Escola Secundária Afonso Lopes Vieira
Curso Profissional de Técnico de Instalações Elétricas
2010/2013
Domótica com Arduino e interface Web
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional
Ricardo Jorge Cachola Sénica, n.º 18209, 3.º IE
Leiria, junho de 2013
Escola Secundária Afonso Lopes Vieira
Curso Profissional de Técnico de Instalações Elétricas
2010/2013
Domótica com Arduino e interface Web
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional
Ricardo Jorge Cachola Sénica, n.º 18209, 3.º IE
Orientador – Paulo Manuel Martins dos Santos
Coorientadores – Carlos Jorge Camarinho e Susana de Jesus Teodoro
Leiria, junho de 2013
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Lema de vida
Se queremos ser alguém, temos de fazer com que nos
vejam com outros olhos, não com os olhos de ser mais um.
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Agradecimentos
Começo por agradecer ao Diretor da Escola Secundária Afonso Lopes Vieira, Dr. Luís Pedro
Costa de Melo Biscaia, por me ter proporcionado este curso e o seu apoio ao longo desta
etapa da minha vida.
Agradeço, também, ao Diretor de Turma e de Curso, Dr. Carlos Jorge Camarinho, pela sua
persistência neste curso e pela ajuda proporcionada ao longo destes três anos.
Também agradeço ao professor Paulo Manuel Martins dos Santos por, neste último ano,
aquando da realização e preparação para Prova de Aptidão Profissional, me ter apoiado, pois
sem ele nada disto teria sido possível.
O meu muito obrigado à minha família.
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Índice geral
Agradecimentos..........................................................................................................................ii
Índice geral................................................................................................................................iii
Outros índices ou listas..............................................................................................................iv
Índice de figuras....................................................................................................................iv
Índice de tabelas....................................................................................................................iv
Resumo........................................................................................................................................v
Palavras-chave........................................................................................................................v
1.Introdução...............................................................................................................................1
1.1.Apresentação de ideias e linhas fundamentais................................................................1
1.2.Objetivos a alcançar........................................................................................................1
1.3.Estrutura do relatório.......................................................................................................1
2.Desenvolvimento....................................................................................................................3
2.1.Fundamentação do projeto..............................................................................................3
2.1.1.Domótica......................................................................................................................3
O que é a domótica............................................................................................................3
Aplicações da domótica.....................................................................................................5
Áreas da domótica.............................................................................................................6
Circuitos domóticos...........................................................................................................6
2.1.2.Plataforma Arduino......................................................................................................7
2.2.Métodos e técnicas utilizadas..........................................................................................9
2.3.Execução do projeto........................................................................................................9
3.Conclusão..............................................................................................................................33
Bibliografia...............................................................................................................................34
Anexos......................................................................................................................................36
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Outros índices ou listas
Índice de figuras
Figura 1: Componentes mais comuns de um sistema domótico.................................................4
Figura 2: Casa do futuro..............................................................................................................5
Figura 3: Placa K8000 da Velleman para domótica....................................................................7
Figura 4: Protótipo de um sistema automático de rega comandado pelo telemóvel...................7
Figura 5: Diversas placas Arduino..............................................................................................8
Figura 6: Esquemático do sistema desenvolvido......................................................................10
Figura 7: Fotografia do sistema de recolha de dados ambientais..............................................12
Figura 8: Representação gráfica dos dados recolhidos durante 24 horas..................................13
Figura 9: Fotografia do sistema domótico desenvolvido..........................................................14
Figura 10: Página Web de comando do sistema domótico desenvolvido.................................32
Índice de tabelas
Tabela 1 – Lista de material......................................................................................................10
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Resumo
Os projetos de domótica são muito interessantes pois visam a automação do lar. Atualmente,
podemos controlar toda uma panóplia de equipamentos da nossa casa, tanto localmente como
remotamente através da Internet em qualquer parte do mundo, fazendo uso de um
smarthphone, tablet, portátil ou outro tipo de computador. Com esta tecnologia podemos
poupar energia e melhorar o conforto/comodidade, pois se nos esquecermos de algo ligado,
podemos a qualquer momento desligar à distância, ou vice-versa.
Este projeto visa a criação de um sistema que permita o comando de três componentes
importantes de uma casa: as lâmpadas; as persianas motorizadas; e também a
ventilação/climatização. Para além do comando via Internet, o sistema deverá possuir ainda
um modo de funcionamento automático que detete a luminosidade e a temperatura ambientes
e que em função destes parâmetros acenda ou apague uma lâmpada, ligue ou desligue um
ventilador e suba ou desça um estore motorizado.
Será utilizada a placa Arduino Uno, baseada no microcontrolador ATmega328, à qual será
acoplada uma placa de rede (Ethernet Shield) com cartão microSD que fará a ligação à rede
informática. A programação será feita em linguagem C no software Arduino em ambiente
Linux Ubuntu, tudo software livre, gratuito e compatível.
Palavras-chave
Microcontrolador; Arduino; domótica; interface web
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
1. Introdução
Neste documento vou-vos demonstrar algumas das coisas que se pode fazer com a Rede sem
ser só jogar, estar no Facebook ou ver vídeos malucos no YouTube.
Vou fazer uma apresentação ao trabalho da minha PAP e mostrar que se podem fazer coisas
extraordinárias com nossa rede.
Neste pequeno trabalho irei falar-vos um pouco sobre domótica e a sua história.
1.1. Apresentação de ideias e linhas fundamentais
No início nunca pensei em fazer a minha PAP em domótica mas o professor lançou a ideia e
eu como adoro desafios, então aceitei, mas como não percebia muito de domótica, o professor
Paulo Santos ajudou-me a compreender muito bem os sistemas e a elaborar um trabalho
espetacular.
1.2. Objetivos a alcançar
Os meus objetivos neste trabalho foram poder alcançar algumas das ferramentas da minha
casa a partir de qualquer parte do mundo através da rede Internet. Poder ligar-me à minha casa
pelo telemóvel, pelo computador, pelo tablet, ou outro dispositivo análogo. Poder abrir uma
janela, fechá-la, acender ou desligar uma luz, ligar uma ventoinha ou desligá-la, isto tudo a
partir do meu telemóvel. Não esquecendo um modo automático para quando escurecer, a luz
acender e os estores baixarem.
1.3. Estrutura do relatório
O meu relatório começa por um lema de vida com o qual me identifico. De seguida, fiz os
agradecimentos a quem me apoiou nestes três anos de curso. Depois figuram os índices. Para
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
finalizar, inclui-se o resumo onde faço uma breve apresentação do meu projeto.
Neste capítulo, apresentaram-se de uma forma sucinta as linhas fundamentais do projeto bem
como os objetivos a alcançar.
No capítulo do desenvolvimento pretendo abordar com mais pormenor o meu trabalho. Na
fundamentação, faço uma breve abordagem à domótica, de seguida apresento as técnicas e os
métodos que utilizei para a concretização do projeto.
Por fim, no capítulo da conclusão, faço um balanço do trabalho realizado e apresento as
maiores dificuldades sentidas, assim como a forma como foram superadas.
Apresento ainda a bibliografia utilizada e incluo em anexo as folhas de dados dos principais
componentes.
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
2. Desenvolvimento
No capítulo irei apresentar com mais detalhe o meu trabalho. Na fundamentação faço uma
breve abordagem à domótica e à plataforma de hardware livre Arduino. Depois apresentarei
as técnicas e os métodos que utilizei para a concretização do meu projeto.
2.1. Fundamentação do projeto
2.1.1. Domótica
O que é a domótica
A Domótica é uma tecnologia recente que permite a gestão de todos ou parte dos recursos
habitacionais.
O termo “Domótica” resulta da junção da palavra latina “Domus” (casa) com “Robótica”
(controlo automatizado de algo) e visa a automação do lar, simplificando a vida diária das
pessoas, satisfazendo as suas necessidades de comunicação, de conforto e segurança. Quando
a domótica surgiu, nos edifícios dos anos 80s do século passado, pretendia-se controlar a
iluminação, a climatização, a segurança e a interligação entre estes três sistemas.
Nos nossos dias, a ideia base é a mesma, a diferença é o contexto para o qual o sistema está
pensado, já não um contexto militar, comercial ou industrial, mas doméstico. Apesar de ainda
ser pouco conhecida e divulgada, mas pelo conforto e comodidade que pode proporcionar, a
domótica promete vir a ter muitos adeptos no futuro.
Desta forma permite o uso de dispositivos para automatizar as rotinas e tarefas de uma casa.
Normalmente são feitos controlos de temperatura ambiente, iluminação e som, distinto dos
controlos normais por ter uma central que comanda tudo, que às vezes é acoplada a um
computador e/ou Internet.
O projeto de automação prevê todos os pontos de comunicação (Internet, telefone e TV),
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
todos os pontos de áudio (som ambiente e home theater), todas as cargas que deverão ser
controladas (luzes, cortinas, etc.), a posição de todos os quadros de controlo, lógicos e de
automação, a posição de todas as tomadas e da central de aspiração, entre muitos outros itens
que são estabelecidos com base no gosto e interesses das pessoas.
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Figura 1: Componentes mais comuns de um sistema domótico.
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Aplicações da domótica
A domótica utiliza vários elementos de uma forma sistémica. Vai aliar as vantagens dos meios
eletrónicos aos informáticos, de forma a obter uma utilização e uma gestão integrada dos
diversos equipamentos de uma habitação. A domótica vem tornar a vida mais confortável,
mais segura e até mais divertida. Vem permitir que as tarefas mais rotineiras e aborrecidas
sejam executadas automaticamente. No manuseamento do sistema poderá fazê-lo de acordo
com as nossas próprias necessidades. Poderá optar por um manuseamento mais ou menos
automático. Nos sistemas passivos, o elemento reage só quando lhe é transmitida uma ordem,
dada diretamente pelo utilizador (interruptor) ou por um comando (poderá ser uma ordem ou
um conjunto de ordens – macros).
Nos sistemas mais avançados, com mais “inteligência”, não só interpretam parâmetros, como
reagem às circunstâncias (informação que é transmitida pelos sensores), por exemplo: detetar
que uma janela está aberta e avisa o utilizador; ou que a temperatura está a diminuir e ligar o
aquecimento.
O controlo remoto de casas de habitação deixa de ser uma utopia. A domótica permite o
acesso às funções vitais da casa a partir da Internet ou do nosso telemóvel.
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Figura 2: Casa do futuro.
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Áreas da domótica
As área abrangidas pela domótica são:
• Deteção de intrusão;
• Controlo de iluminação;
• Segurança e controlo de fugas de água e gás;
• Alarmes médicos;
• Controlo remoto;
• Domoporteiro;
• Monitorização remota de alarmes;
• Controlo de climatização;
• Ligação e controlo via Internet;
• Ligação e controlo via GSM;
• Controlo de acessos.
Circuitos domóticos
O circuito de automação mais conhecido e mais divulgado é o X10, existindo um sem número
de aplicações, software e hardware para este protocolo. Existe uma placa da Velleman,
denominada K8000, que permite uma ligação direta ao um computador. A vantagem deste
dispositivo, é a de permitir a ligação a uma série de circuitos comuns, permitindo o controlo
não só através de software mais ou menos sofisticado ou apenas através de uma simples folha
de cálculo.
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
2.1.2. Plataforma Arduino
O arduino é uma plataforma livre de desenvolvimento de hardware eletrónico, uma simples
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Figura 3: Placa K8000 da Velleman para domótica.
Figura 4: Protótipo de um sistema automático de rega
comandado pelo telemóvel.
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
placa de circuito impresso com o microcontrolador Atmel AVR (ATmega328P ou outros) e
mais alguns componentes.
Este microcontrolador tem várias caraterísticas principais com por exemplo; a simplicidade de
utilização da programação utilizada; multisistema operativo (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X
e Linux); baixo custo; código livre (open source); e também a possibilidade de atuar no
ambiente que o rodeia lendo os valores provenientes de sensores (acelerómetros, LDRs,
ultrassons, …) e acionando dispositivos de visualização (LEDs, displays/LCDs, ...) e
atuadores (motores, trincos, ...).
A figura 5 mostra algumas placas Arduino que existem.
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Figura 5: Diversas placas Arduino.
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
2.2. Métodos e técnicas utilizadas
Iniciei o meu trabalho, utilizando o EAGLE para fazer o esquemático do circuito do projeto.
Ao longo da elaboração do esquemático, foram feitos alguns ajustes até encontrar a solução
final.
Depois de concluído o esquemático, iniciei a montagem do circuito numa placa de ensaio
(breadboard).
De seguida, comecei a trabalhar na elaboração do código para programação do Arduino, numa
aplicação chamada também Arduino no sistema operativo Linux/Ubuntu. Conforme ia
desenvolvendo o código com a ajuda do professor Paulo Santos, também ia testando o mesmo
e programando o microcontrolador.
Desenvolvi ainda o código para um sistema de recolha de dados ambientais, nomeadamente
luminosidade e temperatura, cujo objetivo foi o de obter valores que me ajudassem a definir
os parâmetros de ajuste do sistema domótico principal do trabalho que será apresentado ao
Júri da PAP.
Por fim, comecei a elaborar este relatório no LibreOffice Writer, que é uma suite de
aplicações de escritório livre e existe para vários sistemas operativos (Microsoft Windows,
Macintosh e Linux).
2.3. Execução do projeto
Nesta secção vai ser explicado com todos os detalhes, tudo o que foi feito ao longo deste ano
no projeto para a minha PAP, desde o esquemático, a lista de material, o código fonte da
programação e ainda outras explicações e detalhes de tudo o que foi importante ao longo desta
jornada, e de tudo o que foi feito para que o projeto final pudesse ser concluído e funcionasse.
Para iniciar o meu projeto, resolvi aproveitar a sugestão do tema feita pelo professor. Cheguei
ao esquemático que apresento na figura 6, após muita pesquisa na Internet e constantes trocas
de opiniões com o meu orientador e professor da disciplina de Eletricidade e Eletrónica, Dr.
Paulo Santos.
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Na tabela 1 encontra-se listado todo o material utilizado no projeto.
Tabela 1 – Lista de material
Item n.º Nome Quantidade Descrição/Valor
1 R1, R3,
R5, R8,
6 Resistência de 10kΩ ¼W
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Figura 6: Esquemático do sistema desenvolvido.
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
R9, R11
2
R2, R4,
R6, R7,
R10
Resistência de 330Ω ¼W
3 R12, R13 Resistência de 2,2kΩ ¼W
4 NTC1 1 Termístor de 10kΩ
5 LDR1 1 Fotoresistência de 100kΩ (VT90N4)
6 C1 1 Condensador eletrolítico de 47μF 16V
7C2, C3,
C43 Condensador cerâmico de 100nF
8 D1..4 4 Díodo rápido 1N4148
9 T1..4 4 Transístor bipolar NPN de silício 2N222
10 Q1 1 Cristal de quartzo de 32,768KHz
11 IC1 1
Circuito integrado relógio de tempo real (RTC) para
barramento série I2C com memória não volátil de
64x8bit
12 IC2 1 Circuito integrado termómetro digital e termostato
13 BB1 1Pilha de lítio CR2032 (tipo botão) com suporte para
circuito impresso
14 SP1 1 Besouro
15 MOD1 1 Arduino Uno + Arduino Ethernet Shield
16 LED1 1 LED amarelo Ø5mm
17 LED2 1 LED branco Ø5mm
18 LED3 1 LED azul Ø5mm
19 LED4 1 LED verde Ø5mm
20 LED5 1 LED vermelho Ø5mm
21 K1..4 4 Relé Finder 40.52 para circuito impresso
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
22 CON1 1Barra de 3 ligadores para circuito impresso com
intervalo de 5mm
23CON2,
CON32
Barra de 2 ligadores para circuito impresso com
intervalo de 5mm
Depois de ter elaborado o esquemático e de o meu orientador o ter revisto, comecei a montá-
lo numa placa de ensaio, primeiro numa versão de recolha de dados atmosféricos, conforme
ilustra a figura 7. Este circuito foi colocado em funcionamento e deixado durante 24 horas na
Biblioteca da Escola a recolher dados da luz e temperatura ambiente. Os dados foram
gravados num cartão de memória Flash Micro SD, inserido num suporte adequado que existe
na placa de rede do Arduino (Arduino Ethernet Shield), e depois tratados com a folha de
cálculo LibreOffice Calc dos quais se obteve o gráfico da figura 8.
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Figura 7: Fotografia do sistema de recolha de dados ambientais.
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Na figura 9, pode-se ver uma fotografia do meu trabalho finalizado e testado com um
computador da sala 14 e com o smartphone Android do meu orientador. Em cima, à esquerda
pode observar-se o besouro, enquanto à direita encontra-se a placa de ensaio com os LEDs e
os transístores de controlo dos relés. Em baixo, à esquerda, pode observar-se os quatro relés
para comutação das cargas elétricas (lâmpada, ventilador e subida e descida da persiana), do
lado direito encontram-se o Arduino e a sua placa de rede Ethernet encaixada superior.
Refira-se que a ligação do Arduino ao computador foi feita através de um cabo USB A-B, mas
numa situação normal de operação deve utilizar-se uma fonte de alimentação de corrente
contínua de 12V que debite pelo menos 1000mA na sua saída, e, claro, a placa de rede do
Arduino deve ser ligada à rede informática, e por conseguinte à Internet, através de um
chicote de rede Ethernet Cat. 5E com ligadores RJ45.
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Figura 8: Representação gráfica dos dados recolhidos durante 24 horas.
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Depois fiz pesquisas na Internet sobre o microcontrolador Arduino, nomeadamente sobre as
suas especificações e programação em linguagem C, sobre os restantes componentes
eletrónicos ativos e analisei também vários exemplos de código fonte que outras pessoas
disponibilizaram na Net e que me foram de extrema utilidade para por tudo a funcionar como
esperava.
Segue-se a listagem de código para o sistema de recolha e registo dos dados ambientais:
/*
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Figura 9: Fotografia do sistema domótico desenvolvido.
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Nome do ficheiro: regista_dados.ino
Nome do programa: Recolha de dados atmosféricos com Arduino e registo
em cartão micro SD
Descrição: Sistema baseado na placa Arduino Uno que permite
recolher dados de luminosidade e de temperatura
durante um período de 24 horas. Para a luminosidade
recorre-se a uma LDR e para a temperatura a uma NTC,
existe ainda o relógio de tempo real (RTC) DS1037
para controlo horário e o termómetro/termostato
digital DS1620. Os dados recolhidos são guardados
num cartão micro SD integrado na placa de rede
(Ethernet Shield) Arduino.
Autor: 10 - Ricardo Sénica
Orientador: Prof. Paulo Santos
Turma: 3.º IE
Disciplina: Eletricidade e Eletrónica;
Prova de Aptidão Profissional (PAP)
Curso: C P de Técnico de Instalações Elétricas
Escola: Escola Secundária Afonso Lopes Vieira
Data: 22/01/2013
*/
/* evocação das bibliotecas necessárias */
#include <Wire.h> // comunicação pelo barramento I2C
#include <SD.h> // comunicação com cartão micro SD
#include "RTClib.h" // relógio e tempo real utilizando a função
// millis() ou o DS1307 com barramento I2C
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
#include "DS1620Lib.h" // comunicação com o termómetro digital DS1620
// A Ethernet Shield comunica com o Arduino Uno através do barramento SPI
// que utiliza os pinos 10 (CS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO) e 13 (SCK), não
// podendo assim ser utilizados para outras funções.
const int chipSelect = 4; // pino CS do cartão micro SD da Ethernet
// Shield
const int LEDpin = 6; // define o pino ao qual se encontra ligado o
// LED sinalizador
// funções de data e hora recorrendo ao relógio e tempo real DS1307, ligado
// através do barramento I2C e utilizando a biblioteca Wire RTC_DS1307
// RTC;
/* definição de variáveis */
int CountLoops = 0; // para contagem dos ciclos do programa principal -
// loop()
String dataString = ""; // cria uma cadeia de carateres para montar os
// dados para registo
// define os pinos para a comunicação série de 3 linhas com o DS1620
int dq = 9; // linha de dados
int clk = 5; // linha de relógio
int rst = 3; // linha de reinicialização
// chama o construtor DS1620 usando como variáveis os pinos
DS1620 thermo = DS1620(dq, clk, rst);
/* função de inicialização do microcontrolador, executada uma só vez */
void setup()
// define pinos de saída
pinMode(10, OUTPUT); // mesmo não sendo utilizado torna o pino CS da
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
// Ethernet Shield como saída
pinMode(chipSelect, OUTPUT); // torna o pino CS do cartão micro SD como
// saída
pinMode(LEDpin, OUTPUT); // torna o pino 6 do Arduino como saída - LED
// de sinalização
// inicia a comunicação série para depuração
Serial.begin(9600);
// inicia a comunicação com o relógio de tempo real DS1307 pelo
// barramento I2C
Wire.begin();
RTC.begin();
if (! RTC.isrunning())
Serial.println("O RTC nao se encontra em funcionamento!");
return;
// a linha seguinte acerta o RTC para a data e hora da compilação deste
// programa
// RTC.adjust(DateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__));
// escreve a configuração pretendida no registo de configuração/estado do
// DS1620
// 10 decimal = 00001010 binário
// ativa CPU-Mode e desativa 1-Shot Mode
// para mais detalhes consultar a folha de dados do componente
// http://pdfserv.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/DS1620.pdf
thermo.write_config(10);
// inicia conversão contínua da temperatura
// a leitura pode ser feita aproximadamente de segundo a segundo
thermo.start_conv();
delay(750); // aguarda a conversão da temperatura
thermo.read_temp(); // faz uma primeira leitura inválida
Serial.print("Cartão micro SD em inicialização ... ");
// verifica se o cartão micro SD está presente e se pode ser inicializado
if (!SD.begin(chipSelect))
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Serial.println("Falha no cartão SD, ou o mesmo não está presente.");
// não faz mais nada
return;
Serial.println("Cartão inicializado com sucesso.");
// abre o ficheiro para escrita, apenas um ficheiro pode ser aberto de
// cada vez
File dataFile = SD.open("datalog.csv", FILE_WRITE);
// se o ficheiro está disponível, escreve nele a cadeia de carateres
if (dataFile)
dataFile.println();
dataFile.print("\"Recolha de dados iniciada em ");
DateTime now = RTC.now(); // lê a data e hora do relógio de tempo
// real
// cria uma cadeia de carateres para montar os dados para registo
String dataString = "";
// monta os dados para registo na cadeia de carateres
dataString += String(now.year());
dataString += "-";
dataString += String(now.month());
dataString += "-";
dataString += String(now.day());
dataString += " ";
dataString += String(now.hour());
dataString += ":";
dataString += String(now.minute());
dataString += ":";
dataString += String(now.second());
dataString += "\"";
dataFile.println(dataString);
dataFile.println("\"==================================================\"");
dataFile.println("\"Hora(hh:mm:ss)\",\"LDR(ADC10\",\"NTC(ADC10)\",\"Temp.
(DS1620)\"");
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
dataFile.close();
Serial.println("");
Serial.print("\"Recolha de dados iniciada em ");
Serial.println(dataString);
Serial.println("==================================================");
Serial.println("\"Hora(hh:mm:ss)\",\"LDR(ADC10\",\"NTC(ADC10)\",\"Temp.
(DS1620)\"");
// se o ficheiro não foi aberto, mostra uma mensagem de erro
else
Serial.println("Erro ao abrir o ficheiro para registo de dados.");
return;
digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH); // acende o LED sinalizador
delay(500); // aguarda meio segundo
digitalWrite(LEDpin, LOW); // apaga o LED sinalizador
/* função principal do programa, executada continuamente */
void loop()
DateTime now = RTC.now(); // lê a data e hora do relógio de tempo real
// inicia a montagem de dados de registo na cadeia de carateres
dataString += String(now.hour());
dataString += ":";
dataString += String(now.minute());
dataString += ":";
dataString += String(now.second());
dataString += ",";
// lê os dois sensores (LDR e NTC) e acrescenta os valores à cadeia de
// carateres
for (int analogPin = 0; analogPin < 2; analogPin++)
int sensor = analogRead(analogPin);
dataString += String(sensor);
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
dataString += ",";
// lê a temperatura em ºC do DS1620 e acrescenta o valor à cadeia de
// carateres
dataString += String(thermo.read_temp());
// abre o ficheiro para escrita, apenas um ficheiro pode ser aberto de
// cada vez
File dataFile = SD.open("datalog.csv", FILE_WRITE);
// se o ficheiro está disponível, escreve nele a cadeia de carateres
if (dataFile)
dataFile.println(dataString);
dataFile.close();
// envia a cadeia de carateres também para a porta de comunicação para
// depuração
Serial.println(dataString);
digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH); // acende o LED sinalizador
delay(100); // aguarda 100 milissegundos
digitalWrite(LEDpin, LOW); // apaga o LED sinalizador
// se o ficheiro não foi aberto, mostra uma mensagem de erro
else
Serial.println("Erro ao abrir o ficheiro para registo de dados.");
return;
delay(59918); // aguarda o tempo necessário para que o ciclo de
// programa se repita a cada minuto
CountLoops ++; // incrementa o contador de ciclos de programa
dataString = ""; // limpa a cadeia de carateres, preparando-a assim
// para nova leitura
// verifica se o registo de dados foi feito por um período de 24 horas
if (CountLoops >= 1440)
Serial.println("");
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Serial.println("Recolha de dados concluída ...");
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("Até à próxima :-)");
Serial.println("");
Serial.flush(); // aguarda que a transmissão de saída esteja concluída
do
// não faz mais nada após conclusão da recolha de dados
while (1);
Segue-se a listagem do código utilizado na programação do sistema principal do meu projeto:
/*
Nome do ficheiro: domotica.ino
Nome do programa: Domótica com Arduino e interface Web
Descrição: Sistema baseado na placa Arduino Uno que permite
comandar via rede informática três componentes
elétricos importantes de uma casa: uma lâmpada; um
ventilador e uma persiana de janela. A comunicação
via rede será assegurada pela placa de rede
(Ethernet Shield) Arduino.
Autor: 10 - Ricardo Sénica
Orientador: Prof. Paulo Santos
Turma: 3.º IE
Disciplina: Eletricidade e Eletrónica;
Prova de Aptidão Profissional (PAP)
- 21 -
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Curso: C P de Técnico de Instalações Elétricas
Escola: Escola Secundária Afonso Lopes Vieira
Data: 22/01/2013
*/
/* evocação das bibliotecas necessárias à utilização da Ethernet Shield */
#include <SPI.h>
#include <Ethernet.h>
// endereço físico (MAC) da Arduino Ethernet Shield
byte mac[] = 0x90, 0xA2, 0xDA, 0x00, 0x40, 0x3E ;
// endereço físico (MAC) da Arduino Ethernet Shield R3
// byte mac[] = 0x90, 0xA2, 0xDA, 0x0D, 0x35, 0x3D ;
// endereço IP da Arduino Ethernet Shield na rede de área local (LAN)
byte ip[] = 172, 16, 0, 206 ;
// endereço IP da Arduino Ethernet Shield R3 na rede de área local (LAN)
// byte ip[] = 192, 168, 1, 2 ;
// endereço IP da porta de ligação à Internet (gateway/router)
byte gateway[] = 172, 16, 0, 254 ;
// endereço IP da porta de ligação à Internet (gateway/router)
// byte gateway[] = 192, 168, 1, 254 ;
byte subnet[] = 255, 255, 252, 0 ; // máscara da subrede
// byte subnet[] = 255, 255, 255, 0 ; // máscara da subrede
// porta TCP/IP para comunicação via rede utilizando o HTTP
EthernetServer server(80);
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
/* definição de constantes, basicamente para dar nome aos pinos mais fácil
de memorizar pelos humanos */
const int LampPin = 6; // número do pino ao qual liga o relé da lâmpada
const int BuzzerPin = 3; // número do pino ao qual liga o besouro
const int FanPin = 2; // número do pino ao qual liga o relé da ventoinha
// número do pino ao qual liga o relé de subida da persiana
const int BlindUpPin = 8;
// número do pino ao qual liga o relé de descida da persiana
const int BlindDownPin = 7;
const int LDRPin = A0; // número do pino analógico de entrada ao
// qual está lidada a LDR (luminosidade)
const int NTCPin = A1; // número do pino analógico de entrada ao
// qual está lidada a NTC (temperatura)
const int LDR_THRESHOLD = 300; // define the value for the light threshold
const int NTC_THRESHOLD = 500; // define the value for the temperature
// threshold
/* definição de variáveis */
String textString; // utilizada para compor as mensagens de texto a
// enviar pela rede e através da ligação série
String readString; // utilizada para guardar as respostas provenientes
// da rede
int LampState = 0; // guarda o estado da lâmpada (0 - desligada,
// 1 – ligada)
int FanState = 0; // guarda o estado da ventoinha (0 - desligada,
// 1 – ligada)
int AutoMode = 1; // guarda o modo de operação (0 - manual,
// 1 – automático)
/* função de inicialização do microcontrolador, executada uma só vez */
void setup()
// define os pinos digitais como saídas
pinMode(LampPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(FanPin, OUTPUT);
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
pinMode(BlindUpPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(BlindDownPin, OUTPUT);
// inicializa a Ethernet Shield
Ethernet.begin(mac, ip, gateway, subnet);
server.begin();
// inicializa a porta de comunicação série com o computador para
depuração
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("Domotica com Arduino"); // envia mensagem inicial para
// confirmação do funcionamento
Serial.println();
/* função principal do programa, executada continuamente */
void loop()
// cria uma ligação de rede com o cliente
EthernetClient client = server.available();
if (client)
while (client.connected())
if (client.available())
char c = client.read();
// lê caráter a caráter o pedido HTTP
if (readString.length() < 100)
// guarda os carateres recebidos na cadeia
readString += c;
// se o pedido HTTP terminou
if (c == '\n')
Serial.println(readString); // envia a mensagem recebida via
// porta série para depuração
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK"); // envia nova página através
// da rede Ethernet utilizando HTTP
client.println("Content-Type: text/html");
client.println();
client.println("<HTML>"); // início do código HTML
client.println("<HEAD>"); // cabeçalho da página HTML
client.println("<meta name=\"apple-mobile-web-app-capable\"
content=\"yes\" />");
client.println("<meta name=\"apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-
style\" content=\"black-translucent\" />");
client.println("<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"initial-
scale=1.5, user-scalable=no\" />");
client.println("<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\"
href=\"http://goo.gl/2dJCD\" />");
client.println("<TITLE>Domótica com Arduino</TITLE>");
client.println("</HEAD>");
client.println("<BODY>"); // corpo da página HTML
client.println("<H1>Domótica com Arduino</H1>");
client.println("<hr />");
client.println("<br />");
// botões para comando dos pinos Arduino aos quais estão ligados
// a lâmpada, o ventilador e os dois movimentos possíveis com o
// motor da persiana
client.println("<a href=\"/?LampOn\">Acender a
lâmpada</a>");
client.println("<a href=\"/?LampOff\">Apagar a
lâmpada</a><br />");
client.println("<br /><br />");
client.println("<a href=\"/?FanOn\">Ligar o ventilador</a>");
client.println("<a href=\"/?FanOff\">Desligar o ventilador</a><br
/>");
client.println("<br /><br />");
client.println("<a href=\"/?BlindUp\">Subir a persiana</a>");
client.println("<a href=\"/?BlindDown\">Descer a
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
persiana</a><br />");
client.println("<br /><br />");
// botão para ativação do modo automático
client.println("<a href=\"/?AutoMode\">Ativar funcionamento
automático</a>");
client.println("<br /><br />");
// exibição de alguns dados sobre o estado ambiental e do Arduino
client.println("<hr />");
textString = "<p>LDR: ";
textString += String(analogRead(LDRPin), DEC);
textString += " — NTC: ";
textString += String(analogRead(NTCPin), DEC);
textString += " — Lâmp.: ";
textString += String(LampState, DEC);
textString += " — Vent.: ";
textString += String(FanState, DEC);
textString += "</p>";
client.println(textString);
// exibição de créditos
client.println("<hr />");
client.println("<H4>Ricardo Sénica, 3.º IE (CPTIE)<br
/>ESALV, junho de 2013</H4>");
client.println("<a href=\"/\">Recarregar a
página</a><br />");
client.println("</BODY>");
client.println("</HTML>"); // fim da página HTML
delay(1);
// termina ligação com o cliente
client.stop();
/* controlo dos pinos do Arduino */
if(readString.indexOf("?LampOn") > 0) // verifica se é para
// acender a lâmpada
digitalWrite(LampPin, HIGH); // coloca no estado lógico alto
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
// o pino da lâmpada
LampState = 1; // atualiza o estado da variável
AutoMode = 0; // desativa o modo automático, ou seja, coloca
// no modo manual
Serial.println("Lampada ligada"); // envia informação através
// da porta série para depuração
else
if(readString.indexOf("?LampOff") > 0) // verifica se é
// para apagar a lâmpada
digitalWrite(LampPin, LOW); // coloca no estado lógico
// baixo o pino da lâmpada
LampState = 0; // atualiza o estado da variável
AutoMode = 0; // desativa o modo automático, ou seja,
// coloca no modo manual
Serial.println("Lampada desligada"); // envia informação
// através da porta série para depuração
else
if(readString.indexOf("?FanOn") > 0) // verifica se é
// para ligar o ventilador
digitalWrite(FanPin, HIGH); // coloca no estado lógico
// alto o pino do ventilador
FanState = 1; // atualiza o estado da variável
AutoMode = 0; // desativa o modo automático, ou seja,
// coloca no modo manual
Serial.println("Ventilador ligado"); // envia informação
// através da porta série para depuração
else
if(readString.indexOf("?FanOff") > 0) // verifica se é
// para desligar o ventilador
digitalWrite(FanPin, LOW); // coloca no estado lógico
// baixo o pino do ventilador
FanState = 0; // atualiza o estado da variável
AutoMode = 0; // desativa o modo automático, ou seja,
// coloca no modo manual
// envia informação através da porta série para depuração
Serial.println("Ventilador desligado");
else
if(readString.indexOf("?BlindUp") > 0) // verifica se
// é para subir a persiana
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
digitalWrite(BlindUpPin, HIGH); // coloca no estado
// lógico alto o pino de subida da persiana
delay(250); // tempo de duração do pulso de comando
// do motor da persiana
digitalWrite(BlindUpPin, LOW); // coloca no estado
// lógico baixo o pino de subida da persiana
Serial.println("Subir a persiana"); // envia
// informação através da porta série para depuração
else
if(readString.indexOf("?BlindDown") > 0) // verifica
// se é para descer a persiana
digitalWrite(BlindDownPin, HIGH); // coloca no
// estado lógico alto o pino de descida da persiana
delay(250); // tempo de duração do pulso de comando
// do motor da persiana
digitalWrite(BlindDownPin, LOW); // coloca no estado
// lógico baixo o pino de descida da persiana
Serial.println("Descer a persiana"); // envia
// informação através da porta série para depuração
else
if(readString.indexOf("?AutoMode") > 0) // verifica
// se é para ativar o modo operação automático
AutoMode = 1; // atualiza variável para modo de
// funcionamento automático
// envia informação através da porta série para depuração
Serial.println("Modo automático selecionado");
else
// verifica se é para ativar o modo operação manual
if(readString.indexOf("?ManualMode") > 0)
AutoMode = 0; // atualiza variável para modo de
// funcionamento manual
// envia informação através da porta série para depuração
Serial.println("Modo manual selecionado");
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
readString = ""; // limpa a cadeia de carateres, preparando-a
// assim para nova leitura
if (AutoMode == 1) // atua as saídas da lâmpada e do ventilador no
// modo automático
if (analogRead(LDRPin) < LDR_THRESHOLD) // se a luminosidade for
// inferior ao valor predefinido
digitalWrite(LampPin, HIGH); // acende a lâmpada
LampState = 1; // atualiza o estado da variável
else // caso contrário
digitalWrite(LampPin, LOW); // apaga a lâmpada
LampState = 0; // atualiza o estado da variável
if (analogRead(NTCPin) > NTC_THRESHOLD) // se a temperatura for
// inferior ao valor predefinido
digitalWrite(FanPin, HIGH); // liga o ventilador
FanState = 1; // atualiza o estado da variável
else // senão
digitalWrite(FanPin, LOW); // desliga o ventilador
FanState = 0; // atualiza o estado da variável
Por último, lista-se o código da página de estilo utilizado pela página Web que o sistema envia
ao cliente que se lhe ligue. Devido às limitações de memória do microcontrolador Arduino, o
ficheiro contendo este código CSS foi colocado num servidor de Internet. Segue-se então a
listagem:
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
/*
Nome do ficheiro: domotica.css
Descrição: Informação de estilo para a interface Web utilizada
na interface Web com o Arduino. A Cascading Style
Sheets, ou simplesmente CSS, é uma linguagem de
estilo utilizada para definir a apresentação de
documentos escritos em HTML ou XML.
Autor: 10 - Ricardo Sénica
Orientador: Prof. Paulo Santos
Turma: 3.º IE
Disciplina: Eletricidade e Eletrónica;
Prova de Aptidão Profissional (PAP)
Curso: C P de Técnico de Instalações Elétricas
Escola: Escola Secundária Afonso Lopes Vieira
Data: 22/01/2013
*/
body
margin: 10px 10px; padding: 0px;
text-align: center;
h1
text-align: center;
font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
h4
text-align: center;
font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
- 30 -
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
p
font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color :#696969;
a
text-decoration: none;
width: 75px;
height: 50px;
border-color: black;
border-top: 2px solid;
border-bottom: 2px solid;
border-right: 2px solid;
border-left: 2px solid;
border-radius: 10px 10px 10px;
-o-border-radius: 10px 10px 10px;
-webkit-border-radius: 10px 10px 10px;
font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
-moz-border-radius: 10px 10px 10px;
background-color: #696969;
padding: 8px;
text-align: center;
a:link color: white; /* cor da ligação não visitada */
a:visited color: white; /* cor da ligação visitada */
a:hover color: white; /* cor da ligação quando o cursor do rato
/* está sobre ela */
a:active color: white; /* cor da ligação selecionada */
hr
height: 2px;
width: 360px;
color: #696969;
background-color: #696969;
Na figura 10, pode observar-se a página Web visualizada num dispositivo cliente do sistema
desenvolvido. Neste caso foi utilizado o software de navegação (browser) Opera. O endereço
IP na rede da Escola era 172.16.0.206, consequentemente a URL era http://172.16.0.206. Caso
- 31 -
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
houvesse conveniência poder-se-ia configurar a porta de ligação, ou router, da ligação da
Escola à Internet para que possibilitasse o acesso a partir do exterior da Escola.
- 32 -
Figura 10: Página Web de comando do sistema domótico desenvolvido.
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
3. Conclusão
No decorrer da realização do meu projeto senti várias dificuldades, tais como a dificuldade em
programar em C o microcontrolador Arduino, as quais só puderam ser ultrapassadas com a
capacidade de trabalho que foi desenvolvido em mim e com o apoio do professor Paulo
Santos.
Ao longo do trabalho, houve algumas dificuldades como por exemplo fazer o código para
comandar a persiana, uma lâmpada e um ventilador, mas com a ajuda do professor consegui
ultrapassar as dificuldades.
O esquemático também foi um bocado difícil de perceber, pois eu nunca tinha tido muito
contacto com estes materiais nem com um esquema assim tão complexo. Mas quando o
professor Paulo Santos me explicou vi que não era assim tão difícil de entender.
- 33 -
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Bibliografia
[1] Top 40 Arduino Projects of the Web, acedido a 11 de março de 2013, em
http://hacknmod.com/hack/top-40-arduino-projects-ofthe-web.
[2] Arduino R3: Testing Ethernet Shield R3, acedido a 11 de março de 2013, em
http://www.homebrew-tech.com/arduino/brewingarduino-
announcement/arduinor3testingethernetshieldr3.
[3] Ethernet Shield LED SERVER, acedido a 11 de março de 2013, em
http://www.instructables.com/id/Ethernet-Shield-LED-WEBSERVER.
[4] Pin Control Over the Internet – Arduino + Ethernet, acedido a 11 de março de 2013,
em http://bildr.org/2011/06/arduino-ethernetpin-control.
[5] Arduino: Basic Network Temp and Humidity monitor, acedido a 12 de março de 2013,
em http://www.yourwarrantyisvoid.com/2012/08/23/arduino-basic-network-temp-and-
humiditymonitor.
[6] Ethernet Web Server Showing Temperature and Humidity, acedido a 12 de março de
2013, em http://arduinoinfo.wikispaces.com/ethernet-temp-humidity.
[7] Arduino temperature logging and webserver with RTC, acedido a 12 de março de
2013, em http://www.bajdi.com/arduinotemperature-logging-and-webserver-with-rtc.
[8] Arduino Ethernet+SD, acedido a 12 de março de 2013, em
http://www.ladyada.net/learn/arduino/ethfiles.html.
[9] Introdução ao Arduino, acedido a 14 de março de 2013, em
http://www.slideshare.net/desisant/introduao-ao-arduino-e-domticalatinoware-2012.
[10] DS1307 RTC Real time clock mini-breakout, acedido a 14 de março de 2013, em
http://www.ladyada.net/learn/breakoutplus/ds1307rtc.html.
[11] Arduino DS1620 Library, acedido a 14 de março de 2013, em
http://wiki.thinkhole.org/ds1620.
[12] Arduino Webserver with Temperature Monitor / Control, acedido a 14 de março de
- 34 -
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
2013, http://arduino.cc/forum/index.php?
PHPSESSID=7defc535c0a14caa0b6deb3087b726fc&topic=114436.msg1008272#msg
1008272.
[13] Domótica, acedido a 18 de março de 2013,
http://html.rincondelvago.com/domotica_4.html.
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Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
- 36 -
Anexos
Relatório da Prova de Aptidão Profissional – Ricardo Jorge C. Sénica
Anexo 1 – Folhas de dados dos principais componentes
1N4148 – Díodo rápido, VRRM=100V, IF=200mA, VF=1V
2N2222 – Transístor bipolar NPN de silício, VCEO=60V, IC=800mA
Arduino Uno – Placa baseada no microcontrolador ATmega328
Arduino Ethernet Shield – Placa de rede ethernet para o Arduino com suporte para
cartão microSD
DS1307 – Relógio de tempo real (RTC) para barramento série I2C com memória
não volátil de 64x8bit
DS1620 – Termómetro digital e termostato
LDR – Célula fotocondutora
NTC – Termístor
Relé Finder 40.52 para circuito impresso
- 37 -
©2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation 1 www.fairchildsemi.com1N/FDLL 914/A/B / 916/A/B / 4148 / 4448 Rev. B2
1N/FD
LL 914/A/B
/ 916/A/B
/ 4148 / 4448 Small Signal D
iode
January 2007
1N/FDLL 914/A/B / 916/A/B / 4148 / 4448Small Signal Diode
Absolute Maximum Ratings* Ta=25°C unless otherwise noted
* These ratings are limiting values above which the serviceability of the diode may be impaired.NOTES:1) These ratings are based on a maximum junction temperature of 200 degrees C.2) These are steady state limits. The factory should be consulted on applications involving pulsed or low duty cycle operations.
Thermal Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Value UnitsVRRM Maximum Repetitive Reverse Voltage 100 V
IO Average Rectified Forward Current 200 mA
IF DC Forward Current 300 mA
if Recurrent Peak Forward Current 400 mA
IFSM Non-repetitive Peak Forward Surge CurrentPulse Width = 1.0 secondPulse Width = 1.0 microsecond
1.04.0
AA
TSTG Storage Temperature Range -65 to + 175 °C
TJ Operating Junction Tempera -65 to + 175 °C
Symbol ParameterMax.
Units1N/FDLL 914/A/B / 4148 / 4448
PD Power Dissipation 500 mW
RθJA Thermal Resistance, Junction to Ambient 300 °C/W
LL-34THE PLACEMENT OF THE EXPANSION GAPHAS NO RELATIONSHIP TO THE LOCATIONOF THE CATHODE TERMINAL
LL-34 COLOR BAND MARKINGDEVICE 1ST BAND 2ND BANDFDLL914 BLACK BROWNFDLL914A BLACK GRAY
DO-35
FDLL914B BROWN BLACKFDLL916 BLACK REDFDLL916A BLACK WHITEFDLL916B BROWN BROWNFDLL4148 BLACK BROWNFDLL4448 BROWN BLACK
-1st band denotes cathode terminal and has wider width
Cathode is denoted with a black band
2 www.fairchildsemi.com1N/FDLL 914/A/B / 916/A/B / 4148 / 4448 Rev. B2
1N/FD
LL 914/A/B
/ 916/A/B
/ 4148 / 4448 Small Signal D
iode
Electrical Characteristics* TA=25°C unless otherwise noted
* Non-recurrent square wave PW = 8.3ms
Typical Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Max. UnitsVR Breakdown Voltage IR = 100µA
IR = 5.0µA10075
VV
VF Forward Voltage 1N914B/4448 1N916B 1N914/916/4148 1N914A/916A 1N916B 1N914B/4448
IF = 5.0mAIF = 5.0mAIF = 10mAIF = 20mAIF = 20mAIF = 100mA
620630
7207301.01.01.01.0
mVmVVVVV
IR Reverse Leakage VR = 20VVR = 20V, TA = 150°CVR = 75V
25505.0
nAµAµA
CT Total Capacitance 1N916A/B/44481N914A/B/4148
VR = 0, f = 1.0MHzVR = 0, f = 1.0MHz
2.04.0
pFpF
trr Reverse Recovery Time IF = 10mA, VR = 6.0V (600mA)Irr = 1.0mA, RL = 100Ω
4.0 ns
Figure 1. Reverse Voltage vs Reverse CurrentBV - 1.0 to 100µA
Figure 2. Reverse Current vs Reverse VoltageIR - 10 to 100V
Figure 3. Forward Voltage vs Forward CurrentVF - 1 to 100µA
Figure 4. Forward Voltage vs Forward CurrentVF - 0.1 to 10mA
110
120
130
140
150
160Ta=25 oC
1 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 100
Reve
rse
Volta
ge, V
R
[V]
Reverse Current, IR [uA]0
20
40
60
80
100
120
10 20 30 50 70 100
Ta= 25 oC
Reve
rse
Curr
ent,
I
R [n
A]
Reverse Voltage, VR [V]
GENERAL RULE: The Reverse Current of a diode will approximately double for every ten (10) Degree C increase in Temperature
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
1 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 100
Ta= 25 oC
Forw
ard
Volta
ge, V
R [
mV]
Forward Current, IF [uA]
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2 3 5 10
Ta= 25 oC
Forw
ard
Volta
ge, V
F [m
V]
Forward Current, IF [mA]
3 www.fairchildsemi.com1N/FDLL 914/A/B / 916/A/B / 4148 / 4448 Rev. B2
1N/FD
LL 914/A/B
/ 916/A/B
/ 4148 / 4448 Small Signal D
iode
Typical Characteristics (Continued)
Figure 5. Forward Voltage vs Forward CurrentVF - 10 to 800mA
Figure 6. Forward Voltage vs Ambient TemperatureVF - 0.01 - 20 mA (- 40 to +65°C)
Figure 7. Total Capacitance Figure 8. Reverse Recovery Time vsReverse Recovery Current
Figure 9. Average Rectified Current (IF(AV))vs Ambient Temperature (TA)
Figure 10. Power Derating Curve
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
10 20 30 50 100 200 300 500 800
Ta= 25 oC
Forw
ard
Volta
ge, V
F [m
V]
Forward Current, IF [mA]0.01 0.1 1 10
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
30.30.03
Typical
Ta= -40 oC
Ta= 25 oC
Ta= +65 oC
Forw
ard
Volta
ge, V
F [m
V]
Forward Current, IF [mA]
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
TA = 25 oC
Tota
l Cap
acita
nce
(pF)
REVERSE VOLTAGE (V)10 20 30 40 50 60
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Ta = 25 oC
Reve
rse
Reco
very
Tim
e, t
rr [n
s]
Reverse Recovery Current, Irr [mA]
IF = 10mA , IRR = 1.0 mA , Rloop = 100 Ohms
0 50 100 1500
100
200
300
400
500
IF(AV) - AVERAGE RECTIFIED CURRENT - mA
Curr
ent (
mA)
Ambient Temperature ( oC)
0 50 100 150 2000
100
200
300
400
500
DO-35
SOT-23
Pow
er D
issi
patio
n, P
D [m
W]
Temperature [ oC]
PN2222A
/ MM
BT2222A
/ PZT2222A —
NPN
General Purpose A
mplifier
© 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.comPN2222A / MMBT2222A / PZT2222A Rev. A3 1
August 2010
PN2222A / MMBT2222A / PZT2222ANPN General Purpose AmplifierFeatures• This device is for use as a medium power amplifier and switch requiring collector currents up to 500mA.• Sourced from process 19.
Absolute Maximum Ratings * Ta = 25°C unless otherwise noted
* This ratings are limiting values above which the serviceability of any semiconductor device may be impaired.NOTES:1) These rating are based on a maximum junction temperature of 150 degrees C.2) These are steady limits. The factory should be consulted on applications involving pulsed or low duty cycle operations.
Thermal Characteristics Ta = 25°C unless otherwise noted
* Device mounted on FR-4 PCB 1.6” × 1.6” × 0.06”.** Device mounted on FR-4 PCB 36mm × 18mm × 1.5mm; mounting pad for the collector lead min. 6cm2.
Symbol Parameter Value UnitsVCEO Collector-Emitter Voltage 40 V
VCBO Collector-Base Voltage 75 V
VEBO Emitter-Base Voltage 6.0 V
IC Collector Current 1.0 A
TSTG Operating and Storage Junction Temperature Range - 55 ~ 150 °C
Symbol ParameterMax.
UnitsPN2222A *MMBT2222A **PZT2222A
PDTotal Device DissipationDerate above 25°C
6255.0
3502.8
1,0008.0
mWmW/°C
RθJC Thermal Resistance, Junction to Case 83.3 °C/W
RθJA Thermal Resistance, Junction to Ambient 200 357 125 °C/W
PN2222A MMBT2222A PZT2222A
E B CTO-92 SOT-23 SOT-223
Mark:1P
C
B
EE
BC
C
PN2222A
/ MM
BT2222A
/ PZT2222A —
NPN
General Purpose A
mplifier
© 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.comPN2222A / MMBT2222A / PZT2222A Rev. A3 2
Electrical Characteristics Ta = 25°C unless otherwise noted
* Pulse Test: Pulse Width ≤ 300μs, Duty Cycle ≤ 2.0%
Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Max. UnitsOff CharacteristicsBV(BR)CEO Collector-Emitter Breakdown Voltage * IC = 10mA, IB = 0 40 V
BV(BR)CBO Collector-Base Breakdown Voltage IC = 10μA, IE = 0 75 V
BV(BR)EBO Emitter-Base Breakdown Voltage IE = 10μA, IC = 0 6.0 V
ICEX Collector Cutoff Current VCE = 60V, VEB(off) = 3.0V 10 nA
ICBO Collector Cutoff Current VCB = 60V, IE = 0VCB = 60V, IE = 0, Ta = 125°C
0.0110
μAμA
IEBO Emitter Cutoff Current VEB = 3.0V, IC = 0 10 nA
IBL Base Cutoff Current VCE = 60V, VEB(off) = 3.0V 20 nA
On CharacteristicshFE DC Current Gain IC = 0.1mA, VCE = 10V
IC = 1.0mA, VCE = 10V IC = 10mA, VCE = 10VIC = 10mA, VCE = 10V, Ta = -55°CIC = 150mA, VCE = 10V *IC = 150mA, VCE = 1V *IC = 500mA, VCE = 10V *
35507535
1005040
300
VCE(sat) Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage * IC = 150mA, IB = 15mAIC = 500mA, IB = 50mA
0.31.0
VV
VBE(sat) Base-Emitter Saturation Voltage * IC = 150mA, IB = 15mAIC = 500mA, IB = 50mA
0.6 1.22.0
VV
Small Signal CharacteristicsfT Current Gain Bandwidth Product IC = 20mA, VCE = 20V, f = 100MHz 300 MHz
Cobo Output Capacitance VCB = 10V, IE = 0, f = 1MHz 8.0 pF
Cibo Input Capacitance VEB = 0.5V, IC = 0, f = 1MHz 25 pF
rb’Cc Collector Base Time Constant IC = 20mA, VCB = 20V, f = 31.8MHz 150 pS
NF Noise Figure IC = 100μA, VCE = 10V,RS = 1.0KΩ, f = 1.0KHz
4.0 dB
Re(hie) Real Part of Common-Emitter High Frequency Input Impedance
IC = 20mA, VCE = 20V, f = 300MHz 60 Ω
Switching Characteristicstd Delay Time VCC = 30V, VEB(off) = 0.5V,
IC = 150mA, IB1 = 15mA10 ns
tr Rise Time 25 ns
ts Storage Time VCC = 30V, IC = 150mA,IB1 = IB2 = 15mA
225 ns
tf Fall Time 60 ns
PN2222A
/ MM
BT2222A
/ PZT2222A —
NPN
General Purpose A
mplifier
© 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.comPN2222A / MMBT2222A / PZT2222A Rev. A3 3
Typical Performance Characteristics
Figure 1. Typical Pulsed Current Gainvs Collector Current
Figure 2. Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltagevs Collector Current
Figure 3. Base-Emitter Saturation Voltagevs Collector Current
Figure 4. Base-Emitter On Voltagevs Collector Current
Figure 5. Collector Cutoff Currentvs Ambient Temperature
Figure 6. Emitter Transition and Output Capacitancevs Reverse Bias Voltage
Typical Pulsed Current Gainvs Collector Current
0.1 0.3 1 3 10 30 100 3000
100
200
300
400
500
I - COLLECTOR CURRENT (mA)
h
- T
YP
ICA
L P
ULS
ED
CU
RR
EN
T G
AIN
C
FE
125 °C
25 °C
- 40 °C
V = 5VCE
Collector-Emitter SaturationVoltage vs Collector Current
1 10 100 500
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
I - COLLECTOR CURRENT (mA)V
-
CO
LLEC
TOR
-EM
ITTE
R V
OLT
AG
E (V
)C
ESAT
25 캜
C
β = 10
125 캜
- 40 캜
°C
°C
°C
Base-Emitter SaturationVoltage vs Collector Current
1 10 100 500
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
I - COLLECTOR CURRENT (mA)
V
-
BA
SE-E
MIT
TER
VO
LTA
GE
(V)
BES
AT
C
β = 10
25 캜
125 캜
- 40 캜°C
°C
°C
IC
Base-Emitter ON Voltage vsCollector Current
0.1 1 10 250.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
I - COLLECTOR CURRENT (mA)V
- B
AS
E-E
MIT
TE
R O
N V
OLT
AG
E (
V)
BE
(ON
)
C
V = 5VCE
25 °C
125 °C
- 40 °C
IC
Collector-Cutoff Currentvs Ambient Temperature
25 50 75 100 125 150
0.1
1
10
100
500
T - AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ( C)
I
- C
OLL
ECTO
R C
UR
REN
T (n
A)
A
V = 40VCB
CB
O
°
Emitter Transition and OutputCapacitance vs Reverse Bias Voltage
0.1 1 10 100
4
8
12
16
20
REVERSE BIAS VOLTAGE (V)
CA
PAC
ITA
NC
E (
pF)
f = 1 MHz
C ob
C te
PN2222A
/ MM
BT2222A
/ PZT2222A —
NPN
General Purpose A
mplifier
© 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.comPN2222A / MMBT2222A / PZT2222A Rev. A3 4
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Figure 7. Turn On and Turn Off Timesvs Collector Current
Figure 8. Switching Times vs Collector Current
Figure 9. Power Dissipation vs Ambient Temperature
Figure 10. Common Emitter Characteristics
Figure 11. Common Emitter Characteristics Figure 12. Common Emitter Characteristics
Turn On and Turn Off Timesvs Collector Current
10 100 10000
80
160
240
320
400
I - COLLECTOR CURRENT (mA)
TIM
E (
nS
)
I = I =
t on
t off
B1
C
B2I c
10
V = 25 Vcc
IC
Switching Timesvs Collector Current
10 100 10000
80
160
240
320
400
I - COLLECTOR CURRENT (mA)
TIM
E (
nS
)
I = I =
t r
t s
B1
C
B2I c
10
V = 25 Vcc
t f
t d
IC
Power Dissipation vsAmbient Temperature
0 25 50 75 100 125 1500
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
TEMPERATURE ( C)
P -
PO
WER
DIS
SIPA
TIO
N (W
)D
o
SOT-223TO-92
SOT-23
Common Emitter Characteristics
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
2
4
6
8
I - COLLECTOR CURRENT (mA)
CH
AR
. REL
ATIV
E TO
VA
LUES
AT
I =
10m
A
V = 10 VCE
C
C T = 25 CA o
hoe
h re
h fe
h ie
Common Emitter Characteristics
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
2.4
T - AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ( C)
CH
AR
. REL
ATIV
E TO
VA
LUES
AT
T =
25
C
V = 10 VCE
A
A I = 10 mAC
hoe
hre
hfe
hie
o
o
Common Emitter Characteristics
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350.750.8
0.850.9
0.951
1.051.1
1.151.2
1.251.3
V - COLLECTOR VOLTAGE (V)
CH
AR
. REL
ATIV
E TO
VA
LUES
AT
V =
10V
CE
CE T = 25 CA
o
hoe
h re
h fe
h ie
I = 10 mAC
Arduino Uno
Arduino Uno R3 Front Arduino Uno R3 Back
Arduino Uno R2 Front Arduino Uno SMD Arduino Uno Front Arduino Uno Back
Overview
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power
jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect
it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features
the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
Revision 2 of the Uno board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.
Revision 3 of the board has the following new features:
1.0 pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two other new pins placed near to the
RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the board. In future, shields will be
compatible both with the board that use the AVR, which operate with 5V and with the Arduino Due that operate with
3.3V. The second one is a not connected pin, that is reserved for future purposes.
Stronger RESET circuit.
Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.
"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The Uno and version 1.0 will be
the reference versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the
reference model for the Arduino platform; for a comparison with previous versions, see the index of Arduino boards.
Summary
Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
1
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz
Schematic & Reference Design
EAGLE files: arduino-uno-Rev3-reference-design.zip (NOTE: works with Eagle 6.0 and newer)
Schematic: arduino-uno-Rev3-schematic.pdf
Note: The Arduino reference design can use an Atmega8, 168, or 328, Current models use an ATmega328, but an
Atmega8 is shown in the schematic for reference. The pin configuration is identical on all three processors.
Power
The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is
selected automatically.
External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be
connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in
the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.
The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may
supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat
and damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.
The power pins are as follows:
VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from
the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage
via the power jack, access it through this pin.
5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be supplied with power either
from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via
the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board. We don't advise it.
3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.
GND. Ground pins.
Memory
The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM
(which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).
Input and Output
Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and
digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an
internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:
Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to
the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or
falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
2
SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library.
LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when
the pin is LOW, it's off.
The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different
values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range
using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function. Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:
TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication using the Wire library.
There are a couple of other pins on the board:
AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which
block the one on the board.
See also the mapping between Arduino pins and ATmega328 ports. The mapping for the Atmega8, 168, and 328 is
identical.
Communicat ion
The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other
microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0
(RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial communication over USB and appears as a virtual
com port to software on the computer. The '16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no external driver
is needed. However, on Windows, a .inf file is required. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows
simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is
being transmitted via the USB-to-serial chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on
pins 0 and 1).
A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Uno's digital pins.
The ATmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to
simplify use of the I2C bus; see the documentation for details. For SPI communication, use the SPI library.
Programming
The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). Select "Arduino Uno from the Tools >
Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). For details, see the reference and tutorials.
The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it
without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference,
C header files).
You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming)
header; see these instructions for details.
The ATmega16U2 (or 8U2 in the rev1 and rev2 boards) firmware source code is available . The ATmega16U2/8U2 is
loaded with a DFU bootloader, which can be activated by:
On Rev1 boards: connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board (near the map of Italy) and then resetting
the 8U2.
On Rev2 or later boards: there is a resistor that pulling the 8U2/16U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put
into DFU mode.
You can then use Atmel's FLIP software (Windows) or the DFU programmer (Mac OS X and Linux) to load a new
firmware. Or you can use the ISP header with an external programmer (overwriting the DFU bootloader). See this user-
contributed tutorial for more information.
Automatic (Software) Reset
Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Uno is designed in a way that
allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the
3
ATmega8U2/16U2 is connected to the reset line of the ATmega328 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is
asserted (taken low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to
allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment. This means that the
bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of the upload.
This setup has other implications. When the Uno is connected to either a computer running Mac OS X or Linux, it
resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the following half-second or so, the bootloader
is running on the Uno. While it is programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code),
it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is opened. If a sketch running on the
board receives one-time configuration or other data when it first starts, make sure that the software with which it
communicates waits a second after opening the connection and before sending this data.
The Uno contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset. The pads on either side of the trace can be soldered
together to re-enable it. It's labeled "RESET-EN". You may also be able to disable the auto-reset by connecting a 110
ohm resistor from 5V to the reset line; see this forum thread for details.
USB Overcurrent Protection
The Arduino Uno has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB ports from shorts and overcurrent.
Although most computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse provides an extra layer of protection. If more
than 500 mA is applied to the USB port, the fuse will automatically break the connection until the short or overload is
removed.
Physical Characteristics
The maximum length and width of the Uno PCB are 2.7 and 2.1 inches respectively, with the USB connector and power
jack extending beyond the former dimension. Four screw holes allow the board to be attached to a surface or case. Note
that the distance between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other
pins.
4
Arduino Ethernet Shield
Arduino Ethernet Shield R3 Front Arduino Ethernet Shield R3 Back
Arduino Ethernet Shield
Download: arduino-ethernet-shield-06-schematic.pdf, arduino-ethernet-shield-06-reference-design.zip
Overview
The Arduino Ethernet Shield connects your Arduino to the internet in mere minutes. Just plug this module onto your
Arduino board, connect it to your network with an RJ45 cable (not included) and follow a few simple instructions to
start controlling your world through the internet. As always with Arduino, every element of the platform – hardware,
software and documentation – is freely available and open-source. This means you can learn exactly how it's made and
use its design as the starting point for your own circuits. Hundreds of thousands of Arduino boards are already fueling
people’s creativity all over the world, everyday. Join us now, Arduino is you!
Requires and Arduino board (not included)
Operating voltage 5V (supplied from the Arduino Board)
Ethernet Controller: W5100 with internal 16K buffer
Connection speed: 10/100Mb
Connection with Arduino on SPI port
Description
The Arduino Ethernet Shield allows an Arduino board to connect to the internet. It is based on the Wiznet W5100
ethernet chip (datasheet). The Wiznet W5100 provides a network (IP) stack capable of both TCP and UDP. It supports
up to four simultaneous socket connections. Use the Ethernet library to write sketches which connect to the internet
using the shield. The ethernet shield connects to an Arduino board using long wire-wrap headers which extend through
the shield. This keeps the pin layout intact and allows another shield to be stacked on top.
The most recent revision of the board exposes the 1.0 pinout on rev 3 of the Arduino UNO board.
The Ethernet Shield has a standard RJ-45 connection, with an integrated line transformer and Power over Ethernet
enabled.
1
There is an onboard micro-SD card slot, which can be used to store files for serving over the network. It is compatible
with the Arduino Uno and Mega (using the Ethernet library). The onboard microSD card reader is accessible through
the SD Library. When working with this library, SS is on Pin 4. The original revision of the shield contained a full-size
SD card slot; this is not supported.
The shield also includes a reset controller, to ensure that the W5100 Ethernet module is properly reset on power-up.
Previous revisions of the shield were not compatible with the Mega and need to be manually reset after power-up.
The current shield has a Power over Ethernet (PoE) module designed to extract power from a conventional twisted pair
Category 5 Ethernet cable:
IEEE802.3af compliant
Low output ripple and noise (100mVpp)
Input voltage range 36V to 57V
Overload and short-circuit protection
9V Output
High efficiency DC/DC converter: typ 75% @ 50% load
1500V isolation (input to output)
NB: the Power over Ethernet module is proprietary hardware not made by Arduino, it is a third party accessory. For
more information, see the datasheet
The shield does not come with the PoE module built in, it is a separate component that must be added on.
Arduino communicates with both the W5100 and SD card using the SPI bus (through the ICSP header). This is on
digital pins 11, 12, and 13 on the Duemilanove and pins 50, 51, and 52 on the Mega. On both boards, pin 10 is used to
select the W5100 and pin 4 for the SD card. These pins cannot be used for general i/o. On the Mega, the hardware SS
pin, 53, is not used to select either the W5100 or the SD card, but it must be kept as an output or the SPI interface won't
work.
Note that because the W5100 and SD card share the SPI bus, only one can be active at a time. If you are using both
peripherals in your program, this should be taken care of by the corresponding libraries. If you're not using one of the
peripherals in your program, however, you'll need to explicitly deselect it. To do this with the SD card, set pin 4 as an
output and write a high to it. For the W5100, set digital pin 10 as a high output.
The shield provides a standard RJ45 ethernet jack.
The reset button on the shield resets both the W5100 and the Arduino board.
The shield contains a number of informational LEDs:
PWR: indicates that the board and shield are powered
LINK: indicates the presence of a network link and flashes when the shield transmits or receives data
FULLD: indicates that the network connection is full duplex
100M: indicates the presence of a 100 Mb/s network connection (as opposed to 10 Mb/s)
RX: flashes when the shield receives data
TX: flashes when the shield sends data
COLL: flashes when network collisions are detected
The solder jumper marked "INT" can be connected to allow the Arduino board to receive interrupt-driven notification
of events from the W5100, but this is not supported by the Ethernet library. The jumper connects the INT pin of the
W5100 to digital pin 2 of the Arduino.
See also: getting started with the ethernet shield and Ethernet library reference
2
AVAILABLE
Functional Diagrams
Pin Configurations appear at end of data sheet.Functional Diagrams continued at end of data sheet.UCSP is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maximintegrated.com.
REV: 100208
GENERAL DESCRIPTION The DS1307 serial real-time clock (RTC) is a low-power, full binary-coded decimal (BCD) clock/calendar plus 56 bytes of NV SRAM. Address and data are transferred serially through an I2C, bidirectional bus. The clock/calendar provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The end of the month date is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour format with AM/PM indicator. The DS1307 has a built-in power-sense circuit that detects power failures and automatically switches to the backup supply. Timekeeping operation continues while the part operates from the backup supply. TYPICAL OPERATING CIRCUIT
FEATURES Real-Time Clock (RTC) Counts Seconds,
Minutes, Hours, Date of the Month, Month, Day of the week, and Year with Leap-Year Compensation Valid Up to 2100
56-Byte, Battery-Backed, General-Purpose RAM with Unlimited Writes
I2C Serial Interface Programmable Square-Wave Output Signal Automatic Power-Fail Detect and Switch Circuitry Consumes Less than 500nA in Battery-Backup
Mode with Oscillator Running Optional Industrial Temperature Range:
-40°C to +85°C Available in 8-Pin Plastic DIP or SO Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Recognized PIN CONFIGURATIONS
VCC
SCLSDA
X1
X2VBAT
GND
SQW/OUTVCC
SCLSDA
X1
X2VBAT
GND
SQW/OUT
PDIP (300 mils)SO (150 mils)
TOP VIEW
ORDERING INFORMATION PART TEMP RANGE VOLTAGE (V) PIN-PACKAGE TOP MARK*
DS1307+ 0°C to +70°C 5.0 8 PDIP (300 mils) DS1307 DS1307N+ -40°C to +85°C 5.0 8 PDIP (300 mils) DS1307N DS1307Z+ 0°C to +70°C 5.0 8 SO (150 mils) DS1307 DS1307ZN+ -40°C to +85°C 5.0 8 SO (150 mils) DS1307N DS1307Z+T&R 0°C to +70°C 5.0 8 SO (150 mils) Tape and Reel DS1307 DS1307ZN+T&R -40°C to +85°C 5.0 8 SO (150 mils) Tape and Reel DS1307N
+Denotes a lead-free/RoHS-compliant package. *A “+” anywhere on the top mark indicates a lead-free package. An “N” anywhere on the top mark indicates an industrial temperature range device.
DS130
CPU
V CC
V CC
V CC
SDA
SCL
GND
X2 X1
V CC
R PU R PU CRYSTAL
SQW/OUT
V BAT
R PU = t r /C b
DS1307 64 x 8, Serial, I2C Real-Time Clock
DS1307 64 x 8, Serial, I2C Real-Time Clock
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ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Voltage Range on Any Pin Relative to Ground ................................................................................ -0.5V to +7.0V Operating Temperature Range (Noncondensing)
Commercial .......................................................................................................................... 0°C to +70°C Industrial ............................................................................................................................ -40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range ......................................................................................................... -55°C to +125°C Soldering Temperature (DIP, leads) .................................................................................... +260°C for 10 seconds Soldering Temperature (surface mount)…..……………………….Refer to the JPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 Specification.
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to the absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
RECOMMENDED DC OPERATING CONDITIONS (TA = 0°C to +70°C, TA = -40°C to +85°C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Supply Voltage VCC 4.5 5.0 5.5 V
Logic 1 Input VIH 2.2 VCC + 0.3 V
Logic 0 Input VIL -0.3 +0.8 V
VBAT Battery Voltage VBAT 2.0 3 3.5 V
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 4.5V to 5.5V; TA = 0°C to +70°C, TA = -40°C to +85°C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Input Leakage (SCL) ILI -1 1 µA
I/O Leakage (SDA, SQW/OUT) ILO -1 1 µA
Logic 0 Output (IOL = 5mA) VOL 0.4 V Active Supply Current (fSCL = 100kHz) ICCA 1.5 mA
Standby Current ICCS (Note 3) 200 µA
VBAT Leakage Current IBATLKG 5 50 nA
Power-Fail Voltage (VBAT = 3.0V) VPF 1.216 x VBAT
1.25 x VBAT
1.284 x VBAT
V
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 0V, VBAT = 3.0V; TA = 0°C to +70°C, TA = -40°C to +85°C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
VBAT Current (OSC ON); SQW/OUT OFF IBAT1 300 500 nA
VBAT Current (OSC ON); SQW/OUT ON (32kHz) IBAT2 480 800 nA
VBAT Data-Retention Current (Oscillator Off) IBATDR 10 100 nA
WARNING: Negative undershoots below -0.3V while the part is in battery-backed mode may cause loss of data.
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AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 4.5V to 5.5V; TA = 0°C to +70°C, TA = -40°C to +85°C.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
SCL Clock Frequency fSCL 0 100 kHz Bus Free Time Between a STOP and START Condition tBUF 4.7 µs
Hold Time (Repeated) START Condition tHD:STA (Note 4) 4.0 µs
LOW Period of SCL Clock tLOW 4.7 µs
HIGH Period of SCL Clock tHIGH 4.0 µs Setup Time for a Repeated START Condition tSU:STA 4.7 µs
Data Hold Time tHD:DAT 0 µs
Data Setup Time tSU:DAT (Notes 5, 6) 250 ns
Rise Time of Both SDA and SCL Signals tR 1000 ns
Fall Time of Both SDA and SCL Signals tF 300 ns
Setup Time for STOP Condition tSU:STO 4.7 µs
CAPACITANCE (TA = +25°C)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Pin Capacitance (SDA, SCL) CI/O 10 pF Capacitance Load for Each Bus Line CB (Note 7) 400 pF
Note 1: All voltages are referenced to ground. Note 2: Limits at -40°C are guaranteed by design and are not production tested. Note 3: ICCS specified with VCC = 5.0V and SDA, SCL = 5.0V. Note 4: After this period, the first clock pulse is generated. Note 5: A device must internally provide a hold time of at least 300ns for the SDA signal (referred to the VIH(MIN) of the SCL
signal) to bridge the undefined region of the falling edge of SCL. Note 6: The maximum tHD:DAT only has to be met if the device does not stretch the LOW period (tLOW) of the SCL signal. Note 7: CB—total capacitance of one bus line in pF.
DS1307 64 x 8, Serial, I2C Real-Time Clock
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TIMING DIAGRAM
Figure 1. Block Diagram
RAM(56 X 8)
SERIAL BUSINTERFACE
AND ADDRESSREGISTER
CONTROLLOGIC
1Hz
1Hz/4.096kHz/8.192kHz/32.768kHz MUX/BUFFER
USER BUFFER(7 BYTES)
CLOCK,CALENDAR,
AND CONTROLREGISTERS
POWERCONTROL
DS1307
X1CL
CLX2
SDA
SCL
SQW/OUT
VCC
GND
VBAT
Oscillatorand divider
N
START
SDA
STOP
SCL
t SU:STO
t HD:STA
t SU:STA
REPEATED START
t HD:DAT
t HIGH
t F t LOW t R
t HD:STA
t BUF
SU:DAT
DS1307 64 x 8, Serial, I2C Real-Time Clock
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TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5.0V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
ICCS vs. VCC
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0VCC (V)
SUPP
LY C
URRE
NT (u
A
VBAT=3.0V
IBAT vs. Temperature
175.0
225.0
275.0
325.0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPP
LY C
URRE
NT (n
A
VCC=0V, VBAT=3.0
SQW=32kHz
SQW off
IBAT vs. VBAT
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5VBACKUP (V)
SUPP
LY C
URRE
NT (n
A
SQW=32kHz
SQW off
VCC = 0V
SQW/OUT vs. Supply Voltage
32768
32768.1
32768.2
32768.3
32768.4
32768.5
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5Supply (V)
FREQ
UENC
Y (H
z)
DS1307 64 x 8, Serial, I2C Real-Time Clock
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PIN DESCRIPTION PIN NAME FUNCTION
1 X1 Connections for Standard 32.768kHz Quartz Crystal. The internal oscillator circuitry is designed for operation with a crystal having a specified load capacitance (CL) of 12.5pF. X1 is the input to the oscillator and can optionally be connected to an external 32.768kHz oscillator. The output of the internal oscillator, X2, is floated if an external oscillator is connected to X1. Note: For more information on crystal selection and crystal layout considerations, refer to Application Note 58: Crystal Considerations with Dallas Real-Time Clocks.
2 X2
3 VBAT
Backup Supply Input for Any Standard 3V Lithium Cell or Other Energy Source. Battery voltage must be held between the minimum and maximum limits for proper operation. Diodes in series between the battery and the VBAT pin may prevent proper operation. If a backup supply is not required, VBAT must be grounded. The nominal power-fail trip point (VPF) voltage at which access to the RTC and user RAM is denied is set by the internal circuitry as 1.25 x VBAT nominal. A lithium battery with 48mAh or greater will back up the DS1307 for more than 10 years in the absence of power at +25°C. UL recognized to ensure against reverse charging current when used with a lithium battery. Go to: www.maxim-ic.com/qa/info/ul/.
4 GND Ground
5 SDA Serial Data Input/Output. SDA is the data input/output for the I2C serial interface. The SDA pin is open drain and requires an external pullup resistor. The pullup voltage can be up to 5.5V regardless of the voltage on VCC.
6 SCL Serial Clock Input. SCL is the clock input for the I2C interface and is used to synchronize data movement on the serial interface. The pullup voltage can be up to 5.5V regardless of the voltage on VCC.
7 SQW/OUT
Square Wave/Output Driver. When enabled, the SQWE bit set to 1, the SQW/OUT pin outputs one of four square-wave frequencies (1Hz, 4kHz, 8kHz, 32kHz). The SQW/OUT pin is open drain and requires an external pullup resistor. SQW/OUT operates with either VCC or VBAT applied. The pullup voltage can be up to 5.5V regardless of the voltage on VCC. If not used, this pin can be left floating.
8 VCC
Primary Power Supply. When voltage is applied within normal limits, the device is fully accessible and data can be written and read. When a backup supply is connected to the device and VCC is below VTP, read and writes are inhibited. However, the timekeeping function continues unaffected by the lower input voltage.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION The DS1307 is a low-power clock/calendar with 56 bytes of battery-backed SRAM. The clock/calendar provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The date at the end of the month is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for leap year. The DS1307 operates as a slave device on the I2C bus. Access is obtained by implementing a START condition and providing a device identification code followed by a register address. Subsequent registers can be accessed sequentially until a STOP condition is executed. When VCC falls below 1.25 x VBAT, the device terminates an access in progress and resets the device address counter. Inputs to the device will not be recognized at this time to prevent erroneous data from being written to the device from an out-of-tolerance system. When VCC falls below VBAT, the device switches into a low-current battery-backup mode. Upon power-up, the device switches from battery to VCC when VCC is greater than VBAT +0.2V and recognizes inputs when VCC is greater than 1.25 x VBAT. The block diagram in Figure 1 shows the main elements of the serial RTC.
DS1307 64 x 8, Serial, I2C Real-Time Clock
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OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT The DS1307 uses an external 32.768kHz crystal. The oscillator circuit does not require any external resistors or capacitors to operate. Table 1 specifies several crystal parameters for the external crystal. Figure 1 shows a functional schematic of the oscillator circuit. If using a crystal with the specified characteristics, the startup time is usually less than one second. CLOCK ACCURACY The accuracy of the clock is dependent upon the accuracy of the crystal and the accuracy of the match between the capacitive load of the oscillator circuit and the capacitive load for which the crystal was trimmed. Additional error will be added by crystal frequency drift caused by temperature shifts. External circuit noise coupled into the oscillator circuit may result in the clock running fast. Refer to Application Note 58: Crystal Considerations with Dallas Real-Time Clocks for detailed information. Table 1. Crystal Specifications*
PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS Nominal Frequency fO 32.768 kHz Series Resistance ESR 45 kΩ Load Capacitance CL 12.5 pF
*The crystal, traces, and crystal input pins should be isolated from RF generating signals. Refer to Application Note 58: Crystal Considerations for Dallas Real-Time Clocks for additional specifications. Figure 2. Recommended Layout for Crystal RTC AND RAM ADDRESS MAP Table 2 shows the address map for the DS1307 RTC and RAM registers. The RTC registers are located in address locations 00h to 07h. The RAM registers are located in address locations 08h to 3Fh. During a multibyte access, when the address pointer reaches 3Fh, the end of RAM space, it wraps around to location 00h, the beginning of the clock space.
NOTE: AVOID ROUTING SIGNAL LINES IN THE CROSSHATCHED AREA (UPPER LEFT QUADRANT) OF THE PACKAGE UNLESS THERE IS A GROUND PLANE BETWEEN THE SIGNAL LINE AND THE DEVICE PACKAGE.
LOCAL GROUND PLANE (LAYER 2)
CRYSTAL X1
X2
GND
DS1307 64 x 8, Serial, I2C Real-Time Clock
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CLOCK AND CALENDAR The time and calendar information is obtained by reading the appropriate register bytes. Table 2 shows the RTC registers. The time and calendar are set or initialized by writing the appropriate register bytes. The contents of the time and calendar registers are in the BCD format. The day-of-week register increments at midnight. Values that correspond to the day of week are user-defined but must be sequential (i.e., if 1 equals Sunday, then 2 equals Monday, and so on.) Illogical time and date entries result in undefined operation. Bit 7 of Register 0 is the clock halt (CH) bit. When this bit is set to 1, the oscillator is disabled. When cleared to 0, the oscillator is enabled. On first application of power to the device the time and date registers are typically reset to 01/01/00 01 00:00:00 (MM/DD/YY DOW HH:MM:SS). The CH bit in the seconds register will be set to a 1. The clock can be halted whenever the timekeeping functions are not required, which minimizes current (IBATDR). The DS1307 can be run in either 12-hour or 24-hour mode. Bit 6 of the hours register is defined as the 12-hour or 24-hour mode-select bit. When high, the 12-hour mode is selected. In the 12-hour mode, bit 5 is the AM/PM bit with logic high being PM. In the 24-hour mode, bit 5 is the second 10-hour bit (20 to 23 hours). The hours value must be re-entered whenever the 12/24-hour mode bit is changed. When reading or writing the time and date registers, secondary (user) buffers are used to prevent errors when the internal registers update. When reading the time and date registers, the user buffers are synchronized to the internal registers on any I2C START. The time information is read from these secondary registers while the clock continues to run. This eliminates the need to re-read the registers in case the internal registers update during a read. The divider chain is reset whenever the seconds register is written. Write transfers occur on the I2C acknowledge from the DS1307. Once the divider chain is reset, to avoid rollover issues, the remaining time and date registers must be written within one second. Table 2. Timekeeper Registers ADDRESS BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 FUNCTION RANGE
00h CH 10 Seconds Seconds Seconds 00–59 01h 0 10 Minutes Minutes Minutes 00–59
02h 0 12 10
Hour 10 Hour Hours Hours
1–12 +AM/PM 00–23 24 PM/
AM 03h 0 0 0 0 0 DAY Day 01–07 04h 0 0 10 Date Date Date 01–31
05h 0 0 0 10 Month Month Month 01–12
06h 10 Year Year Year 00–99 07h OUT 0 0 SQWE 0 0 RS1 RS0 Control —
08h–3Fh RAM 56 x 8 00h–FFh
0 = Always reads back as 0.
DS1307 64 x 8, Serial, I2C Real-Time Clock
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CONTROL REGISTER The DS1307 control register is used to control the operation of the SQW/OUT pin.
BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 OUT 0 0 SQWE 0 0 RS1 RS0
Bit 7: Output Control (OUT). This bit controls the output level of the SQW/OUT pin when the square-wave output is disabled. If SQWE = 0, the logic level on the SQW/OUT pin is 1 if OUT = 1 and is 0 if OUT = 0. On initial application of power to the device, this bit is typically set to a 0. Bit 4: Square-Wave Enable (SQWE). This bit, when set to logic 1, enables the oscillator output. The frequency of the square-wave output depends upon the value of the RS0 and RS1 bits. With the square-wave output set to 1Hz, the clock registers update on the falling edge of the square wave. On initial application of power to the device, this bit is typically set to a 0. Bits 1 and 0: Rate Select (RS[1:0]). These bits control the frequency of the square-wave output when the square-wave output has been enabled. The following table lists the square-wave frequencies that can be selected with the RS bits. On initial application of power to the device, these bits are typically set to a 1.
RS1 RS0 SQW/OUT OUTPUT SQWE OUT 0 0 1Hz 1 X 0 1 4.096kHz 1 X 1 0 8.192kHz 1 X 1 1 32.768kHz 1 X X X 0 0 0 X X 1 0 1
DS1307 64 x 8, Serial, I2C Real-Time Clock
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I2C DATA BUS The DS1307 supports the I2C protocol. A device that sends data onto the bus is defined as a transmitter and a device receiving data as a receiver. The device that controls the message is called a master. The devices that are controlled by the master are referred to as slaves. The bus must be controlled by a master device that generates the serial clock (SCL), controls the bus access, and generates the START and STOP conditions. The DS1307 operates as a slave on the I2C bus. Figures 3, 4, and 5 detail how data is transferred on the I2C bus. Data transfer can be initiated only when the bus is not busy. During data transfer, the data line must remain stable whenever the clock line is HIGH. Changes in the data
line while the clock line is high will be interpreted as control signals. Accordingly, the following bus conditions have been defined:
Bus not busy: Both data and clock lines remain HIGH. START data transfer: A change in the state of the data line, from HIGH to LOW, while the clock is HIGH, defines a START condition. STOP data transfer: A change in the state of the data line, from LOW to HIGH, while the clock line is HIGH, defines the STOP condition. Data valid: The state of the data line represents valid data when, after a START condition, the data line is stable for the duration of the HIGH period of the clock signal. The data on the line must be changed during the LOW period of the clock signal. There is one clock pulse per bit of data.
Each data transfer is initiated with a START condition and terminated with a STOP condition. The number of data bytes transferred between START and STOP conditions is not limited, and is determined by the master device. The information is transferred byte-wise and each receiver acknowledges with a ninth bit. Within the I2C bus specifications a standard mode (100kHz clock rate) and a fast mode (400kHz clock rate) are defined. The DS1307 operates in the standard mode (100kHz) only. Acknowledge: Each receiving device, when addressed, is obliged to generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte. The master device must generate an extra clock pulse which is associated with this acknowledge bit.
A device that acknowledges must pull down the SDA line during the acknowledge clock pulse in such a way that the SDA line is stable LOW during the HIGH period of the acknowledge related clock pulse. Of course, setup and hold times must be taken into account. A master must signal an end of data to the slave by not generating an acknowledge bit on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. In this case, the slave must leave the data line HIGH to enable the master to generate the STOP condition.
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Figure 3. Data Transfer on I2C Serial Bus Depending upon the state of the R/W bit, two types of data transfer are possible: 1. Data transfer from a master transmitter to a slave receiver. The first byte transmitted by the master is the
slave address. Next follows a number of data bytes. The slave returns an acknowledge bit after each received byte. Data is transferred with the most significant bit (MSB) first.
2. Data transfer from a slave transmitter to a master receiver. The first byte (the slave address) is transmitted by the master. The slave then returns an acknowledge bit. This is followed by the slave transmitting a number of data bytes. The master returns an acknowledge bit after all received bytes other than the last byte. At the end of the last received byte, a “not acknowledge” is returned.
The master device generates all the serial clock pulses and the START and STOP conditions. A transfer is ended with a STOP condition or with a repeated START condition. Since a repeated START condition is also the beginning of the next serial transfer, the bus will not be released. Data is transferred with the most significant bit (MSB) first.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT SIGNAL FROM RECEIVER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT SIGNAL FROM RECEIVER
R/ W DIRECTION
BIT
REPEATED IF MORE BYTES ARE TRANSFERED
START CONDITION
STOP CONDITION
OR REPEATED
START CONDITION
MSB
1 2 6 7 8 9 1 2 3-7 8 9 ACK ACK
SDA
SCL
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...AXXXXXXXXA1101000S 0 XXXXXXXX A XXXXXXXX A XXXXXXXX A P
<Slave Address> <Word Address (n)> <Data(n)> <Data(n+1)> <Data(n+X)>
S - StartA - Acknowledge (ACK)P - Stop
<RW
>
DATA TRANSFERRED(X+1 BYTES + ACKNOWLEDGE)
Master to slave
Slave to master
AXXXXXXXXA1101000S 1 XXXXXXXX A XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX A P
<Slave Address> <Data(n)> <Data(n+1)> <Data(n+2)> <Data(n+X)>
S - StartA - Acknowledge (ACK)P - StopA - Not Acknowledge (NACK)
<RW
>
DATA TRANSFERRED(X+1 BYTES + ACKNOWLEDGE); NOTE: LAST DATA BYTE IS
FOLLOWED BY A NOT ACKNOWLEDGE (A) SIGNAL)
Master to slave
Slave to master
...A
The DS1307 can operate in the following two modes:
1. Slave Receiver Mode (Write Mode): Serial data and clock are received through SDA and SCL. After each byte is received an acknowledge bit is transmitted. START and STOP conditions are recognized as the beginning and end of a serial transfer. Hardware performs address recognition after reception of the slave address and direction bit (see Figure 4). The slave address byte is the first byte received after the master generates the START condition. The slave address byte contains the 7-bit DS1307 address, which is 1101000, followed by the direction bit (R/W), which for a write is 0. After receiving and decoding the slave address byte, the DS1307 outputs an acknowledge on SDA. After the DS1307 acknowledges the slave address + write bit, the master transmits a word address to the DS1307. This sets the register pointer on the DS1307, with the DS1307 acknowledging the transfer. The master can then transmit zero or more bytes of data with the DS1307 acknowledging each byte received. The register pointer automatically increments after each data byte are written. The master will generate a STOP condition to terminate the data write.
2. Slave Transmitter Mode (Read Mode): The first byte is received and handled as in the slave receiver mode. However, in this mode, the direction bit will indicate that the transfer direction is reversed. The DS1307 transmits serial data on SDA while the serial clock is input on SCL. START and STOP conditions are recognized as the beginning and end of a serial transfer (see Figure 5). The slave address byte is the first byte received after the START condition is generated by the master. The slave address byte contains the 7-bit DS1307 address, which is 1101000, followed by the direction bit (R/W), which is 1 for a read. After receiving and decoding the slave address the DS1307 outputs an acknowledge on SDA. The DS1307 then begins to transmit data starting with the register address pointed to by the register pointer. If the register pointer is not written to before the initiation of a read mode the first address that is read is the last one stored in the register pointer. The register pointer automatically increments after each byte are read. The DS1307 must receive a Not Acknowledge to end a read.
Figure 4. Data Write—Slave Receiver Mode Figure 5. Data Read—Slave Transmitter Mode
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AXXXXXXXX
1101000S
XXXXXXXX A XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX A P
<Slave Address> <Word Address (n)> <Slave Address>
S - StartSr - Repeated StartA - Acknowledge (ACK)P - StopA - Not Acknowledge (NACK)
<RW
>
DATA TRANSFERRED(X+1 BYTES + ACKNOWLEDGE); NOTE: LAST DATA BYTE IS
FOLLOWED BY A NOT ACKNOWLEDGE (A) SIGNAL)
Master to slave
Slave to master
...
AXXXXXXXXA0 1101000Sr A1
<Data(n)> <Data(n+1)> <Data(n+2)> <Data(n+X)>
<RW
>
A
Figure 6. Data Read (Write Pointer, Then Read)—Slave Receive and Transmit PACKAGE INFORMATION For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.
PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO.
8 PDIP — 21-0043
8 SO — 21-0041
DS1307 64 x 8, Serial, I2C Real-Time Clock
REVISION HISTORY REVISION
DATE DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED
100208
Moved the Typical Operating Circuit and Pin Configurations to first page. 1
Removed the leaded part numbers from the Ordering Information table. 1 Added an open-drain transistor to SQW/OUT in the block diagram (Figure 1). 4 Added the pullup voltage range for SDA, SCL, and SQW/OUT to the Pin Description table and noted that SQW/OUT can be left open if not used. 6
Added default time and date values on first application of power to the Clock and Calendar section and deleted the note that initial power-on state is not defined.
8
Added default on initial application of power to bit info in the Control Register section. 9
Updated the Package Information section to reflect new package outline drawing numbers. 13
14Maxim Integrated 160 Rio Robles, San Jose, CA 95134 USA 1-408-601-1000
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
© 2008 Maxim Integrated The Maxim logo and Maxim Integrated are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
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FEATURES Requires no external components Supply voltage range covers from 2.7V to
5.5V Measures temperatures from -55°C to +125°C
in 0.5°C increments; Fahrenheit equivalent is -67°F to +257°F in 0.9°F increments
Temperature is read as a 9-bit value Converts temperature to digital word in 750
ms (max) Thermostatic settings are user-definable and
nonvolatile Data is read from/written via a 3-wire serial
interface (CLK, DQ, RST ) Applications include thermostatic controls,
industrial systems, consumer products, thermometers, or any thermally sensitive system
8-pin DIP or SOIC (208-mil) packages
PIN ASSIGNMENT
PIN DESCRIPTION DQ - 3-Wire Input/Output CLK/ CONV - 3-Wire Clock Input and
Stand-alone Convert Input RST - 3-Wire Reset Input GND - Ground THIGH - High Temperature Trigger TLOW - Low Temperature Trigger TCOM - High/Low Combination Trigger VDD - Power Supply Voltage (3V - 5V)
DESCRIPTION The DS1620 Digital Thermometer and Thermostat provides 9–bit temperature readings which indicate the temperature of the device. With three thermal alarm outputs, the DS1620 can also act as a thermostat. THIGH is driven high if the DS1620’s temperature is greater than or equal to a user–defined temperature TH. TLOW is driven high if the DS1620’s temperature is less than or equal to a user–defined temperature TL. TCOM is driven high when the temperature exceeds TH and stays high until the temperature falls below that of TL.
DS1620Digital Thermometer and
Thermostat
www.maxim-ic.com
6 3
1
2
4
8
7
5
DQ
CLK/CONV
RST
GND
VDD
THIGH
TLOW
TCOM
DS1620S 8-Pin SOIC (208-mil)
6 3
1
2
4
8
7
5
DQ
CLK/CONV
RST
GND
VDD
THIGH
TLOW
TCOM
DS1620 8-Pin DIP (300-mil)
DS1620
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User–defined temperature settings are stored in nonvolatile memory, so parts can be programmed prior to insertion in a system, as well as used in standalone applications without a CPU. Temperature settings and temperature readings are all communicated to/from the DS1620 over a simple 3–wire interface. ORDERING INFORMATION
PART PACKAGE MARKING DESCRIPTION DS1620 DS1620 8-Pin DIP (300 mil) DS1620+ DS1620 (See Note) Lead-Free 8-Pin DIP (300 mil) DS1620S DS1620 8-Pin SOIC (208 mil) DS1620S+ DS1620 (See Note) Lead-Free 8-Pin SOIC (208 mil) DS1620S/T&R DS1620 8-Pin SOIC (208 mil), 2000-Piece Tape-and-Reel DS1620S+T&R DS1620 (See Note) Lead-Free 8-Pin SOIC (208 mil), 2000-Piece
Tape-and-Reel Note: A “+” symbol will also be marked on the package near the Pin 1 indicator DETAILED PIN DESCRIPTION Table 1
PIN SYMBOL DESCRIPTION 1 DQ Data Input/Output pin for 3-wire communication port. 2 CLK/ CONV Clock input pin for 3-wire communication port. When the DS1620 is used in a
stand-alone application with no 3–wire port, this pin can be used as a convert pin. Temperature conversion will begin on the falling edge of CONV .
3 RST Reset input pin for 3-wire communication port. 4 GND Ground pin. 5 TCOM High/Low Combination Trigger. Goes high when temperature exceeds TH;
will reset to low when temperature falls below TL. 6 TLOW Low Temperature Trigger. Goes high when temperature falls below TL. 7 THIGH High Temperature Trigger. Goes high when temperature exceeds TH. 8 VDD Supply Voltage. 2.7V – 5.5V input power pin.
Table 2. DS1620 REGISTER SUMMARY
REGISTER NAME (USER ACCESS) SIZE MEMORY
TYPE REGISTER CONTENTS
AND POWER-UP/POR STATE Temperature (Read Only) 9 Bits SRAM Measured Temperature (Two’s Complement)
Power-Up/POR State: -60ºC (1 1000 1000)
TH (Read/Write) 9 Bits EEPROM
Upper Alarm Trip Point (Two’s Complement) Power-Up/POR State: User-Defined. Initial State from Factory: +15°C (0 0001 1110)
TL (Read/Write) 9 Bits EEPROM
Lower Alarm Trip Point (Two’s Complement) Power-Up/POR State: User-Defined. Initial State from Factory: +10°C (0 0001 0100)
OPERATION-MEASURING TEMPERATURE A block diagram of the DS1620 is shown in Figure 1. . .
DS1620
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DS1620 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 1 The DS1620 measures temperature using a bandgap-based temperature sensor. The temperature reading is provided in a 9–bit, two’s complement reading by issuing a READ TEMPERATURE command. The data is transmitted serially through the 3–wire serial interface, LSB first. The DS1620 can measure temperature over the range of -55C to +125C in 0.5C increments. For Fahrenheit usage, a lookup table or conversion factor must be used. Since data is transmitted over the 3–wire bus LSB first, temperature data can be written to/read from the
DS1620 as either a 9–bit word (taking RST low after the 9th (MSB) bit), or as two transfers of 8–bit words, with the most significant 7 bits being ignored or set to 0, as illustrated in Table 3. After the MSB, the DS1620 will output 0s. Note that temperature is represented in the DS1620 in terms of a ½C LSB, yielding the 9–bit format shown in Figure 2. TEMPERATURE, TH, and TL REGISTER FORMAT Figure 2
X X X X XX X 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
LSB
T = -25°C
MSB
DS1620
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Table 3 describes the exact relationship of output data to measured temperature. . TEMPERATURE/DATA RELATIONSHIPS Table 3
TEMP DIGITAL OUTPUT (Binary)
DIGITAL OUTPUT (Hex)
+125˚C 0 11111010 00FA +25˚C 0 00110010 0032h +½˚C 0 00000001 0001h +0˚C 0 00000000 0000h -½˚C 1 11111111 01FFh -25˚C 1 11001110 01CEh -55˚C 1 10010010 0192h
Higher resolutions may be obtained by reading the temperature, and truncating the 0.5°C bit (the LSB) from the read value. This value is TEMP_READ. The value left in the counter may then be read by issuing a READ COUNTER command. This value is the count remaining (COUNT_REMAIN) after the gate period has ceased. By loading the value of the slope accumulator into the count register (using the READ SLOPE command), this value may then be read, yielding the number of counts per degree C (COUNT_PER_C) at that temperature. The actual temperature may be then be calculated by the user using the following:
TEMPERATURE=TEMP_READ-0.25 + CCOUNT_PER_
IN)COUNT_REMA-_C(COUNT_PER
OPERATION–THERMOSTAT CONTROLS Three thermally triggered outputs, THIGH, TLOW, and TCOM, are provided to allow the DS1620 to be used as a thermostat, as shown in Figure 3. When the DS1620’s temperature meets or exceeds the value stored in the high temperature trip register, the output THIGH becomes active (high) and remains active until the DS1620’s measured temperature becomes less than the stored value in the high temperature register, TH. The THIGH output can be used to indicate that a high temperature tolerance boundary has been met or exceeded, or it can be used as part of a closed loop system to activate a cooling system and deactivate it when the system temperature returns to tolerance. The TLOW output functions similarly to the THIGH output. When the DS1620’s measured temperature equals or falls below the value stored in the low temperature register, the TLOW output becomes active. TLOW remains active until the DS1620’s temperature becomes greater than the value stored in the low temperature register, TL. The TLOW output can be used to indicate that a low temperature tolerance boundary has been met or exceeded, or as part of a closed loop system it can be used to activate a heating system and deactivate it when the system temperature returns to tolerance. The TCOM output goes high when the measured temperature meets or exceeds TH, and will stay high until the temperature equals or falls below TL. In this way, any amount of hysteresis can be obtained.
DS1620
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THERMOSTAT OUTPUT OPERATION Figure 3 OPERATION AND CONTROL The DS1620 must have temperature settings resident in the TH and TL registers for thermostatic operation. A configuration/status register also determines the method of operation that the DS1620 will use in a particular application and indicates the status of the temperature conversion operation. The configuration register is defined as follows: CONFIGURATION/STATUS REGISTER where DONE = Conversion Done Bit. 1=conversion complete, 0=conversion in progress. The power-up/POR state is a 1. THF = Temperature High Flag. This bit will be set to 1 when the temperature is greater than or equal to the value of TH. It will remain 1 until reset by writing 0 into this location or by removing power from the device. This feature provides a method of determining if the DS1620 has ever been subjected to temperatures above TH while power has been applied. The power-up/POR state is a 0. TLF = Temperature Low Flag. This bit will be set to 1 when the temperature is less than or equal to the value of TL. It will remain 1 until reset by writing 0 into this location or by removing power from the device. This feature provides a method of determining if the DS1620 has ever been subjected to temperatures below TL while power has been applied. The power-up/POR state is a 0. NVB = Nonvolatile Memory Busy Flag. 1=write to an E2
memory cell in progress. 0=nonvolatile memory is not busy. A copy to E2
may take up to 10 ms. The power-up/POR state is a 0. CPU = CPU Use Bit. If CPU=0, the CLK/ CONV pin acts as a conversion start control, when RST is low. If CPU is 1, the DS1620 will be used with a CPU communicating to it over the 3–wire port, and the operation of the CLK/ CONV pin is as a normal clock in concert with DQ and RST . This bit is stored in nonvolatile E2
memory, capable of at least 50,000 writes. The DS1620 is shipped with CPU=0.
THIGH
TLOW
TCOM
TL TH T(°C)
DONE THF TLF NVB 1 0 CPU 1SHOT
DS1620
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1SHOT = One–Shot Mode. If 1SHOT is 1, the DS1620 will perform one temperature conversion upon reception of the Start Convert T protocol. If 1SHOT is 0, the DS1620 will continuously perform temperature conversion. This bit is stored in nonvolatile E2
memory, capable of at least 50,000 writes. The DS1620 is shipped with 1SHOT=0. For typical thermostat operation, the DS1620 will operate in continuous mode. However, for applications where only one reading is needed at certain times or to conserve power, the one–shot mode may be used. Note that the thermostat outputs (THIGH, TLOW, TCOM) will remain in the state they were in after the last valid temperature conversion cycle when operating in one–shot mode. OPERATION IN STAND–ALONE MODE In applications where the DS1620 is used as a simple thermostat, no CPU is required. Since the temperature limits are nonvolatile, the DS1620 can be programmed prior to insertion in the system. In order to facilitate operation without a CPU, the CLK/ CONV pin (pin 2) can be used to initiate conversions. Note that the CPU bit must be set to 0 in the configuration register to use this mode of operation. Whether CPU=0 or 1, the 3–wire port is active. Setting CPU=1 disables the stand–alone mode. To use the CLK/ CONV pin to initiate conversions, RST must be low and CLK/ CONV must be high. If CLK/ CONV is driven low and then brought high in less than 10 ms, one temperature conversion will be performed and then the DS1620 will return to an idle state. If CLK/ CONV is driven low and remains low, continuous conversions will take place until CLK/ CONV is brought high again. With the CPU bit set to 0, the CLK/ CONV will override the 1SHOT bit if it is equal to 1. This means that even if the part is set for one–shot mode, driving CLK/ CONV low will initiate conversions. 3–WIRE COMMUNICATIONS The 3–wire bus is comprised of three signals. These are the RST (reset) signal, the CLK (clock) signal, and the DQ (data) signal. All data transfers are initiated by driving the RST input high. Driving the RST input low terminates communication. (See Figures 4 and 5.) A clock cycle is a sequence of a falling edge followed by a rising edge. For data inputs, the data must be valid during the rising edge of a clock cycle. Data bits are output on the falling edge of the clock and remain valid through the rising edge. When reading data from the DS1620, the DQ pin goes to a high-impedance state while the clock is high. Taking RST low will terminate any communication and cause the DQ pin to go to a high-impedance state. Data over the 3–wire interface is communicated LSB first. The command set for the 3–wire interface as shown in Table 4 is as follows. Read Temperature [AAh] This command reads the contents of the register which contains the last temperature conversion result. The next nine clock cycles will output the contents of this register. Write TH [01h] This command writes to the TH (HIGH TEMPERATURE) register. After issuing this command the next nine clock cycles clock in the 9–bit temperature limit which will set the threshold for operation of the THIGH output.
DS1620
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Write TL [02h] This command writes to the TL (LOW TEMPERATURE) register. After issuing this command the next nine clock cycles clock in the 9–bit temperature limit which will set the threshold for operation of the TLOW output. Read TH [A1h] This command reads the value of the TH (HIGH TEMPERATURE) register. After issuing this command the next nine clock cycles clock out the 9–bit temperature limit which sets the threshold for operation of the THIGH output. Read TL [A2h] This command reads the value of the TL (LOW TEMPERATURE) register. After issuing this command the next nine clock cycles clock out the 9–bit temperature limit which sets the threshold for operation of the TLOW output. Read Counter [A0h] This command reads the value of the counter byte. The next nine clock cycles will output the contents of this register. Read Slope [A9h] This command reads the value of the slope counter byte from the DS1620. The next nine clock cycles will output the contents of this register. Start Convert T [EEh] This command begins a temperature conversion. No further data is required. In one–shot mode the temperature conversion will be performed and then the DS1620 will remain idle. In continuous mode this command will initiate continuous conversions. Stop Convert T [22h] This command stops temperature conversion. No further data is required. This command may be used to halt a DS1620 in continuous conversion mode. After issuing this command the current temperature measurement will be completed and then the DS1620 will remain idle until a Start Convert T is issued to resume continuous operation. Write Config [0Ch] This command writes to the configuration register. After issuing this command the next eight clock cycles clock in the value of the configuration register. Read Config [ACh] This command reads the value in the configuration register. After issuing this command the next eight clock cycles output the value of the configuration register.
DS1620
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DS1620 COMMAND SET Table 4
INSTRUCTION
DESCRIPTION
PROTOCOL
3-WIRE BUS DATA AFTER
ISSUING PROTOCOL
NOTES TEMPERATURE CONVERSION COMMANDS
Read Temperature Reads last converted temperature value from temperature register.
AAh <read data>
Read Counter Reads value of count remaining from counter.
A0h <read data>
Read Slope Reads value of the slope accumulator.
A9h <read data>
Start Convert T Initiates temperature conversion. EEh Idle 1 Stop Convert T Halts temperature conversion. 22h Idle 1
THERMOSTAT COMMANDS Write TH Writes high temperature limit value
into TH register. 01h <write data> 2
Write TL Writes low temperature limit value into TL register.
02h <write data> 2
Read TH Reads stored value of high temperature limit from TH register.
A1h <read data> 2
Read TL Reads stored value of low temperature limit from TL register.
A2h <read data> 2
Write Config Writes configuration data to configuration register.
0Ch <write data> 2
Read Config Reads configuration data from configuration register.
ACh <read data> 2
NOTES: 1. In continuous conversion mode, a Stop Convert T command will halt continuous conversion. To
restart, the Start Convert T command must be issued. In one–shot mode, a Start Convert T command must be issued for every temperature reading desired.
2. Writing to the E2 requires up to 10 ms at room temperature. After issuing a write command no further writes should be requested for at least 10 ms.
DS1620
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FUNCTION EXAMPLE Example: CPU sets up DS1620 for continuous conversion and thermostatic function.
CPU MODE
DS1620 MODE (3-WIRE)
DATA (LSB FIRST)
COMMENTS
TX RX 0Ch CPU issues Write Config command TX RX 00h CPU sets DS1620 up for continuous
conversion TX RX Toggle RST CPU issues Reset to DS1620 TX RX 01h CPU issues Write TH command TX RX 0050h CPU sends data for TH limit of +40˚C TX RX Toggle RST CPU issues Reset to DS1620 TX RX 02h CPU issues Write TL command TX RX 0014h CPU sends data for TL limit of +10˚C TX RX Toggle RST CPU issues Reset to DS1620 TX RX A1h CPU issues Read TH command RX TX 0050h DS1620 sends back stored value of TH for
CPU to verify TX RX Toggle RST CPU issues Reset to DS1620 TX RX A2h CPU issues Read TL command RX TX 0014h DS1620 sends back stored value of TL for
CPU to verify TX RX Toggle RST CPU issues Reset to DS1620 TX RX EEh CPU issues Start Convert T command TX RX Drop RST CPU issues Reset to DS1620
READ DATA TRANSFER Figure 4
DS1620
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WRITE DATA TRANSFER Figure 5
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Voltage on Any Pin Relative to Ground –0.5V to +6.0V Operating Temperature –55C to +125C Storage Temperature –55C to +125C Soldering Temperature 260C for 10 seconds * This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability. RECOMMENDED DC OPERATING CONDITIONS PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES Supply VDD 2.7 5.5 V 1,2 Logic 1 VIH 0.7 x VDD VCC + 0.3 V 1 Logic 0 VIL -0.3 0.3 x VDD V 1
NOTE: tCL, tCH, tR, and tF apply to both read and write data transfer.
DS1620
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DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (-55°C to +125°C; VDD=2.7V to 5.5V) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITION MIN MAX UNITS NOTES
0°C to +70°C 3.0V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
±0.5
0°C to +70°C 2.7V ≤ VDD < 3.0V
±1.25
Thermometer Error TERR
-55C to +125C ±2.0
C 2
Thermometer Resolution 12 Bits Logic 0 Output VOL 0.4 V 4 Logic 1 Output VOH 2.4 V 5 Input Resistance RI RST to GND
DQ, CLK to VDD 1 1
M M
Active Supply Current ICC 0°C to +70°C 1 mA 6 Standby Supply Current ISTBY 0°C to +70°C 1.5 µA 6 Input Current on Each Pin
0.4 < VI/O < 0.9 x VDD -10 +10 µA
Thermal Drift ±0.2 °C 7 SINGLE CONVERT TIMING DIAGRAM (STAND-ALONE MODE) AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (-55°C to +125°C; VDD=2.7V to 5.5V) PARAMETERS SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES Temperature Conversion Time TTC 750 ms Data to CLK Setup tDC 35 ns 8 CLK to Data Hold tCDH 40 ns 8 CLK to Data Delay tCDD 150 ns 8, 9, 10 CLK Low Time tCL 285 ns 8 CLK High Time tCH 285 ns 8 CLK Frequency fCLK DC 1.75 MHz 8 CLK Rise and Fall tR, tF 500 ns RST to CLK Setup tCC 100 ns 8
CLK to RST Hold tCCH 40 ns 8
RST Inactive Time tCWH 125 ns 8, 11 CLK High to I/O High-Z tCDZ 50 ns 8 RST Low to I/O High-Z tRDZ 50 ns 8 Convert Pulse Width tCNV 250 ns 500 ms 12
tCNV
CONV
DS1620
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AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (-55°C to +125°C; VDD=2.7V to 5.5V) PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES Input Capacitance CI 5 pF I/O Capacitance CI/O 10 pF EEPROM AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(-55°C to +125°C; VDD=2.7V to 5.5V) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS EEPROM Write Cycle Time 4 10 Ms EEPROM Writes -55C to +55C 50k Writes EEPROM Data Retention -55C to +55C 10 Years NOTES: 1. All voltages are referenced to ground. 2. Valid for design revisions D1 and above. The supply range for Rev. C2 and below is 4.5V < 5.5V. 3. Thermometer error reflects temperature accuracy as tested during calibration. 4. Logic 0 voltages are specified at a sink current of 4 mA 5. Logic 1 voltages are specified at a source current of 1 mA. 6. ISTBY, ICC specified with DQ, CLK/ CONV = VDD, and RST = GND. 7. Drift data is based on a 1000hr stress test at +125°C with VDD = 5.5V 8. Measured at VIH = 0.7 x VDD or VIL = 0.3 x VDD. 9. Measured at VOH = 2.4V or VOL = 0.4V. 10. Load capacitance = 50 pF. 11. tCWH must be 10 ms minimum following any write command that involves the E2
memory. 12. 250ns is the guaranteed minimum pulse width for a conversion to start; however, a smaller pulse
width may start a conversion.
14
Photoconductive Cell VT900 Series
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS inch (mm)
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Parameter Symbol Rating Units
Continuous Power Dissipation Derate Above 25°C
PD∆PD / ∆T
801.6
mWmW/°C
Temperature Range Operating and Storage TA –40 to +75 °C
2
5
ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERICTICS @ 25°C (16 hrs. light adapt, min.)
See page 13 for notes.
Part Number
Resistance (Ohms)
Material Type
Sensitivity (γ, typ.)
Maximum Voltage (V, pk)
Response Time @ 1 fc (ms, typ.)10 lux
2850 K2 fc
2850 KDark
Min. Typ. Max. Typ. Min. sec. Rise (1-1/e) Fall (1/e)
VT9ØN1 6 k 12 k 18 k 6 k 200 k 5 Ø 0.80 100 78 8
VT9ØN2 12 k 24 k 36 k 12 k 500 k 5 Ø 0.80 100 78 8
VT9ØN3 25 k 50 k 75 k 25 k 1 M 5 Ø 0.85 100 78 8
VT9ØN4 50 k 100 k 150 k 50 k 2 M 5 Ø 0.90 100 78 8
VT93N1 12 k 24 k 36 k 12 k 300 k 5 3 0.90 100 35 5
VT93N2 24 k 48 k 72 k 24 k 500 k 5 3 0.90 100 35 5
VT93N3 50 k 100 k 150 k 50 k 500 k 5 3 0.90 100 35 5
VT93N4 100 k 200 k 300 k 100 k 500 k 5 3 0.90 100 35 5
VT935G
Group A 10 k 18.5 k 27 k 9.3 k 1 M 5 3 0.90 100 35 5
Group B 20 k 29 k 38 k 15 k 1 M 5 3 0.90 100 35 5
Group C 31 k 40.5 k 50 k 20 k 1 M 5 3 0.90 100 35 5
4
3 6
LOG (R10/R100)LOG (100/10)
-------------------------------------
1
PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto
NTCLE100E3www.vishay.com Vishay BCcomponents
Revision: 24-Aug-12 1 Document Number: 29049
For technical questions, contact: [email protected] DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
NTC Thermistors, Radial Leaded, Standard PrecisionFEATURES• Accuracy over a wide temperature range
• High stability over a long life
• Excellent price/performance ratio
• UL recognized, file E148885
• Material categorization:For definitions of compliance please see www.vishay.com/doc?99912
APPLICATIONS• Temperature measurement, sensing and control,
temperature compensation in industrial and consumer electronics
DESCRIPTIONThese thermistors have a negative temperature coefficient. The device consists of a chip with two solid copper tin plated leads. It is grey lacquered and color coded, but not insulated.
PACKAGINGThe thermistors are packed in bulk or tape on reel; see code numbers and relevant packaging quantities.
DESIGN-IN SUPPORTFor complete Curve Computation, visit:www.vishay.com/resistors-non-linear/curve-computation-list/
MARKINGThe thermistors are marked with colored bands; see dimensions drawing and “Electrical data and ordering information”.
MOUNTINGBy soldering in any position.Not intended for potted applications.
QUICK REFERENCE DATAPARAMETER VALUE UNIT
Resistance value at 25 °C 3.3 to 470K
Tolerance on R25-value ± 2; ± 3; ± 5 %
B25/85-value 2880 to 4570 K
Tolerance on B25/85-value ± 0.5 to ± 3 %
Operating temperature range:
°CAt zero power dissipation;continuously - 40 to + 125
At zero power dissipation;for short periods 150
Response time (in oil) 1.2 s
Thermal time constant (for information only) 15 s
Dissipation factor (for information only)
7mW/K8.5
(for R25-value 680 )
Maximum power dissipationat 55 °C 500 mW
Climatic category(LCT/UCT/days) 40/125/56 -
Weight 0.3 g
ELECTRICAL DATA AND ORDERING INFORMATIONR25 B25/85-VALUE UL APPROVED SAP MATERIAL NUMBER OLD 12NC CODE COLOR CODE (3)
() (K) (± %) (Y/N) NTCLE100E3....B0/T1/T2 (2) 2381 640 3/4/6.... (1) I II III3.3 2880 3 N 338*B0 *338 Orange Orange Gold4.7 2880 3 N 478*B0 *478 Yellow Violet Gold6.8 2880 3 N 688*B0 *688 Blue Grey Gold10 2990 3 N 109*B0 *109 Brown Black Black15 3041 3 N 159*B0 *159 Brown Green Black22 3136 3 N 229*B0 *229 Red Red Black33 3390 3 Y 339*B0 *339 Orange Orange Black47 3390 3 Y 479*B0 *479 Yellow Violet Black68 3390 3 Y 689*B0 *689 Blue Grey Black
100 3560 1.5 Y 101*B0 *101 Brown Black Brown150 3560 1.5 Y 151*B0 *151 Brown Green Brown220 3560 1.5 Y 221*B0 *221 Red Red Brown330 3560 1.5 Y 331*B0 *331 Orange Orange Brown
NTCLE100E3www.vishay.com Vishay BCcomponents
Revision: 24-Aug-12 2 Document Number: 29049
For technical questions, contact: [email protected] DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
Notes(1) Replace * in 12NC by 3 for 5 %, 6 for 3 %, 4 for 2 %(2) Replace * in SAP by J for 5 %, H for 3 %, G for 2 %(3) For R25 ± 2 % band IV is red, ± 3 % band IV is orange, ± 5 % band IV is gold
DIMENSIONS in millimeters DERATING AND TEMPERATURE TOLERANCES
Note• Zero power is considered as measuring power max. 1 % of max.
power.
470 3560 1.5 Y 471*B0 *471 Yellow Violet Brown680 3560 1.5 Y 681*B0 *681 Blue Grey Brown
1000 3528 0.5 Y 102*B0 *102 Brown Black Red1500 3528 0.5 Y 152*B0 *152 Brown Green Red2000 3528 0.5 Y 202*B0 *202 Red Black Red2200 3977 0.75 Y 222*B0 *222 Red Red Red2700 3977 0.75 Y 272*B0 *272 Red violet Red3300 3977 0.75 Y 332*B0 *332 Orange Orange Red4700 3977 0.75 Y 472*B0 *472 Yellow Violet Red5000 3977 0.75 Y 502*B0 *502 Green Black Red6800 3977 0.75 Y 682*B0 *682 Blue Grey Red
10 000 3977 0.75 Y 103*B0 *103 Brown Black Orange12 000 3740 2 Y 123*B0 *123 Brown Red Orange15 000 3740 2 Y 153*B0 *153 Brown Green Orange22 000 3740 2 Y 223*B0 *223 Red Red Orange33 000 4090 1.5 Y 333*B0 *333 Orange Orange Orange47 000 4090 1.5 Y 473*B0 *473 Yellow Violet Orange50 000 4190 1.5 Y 503*B0 *503 Green Black Orange68 000 4190 1.5 Y 683*B0 *683 Blue Grey Orange
100 000 4190 1.5 Y 104*B0 *104 Brown Black Yellow150 000 4370 2.5 Y 154*B0 *154 Brown Green Yellow220 000 4370 2.5 Y 224*B0 *224 Red Red Yellow330 000 4570 1.5 N 334*B0 *334 Orange Orange Yellow470 000 4570 1.5 N 474*B0 *474 Yellow Violet Yellow
ELECTRICAL DATA AND ORDERING INFORMATIONR25 B25/85-VALUE UL APPROVED SAP MATERIAL NUMBER OLD 12NC CODE COLOR CODE (3)
() (K) (± %) (Y/N) NTCLE100E3....B0/T1/T2 (2) 2381 640 3/4/6.... (1) I II III
L
T B
H2
H1
IVIIIIII
d P
Power derating curve
100
0
P(%)
- 40 0 55 85Tamb (°C)125 150
PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS FOR RELEVANT TYPE (all dimensions in millimeters)
R25-VALUE BMAX. dH1
H2 MAX. L P TMAX.MIN. MAX.
3.3 to 220 5.0 0.6 ± 0.06 1.0 4.0 6.0 24 ± 1.5 2.54 4.0
330 to 470 k 3.3 ± 0.5 0.6 ± 0.06 1.0 3.0 6.0 24 ± 1.5 2.54 3.0
NTCLE100E3www.vishay.com Vishay BCcomponents
Revision: 24-Aug-12 3 Document Number: 29049
For technical questions, contact: [email protected] DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
TEMPERATURE DEVIATION AS A FUNCTION OF THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE DEVIATION AS A FUNCTION OF THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE DEVIATION AS A FUNCTION OF THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE DEVIATION AS A FUNCTIONOF THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE DEVIATION AS A FUNCTION OF THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE DEVIATION AS A FUNCTION OF THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Curves valid for 2.2 kΩ to 10 kΩCurve 1: ΔR25/R25 = 5 %Curve 2: ΔR25/R25 = 3 %Curve 3: ΔR25/R25 = 2 %Curve 4: ΔR25/R25 = 1 %(for NTCLE203E3 series only)
40 160
3.0
0
1.0
2.0
2.5
0.5
1.5
0 40 80 120
1
2
4
3
ΔT(K)
T (°C)-
Curves valid for 33 kΩ to 47 kΩCurve 1: ΔR25/R25 = 5 %Curve 2: ΔR25/R25 = 3 %Curve 3: ΔR25/R25 = 2 %Curve 4: ΔR25/R25 = 1 %(for NTCLE203E3 series only)
- 40 160
4.0
0
1.0
2.0
2.5
0.5
1.5
3.5
3.0
0 40 80 120
1
2
3
ΔT(K)
T (°C)
4
Curves valid for 150 kΩ to 220 kΩCurve 1: ΔR25/R25 = 5 %Curve 2: ΔR25/R25 = 3 %Curve 3: ΔR25/R25 = 2 %
T (°C)- 40 160
6
0
2
4
5
1
3
0 40 80 120
3
ΔT(K)
2
1
Curves valid for 12 kΩ to 22 kΩCurve 1: ΔR25/R25 = 5 %Curve 2: ΔR25/R25 = 3 %Curve 3: ΔR25/R25 = 2 %
T (°C)- 40 1600
2
4
5
1
3
0 40 80 120
1
2
3
ΔT(K)
Curves valid for 68 kΩ to 100 kΩCurve 1: ΔR25/R25 = 5 %Curve 2: ΔR25/R25 = 3 %Curve 3: ΔR25/R25 = 2 %Curve 4: ΔR25/R25 = 1 %(for NTCLE203E3 series only)
T (°C)- 40 160
4.0
0
1.0
2.0
2.5
0.5
1.5
3.5
3.0
0 40 80 120
3
ΔT(K)
4
2
1
Curves valid for 330 kΩ to 470 kΩCurve 1: ΔR25/R25 = 5 %Curve 2: ΔR25/R25 = 3 %Curve 3: ΔR25/R25 = 2 %
T (°C)- 40 160
4.0
0
1.0
2.0
2.5
0.5
1.5
3.5
3.0
0 40 80 120
1
3
ΔT(K)
2
NTCLE100E3www.vishay.com Vishay BCcomponents
Revision: 24-Aug-12 4 Document Number: 29049
For technical questions, contact: [email protected] DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
RT VALUE AND TOLERANCEThese thermistors have a narrow tolerance on the B-value, the result of which provides a very small tolerance on the nominal resistance value over a wide temperature range. For this reason the usual graphs of R = f(T) are replaced by Resistance Values at Intermediate Temperatures Tables, together with a formula to calculate the characteristics with a high precision.
FORMULAE TO DETERMINE NOMINAL RESISTANCE VALUESThe resistance values at intermediate temperatures, or the operating temperature values, can be calculated using the following interpolation laws (extended “Steinhart and Hart”):
where:A, B, C, D, A1, B1, C1 and D1 are constant values depending on the material concerned; see table below.Rref. is the resistance value at a reference temperature (in this event 25 °C, Rref. = R25).
T is the temperature in K.Formulae numbered and are interchangeable with an error of max. 0.005 °C in the range 25 °C to 125 °C and max. 0.015 °C in the range - 40 °C to + 25 °C.
DETERMINATION OF THERESISTANCE/TEMPERATURE DEVIATIONFROM NOMINAL VALUEThe total resistance deviation is obtained by combining the “R25-tolerance” and the “resistance deviation due to B-tolerance”.When:
X = R25-toleranceY = resistance deviation due to B-toleranceZ = complete resistance deviation,
then: or Z X + YWhen:
TCR = temperature coefficientT = temperature deviation,
then: The temperature tolerances are plotted in the graphs on the previous page.Example: at 0 °C, assume X = 5 %, Y = 0.89 % and TCR = 5.08 %/K (see table ), then:
A NTC with a R25-value of 10 k has a value of 32.56 kbetween - 1.17 °C and + 1.17 °C.
Notes(1) Temperature < 25 °C(2) Temperature 25 °C
R T Rref e A B T C T2 D T3+ + + = (1)
T R = A1 B1R
Rref----------ln C1ln2 R
Rref---------- D1ln3 R
Rref----------+ ++
1–(2)
Z 1 X100----------+
1 Y100----------+
1–= 100 %
T ZTCR------------=
Z 1 5100----------+ 1 0.89
100-----------+ 1–
100%=
T ZTCR------------ 5.93
5.08----------- 1.167 C 1.17 C= = =
1.05 1.0089 1– 100 % 5.9345 %= ( 5.93 %)=
PARAMETER FOR DETERMINING NOMINAL RESISTANCE VALUES
NUMBER B25/85(K) NAME TOL. B
(%) A B(K)
C(K2)
D(K3) A1
B1(K-1)
C1(K-2)
D1(K-3)
1 2880 Mat O. withBn = 2880K 3 - 9.094 2251.74 229098 - 2.744820E+07 3.354016E-03 3.495020E-04 2.095959E-06 4.260615E-07
2 2990 Mat P. withBn = 3990K 3 - 10.2296 2887.62 132336 - 2.502510E+07 3.354016E-03 3.415560E-04 4.955455E-06 4.364236E-07
3 3041 Mat Q. withBn = 3041K 3 - 11.1334 3658.73 - 102895 5.166520E+05 3.354016E-03 3.349290E-04 3.683843E-06 7.050455E-07
4 3136 Mat R. withBn = 3136K 3 - 12.4493 4702.74 - 402687 3.196830E+07 3.354016E-03 3.243880E-04 2.658012E-06 - 2.701560E-07
5 3390 Mat S. withBn = 3390K 3 - 12.6814 4391.97 - 232807 1.509643E+07 3.354016E-03 2.993410E-04 2.135133E-06 - 5.672000E-09
63528 (1)
Mat I. withBn = 3528K 0.5
- 12.0596 3687.667 - 7617.13 - 5.914730E+06 3.354016E-03 2.909670E-04 1.632136E-06 7.192200E-08
3528 (2) - 21.0704 11903.95 - 2504699 2.470338E+08 3.354016E-03 2.933908E-04 3.494314E-06 - 7.712690E-07
7 3560 Mat H. withBn = 3560K 1.5 - 13.0723 4190.574 - 47158.4 - 1.199256E+07 3.354016E-03 2.884193E-04 4.118032E-06 1.786790E-07
8 3740 Mat B. withBn = 3740K 2 - 13.8973 4557.725 - 98275 - 7.522357E+06 3.354016E-03 2.744032E-04 3.666944E-06 1.375492E-07
9 3977 Mat A. withBn =3977K 0.75 - 14.6337 4791.842 - 115334 - 3.730535E+06 3.354016E-03 2.569850E-04 2.620131E-06 6.383091E-08
10 4090 Mat C. withBn = 4090K 1.5 - 15.5322 5229.973 - 160451 - 5.414091E+06 3.354016E-03 2.519107E-04 3.510939E-06 1.105179E-07
11 4190 Mat D. withBn = 4190K 1.5 - 16.0349 5459.339 - 191141 - 3.328322E+06 3.354016E-03 2.460382E-04 3.405377E-06 1.034240E-07
12 4370 Mat E. withBn = 4370K 2.5 - 16.8717 5759.15 - 194267 - 6.869149E+06 3.354016E-03 2.367720E-04 3.585140E-06 1.255349E-07
13 4570 Mat F. withBn = 4570K 1.5 - 17.6439 6022.726 - 203157 - 7.183526E+06 3.354016E-03 2.264097E-04 3.278184E-06 1.097628E-07
NTCLE100E3www.vishay.com Vishay BCcomponents
Revision: 24-Aug-12 10 Document Number: 29049
For technical questions, contact: [email protected] DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
For complete Curve Computation, visit: www.vishay.com/resistors-non-linear/curve-computation-list/
RESISTANCE VALUES AT INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES WITH R25 AT (2.2, 2.7, 3.3, 4.7, 5.0, 6.8, 10) k
TOPER(°C)
PART NUMBERNTCLE100E3222***
PART NUMBERNTCLE100E3272***
PART NUMBERNTCLE100E3332***
PART NUMBERNTCLE100E3472***
PART NUMBERNTCLE100E3502***
PART NUMBERNTCLE100E3682***
PART NUMBERNTCLE100E3103***
TCR(%/K)
R/RDUETO
Btol.(%)
RT()
RT()
RT()
RT()
RT()
RT()
RT()
- 40 73 061 89 665 109 591 156 084 166 047 225 824 332 094 - 6.62 2.79
- 35 52 778 64 773 79 167 112 753 119 950 163 132 239 900 - 6.39 2.52
- 30 38 544 47 304 57 816 82 344 87 600 119 136 175 200 - 6.18 2.26
- 25 28 443 34 907 42 665 60 765 64 643 87 915 129 287 - 5.98 2.02
- 20 21 199 26 017 31 798 45 288 48 179 65 524 96 358 - 5.78 1.78
- 15 15 950 19 575 23 925 34 075 36 250 49 300 72 500 - 5.60 1.55
- 10 12 110 14 862 18 165 25 872 27 523 37 431 55 046 - 5.42 1.33
- 5 9275 11 382 13 912 19 814 21 078 28 667 42 157 - 5.25 1.12
0 7162 8790 10 743 15 300 16 277 22 137 32 554 - 5.09 0.92
5 5574 6841 8362 11 909 12 669 17 230 25 339 - 4.93 0.72
10 4372 5365 6558 9340 9936 13 513 19 872 - 4.79 0.53
15 3454 4239 5180 7378 7849 10 675 15 698 - 4.64 0.35
20 2747 3372 4121 5869 6244 8492 12 488 - 4.51 0.17
25 2200 2700 3300 4700 5000 6800 10 000 - 4.38 0.00
30 1773 2176 2659 3788 4030 5480 8059 - 4.25 0.17
35 1438 1764 2156 3071 3267 4444 6535 - 4.13 0.32
40 1173 1439 1759 2505 2665 3624 5330 - 4.02 0.48
45 961.8 1180 1443 2055 2186 2973 4372 - 3.91 0.63
50 793.2 973.4 1190 1694 1803 2452 3605 - 3.80 0.77
55 657.5 806.9 986.3 1405 1494 2032 2989 - 3.70 0.91
60 547.8 672.3 821.7 1170 1245 1693 2490 - 3.60 1.05
65 458.6 562.8 687.9 979.7 1042 1417 2084 - 3.51 1.18
70 385.7 473.3 578.5 823.9 876.5 1192 1753 - 3.42 1.31
75 325.8 399.8 488.7 696.0 740.5 1007 1481 - 3.33 1.44
80 276.4 339.2 414.6 590.5 628.2 854.3 1256 - 3.25 1.56
85 235.5 289.0 353.2 503.0 535.2 727.8 1070 - 3.17 1.68
90 201.4 247.2 302.1 430.2 457.7 622.5 915.4 - 3.09 1.79
95 172.9 212.2 259.4 369.4 393.0 534.5 786.0 - 3.01 1.90
100 149.0 182.9 223.5 318.3 338.6 460.6 677.3 - 2.94 2.01
105 128.9 158.2 193.3 275.3 292.9 398.3 585.7 - 2.87 2.12
110 111.8 137.2 167.7 238.9 254.2 345.7 508.3 - 2.80 2.22
115 97.37 119.5 146.1 208.0 221.3 301.0 442.6 - 2.74 2.32
120 85.05 104.4 127.6 181.7 193.3 262.9 386.6 - 2.67 2.42
125 74.52 91.46 111.8 159.2 169.4 230.3 338.7 - 2.61 2.51
130 65.49 80.38 98.24 139.9 148.8 202.4 297.7 - 2.55 2.61
135 57.72 70.84 86.59 123.3 131.2 178.4 262.4 - 2.50 2.70
140 51.02 62.62 76.53 109.0 116.0 157.7 231.9 - 2.44 2.78
145 45.22 55.49 67.83 96.60 102.8 139.8 205.5 - 2.39 2.87
150 40.18 49.31 60.27 85.84 91.32 124.2 182.6 - 2.34 2.96
40.31 40.51 40.52
1 reversível 1 reversível 2 reversíveis
10/20 10/20 8/15
250/400 250/400 250/400
2500 2500 2000
500 500 400
0.37 0.37 0.3
10/0.3/0.12 10/0.3/0.12 8/0.3/0.12
300 (5/5) 300 (5/5) 300 (5/5)
AgNi AgNi AgNi
6 - 12 - 24 - 48 - 60 - 110 - 120 - 230 - 240
5 - 6 - 7 - 9 - 12 - 14 - 18 - 21 - 24 - 28 - 36 - 48 - 60 - 90 - 110 - 125
1.2/0.65/0.5 1.2/0.65/0.5 1.2/0.65/0.5
(0.8…1.1)UN (0.8…1.1)UN (0.8…1.1)UN
(0.73…1.5)UN/(0.73…1.75)UN (0.73…1.5)UN/(0.73…1.75)UN (0.73…1.5)UN/(0.73…1.75)UN
0.8 UN /0.4 UN 0.8 UN /0.4 UN 0.8 UN /0.4 UN
0.2 UN /0.1 UN 0.2 UN /0.1 UN 0.2 UN /0.1 UN
10 · 106/20 · 106 10 · 106/20 · 106 10 · 106/20 · 106
200 · 103 200 · 103 100 · 103
7/3 - (12/4 sensível) 7/3 - (12/4 sensível) 7/3 - (12/4 sensível)
6 (8 mm) 6 (8 mm) 6 (8 mm)
1000 1000 1000
–40…+85 –40…+85 –40…+85
RT II** RT II** RT II**
Características dos contatos
Configurações dos contatos
Corrente nominal/Máx corrente instantânea A
Tensão nominal/Máx tensão comutável V AC
Carga nominal em AC1 VA
Carga nominal em AC15 (230 V AC) VA
Potência motor monofásico (230 V AC) kW
Capacidade de ruptura em DC1: 30/110/220 V A
Carga mínima comutável mW (V/mA)
Material dos contatos standard
Características da bobina
Tensão de alimentação V AC (50/60 Hz)
nominal (UN) V DC
Potência nominal AC/DC/DC sens. VA (50 Hz)/W/W
Campo de funcionamento AC
DC/DC sens.
Tensão de retenção AC/DC
Tensão de desoperação AC/DC
Características gerais
Vida mecânica AC/DC ciclos
Vida elétrica a carga nominal em AC1 ciclos
Tempo de atuação: operação/desoperação ms
Isolamento entre a bobina e os contatos (1.2/50 μs) kV
Rigidez dielétrica entre contatos abertos V AC
Temperatura ambiente °C
Grau de proteção
Homologações (segundo o tipo)
Vista lado cobre Vista lado cobre Vista lado cobre
1** Ver informações técnicas “Orientações para processos de soldagem de fluxo automatico” página II.
• 3.5 mm distância entre pinos• 1 contato 10 A• Montagem em circuito
impresso ou bases série 95
CaracterísticasRelé com 1 ou 2 contatos
40.31 - 1 contato 10 A (3.5 mm distância pinos)40.51 - 1 contato 10 A (5 mm distância pinos)40.52 - 2 contatos 8 A (5 mm distância pinos)
Montagem em circuito impresso- direta ou em base para circuito impresso
Montagem em trilho 35 mm (EN 60715) - em base com conexões a parafuso ou a mola
• Bobina DC (standard ou sensível) e bobina AC• Versões de contatos sem Cádmio• 8 mm, 6 kV (1.2/50 μs) de isolação entre a
bobina e os contatos• UL Listing: determinadas combinações de
relés/bases• A prova de fluxo: RT II standard, (disponível
versão RT III)• Bases série 95 • Módulos de sinalização e proteção EMC• Módulos temporizadores Série 86
• 5 mm distância entre pinos• 1 contato 10 A• Montagem em circuito
impresso ou bases série 95
• 5 mm distância entre pinos• 2 contatos 8 A• Montagem em circuito
impresso ou bases série 95
PARA CARGA DE MOTOR E CARGA PILOT DUTY HOMOLOGADASPELA UL, VEJA “Informações técnica gerais” página V
Série 40 - Relé para circuito impresso plug-in 8 - 10 - 16 AX-
2012
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4
Exemplo: série 40, relé para circuito impresso, 2 reversíveis, tensão bobina 230 V AC.
Tipo Versão bobina A B C D40.11 DC sensível 2 - 4 0 0 040.11 DC sensível 2 - 4 0 16 /40.41 DC sensível 0 - 2 0 - 3 0 040.31/51 AC-DC sensível 0 - 2 - 5 0 - 3 0 0 - 140.31/51 DC 0 - 2 - 5 0 - 3 0 0 - 1 - 340.52 AC-DC sensível 0 - 2 - 5 0 - 3 0 0 - 140.52 DC 0 - 2 - 5 0 - 3 0 0 - 1 - 340.61 AC-DC sensível 0 - 4 0 - 3 0 0 - 140.61 DC 0 - 4 0 - 3 0 0 - 1 - 340.31/51/ remanência 0 0 0 052/61
A: Material dos contatos0 = Standard AgNi
para 40.31/51/52,AgCdO para 40.61
2 = AgCdO (standard para 40.11/41)
4 = AgSnO2
5 = AgNi + Au (5 μm)
B: Versão do contato0 = Reversível3 = NA
Série
Tipo1 = Circuito Impresso,
3.5 mm distância entre pinos,perfil baixo
3 = Circuito Impresso,3.5 mm distância entre pinos
4 = Circuito Impresso,3.5 mm distância entre pinos
5 = Circuito Impresso5 mm distância entre pinos
6 = Circuito Impresso5 mm distância entre pinos
Número de contatos1 = 1 reversível
para: 40.11, 10 A/16 A40.31, 10 A40.41, 10 A40.51, 10 A40.61, 16 A
2 = 2 reversíveispara: 40.52, 8 A
Versão da bobina6 = AC/DC remanência7 = DC sensível8 = AC (50/60 Hz) 9 = DC
Tensão nominal bobinaVide características da bobina
D: Utilizações especiais0 = Standard1 = Versão selada (RT III)3 = Alta temperatura (+ 125 °C)
versão selada
C: Variantes0 = Nenhuma16 = Corrente nominal 16 A (para 40.11)
A B C D
Série 40 - Relé para circuito impresso plug-in 8 - 10 - 16 A
Codificação
5 2 08. . . .2 3 04 0 0 0 0
Seleção de opções: somente combinações na mesma fila são possíveis.Preferencialmente selecione para melhor disponibilidade os números mostrados em negrito.
X-20
12, w
ww
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erne
t.com