas 56
Capítulo 2Capítulo 2Capítulo 2Capítulo 2
An analysis of the rebound in high level basketball games.
(1) 46,5% dos lançamentos foram feitos de dentro do garrafão, 38,3% da zona de três pontos e 15,2% da zona de dois pontos.
(2) Aproximadamente 91% dos ressaltos ocorreram dentro do garrafão enquanto não houve nenhum ressalto na zona de três pontos.
(3) Quando os lançamentos ocorrem dentro do garrafão, o mesmo lado possui mais ressaltos que o lado contrário (p<0.05).
Capítulo 3Capítulo 3Capítulo 3Capítulo 3
Analysis of number of players involved in rebound s ituations in Euroleague basketball games.
(1) Quando o número de jogadores é igual, a defesa (1 e 2 jogadors) e o ataque (3 jogadores) ganham mais ressaltos, embora os resultados não sejam significativos.
(2) Quando a defesa está em superioridade numérica (1, 2 ou 3 jogadores) ganha mais ressaltos que o ataque (p<0.05).
(3) Quando o ataque está em superioridade numérica (1 jogador)
ganha mais ressaltos que a defesa (p<0.05).
(4) Situações de superioridade numérica ganham mais ressaltos que situações de inferioridade numérica (p<0.05).
Os resultados reportados buscam apoiar jogadores e, principalmente,
treinadores na constante busca pelo treino mais específico possível, para que
durante o jogo, a máxima performance venha a ser obtida. Além disso,
contribuem para estudos futuros em basquetebol, onde, talvez, seja possível
identificar, precisamente, diversas situações de ressaltos defensivos e
SínteseFinal e Conclusões Gerais
Roberto Lampert Ribas 57
ofensivos, possibilitando assim que cada equipe conheça exatamente seus
adversários e possa treinar de forma eficaz para vencê-los.
Para uma melhor compreensão do ressalto, emerge a necessidade de
realizar pesquisas com maior número amostral que incluam outras ligas e
campeoantos nacionais de grande nível, bem como estudos que considerem o
posicionamento exato dos lançamentos, tipos de defesas executadas, tipo de
lançamento (livre ou marcado), o número de jogadores e suas respectivas
posições e bloqueios defensivos por parte da defesa. Um desafio bem presente
radica na necessidade de analisar também as características físicas de todos
jogadores envolvidos no processo de disputa do ressalto, porém sabe-se das
extremas dificuldades dessa abordagem.
É importante ressaltar que as informações e resultados desse estudo
trazem novos desafios aos treinadores e a todos os que estão envolvidos
diretamente no processo de treino. Nem sempre é clara a melhor forma de se
treinar e atingir a melhor perfomance possível, dessa forma, cabe a nós
treinadores, estudar, pesquisar e, obviamente, treinar para que o jogo evolua
cada vez mais.