conteúdo 9° ano - inglês

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�� List of Verbs ................................................................................................................ 5

Past Perfect Simple .................................................................................................... 10

Past Perfect Continuons............................................................................................ 11

Reported Speech 1 .................................................................................................... 12

Reported Speech 2 .................................................................................................... 13

Reported Speech (Requests, Orders, Advice) ....................................................... 14

Reported Questions ................................................................................................... 15

Leitura Complementar ............................................................................................... 16

�� Say and Tell ................................................................................................................. 21

Gerund ......................................................................................................................... 21


�� Question Tag ............................................................................................................... 24


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Módulo 01

�� Infinitive Past tense Past participle Translation

to arise arose arisen surgir, levantar-se

to awake awoke or awaked awoke or awaked acordar

to be was, were been ser, estar

to bear bore borne dar à luz

to bear bore borne suportar

to beat beat beaten bater, derrotar

to become became become tornar-se

to begin began begun começar

to bend bent bent curvar-se, dobrar

to bet bet bet apostar

to bind bound bound amarrar, obrigar, encadernar

to bite bit bitten morder

to bleed bled bled sangrar

to blow blew blown soprar

to break broke broken quebrar

to bring brought brought trazer

to build built built construir

to burn burnt or burned burnt or burned queimar

to burst burst burst irromper, explodir

to buy bought bought comprar

to cast cast cast atirar, fundir

to catch caught caught alcançar, pegar

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to choose chose chosen escolher

to cling clung clung agarrar-se, apegar-se

to come came come vir, chegar

to cost cost cost custar

to creep crept crept arrastar-se, engatinhar

to cut cut cut cortar

to deal dealt dealt lidar, tratar, negociar

to dig dug dug cavar

to do did done fazer

to draw drew drawn desenhar, puxar

to dream dreamt or dreamed dreamt or dreamed sonhar

to drink drank drunk beber

to drive drove driven dirigir, impelir

to dwell dwelt or dwelled dwelt or dwelled habilitar, residir

to eat ate eaten comer

to fall fell fallen cair

to feed fed fed alimentar

to feel felt felt sentir

to fight fought fought lutar

to find found found achar, encontrar

to flee fled fled fugir

to fling flung flung arremessar (-se), atirar

to fly flew flown voar, viajar de avião

to forbid forbade forbidden proibir

to forget forgot forgotten esquecer

to forgive forgave forgiven perdoar

to freeze froze frozen congelar

to get got gotten or got obter, chegar, receber

to give gave given dar

to go went gone ir

to grind ground ground moer

to grow grew grown crescer, cultivar

to hang hung hung pendurar

to have had had ter

to hear heard heard ouvir

to hide hid hidden esconder

to hit hit hit bater, atingir

to hold held held segurar

to hurt hurt hurt ferir, magoar

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to keep kept kept conservar, guardar

to kneel knelt or kneeled knelt or kneeled ajoelhar-se

to knit knit or knitted knit or knitted tricotar

to know knew known saber, conhecer

to lay laid laid pôr, colocar

to lead led led levar, conduzir

to lean leant or leaned leant or leaned inclinar-se, encostar

to leap leapt or leaped leapt or leaped pular, saltar

to learn learnt or learned learnt or learned aprender

to leave left left abandonar, partir

to lend lent lent emprestar (para)

to let let let deixar, permitir

to lie lay lain deitar-se, jazer, estar situado

to light lit or lighted lit or lighted acender

to lose lost lost perder

to make made made fazer

to mean meant meant significar

to meet met met encontrar, conhecer

to mow mowed mown or mowed cortar

to pay paid paid pagar

to put put put pôr

to quit quit quit desistir, abandonar

to read read read ler

to ride rode ridden andar de carro, bicicleta, cavalo

to ring rang rung tocar, soar

to rise rose risen levantar-se, aumentar, subir

to run ran run correr

to saw sawed sawn or sawed serrar

to say said said dizer

to see saw seen ver

to seek sought sought procurar

to sell sold sold vender

to send sent sent enviar

to set set set pôr, instalar

to sew sewed sewn or sewed costurar

to shake shook shaken sacudir, tremer

to shed shed shed derramar, verter

to shine shone shone brilhar

to shoot shot shot atirar, disparar

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to show showed shown mostrar

to shrink shrank shrunk encolher

to shut shut shut fechar

to sing sang sung cantar

to sink sank sunk afundar

to sit sat sat sentar

to slay slew slain assassinar

to sleep slept slept dormir

to slide slid slid or slidden escorregar, deslizar

to smell smelt or smelled smelt or smelled cheirar

to sow sowed sown or sowed semear

to speak spoke spoken falar

to speed sped or speeded sped or speeded acelerar, correr

to spell spelt or spelled spelt or spelled soletrar

to spend spent spent gastar, passar (tempo)

to spill spilt or spilled spilt or spilled derramar, entornar

to spin span or spun spun fiar, girar

to split split split rachar, dividir

to spread spread spread espalhar

to spring sprang sprung pular, brotar

to stand stood stood ficar em pé, suportar

to steal stole stolen roubar

to stick stuck stuck grudar

to sting stung stung picar, ferroar

to stink stank stunk cheirar mal

to strike struck struck bater, atingir

to strive strove striven esforçar-se

to swear swore sworn jurar, praguejar

to sweat sweat or sweated sweat or sweated transpirar

to sweep swept swept varrer

to swell swelled swollen or swelled inchar

to swim swam swum nadar

to swing swung swung balançar

to take took taken levar, tirar, pegar, tomar

to teach taught taught ensinar

to tear tore torn rasgar

to tell told told dizer, contar

to think thought thought pensar

to understand understood understood entender, compreender

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to throw threw thrown jogar, lançar

to thrust thrust thrust empurrar

to wake woke or waked woken or waked acordar

to wear wore worn usar, vestir

to weave wove woven tecer

to wed wed wed casar-se

to weep wept wept lamentar, chorar

to wet wet or wetted wet or wetted molhar (-se)

to win won won vencer, ganhar

to wind wound wound dar corda, curvar

to withdraw withdrew withdrawn retirar (-se)

to write wrote written escrever

� �� 1. Complete com o past simple. Todos os verbos são

irregulares.

1)� He jumped in the sea and _____________ to the beach.

2)→ I think your cousins __________ very nice.

3)� He _________ his bikeall afternoon.

4)→Laura ____________ aphone call.

1) →Yesterday __________very hot.

1) � Sheila __________ mea letter.

2) � The baby ________ forthree hours last night.

3) → I _____________ up at5:00 this morning.

4) →She ________ schoolearly and went home.

2. Complete as sentenças com os verbos no past parti-ciple. Todos são verbos irregulares.

a) They have ______________ school now. They’re

at the University.

b) I’ve ________________ my keys. I can’t find them.

c) Have you ever _______________ this play?

d) We’ve just ________________ a new CD player.

e) Have you ________________ your car yet? I’d like

to buy it.

f) I’ve never ____________ in a sleeping bag before.

g) Our team has _________ . We’re the champions.

h) She’s ______________ two aspirins, but she still

has a headache.

i) Have you ever ______________ to South America?

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PAST PERFECT SIMPLEFORMAÇÃO AFIRMATIVA

I / you / he / she / it / we / they + had + past participle

Exemplo: I had already cooked dinner when you arrived. → full formI�d already cooked dinner when you arrived. → short form

had = �d

FORMAÇÃO NEGATIVA

I / you / he/ she / it / we / they + had not + past participle

Exemplo: We had not finished our homework when the class started.We hadn�t finished our homework when the class started.

had not = hadn�t

FORMAÇÃO INTERROGATIVA

Had + I / you / he / she / it / we / they + past participle

Exemplo: Had the film already started when you arrived?Observação � Usamos o past perfect simple para falar de uma ação

que foi completada no passado, antes de uma outra também no passado.Exemplo: After John had eaten his dinner he went to bed.

B aconteceu primeiro aconteceu depois

Observação � Freqüentemente usamos o past perfect com when e after.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 02

Exercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de Aplicação3. Leia cada situação abaixo e marque a resposta correta.

a) The boy delivered the pizza. Mark had already paidfor it.Which came first:a) ( ) the delivery or b) ( ) the payment?

b) The waiter brought the wine. They had already hadwater.Which came first:a) ( ) the wine or b) ( ) the water?

c) I�d read the book, so I wrote a composition.Did I first:a) ( ) read the book or b) ( ) write a compo-sition?

d) The film had finished, so my sister rewound thecassetteDid my sister rewind the cassette:a) ( ) after or b) ( ) before the film finished?

e) Paul had an invitation to the picnic, but he hadalready arranged a trip to his grandmother�s house.Which came first:a) ( ) the invitation or b) ( ) the arrange-ments for the trip?

4. Em cada item há dois eventos na ordem em queeles ocorreram. Forme uma sentença com as infor-mações, usando as palavras entre parênteses.a) I started the car. My mother appeared.

(When my mother / appear /, I / already / start / the car)b) We caught the thief. The policemen arrived.

(When the policemen / arrive /, we / already / catch/ the thief)

c) Daniel finished the report. His boss came back.(When his boss / come / back / Daniel / already /finish / the report)

d) Mary went to school. Bill phoned.(When Bill / phone / Mary / already / go / to school)

e) My cousins had dinner. I came home.(When I / come / home / my cousins / already /have / dinner)

f) Tina prepared lunch. Her husband got home fromwork.(When her husband / get / home from work / Tina /already / prepare / lunch)

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5. James acabou de retornar aos Estados Unidos.Complete as sentenças abaixo a respeito de James,usando o passado perfeito. Use os verbos abaixo.

live find spend fly have make break not pay be lend

a) James ___________ in Canada and in Mexico.

b) He _____________ measles.

c) He ______________ a teacher and a driver.

d) He _____________ planes in Canada.

e) He ______________ his arms in a plane crash.

f) He ______________ his relatives in Mexico.

g) He ___________ a lot of money but he ________everything.

h) He _____________ some of the money to his

relatives and they __________ him back.

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had been + -ing

Exemplos:

After I had been walking for an hour I decided to have a rest. → afirmativa

She hadn’t been waiting for too long before the bus arrived. → negativa

Had you been reading this book before you went to bed? → interrogativa

Observação – Usamos o past perfect continuous para enfatizar acontinuidade de alguma atividade até um certo momento no passado.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 03

�� 6. Escreva orações sobre o que as pessoas disseram

à polícia que estavam fazendo, e o que realmentefaziam na noite passada.

Exemplo: Mr. Stone said he had been playing golf,but he had been watching people using a telescope.

7. Complete o diálogo, colocando os verbos no pastperfect continuous.Jane: How was your test?Beth: Horrible. I was too nervous and too tired because(1) __________________ (I / study) the night before.Jane: Tell me what happened.Beth: The teacher was twenty minutes late because(2) ___________________ (he / talk) to the principal.(3) _________________________ (I / wait) for a longtime and I’d got more nervous.

Jane: But how was the test?Beth: Well, I don’t know. I tried to be calm. (4) ________________ (I / read) a book that said you have to becalm in tests. I’m not sure if it worked.

8. Complete com uma sentença no past perfect conti-nuous para explicar o que aconteceu de acordo comas figuras.

a)

stay / by the sea

b) c)

cry drive / his car too fast

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d)

play / with matches

e)

stand / under a tree

� �� Usamos o reported speech (discurso indireto) para contar algo que foi

dito anteriormente.

Exemplo: Sue: “I’m tired”Sue says (that) she is tired.

Quando o verbo usado para fazer o reported speech (discurso indire-to) está no presente (exemplo: say / says), o tempo verbal da oração no directspeech (discurso direto) não sofre alteração alguma.

Como você pôde verificar no exemplo acima, tanto no direct speech(discurso direto) quanto no reported speech (discurso indireto), os verbosestão no presente simples.

Veja, a seguir, um outro exemplo:

Paul: “I’ve never been to Canada”.

Paul says (that) he has never been to Canada.

Os verbos estão no present perfect (presente perfeito) tanto no directspeech quanto no reported speech.

Observação – That pode ser omitido.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 04

�� 9. Passe para o reported speech.

a) Bob: “New York is a beautiful city.”

b) Helen: I play tennis every Sunday.”

c) Mary: “James isn’t studying for the final exam.”

d) Lucy: “I used to be thin.”

e) Joyce: “I can swim.”

a) Laura got sunburned. d) The children burnt themselves.

b) Bobby looked sad. e) Paul was hurt during a storm.

c) Brian was stopped by a policeman.

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� �� Quando nós usamos o reported speech (discurso indireto) para contar

alguma coisa depois de algum tempo que esta ocorreu, geralmente usamoso verbo no passado (exemplo: said), portanto, o verbo no direct speech(discurso direto) sofre alterações quando passado para o reported speech(discurso indireto).

Exemplo: Jane: “I want to drink something.”Jane said (that) she wanted to drink something.

Como você pôde observar, o verbo que estava no presente simples (want)passou para o passado simples (wanted) no discurso indireto. Outra altera-ção que também ocorreu foi a mudança do pronome I para she.

A seguir temos algumas mudanças que ocorrem na passagem do directspeech (discurso direto) para o reported speech (discurso indireto).

�� 10. Passe para o reported speech usando said.

a) Julie said, “My brother works in a hospital.”b) Brian said, “I’m staying in a good hotel.”c) Jessica said, “I’ve never been to France.”d) Melissa said, “I can’t use a fax machine.”e) Kelly said, “Thomas must try to do the homework.” f) Pat said, “Paul may visit me.”g) Sue said, “I’ll travel on my vacation.”

11. Passe para o reported speech de acordo com cadasituação.Exemplos:Edward said: “Ellen, I hate you.”Later, Ellen said to her friends: Edward said that hehated me.Michelle said: “I love your photos, Steve.”Later, Michelle said to her cousin: I said to Steve that Ilike his photos.

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a) Rachel said: “You can trust me, Peter.”Later, Peter said to his father: Rachel said that ______________________________________ .

b) Mark said: “Charles, your sister has been rude.”Later, Charles said to his sister: Mark said that ______________________________________ .

c) Ann said: “Louise is moving to my house, Claire.”Later, Claire said to Louise: Ann said that ___________________________________________ .

d) Diana said: “I’ll help you, Chris.”Later, Diana said to her friends: I said to Chris that____________________________________ .

e) The principal said: “Students! You must stay in theclassroom.”Later, the students said to their parents: The prin-cipal said that __________________________ .

f) Andy said: “Bill may come to the barbecue, Ron.”Later, Ron said to Bill: Andy said that ______________________________________________ .

� �� Para passar um pedido para o reported speech usamos o verbo asked.Exemplos: Ricky: “Please wait a minute, Kevin.”

Ricky asked Kevin to wait a minute.

Observação – No reported speech (discurso indireto), não usamos apalavra please.

�� Para passar uma ordem para o reported speech usamos o verbo told.

Exemplos: “Stand up, Jason.”He told Jason to stand up.

“You must study harder.”He told me to study harder.

�� Para passar um conselho para o reported speech, usamos o verbo

advised.Exemplos: “You should get married, Paul.”

He advised Paul to get married.

No reported speech, os verbos ask, tell e advise são usados da se-guinte forma:

verbo + objeto + to + infinitivo

He told Jason to stand up.

Além dos verbos advise, ask e tell, também poderão ser usados osseguintes verbos:

order persuade remind forbid warn

Quando o pedido, a ordem ou o conselho estiverem na forma negativa, apassagem para o reported speech será a seguinte:

verbo + objeto + not to + infinitivo

Exemplos: “Don’t run!”She told me not to run.Jane: “Don’t listen to music now, Peter”.Jane told Peter not to listen to music then.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 05

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�� 12. Reescreva as orações usando um objeto + to +

infinitive.

a) “Make lunch please, Susan.”Paul asked

b) “You must do your homework, Mark.”He told

c) “Don’t forget to buy a guide book, Liz.”She reminded

d) “You should stop drinking, John.”The doctor advised

e) “Go to school, Laura.”Frank told

f) “Please, bring me some water, Bill.”Sara asked

13. Complete os diálogos usando as palavras entre pa-rênteses, um pronome (me, him, them), a palavranot e o past simple.Exemplo:A: Did you tell the children to wash the dog?

(Yes, but I / tell / to use too much soap).B: Yes, but I told them not to use much soap.

a) A: Did you invite Beth for dinner?B: (Yes, and I / tell / to be late).

b) A: Did the doctor tell your father to rest?B: (Yes, and he / warn / to go to work).

c) A: Did you ask Jane to go to the supermarket?B: (Yes, and I / tell / forget the milk).

d) A: Did the coach tell the players to eat well?B: (Yes, and he / warn / to go to discos).

e) A: Did the dentist tell you to brush your teeth fourtimes a day?B: (Yes, and she / warn / to eat too much chocolate).

� �� Quando estamos fazendo o Reported Speech de uma pergunta, usa-

mos o verbo ask.

Quando tivermos uma yes/no question, ou seja, a pergunta começa como verbo to be ou um auxiliar, usamos ask if ou ask wether.

Exemplo: Do they speak English? � Direct Speech

He asked if they spoke English. � Reported Speech

He asked whether they spoke English.

Se tivermos uma pergunta com question word (who, what, where, etc)usamos ask + question word da própria pergunta.

Exemplo: Where does Paul live? � Direct Speech

She asked where Paul lived. � Reported Speech

Quando a pergunta é dirigida a uma pessoa, usamos ask + pronomeobjeto (me, him, her, etc) ou o nome da pessoa.

Exemplos: Can you ride a horse? � Direct Speech

He asked me if I could ride a horse. � Reported Speech

Have you been to the U.S.A., Peter? � Direct Speech

He asked him if he had been to the U.S.A. � Reported Speech

Observação – No lugar do verbo ask podemos usar want to know ouwonder.

Exemplo: Did they go to the party yesterday? � Direct Speech

She wanted to know if they had been to the party the previousday. � Reported Speech

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 06

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Exercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de Aplicação14. Passe para o Reported Speech.

Exemplo: Did they go to school?She asked if they had gone to school.

a) Do you speak Spanish?They asked ___________________________ .

b) Why did you take my umbrella?He wanted to know ______________________ .

c) How many students came to the class?The teacher asked ______________________ .

d) Does Paul study on Saturdays?I asked _______________________________ .

e) Can I see you again?I asked _______________________________ .

f) What has she done?He asked _____________________________ .

g) Why has Jessica cried?Marion asked __________________________ .

h) Where do you go on your vacations?Steve asked them _______________________ .

i) Where do you study?Ron asked her _________________________ .

15. Dois ladrões roubaram um banco e foram presos.Um policial fez as seguintes perguntas a um deles:a) How long have you been out of prison?b) Have you had a job since then?c) Does your mother give you money?d) Who else gives you money?e) Do you know Joe Smith?f) How long have you known Joe?g) Have you seen Joe recently?

a) He asked him __________________________ ,and he answered that he had left prision twomonths ago.

b) He asked him __________________________ .He answered he hadn�t found one.

c) Then he asked him ______________________ ,and he said she gave him some money.

d) He asked him __________________________ .He aswered that nobody else.

e) He asked him __________________________ ,and he said that he and Joe were friends.

f) Then he asked him ______________________ ,and he told he had known him for ten years.

g) Finally he asked him _____________________ ,and he replied that he couldn�t remember.

LEITURA COMPLEMENTARToo Tired to Think!

How much sleep you need depends on yourage. Babies doze about 18 hours a day. Forschool-age kids, nine to 10-12 hours is ideal. But35% of 10-to-12-years-olds in the survey got onlyseven or eight hours. And guess what almost halfsaid they do before bedtime. Watch TV.

�More children are going to bed with TV ontheir bedrooms,� says Dr. Mary Carskadon, asleep researcher in Rhode Island. Dr. Carskadonsays that stimulating activities at bedtime make ithard for kids to go to sleep.

Getting too little sleep can affect how wellyou learn. Studies have shown that sleepy peoplehave trouble with memory and concentration. Oneof the biggest changes comes in your mood.When you�re really tired, you tend to be grouchy.

What can you do to stay rested and cheerful?Go to bed at the same time every night. Developa relaxing bedtime routine (hint: reading is good!).And remember: your body needs rest to refuelfor all your daytime activities.

� By Alice Park

http://www.timeforkids.com/TFK/nsarchive/000428/000428_sleep.html

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�� 16. (Mód. 01) Complete com o past simple dos verbos

entre parênteses.

a) John ____________ to the disco yesterday. (go)

b) Laura ____________ a new jacket last week. (buy)

c) Paul ____________ a letter last month. (send)

d) I ____________ some strange noises last night.(hear)

e) They ____________ a lot last Saturday. (drink)

17. (Mód. 01) Complete com o past participle dos ver-bos entre parênteses.

a) I have ____________ my finger. (cut)

b) They have ____________ the homework. (do)

c) She has ____________ to Canada. (be)

d) He has ______________ an interesting compo-sition. (write)

e) We have ________________ some money on thestreet. (find)

18. (Mód. 02) Escreva sentenças sobre o que as pesso-as já tinham feito ou o que elas nunca tinham feito.Use o passado perfeito e already ou never.

a) Last year Mike won a race for the second time.

He ___________________________ before that.

b) Last month I visited Europe for the first time.

I ____________________________ before that.

c) Last Sunday Jim drove a car for the first time.

He ___________________________ before that.

d) Last weekend John came here for the fourth time.

He ___________________________ before that.

e) Last class my son wrote a composition for thefirst time.

He ___________________________ before that.

19. (Mód. 02) Usar when ou after para fazer uma sentença.

a) I listened to music. Then I watched a video for twohours.

b) We read a text. Then we talked about it.

c) I wrote a card. Then I posted it.

d) She stopped taking medicines. She looked muchbetter.

e) I bought food for dinner. Then I cooked it.

20. (Mód. 02) Escolha o simple past ou o past perfect.

When I (1) (go) to New York last Christmas, I (2)(not be) there for three years. I (3) (arrive) on December23 rd.

As I was walking around the city, I (4) (see) somany familiar places and even a friend, whoseaddress I (5) (lose) after leaving New York. So, I (6)(call) his name.

He (7) (not be) confortable meeting me, I don’tknow why. He (8) (arrive) in New York that morning,and he (9) (have) an interview job in the beginning ofJanuary. Then he (10) (say) goodbye and I could reali-ze I would never see him again.

1 – _____________ 6 – _____________

2 – _____________ 7 – _____________

3 – _____________ 8 – _____________

4 – _____________ 9 – _____________

5 – _____________ 10 – _____________

21. (Mód. 03) Larry Smith está respondendo a algumasperguntas de um policial. Complete o diálogo usan-do o past perfect continuous.

A: Mr. Smith, what / you / do / that day? (1)__________________________________________

B: I / play / with my kids. We / make / a barbecue. (2)__________________________________________

A: You / drink? (3)__________________________________________

B: Yes, I (4)__________________________________________

A: How long / you / drink? (5)__________________________________________

B: I / drink / for about one hour. (6)__________________________________________

A: Ok, thank you Mr. Smith.__________________________________________

22. (Mód. 03) Complete o texto com o past perfectcontinuous. Use os verbos:

drive lie repair work

Phill was lucky to escape after the accident hehad last night. He slept while driving and crashed intoa truch left by workers who (1) ___________________on the road.

When he left his office at 2:00 this morning, he (2)__________________ for 36 hour without any sleep.

Another driver discovered the accident after Phill (3)_____________________ in his car for half an hour.The doctor said that if Phill (4) ___________________faster he could have died.

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23. (Mód. 04) Escreva sentenças no reported speech deacordo com as figuras. Use says.

a) d)

b) e)

c) f)

24. (Mód. 04) Complete os espaços abaixo:

Be careful with two thieves who are in the city. They

say they (1) __________ from the telephone company

and want to check if the person’s phone (2) ________

OK.

They ask people if they will (3) __________ them

enter the house.

People usually don’t ask to (4) _________ any iden-

tification and they say that the two thieves (5) ________

come in. While one thief stays downstairs pretending

to fix the phone, the other thief says he (6) __________

to go upstairs and takes everything he can.

25. (Mód. 04) Joyce foi à uma cartomante para ver seufuturo.

Fortune teller: “I can see you’re going to get marriedto a dark-haired man who was your boyfriend.”

Joyce: “I’ve never had a dark-haired boyfriend.”Fortune teller: “You always went to visit him in San

Francisco.”Joyce: “I’ve never been to San Francisco.”Fortune teller: “He gave you this ring you’re

wearing.”Joyce: “But I bought it myself.”Fortune teller: “You’re going to be very happy with

him.”Joyce: “I’m sorry, you’re wrong.”Fortune teller: “You’ll see I’m right.”

Agora Joyce está contando a seus amigos o queaconteceu.

a) She said she ____________ the man I was goingto get married. She said he _________ dark-hairedand ____________ my boyfriend.

b) I said that I ___________________ a dark-hairedboyfriend.

c) She said I ___________________________ himin San Francisco.

d) I said that I ______________________ San Fran-cisco.

e) She said that he _______________ me the ring I_________ wearing.

f) I said that I ___________________ it myself.

g) She said I ______________________ very happywith him.

h) I said that she __________ wrong.

i) She said that I _______________ she _________right.

26. (Mód. 04) Passe as sentenças para o reportedspeech.

Exemplo: “I’ll love you for ever.”

He said he would love her for ever.

a) “I can’t live without you.”

b) “I’ll never forget you.”

c) “You’re the only one I love.”

d) “You can always trust me.”

e) “I haven’t felt this way before.”

27. (Mód. 05) Reescreva o que as pessoas disseramusando as palavras entre parênteses e o past simple.

Exemplo:

Bob said, “Brian, would you lend me ten dollars, plea-se? (ask)Bob asked Brian to lend him ten dollars.

a) My cousin said to his secretary “Remember to callthe directors.” (remind)

b) The teacher said, “Do your homework, children.”(tell)

c) Gary said, “Sue, please lend me your Frenchbook.” (ask)

d) He said, “Kids, stay away from the river.” (warn)

e) The principal said to Mary, “You should see adoctor.” (advise)

f) She said, “Frank, wash your hands.” (tell)

g) Mrs. Johnson said, “Marty, remember to take yourcoat.” (remind)

19��

28. (Mód. 06) Use as palavras entre parênteses para fazeruma pergunta e complete com a reported question.

Exemplo: (where / have / Paul / go / ?)Question: Where has Paul gone?Reported Question: I asked where Paul had gone.

a) (do / James / play / baseball / ?)Question:______________________________

Reported Question: I asked _______________

________________________________________

b) (what / have / the kids / drink / ?)Question:______________________________

Reported Question: The teacher asked ______

________________________________________

c) (What / be / Michael / doing / ?)Question:______________________________

Reported Question: He wanted to know _____

________________________________________

d) (When / be / the next train / ?)Question:______________________________

Reported Question: The old lady asked______

________________________________________

e) (Have / Lucy / see / this video / ?)Question:______________________________

Reported Question: Mr. Cheng wanted to know.

________________________________________

f) (How many / people / will / travel / ?)Question:______________________________

Reported Question: The tour guide asked ____

________________________________________

20 ��

��

21��

��

��

�� Para fazermos o reported speech, (com exceção de reported questions)

geralmente usamos say ou tell.

Com o say, usamos say (that) ou say to someone (that) e, com o tell,temos que usar tell someone (that).

Exemplos: Kevin: “You’re very intelligent, Sue.”

Kevin said (that) Sue was very intelligent.

Kevin said to Sue (that) she was very intelligent.

Kevin told Sue (that) she was very intelligent.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 07

�� 1. Reescreva as sentenças abaixo usando tell em vez

de say.

Exemplo:Neil said to Lynn that he wouldn’t come to the meeting.Neil told Lynn that he wouldn’t come to the meeting.

a) He said to her that he liked her photos.

b) Kevin said to Johnny that he liked that CD.

c) Terence said to Mary that he forgot to bring herbook.

d) She said to Thomas that she would go away.e) He said to me that he couldn’t find his wallet.f) Sara said to him that she would send him a

postcard.g) My parents said to me that they would arrive at

eight.

� ��Gerúndio é a forma substantiva do verbo e é sempre terminado em ing.

Pode ser usado como sujeito ou objeto.

Exemplo: Swimming is a nice sport. � como sujeito

Do you like running? � como objeto

Formação do Gerúndio

eat – eating

swim – swimming

write – writing

play – playing

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 08

22 ��

�� 2. Complete com a forma correta do gerúndio.

a) _________________ is a good exercise. (swim)

b) ______________ movies is good to relax. (watch)

c) I love __________________ clothes. (buy)

d) _________________ is the best way to travel. (fly)

e) _____________ money is really important. (save)

f) ____________ is very bad for your health. (smoke)

g) I don’t like __________________ letters. (write)

h) We enjoy __________________ tennis. (play)

i) __________________ to other countries is reallygreat. (travel)

3. Complete com o verbo no gerúndio para cada figura.

a)

Christina likes _______________ .

b)

Tony likes _________________ .

c)

Michelle loves ________________ TV.

d)

Peter doesn’t like _____________ the house.

e)

Helen likes _________________ her bike.

f)

Paul loves _________________ .

23��

� �� Heart ThrobsA third of all patients won’t feel any chest painduring a heart attack. Could you be one of them?BY CHRISTINE GORMAN

You probably already know that a viselike pressurein the chest is the most common physical sign ofa heart attack. You may even be aware that thebody sometimes “refers” the pain of a heartattack, sending it to the neck, jaw or arms. But doyou know the second, third or fourth mostcommon sign of a heart attack? You should. Asmany as a third of all men and women feel nomuscle pain when they suffer a heart attack,according to a study in last week’s Journal of the

American Medical Association. Recognizing theless common signs of a heart attack could saveyour life or that of someone you love.

What Else to Look ForShortness of breathIndigestionProfuse sweatingA sense of doomNauseaChest, neck, arm, back pain

COPYRIGHT © 2000 TIME INC. I PRIVACY POLICY

Personal Time/Your Health: Heart Throbs – PAG...

�� 4. (Mód. 7) Use a forma correta de say ou tell.

a) I ___________ that I was tired.

b) ___________ her what you want.

c) Have you ______ the teacher about this problem?

d) Did you ___________ anything?

e) She never ___________ me how she is.

f) Ann ________ her sister she was going to school.

g) Why didn’t you _________ goodbye?

h) ___________ her to sit down.

5. (Mód. 08) Reescreva cada uma das sentenças, co-meçando com um verbo no gerúndio.

Exemplo: It’s difficult to study late at night.Studying late at night is difficult.

a) It’s not easy to get up early.

b) It takes time to learn a foreign language.

c) It’s not allowed to park here.

d) It’s interesting to visit art museums.

e) You’re forbidden to talk.

f) It’s nice to listen to music.

g) You are not allowed to smoke.

24 ��

��

Question Tag é uma pergunta no final da oração para confirmar o quefoi dito. Se afirmamos algo, o question tag nega.

Exemplo: It’s hot, isn’t it? � �

afirmação negação

Se negamos algo, o question tag afirma.

Exemplo: It isn’t hot, is it? � �

negação afirmação

Exemplos:

Present Simple: You like English, don’t you?

You don’t like English, do you?

Present Continuous: He is studying, isn’t he?

He isn’t studying, is he?

Present Perfect: She’s arrived, hasn’t she?

She hasn’t arrived, has she?

Past Simple: You ate a hamburguer, didn’t you?

You didn’t eat a hamburguer, did you?

Past Continuous: They were playing soccer, weren’t they?

They weren’t playing soccer, were they?

will – You’ll come, won’t you?You won’t come, will you?

going to – You’re going to travel, aren’t you?You aren’t going to travel, are you?

be – This is a good movie, isn’t it?This isn’t a good movie, is it?

can – She can speak French, can’t she?She can’t speak French, can she?

would – He wouldn’t like this story, would he?He would like this story, wouldn’t he?

should – You shouldn’t go to the party, should you?You should go to the party, shouldn’t you?

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 09

25��

�� 1. Escolha o question tag correto.

a) James got a lot of money, did he/didn’t he?b) You don’t speak Spanish, do you/don’t you?c) The kids were shouting a lot, were they/weren’t they?d) Liz doesn’t feel well, does she/doesn’t she?e) Charles didn’t like the show, did he/didn’t he? f) It has been a nice day, has it/hasn’t it?g) You aren’t traveling tonight, are you/aren’t you?h) You will come to my party, will you/won’t you? i) Mark likes English, does he/doesn’t he? j) He’s waiting for the bus, is he/isn’t he?

2. Combine as duas partes de cada sentença.

1) They’re not playing well today, a) has he?

2) But they played well last week, b) are they?

3) They didn’t lose any games, c) didn’t they?

4) The new goalkeeper is excellent, d) won’t they?

5) But they lose too many goals, e) don’t they?

6) They’ll have to change the coach, f) did they?

7) He hasn’t been a good one, g) isn’t he?

1____ 3____ 5____ 7____

2____ 4____ 6____

3. Complete o diálogo usando question tag.

A: I think we’re lost. We should have bought a guide

book, (1) ____________?

B: Well, we’ll have to ask someone, (2) _________ ?

Let’s ask that woman over there, (3) __________?

A: What did she say?

B: I understood her very well, but now I can’t remem-

ber the way to the station.

A: You understood her very well, (4) ____________?

You can’t understand French, (5) ____________?

B: Ok, let’s take a taxi.

A: We don’t have money for a taxi, (6) ____________?

B: No. But it doesn’t matter anymore because we

have already missed our train, (7) ____________?

� ��

From: Time For Kids

26 ��

4. (Mód. 09) Duas pessoas estão em um cinema. Com-plete o diálogo usando question tag.

A: It’s a great movie, _____________?

B: Yeah, it’s good.

A: Those two guys are going to fight, ____________?

B: Maybe.

A: I was right, _______________?

B: Yes, you were.

A: That girl has a gun, _________________?

B: Yes, she does.

A: He’s going to shoot the thief, _______________?

B: Maybe.

A: She is really beautiful, _________________?

B: Stop! You can never be quiet, _____________?

5. (Mód. 09) Acrescente o question tag correto.

a) Susan has helped you a lot, ________________?

b) You don’t eat salad, __________________?

c) The baby girl was sleeping, ________________?

d) I missed the plane, __________________?

e) Josie is traveling tomorrow, ________________?

f) We’re going to lose the game, ______________?

g) You haven’t done your homework, ___________?

h) Your parents are coming to the party, __________?

i) Michael didn’t come to school, ______________?

j) You like chocolate cake, __________________?

k) We’re late, __________________?

l) Your name is Jessica, __________________?

m) She’s waiting for the train, __________________?

n) They will come back, __________________?

o) Gillian does not come from Canada, _________?

27

InglêsCAPÍTULO 4 � PASSIVE VOICE

Passive Voice I - Present ........................................................................................... 29Passive Voice II ........................................................................................................... 30Time for kids ............................................................................................................... 31

CAPÍTULO 5 � IF SENTENCES THIRD CONDITIONALThird Conditional ........................................................................................................ 33Leitura Complementar ............................................................................................... 35

CAPÍTULO 6 � EVERY /ALL / MOST / EACHAll .................................................................................................................................. 37Every ............................................................................................................................ 37Each ............................................................................................................................. 37Most ............................................................................................................................. 37Description: Adjective Order ..................................................................................... 39Leitura Complementar ............................................................................................... 39

CAPÍTULO 7 � WORD FORMATION (PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES)Word Formation: Prefixes .......................................................................................... 41Suffixes ........................................................................................................................ 41Leitura Complementar ............................................................................................... 42

29!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Passive Voice I -Present

CAPÍTULO 4

A voz passiva é usada principalmente para dar ênfase ao objeto; paraque isso ocorra o objeto torna-se o sujeito da frase.

Formação� o objeto da voz ativa torna-se o sujeito da voz passiva.� o verbo to be aparece sempre no tempo verbal da frase da voz ativa.� o verbo principal está sempre no particípio passado.� o sujeito da voz ativa torna-se o agente da passiva, sempre acom-

panhado da preposição by (isso se for necessário falar quem fez a ação, porexemplo, someone, they, people). Não há necessidade de serem colocadoscomo agentes por não serem específicos.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 10

Exercícios de Aplicação1. Passe as sentenças para a voz passiva. Use o agen-

te da passiva somente quando necessário.Exemplo: Someone in New York writes theseletters.

These letters are written in New York.a) Jessica makes John�s clothes.b) Mr. White manages the company.c) They keep a lot of jewels and money in a bank in

Switzerland.d) Cigarretes cause forest fires.e) Do they grow sugar cane in Brazil?f) They don�t grow coffee in Russia.

30 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

PASSIVE VOICE IIComo vimos no módulo anterior, a voz passiva é feita pelo verbo to be no

mesmo tempo da voz ativa + o particípio passado do verbo principal.

Como podemos ver acima, o verbo principal da voz ativa está no passa-do simples (wrote), portanto o verbo to be na voz passiva também está nopassado simples (was).

Mudanças verbais que ocorrem na passagem da voz ativa para a vozpassiva.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 11

31!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

2. Passe para a voz passiva.a) The teachers must correct the exams.b) The kids are organizing a surprise party.c) The American team has won the gold medal.d) A boy was taking care of the lions.e) All the students can play this game.f) A lot of people were watching the speech.g) The assistant sent a message.h) The doctors have seen the new patient.i) A police car is following us.

3. Passe as frases para a voz ativa.a) The Japanese lamp was broken by the girls.b) Information is stored by computers.c) This poem has been written by me.d) The letters were sent by Karl.e) The windows are washed by the nurse.f) Your secret will be revealed by her.

Exercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de Aplicação

CASSIE AND RITA

LEITURA COMPLEMENTAR

32 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 11

4. Passe as sentenças para a voz passiva.a) The police arrest a lot of people every day.b) Louis always find money on the streets.c) They plant a lot of trees every year.d) They sell most of the tickets on the day of the play.e) The ambulance takes sick people to the hospital.f) They grow coffee in Brazil.g) Famous journalists write articles in this

newspaper every day.

5. Reescreva as sentenças na voz passiva.a) They built the building in 1927.b) A cat has eaten my food.c) They will give a gift tomorrow.d) They have postponed our test.e) One of the players broke a window.f) People drink a lot of cans of soft drinks every day.g) They�ll change your room.h) Bob has won a prize.

Exercícios de FExercícios de FExercícios de FExercícios de FExercícios de Fixaçãoixaçãoixaçãoixaçãoixação

33��

��

��

Como vimos anteriormente, a oração condicional expressa uma condi-ção e sempre aparece ligada a uma oração principal.

Third Conditional

Formação

If + Past Perfect + (would have + Past Participle) Perfect Conditional

Exemplo: If she had had money, she would have gone to the movies.

No exemplo acima, podemos ver que a third conditional descreve umacondição impossível, ou seja: se ela tivesse tido dinheiro, ela teria ido aocinema, como ela não tinha dinheiro, ela não foi.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 12

�� 1. Leia a história abaixo.

In August 1995, Paul lost his job in Los Angeles. Hehad a family to support and he was very worried. Hesaw an advertisement in the newspaper for aninteresting job, but he had to know to speak French.He didn’t know to speak French very well, so he didn’tapply for it. In November a friend phoned him to tellhim about a job in Italy. He phoned the company inItaly, and they asked him to go for an interview. Hethought he wouldn’t get the job, but the director of thecompany liked him. However, he couldn’t start at oncebecause he didn’t know any Italian. He took a courseto learn Italian. So, by January he had a new job andmoved to Italy with his family.

Escreva sentença usando as palavras entre parên-teses.Exemplo: (If Paul / not / have / a family to support, he/ not / be / so worried)If Paul hadn’t had a family to support, he wouldn’thave been so worried.a) (If he / not / look / in the newspaper, he / not / see

/ the advertisement)b) (If he / speak / French, he / apply / for the job)c) (If his friend / not / phone, he / not / know / about

the job in Italy)d) (If he / not / contact / the company, they / not / ask

/ him to go for an interview)e) (If the interview / go / badly, the director / not / offer

/ Paul / a job)f) (If Paul / know / some Italian, he / start / at once)

34 ��

� �� $If Sentences (First, Second and Third Conditionals)

Há três tipos principais de condicionais.

1st Conditional: If + Present Simple + will / can / mightExemplo: If the weather is

Presente Simples

�good we will go to the club.

�Condição provável

2nd Conditional: If + Past Simple + would / could / might

Exemplo: If I hadPassado Simples

� money I would go to Europe.

�Condição improvável

3rd Conditional: If + Past Perfect + would have / could have/ /might have + Past Participle

Exemplo: If Romário had playedPassado Perfeito� �� we would have won the championship.

�Condição impossível

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 13

2. Faça a associação das frases e junte-as usando if. Diga a qual tipo de condicional elas pertencem.

1 - Larry went to bed at 8:00. a - I’ll follow him.2 - The babies had worn different clothes. b - I wouldn’t have bought it.3 - If the guide tells what he wants. c - He wouldn’t sleep.4 - People traveled by train. d - There would be less pollution.5 - If I hadn’t seen the product in the supermarket. e - We could have said who they were.

3. Bob plays the drums. The noise he makes is annoyinghis father.

Mr. Smith: Stop playing the drums! This noise isterrible.Bob: But dad! If (1) __________________ (I / notpractice), I won’t be a good musician.Mr. Smith: But it’s midnight. If (2)

_____________________ (you / play) during the day,

(3) _____________________ (I / not / hear) you. If (4)

_____________________ (you / not / play) so loud,

(5) _____________________ (it / not / be) so bad.Bob: I’m sorry dad. But I can’t stop playing.Mr. Smith: Son, if (6) _____________________ (I / re-alize) a year ago what you were doing, (7)

_____________________ (I / not / buy) it. If (8)

_____________________ (you / keep) making thisnoise at night, (9) _____________________ (I / sell)the drums.

��

35��

� �� MAY 22, 2000 VOL. 155 NO. 21 VISIONS 21

Dangerous Season

Forget those summer tans--they’re aninvitation to skin cancer. Kids especially need sunprotection

BY IAN K. SMITH, M.D.

Ah, the sweet images of summer!

Think of sunny skies, leisurely strolls in thepark, lolling in a new swimsuit on a sandy beach.The season of sunshine is just around the corner.That’s the good news. The bad news is thatsummer is the danger season for your skin. Eachyear 1.3 million Americans fall victim to skincancer, and 9,000 of them die. Sadly, almost allof these deaths could have been prevented. Theproblem is that not enough of us are followingbasic sun-exposure precautions, especially forour children. That’s evident from the results of anew survey by the American Academy ofDermatology. It shows that 13% of youngsters age12 or under have experienced at least one

sunburn and that 24% of parents admit they havenever used sunscreen to protect their kids.

While darker skin tends to burn less easily,everyone needs protection, including AfricanAmericans. Here are some simple rules youshouldn’t forget:

– Use a sunscreen anytime you’re out in thesun for more than 20 minutes.

– Apply it 15 to 30 minutes beforehand.

– Cover all exposed parts of your body,including less accessible places like the legs, theback of the neck and the tops of the ears.

For more information about your skin and thesun, search for the words Safe Sun Tips at http://www.aad.org. E-mail Dr. Ian [email protected] END

COPYRIGHT ® 2000 TIME INC. I PRIVACY POLICY

36 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Exercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de Aplicação

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 12

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 13

5. Relacione as colunas.a) He will help us ( ) we will buy a pizza.b) I would study today ( ) he would approve the project.c) If the police comes ( ) if you had looked for it.d) What would you do ( ) you would see the film.e) If he accepted the idea ( ) if we ask him for help.f) You would have found the book ( ) if he breaks the vase.g) She will punish Tom ( ) I would have finished my work.h) If you had helped me ( ) they will run away.i) If you went to the movies ( ) if I gave you 500 dollars?j) We would have cleaned the kitchen ( ) if I had a test tomorrow.k) If you are hungry ( ) if we had had time.l) If they were tired ( ) they would rest.

6. Complete as frases condicionais com os verbos entre parênteses.a) If the weather is fine, we _____________________ (go) to the mountains.b) They _____________________ (learn) the lesson if they had paid attention.c) We _____________________ (go) to the movies if we had had money.d) She _____________________ (tell) you the story if you ask her.e) I _____________________ (invite) Paul if I knew him.f) If they _____________________ (ask) me, I will tell the truth.g) If it _____________________ (rain) you won�t go out.h) I�ll explain everything again if she _____________________ (not - understand) it

4. Complete as sentenças com as informações entreparênteses.a) (Mary didn�t get a job as a teacher because she

wasn�t graduated)Mary _____________________ the job as ateacher if she _____________________ .

b) (Peter lost our address, that�s why he didn�t writeto us)If Peter _____________________ our address,he _____________________ to us.

c) (Nancy broke her arm, so she didn�t play)If Nancy _____________________ her arm, she_____________________ .

d) (Laura didn�t make dinner because she forgot tobuy meat)Laura _____________________ dinner if she_____________________ to buy meat.

37��

!� ��"��!��

��

��All pode ser usado antes de substantivos no plural ou antes de um subs-

tantivo incontável.

Exemplo: All plants need water. ⇒ O uso do all indica que são to-das as plantas do mundo.

Ainda podemos usar o all seguido de uma frase significando tudo ouuma única coisa.

Exemplos: Tell me all you can do. (Diga-me tudo o que você podefazer.)

All he did was tidy his room. (Tudo o que ele fez foi arrumar seu quarto,ou seja, foi a única coisa que ele fez.)

� ��Every é usado antes de substantivos no singular para falar sobre um

grupo inteiro.

Exemplo: Every bus has a number. (Todo ônibus tem um número.)

��Each é usado antes de substantivos no singular e significa cada.

Exemplo: Each person in that building has a car. (Cada pessoa na-quele prédio tem um carro.)

Observação – Each acompanhado da preposição of precede um subs-tantivo no plural.

Exemplo: Each of the apartments has a garage. (Cada um dos apar-tamentos tem uma garagem.)

��Most significa maioria e pode ser usado antes de substantivos no plural

ou antes de um substantivo incontável.

Exemplo: Most people would like to travel more. (A maioria das pes-soas gostaria de viajar mais.)

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 14

38 ��

Observação – Most e All podem ser seguidos ou não da preposição of,mas antes de pronomes é obrigatório o uso de of.

Exemplo: Most of them arrived late.

Observação – Every e All antes de: day, morning, week, etc.

I travel every day = (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, ...)

I was traveling all day. (from morning till evening)

�� 1. Complete o diálogo com every ou each. Em algu-

mas situações, ambos são possíveis.

Walter: Your new apartment is much bigger than yourprevious one. Does (1) _____________ person havetheir own room?Linda: Yes. And (2) _____________ one pay hisshare of the rent (3) _____________ month.Walter: It’s great! Do you have many parties here?Linda: Of course, but not (4) _____________ week.Walter: How do you organize your parties?Linda: Well, (5) _____________ guest brings somefood or drinks. But we won’t have any parties for thenext two weeks because we’re studying for our exams

(6) _____________ night.

2. Complete com every ou all e a palavra entre parên-teses.

a) I don’t go to church ____________________(week).

b) I’ve been studying ____________________(morning) today.

c) She’s so tired today because she spent____________________ (night) at the disco.

d) Susan gets up at 6:00 ____________________(day).

e) It’s 5:00 p.m. Are you going to sleep ____________(afternoon)?

f) Last Sunday my father spent _____________(day) fishing.

g) Joe is in a hurry ____________________ (time)I see him.

3. Completar com all ou most.

Cinco pessoas tomaram parte em um jogo para res-ponder vinte perguntas. Eles responderam todascorretamente ou a maior parte?Exemplo: Jessica answered seventeen questions:She got most of them right.a) Kate answered all twenty correctly:b) David’s answered sixteen questions correctly:c) Mike answered them all right except two:d) Tony gave twenty correct answers:

39��

Description: Adjective Order.

Para fazermos uma descrição usamos adjetivos. Em inglês, os adjeti-vos devem seguir uma determinada ordem, de acordo com o quadro abaixo:

Exemplos: She is a beautiful tall American girl.

quality size nationality

It’s a round yellow toy.

shape color

5. Transforme as duas sentenças em uma.

Exemplo:I’ve got a car. It’s blue. It is small. It goes 140 kilometersan hour.I’ve got a small, blue car which goes 140 kilometersan hour.a) Sue knows a girl. She’s Italian. She’s young. She

lives in Venice.b) George’s got a jacket. It’s silk. It’s black. It looks

great.c) Daniel’s got a pair of shoes. It’s new. It’s brown.

It’s cheap.d) I’ve got a friend. He’s Dutch. He’s pleasant. He

writes to me every month.e) We study English in a room. It is square. It’s small.

It has just one window.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 15

4. Coloque as palavras em ordem para escrever sen-tenças corretas.

a) American / He’s / an / boy.b) a / fair-haired / boy / American / He’sc) American / thin / He’s / fair-haired / boy / ad) He’s / young / a / thin / American / fair-haired / boye) short / American / thin / fair-haired / boy / young /

He’s / af) thin / young / boy / He’s / pleasant / a / fair-haired /

short / American

��

� �� SCIENCE NEWS

September 22, 2000

Scientists Discover ‘Hole’ Truth

Astronomers find black hole in galaxy’scenter

Scientists have just made a discovery - aVERY big discovery. They have spotted a giantblack hole that lies smack in the middle of theMilky Way galaxy. This black hole has a mass ofmore than two million suns. (How large is that?Keep in mind that the diameter, or width, of onesun is 864,000 miles - more than 100 times widerthan the Earth!)

What Are Black Holes?

A black hole is a mysterious object that is sothick and creates forces of gravity so strong thateven light cannot escape from the hole’s surface.That’s what makes black holes almost impossibleto see.

Since the newly discovered hole lies withinthe Milky Way - which is home to our very ownsolar system - it can truly be called ourneighborhood black hole. In fact, scientists haveclosely pinpointed its precise location using theKeck Telescope in Hawaii.

40 ��

How to Find a Black Hole

Researchers at the University of Californiain Los Angeles have been watching stars spincloser and faster around the black hole for thepast four years. By measuring tiny differences inthe images of stars that revolve around what isbelieved to be the center of the galaxy, scientistswere able to pinpoint the black hole.

This latest discovery will help astronomerslearn more about the formation of galaxies andblack holes. Since researchers have always

believed that most black holes lie at the center oftheir galaxies, their new findings may also helpus map out our place in space.

“This has always been a major goal,” saidWallace Tucker, who works out of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics inCambridge, Massachusetts.

“To try to figure out exactly where the centerof our galaxy is.”

- By Dina MaasaraniFROM: TIME FOR KIDS

��

6. Complete o parágrafo usando all, every ou each. Àsvezes mais de uma resposta pode ser possível.

(1) _________________ the houses in myneighborhood look the same, the only difference isthat (2) _________________ house has its ownnumber.

(3) _________________ morning. (4)

_________________ of the doors of these housesopens and the people of the house goes off to work orschool. That happens on (5) _________________weekday morning, but at the weekends is different. (6)

_________________ the families have a car and onSaturdays (7) _________________ of them has to bewashed. (8) _________________ house has a gardenand on Sundays (9) _________________ the grasshas to be cut. (10) _________________ the people doeverything that is possible to be the same as theirneighbors.

7. Circule o adjetivo que está no lugar errado e colo-que-o no grupo correto.

8. Coloque os adjetivos na ordem correta.

a) (blue, velvet, long)I’ve got a ________ _________ _________ dress.

b) (famous, American, young)She’s a ________ _________ _________actress.

c) (new, cotton, red)She’s got a ________ _________ _________sweater.

d) (great, Italian, tall)He’s a ________ _________ _________volleyball player.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 14

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 15

41!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Exemplos:danger - dangerouscare - careful

Word Formation(Prefixes and Suffixes)

CAPÍTULO 7

WORD FORMATION: PREFIXESOs prefixos são usados no início de uma palavra para transformá-la em

uma nova palavra.Alguns prefixos: dis- un- im- re- mis- in-Exemplos:dis + appoint = disappointun + happy = unhappyim + patient = impatientre + write = rewritemis + understand = misunderstandin + direct = indirect

1. Acrescente um dos prefixos às palavras. Um prefixopode ser usado mais de uma vez.dis- un- im- re-a) This exercise is ____possible to be solved.b) I was so ____happy this morning.c) Kids are very ____patient.d) This the memorial for the ____known soldier.e) To betray your friend is ____honest.f) You have to ____write your composition.g) Everybody ____agrees about it.

Exercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de AplicaçãoExercícios de Aplicação2. Associe cada prefixo com uma palavra da coluna di-

reita.dis- happy agreeim- polite fortunein- direct appointmis- fair accurateun- patient approve

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 16

SUFFIXESOs sufixos são usados no final de uma palavra para transformá-la em

uma nova palavra.Alguns sufixos:

-ing -ed -ance -ful -able -ly -ous -er-ism - ish -ive -y -ship -ation

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 17

42 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

LEITURA COMPLEMENTAR

Exercícios de Aplicação3. Associe cada palavra com o sufixo correto.

organize -ismmember -ydifficult -ationfool -fulcreate -ishfaith -iveappear -shiprace -ance

WORLD REPORT EDITION IN THENEWS

Better Wear a Helmet!It�s the hottest way to get around, but there�s

bad news about scooters. A report out last weekshowed that from January through August, morethan 9,400 scooter riders landed in the emergencyroom. Nearly nine out of 10 of those injured werekids unders 15. Scooter injuries are rising fast:

500 were reported in May; in August there were4,000!

Why all the accidents? Some blame thesmall wheels. �If you hit a pebble, that�s all it takesto go down,� says Tim Patmont. His companyoffers larger scooters with rubber wheels.Everyone seems to agree on one thing: scooterriders should wear a helmet, wrist guards andknee and elbow pads to avoid getting hurt. Oh,and watch out for cars and for all those otherscooters zooming by.

September 15, 2000 Vol. 6 No. 2FROM: TIME FOR KIDS

4. Acrescente um dos sufixos abaixo às palavras. Cadasufixo será usado apenas uma vez.-ous -ed -ing -able -ance -ful -ly -era) It�s danger____ to walk alone in this city.b) Reading this text was help____.c) I�m a teach____.d) This book is not interest____.e) This chicken is not cook____.f) You are very friend____.g) I need to change my appear____.h) The party was really enjoy____.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 16

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 17

5. Acrescente o prefixo correto a cada uma das pala-vras. Use in-, im-, un-, mis-, dis-.a) fair: _______________________b) understand: _______________________c) possible: _______________________d) happy: _______________________e) accurate: _______________________f) fortune: _______________________g) agree: _______________________h) polite: _______________________i) appear: _______________________j) appoint:: _______________________

6. Associe cada palavra com o sufixo correto. Em se-guida, escreva sentenças usando cada nova pala-vra.care -shiprelation -ancecolonize -ishself -fuldisappear -ationSentençasExemplo: Don�t be so selfish.

Exercícios de Fixação

43

��'�� $ ��

Relative Clauses I (Who / Which / That) ................................................................... 45

Relative Clause II (Where / Whose / What)............................................................... 46

Weather........................................................................................................................ 47


��(�� Modal Verbs I ............................................................................................................... 53

Características Gerais .............................................................................................. 53

Modal Verbs II .............................................................................................................. 55


��)�� Phrasal Verbs I ............................................................................................................ 59

Phrasal Verbs II ........................................................................................................... 60

Phrasal Verbs III .......................................................................................................... 61

Should – Giving Advice .............................................................................................. 63


45��

) �� # � �

��

� �� $��$��Usamos o pronome relativo who para pessoas e o pronome relativo which

para animais, coisas e acontecimentos (podemos usar that ao invés de whoou which).

Exemplo:

She’s the girl who always wears sunglasses.

This is the bus which goes to London.

She’s the girl that always wears sunglasses.

This is the bus that goes to London.

Who, which ou that podem funcionar como sujeitos da relative clause.

Exemplo:

I know the man who got the job (he got the job).

Podemos omitir o who, which ou that neste caso.

Who, which ou that podem também funcionar como objeto da relative clause.

Exemplo:

I read the book which you gave me.

(You gave me the book).

The man who I spoke to is a millionaire.

(I spoke to the man).

Em conversas informais podemos omiti-los.

Podemos usar o whom quando o objeto for uma pessoa, mas é muitoformal e raramente é usado em conversas. Geralmente omitimos ou usa-mos who no lugar.

Exemplo:

The people whom we met were very interesting.

Quando usamos verbos e adjetivos precedidos de preposição, a prepo-sição geralmente vem no final da relative clause.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 18

46 ��

Exemplo:

I know who this umbrella belong to.

No inglês formal podemos colocar a preposição no começo, antes dowhom ou which.

Exemplo:

I met the man for whom you work.

That’s the job for which I applied.

�� 1. Marque as frases em que não é possível omitir o

pronome relativo who, which ou that.

a) A supermarket cashier in Ashton, Bristol noticed acustomer who was acting strangely. ( )

b) He also noticed the enormous hat that she waswearing. ( )

c) There were only two things in the basket that shewas carrying. ( )

d) The customer paid for the things which she’dbought. ( )

e) She then suddenly fainted and fell on top of a childwho was standing behind her. ( )

f) The cashier removed the hat which was still onthe customer’s head. ( )

g) She found a frozen chicken and a packet of frozenpeas which the customer had stolen. ( )

h) It was the frozen chicken and peas that had madeher faint. ( )

2. Complete as frases com pronomes relativos ade-quados.

a) Man must stop destroying the thing _______ meanhis own survival.

b) Nobody has seen the burglar _______ broke inthe store.

c) We are acquainted with some people _______live in London.

d) The cigarettes _______ Dad smokes areconsidered to be “light”.

3. Junte as duas frases usando who ou which.

a) I saw a road accident today. It really upset me.b) He hit an old woman. She was crossing the road.c) I took care of the old woman. She was still

breathing.d) But she died in the ambulance. it was taking her

to hospital.

� �� $� � �$�� $��Usamos o pronome relativo where para descrever lugares.

Exemplo:

That’s the house where I was born.

Podemos usar where sem identificar o lugar descrito.

Exemplo:

This is where I live.

I want to go where it’s sunny.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 19

47��

O pronome relativo whose para posse, sempre, será seguido por um substantivo. Pode ser sujeitoou objeto do verbo.

Exemplo:

She’s the girl whose dog bit me. (sujeito)

He’s the man whose wife we met. (objeto)

O pronome relativo what significa: a(s) coisa(s) que.

Exemplo:

He doesn’t like what I do. (objeto)

His dishonesty is what worries me. (sujeito)

Podemos começar as frases com what para enfatizar algo.

Exemplo:

What we need is a new government.

Não usamos what depois de all e everything.

Exemplo:

All you can do is be patient.

Have you got everything you need?

�� 4. Reescreva as frases usando where.

a) (I stayed at this hotel.) This is the hotel .b) (I had breakfast on this balcony.) This is the

balcony .c) (We ate at this taverna in the evening.)d) (I spent most of my time on this beach.)e) (I met Angelo at this night club.)

5. Complete as lacunas usando whose.

a) (The boot of the car is probably full of wine.) We’relooking for a red Ford Mondeo _______

b) (We found somebody’s jacket in the store.) We’dlike to talk to the person _______

c) (Somebody’s fingerprints are on the door of thesafe.) We’re looking for the person _______

d) (We found somebody’s gloves near the storeentrance.) We’d like to interview the person_______

��

cloud – cloudy

fog – foggy

48 ��

wind – windy

rain – rainy

ice – icy

sun – sunny

thunder – thundery

snow – snowy

tornado

blizzard

hurricane

storm

49��

06. De acordo com o quadro, responda as perguntasabaixo.

What’s the weather like in...?a) Athens?b) Cairo?c) Dublin?d) London?e) Berlin?f) Moscow?g) Paris?a) It’s _______ and the temperature is _______.b) _____________________________________.c) _____________________________________.d) _____________________________________.e) _____________________________________.f) _____________________________________.g) _____________________________________.

�� 07. Complete o quadro com: cold, cool, freezing, hot, very hot,

warm.

�� 08. (Mód. 19) Complete com informações sobre nosso país.

a) In January, the weather is usually _______b) In April, the weather is often _______c) In November, the weather is never _______d) In July, the weather is _______

09. (Mód. 18) Junte as frases usando who ou which.

a) She spoke to the man. He was standing next to her.b) I read the letters. They came in the morning past.c) He likes the other people. They work in his office.d) She’s that singer. She was on television last night.e) Next week there is a festival. It happens in the

village every summer.f) I paid the bills. They came yesterday.

10. (Mód. 18) Complete com which ou who.

A: Did you watch that programme last night?B: Which one?A: The programme _______ I mentioned a couple of

days ago. It’s a new series _______ started lastnight.

B: No, I didn’t see it. Was it good?A: Yes, It was about a group of friends _______ were

at school together. Well, Rupert...

B: Who was Rupert?A: He was an old student of the school _______ had

become a doctor. He went to a party _______ hisold teachers organized. He met a lot of people_______ had been at school with him many yearsbefore. They talked about the things _______ theydid when they were at school. Then suddenly,Rupert saw an old girlfriend _______ wasdancing with John...

B: Don’t tell me any more. It ’s getting toocomplicated!

11. (Mód. 18) Junte as frases usando who, which outhat.

a) We ate the sandwiches. Jack made them.b) I’m doing some work. I have to finish it today.c) She’s an old woman. I often see her when I go to

the shops.d) He’s an actor. A lot of people like him.e) It’s a magazine. I read it sometimes.

12. (Mód. 18) Junte as frases como o exemplo, usandowho ou which.

Ex.: The person phoned. He didn’t leave a message.The person who phoned didn’t leave a message.a) The bus goes to the airport. It leaves every 20

minutes.

50 ��

b) The picture was hanging near the door. It washorrible.

c) The instructor taught me how to drive. He wasvery patient.

d) The girl was sitting next to me. She started talkingto me.

13. (Mód. 18) Transforme as frases do quadro em Relati-ve Clauses e use-as para completar as frases a seguir.

they love horse racesshe tells funny storieswe attended it yesterdayshe lives next door to uswho greets meit is very common in India

a) The ceremony ___________ was very enjoyable.b) Evelyn is the lady ____________ to the children.c) The Sennas were friendly guys ____________ .d) Child marriage, ___________, is not an ordinary

habit in America.e) We happen to know the widow ______________.f) I love the child ______________ every morning

on the street where I live.

14. (Mód. 18) Assinale a alternativa correta.

1) In that College, it’s the teacher _______ decideswhat he wants to teach.

a) thatb) whichc) whatd) wheree) when2) My uncle Harry, _______ I haven’t seen for years,

is coming for Christmas.a) thatb) whatc) whichd) whome) whose3) Washington, DC is a city _______ is particularly

beautiful in spring.a) whob) whosec) whichd) whene) what4) I’m not sure _____________________.a) whom she’s staying withb) with whom is she stayingc) with who she is stayingd) with who is she stayinge) with which who she is staying5) The Toledos are the worst neighbors _______

we have ever had.a) thatb) whichc) whatd) whosee) when

15. (Mód. 19) Complete o diálogo usando what, that ouomita quando possível.

A: I want to know where you went and the things (1)_______ you did.

B: I’ve told you (2) _______ we did. We simply had adrink together.

A: What did you talk about?B: You know (3) _______ we talked about. I’ve told

you everything (4) _______ we said.A: Do you like Nick?B: Yes, I do, but that doesn’t mean (5) _______ you

think it means. You don’t believe (6) _______ I’msaying, do you? I’ve told you everything (7) _______happened. That’s all (8) I can do.

16. (Mód. 19) Complete como no modelo.

Ex.:Dora has met... (the students / their grades were very

low)Dora has met the students whose grades were very

low.a) She... (not to be the kind of person / her behavior

could be considered reasonable)b) What’s the name... (the man / his daughter was

taken to hospital)c) We happen to know... (experts / their main

occupations are buying and selling books)d) That’s... (the tree / it’s branches are falling down)

17. (Módulos 18 e 19) Assinale a alternativa correta.

1) Fred is the man _______ car’s been stolen.a) whob) whomc) thatd) whosee) –2) Look, that’s the building _______ Anita works.a) whob) whomc) whichd) whene) where3) She really doesn’t know _______ to do.a) whob) whomc) whatd) whiche) that4) He is the man _______ son is a famous surgeon.a) whoseb) whoc) whomd) whiche) that

51��

18. (Mód. 19) Combine as frases usando whose.

a) The woman is a careful mother. Her baby issleeping.

b) The man is very sad. His wife has run away.c) The dog is John’s. Its hair is black and white.d) Mr. Ford is here. His daughter is called Helen.e) That man is my brother. His hair is black.

Max, 21, and Marissa, 24, were married by ajustice of the peace right before show time onApril 16 in Charleston, W. Va. A cheering crowdwatched the ceremony. Then after the couplekissed, they hustled into circus costumes andwent on with the show.

“We did the whole show and had a weddingcake and punch during intermission,” saidMarissa, who first met Max when they startedworking together two years ago.

“The wedding was perfect,” beamed thebride, “and I really love this clown!”

(From: Key Word)

��

19. (Mód. 18 e 19) Complete com o pronome relativo cor-reto.

a) The man to _______ you gave the money hasdied.

b) The table on _______ you put your shoes cost300 dollars.

c) I have just seen the woman _______ son studiedmonkeys and bears.

d) Mrs. Scott, _______ is my mother, wants to seeyou.

e) Nothing _______ he says is true.

You’re not going to marry that clown, areyou?

Marissa Young married a real bozo – she tiedthe knot with a circus clown!

Max Richardson – in full clown face – tooklovely Marissa as his wife in front of an audienceof 7,000 people at the Ringling Brothers andBarnum & Bailey Circus.

Their three-ring ceremony included 18clowns, 18 dancers and five elephants. The bridemade her grand entrance wearing a stunning whitegown – while riding an elephant!

“I always wanted a big fancy wedding andthis was a dream come true,” said Marissa, adancer with the circus.

52 ��

��

53��

"�� *��_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 20

��

��

�� – Não têm conjugação regular ou completa.

– Não têm infinitivo.

– Não recebem s ou es na 3ª pessoa do singular no presente.

– São seguidos de infinitivo sem to.

– Geralmente formam suas próprias interrogativas e negativas.

– Funcionam como verbos auxiliares.

Can – expressa capacidade ou habilidade, permissão.

Presente: can

Passado: could

Futuro: will be able to

Ex.:

She can swim.

You can leave now.

May – expressa permissão ou possibilidade, probabilidade.

Presente: may

passado: might

futuro: will be allowed to

will be permitted to

Ex.:

May I come in?

It may rain tonight.

Must – sua tradução é “dever” e expressa algo obrigatório. A formamustn’t expressa proibição.

Presente: must

Passado: had to

Futuro: will have to

Ex.:

I must tell you the truth.

54 ��

Ought to – expressa um conselho, algo que se acha importante ou ne-c e s s á r i o .

Ex.:

You ought to visit your grandmother.

Should – expressa um conselho.

Ex.:

You should study more.

Used to – expressa um hábito no passado.

Ex.:

I used to cry when I was a baby.

Need – expressa necessidade.

Ex.:

She needs to go home.

��

01. Escreva frases pedindo permissão. Use may.

a) drive your carb) ask you a questionc) help youd) call you in the morninge) have lunch earlier

02. Reescreva as frases usando can.

a) He speaks English.b) We have a good time here.c) I walk to school in the morning.d) She writes beautiful letters.e) My friends play tennis.

03. Escreva frases usando to be able to na forma corre-ta.

a) read that letter yesterdayb) come todayc) travel next yeard) not drive the car last night

04. Reescreva as frases usando have to.

a) I read that book today.b) He will travel next month.c) We went home by car yesterday.d) She works in the morning.

05. Escreva as frases usando ought to.

a) make a cakeb) cook dinnerc) clean the roomd) walk the doge) get up early

06. Escreva as frases usando should.

a) talk to himb) help herc) go to a doctord) stay heree) drink water

55��

�� Can / could

Continuous: can / could + be + _ing

Perfect: can / could + have + past participle

Forma negativa: can’t / cannot / couldn’t

Ex.:

Shirley can be sleeping now.

Couldn’t she have told you a lie?

May / might

Continuous: may / might + be + ing

Perfect: may / might + have + past participle

Forma negativa: may not / mightn’t

Ex.:

She mightn’t be talking seriously.

May she have told you a lie?

Must

Continuous: must + be + ing

Perfect: must + have + past participle

Forma negativa: mustn’t

Ex.:

She must have left early today.

Should / Ought to

Continuous: should / ought to + be + ing

Perfect: should / ought to + have + past participle

Forma negativa: shouldn’t / oughtn’t to

Ex.:

They should have spoken to us.

You should be eating well.

Need

Forma negativa: needn’t / don’t need / doesn’t need

* A need for: uma necessidade de

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 21

56 ��

�� 07. Complete com a opção correta.

a) She’s grown-up. She (ought / should) to behaveaccordingly.

b) I think you’re feverish. You (ought to / need) takingyour temperature.

c) Is there (a need for / need) Vera’s presencetomorrow?

d) It’s late. You (need to sleeping / should be sleeping)e) Many symptoms (needn’t / shouldn’t) special

attention.f) This thermometer is inaccurate. We (should have

bought / need to) that German one.g) That scratch on your arm is getting worse. You

(should have take / ought to have taken)

08. Faça como o modelo.

Ex.:I don’t see Tom anywhere. (He must / leave)He must have left.a) Telma didn’t need to lie to me as we’ve been friends

for a long time. (She might / tell the truth)b) This report of yours is a complete nonsense. (You

can / not talk seriously)c) Madalena was extremely selfish. (She could / not

leave me alone and without any help)d) Walls have ears. (you might / not reveal your

secrets in a loud voice)e) I’m not sure about her true motives for quitting

school. (can she / lie)

09. Um homem está no hospital. Complete o que o ami-go dele diz sobre ele usando: couldn’t, may have,may not, could, may, might have.

a) He _______ be in hospital for weeks.b) He _______ recover completely.c) But it _______ be worse. He _______ been killed.d) This is a very good hospital. He _______ get better

medical treatment anywhere else.e) The other car was on the wrong side of the road.

The driver _______ been drunk.

10. (Módulo 20) Complete as frases a partir dos modelos.

Ex.:I think you’ve got the ability to drive.I think you can driveYou are allowed to enter now.You may enter now.a) Tell Rita that it is forbidden to park cars here.

Tell Rita that sheb) I suppose that Rogério had the means to cover

expenses like these ones.I suppose that Rogério

c) It’s certain that Ricardo’s parents will not let himjoin our team.It’s certain that Ricardo

11. (Mód. 20 e 21) Complete com a opção correta.

a) Sheila (can / cans) invite anybody to her weddingparty.

b) Come what may, your sister (will have / cannot) tostudy more.

�� c) Sorry, Elisa can’t talk to you now. She (has to /

mays) care for the dinner.d) I’ll do the dishes so you (mustn’t / don’t have) to

worry about it.e) I will never (can / be able) to play the piano, I guess.f) He (may to / must) be home, he told me he would.

12. (Mód. 20 e 21) Assinale a alternativa correta.

1) Our Literature teacher was very bright-he _______six foreign languages.

a) must to speakb) could speakc) could speaksd) can to speak

2) Where ____________ we celebrate our wedding,darling?

a) canb) are wec) have tod) must to

57��

3) Do you mean that I _____________ cover all theexpenses by myself, darling?

a) must tob) mustc) can tod) to have to

4) Don’t call Carlos now! He _______________.a) may be sleepingb) might to sleepc) may have sleepingd) may sleep.

5) If we get to the movies at 9 pm, we __________find it open.

a) can’t tob) may notc) must tod) are to

6) Selma has just undergone a delicate surgery. She___________.

a) should to be restingb) ought be restingc) ought to be restingd) needs do resting7) Coughing, chestiness and shortness of breath

are symptoms of bronchitis. You _______ see adoctor.

a) needb) don’t needc) not needd) needs to

8) My radio is not working. Its batteries _______.a) need changedb) needs changingc) need changingd) needn’t to changing

9) Camilo has been unemployed for 6 months now.He _______ the job he was offered.

a) should have acceptedb) should to have acceptedc) ought have acceptedd) needs have accepted

13. (Mód. 21) Corrija, quando necessário, as frases se-guintes.

a) My car’s broken down. I couldn’t get to the meetingon time.

b) I mightn’t have contacted you earlier because Icouldn’t find a phone.

c) I may be as much as an hour late.

d) I might have left home earlier.e) But I may not have know that my car was going to

break down.f) This delay wouldn’t have happened at a worse

time.g) I may have to wait for hours for someone do come

and repair the car.h) I might leave my car here and take a taxi.

14. (Mód. 20 e 21) Complete usando:

couldn’t might have may not couldn’t havemay could

‘We (1) _______ have got everybody out of thebuilding. There (2) _______ be more peopletrapped inside. But they (3) couldn’t _______ stillbe alive in there. The heat’s too intense.’‘We (4) _______ got here sooner. We came assoon as we (5) _______.’‘I wonder what started the fire.’‘It (6) _______ been a gas leak. I smelt gas whenwe first arrived.’

15. (Mód. 20 e 21) Assinale a alternativa correta.

1) They’re so good that they _______ do this withoutlaughter.

a) can’tb) canc) mayd) should2) I _______ be a lazy student, but now I’m a very

responsible one.a) usedb) to usec) used tod) using3) Before Mara _______ arrangements to travel to

Paris she received an amazing letter from Dorival.a) mays makeb) must makec) could maked) may make4) My father is _______ a nap after meals.a) used to takingb) used to takec) uses to taked) used taking5) Sorry, it was my only choice. I simply _______ what

I did.a) did doneb) ought doc) had to dod) must do

58 ��

� ��

(From: Key Word)

59��

�� *��

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 22

��

�� Verb + a particle (ex. up, on, in, away)

Alguns phrasal verbs têm um significado literal.

Ex.: He heard a helicopter and looked up.

Alguns phrasal verbs têm um significado idiomático.

Ex.: She takes after her mother.

Alguns phrasal verbs têm o significado literal e o idiomático.

Ex.:

He saw the mouse and ran out.

Oil will run out in the next century.

Os phrasal verbs podem ser transitivos ou intransitivos, como outrosverbos.

Transitivo: tem um objeto.

He took off his jacket.

Intransitivo: não tem objeto.

The plane took off.

Os phrasal verbs podem ser separáveis ou inseparáveis.

Separáveis: objeto pode vir entre verbo e partícula.

Quando o objeto for um pronome, devemos separá-los.

She switched it on.

Inseparáveis: o verbo e a partícula não podem ser separados.

Could you look after the children this evening?

60 ��

�� 01. Quais destas frases são transitivas?

a) She really stands out from the rest.b) Just kick off your shoes and dance.c) I fell over in the street.d) We decided to set up a business together.e) Lindsay isn’t here. She’s just gone out.

02. Separe-os quando possível, corrigindo, se necessá-rio.

a) I’m looking for my glasses.b) I’m looking for them.c) They put off the meeting.d) They put off it.e) I think I’ll turn off the TV.

�� 1) To get on (to enter) – entrar

Ex.: I always get on the bus at 34th Street.

2) to get off (to leave) – sair

Ex.: Helen got off the bus at 42nd Street.

3) to get up (to arise) – levantar

Ex.: I get up at 7 o’clock every morning.

4) to get along (to do, succeed) – dar-se bem

Ex.: John is getting along very well in his study of English.

5) to get back (to return) – voltar

Ex.: Mr. Harris got back from Chicago yesterday.

6) to get over (to recover from) – recuperar-se

Ex.: It took me more than a month to get over my cold.

7) to get to (to arrive at a place) – chegar em

Ex.: I missed the bus and I didn’t get to the office until ten o’clock.

8) to get better, worse (to become better, worse...) – melhorar, piorar

Ex.: John has been sick for a month but now he is getting better.

9) to get sick, well, tired... (to become sick, ...) – ficar doente

Ex.: John got sick last January and has been in bed since then.

10) to get in touch with (to communicate with) – entrar em contato

Ex.: I have been trying all morning to get in touch with my teacher.

11) to get used to (to become used) – acostumar-se com

Ex.: You will soon get used to this climate and then the changes intemperature will not affect you.

12) to get rid of (to become free of) – ficar livre de

Ex.: We can’t seen to get rid of the mice in our apartment.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 22

61��

�� f) How is Mr. Holmes _______ in his new job?g) The man was so weak that the nurse was unable

to _______ him _______.h) When do you expect to _______ from your trip?i) I do not think he will ever _______ the loss of his

wife.j) This train _______ Chicago at 11 o’clock tonight.k) Is your headache _______ or _______?l) Every afternoon at about 4 o’ clock I _______.

03. Complete com o phrasal verb adequado.

a) It certainly took Mr. Smith a long time to _______that salesman.

b) I can’t seen to _______ wearing glasses.c) You can _______ him by telephone by calling the

hotel.d) William _______ the subway at the same station

every morning.e) I usually take the bus here and I _______ at Euston

Station.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 23�� 1) to put on (to place on oneself) – colocar

Ex.: Mary put on her scarf and left the room.

2) to take off (to remove) – remover / tirar

Ex.: John took off his hat as he entered the room.

3) to call up (to telephone) – telefonar

Ex.: I forgot to call up Mr. Jones yesterday, although I promised to callhim up exactly at 3 o’clock.

4) to turn on (to start) – ligar

Ex.: Please turn on the light. This room is dark.

5) to turn off (to stop) – desligar

Ex.: Shall I turn the oven off?

6) to pick up (to take – with fingers) – pegar

Ex.: I would have picked it up if I had noticed it.

7) to wait for (to expect) – esperar por

Ex.: We waited for him more than an hour and finally left.

8) to find out (to discover) – descobrir

Ex.: I’ll try to find it out.

9) to look at (to watch) – olhar para

Ex.: I like to walk along a country road and look at the stars at night.

10) to look for (to search for) – procurar por

Ex.: I have lost my gloves. Will you help me look for them?

11) to call on (to visit) – visitar

Ex.: Last night several friends called on us.

62 ��

12) to call off (to cancel) – cancelar

Ex.: The game was called off on account of darkness.

13) to look out (to be careful) – ter cuidado

Ex.: Look out for the cars turning in your direction.

14) to look over (to examine) – examinar

Ex.: I want to look over these exercises before I give them to the teacher.

15) to put out (to extinguish) – apagar

Ex.: You can put out your cigarette in that ashtray.

16) to put off (to post pone) – adiar

Ex.: The meeting was put off until next week.

17) to pick out (to choose) – escolher

Ex.: If you want me to treat you to a dessert, pick one out.

18) to talk over (to discuss) – discutir

Ex.: We talked over Carl’s plan.

19) to lie down (to recline) – deitar-se

Ex.: If you are tired, why don’t you lie down for an your?

20) to keep on (to continue) – continuar

Ex.: John kept on talking.

�� 04. Complete com o phrasal verb mais adequado.

a) _______ your hat _______ before you leave thehouse.

b) _________ your sweater _________ in this warmroom.

c) Did anyone _______ me _______ while I wasout?

d) Do you know who _______ the lights _______?e) Please _______ the light. We do not need it now.f) Why didn’t you _______ that pencil which lay on

the floor?g) We will _______ you on the corner of Broadway

and 86th Street.h) I was unable to _______ the name of the man

who called.i) The teacher told us to _______ the blackboard

and not at our books.j) He has spent an hour _______ the pen which he

lost.

k) How many salesmen _______ Mr. Evans everyday?

l) I want to _______ some new ties to give brotheras a present.

m) Before I accepted the new job offer, I _______ it_______ with my wife.

n) The doctor says that Grace must _______ andrest an hour every afternoon.

o) Why did the driver tell Mary to _______ as shewas getting off the bus?

p) At first the workers planned to strike, but later they_______ it _______.

q) He signed the contract without even _______ it_______.

r) The firemen worked hard but were not able to_______ the fire.

s) If Tom can’t come to the conference, let’s _______it _______.

63��

��

You should see a doctor.

You shouldn’t listen to music.

Affirmative ⇒ should + verbo

Negative ⇒ shouldn’t + verbo

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 24

�� 05. Faça frases usando should ou shouldn’t, dando conselhos.

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

64 ��

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

06. (Mód. 24) Complete as sentenças com should oushouldn’t.

a) ______________ (You / park) here. It’s notallowed.

b) What ______________ (I / cook) for dinner tonight?c) ______________ (You / wear) a coat. It’s cold

outside.d) ______________ (You / smoke) It’s bad for you.e) ______________ (We / arrive) at the airport two

hours before the flight.f) ______________ (I / pay) now or later?g) Do you think ______________ (I / apply) for this

job?h) What do you think ______________ (I / write) in

this space on the form?i) ______________ (I / eat) any more cake. I’ve

already eaten too much.j) This food is terrible. ______________ (we /

complain) to the manager.k) Which shirt do you think ______________ (I / buy)?

07. (Mód. 22 e 23) Substitua o phrasal verb por um verbosinônimo.

a) Mary gets up at seven. _______b) I had to call off that trip to the museum. _______c) As I started to cross the busy street a stranger

cried: Look out! _______d) Do I have to get all dolled up and go to that banquet?

_______

�� e) I looked up that word in my dictionary, but I couldn’t

find it. _______f) Last night we talked over our plans for next

summer. _______g) At first it was hard to quit smoking but later on I got

used to it. _______h) That rich man flew all his guests from New York to

Los Angeles and picked up the lab for everything._______

08. (Mód. 22 e 23) Construa frases com os seguintesphrasal verbs:

call of, call up, pick up, look for, look at, callon, put out, put off, get back, get off, get on.

09. (Mód. 22, 23 e 24) Construa frases com should oushouldn’t, utilizando os seguintes phrasal verbs: takeafter, take off, to get rid of, call up, to call off.

65��

Snow White and the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after in the Disney movie based on the fairytale – but not in real life.

(From: Key Word)

��

The truth about Snow White is no fairytale

Snow White was a real person! But unlikethe fairy tale, she didn’t live happily ever after –she was killed to stop her from marrying a king.

Even more horrifying, the dwarfs were reallychild slaves who were forced to work in coppermines.

German teacher Eckhard Sander uncoveredthe shocking truth behind the Grimm Brothers’fairy tale that became a popular Disney movie.

After four years of research, Sander learnedthat the model for Snow White was the GermanCountess Margarethe von Waldeck, a 16thcentury beauty from Bad Wildungen.

Like the fairy tale character, the Countesshad a wicked stepmother. But the stepmotherwasn’t the one who wanted her killed. The badguys were the Spanish secret police.

“Margarethe fell in love with King Philip II ofSpain and was poisoned by the secret policebecause they decided the marriage would be a

political disaster,” said Sander, who authored thebook “Snow White: Myth or Reality.”

And the dwarfs who rescued Snow White inthe fairy tale were based on real children – whoworked 12 hours a day in a mine owned byMargarethe’s brother in Bad Wildungen. “Thechildren grew bent and crippled because of thework, the terrible conditions and because theywere permanently undernourished,” said Sander.

“They went prematurely gray and rarely livedbeyond the age of 20.”

“As for the poisoned apple, I discovered thatBad Wildungen had a man who did know how topoison apples – or at least make them very bitter.”

“It appears that he handed them out tochildren to stop them from raiding his fruit trees.”

Over time, these details were told and retolduntil they became the fairy tale that we knowtoday, according to the researcher.

He concluded, “I don’t believe the GrimmBrothers had any idea of the real story.”

66 ��

��

67

�� $

Present Simple............................................................................................................ 69

Present Continuous ................................................................................................... 70

Present Simple × Present Continuous .................................................................... 71

Past Simple .................................................................................................................. 71

Past Continuous ......................................................................................................... 72

Simple Past × Past Continuous ................................................................................. 73

Present Perfect........................................................................................................... 74

Present Perfect × Simple Past .................................................................................. 74

Will × Going to ............................................................................................................. 75

Comparative (Compara-se um com um) ................................................................... 76

Superlative (Compara-se um com um monte) ......................................................... 77

Comparação Irregular ............................................................................................... 77


�� * �� Personality Adjectives ................................................................................................ 83


69��

) �� +��

�� – Usamos o Present Simple para falar de:

• Hábitos ou atividades regulares e situações

Ex.: They usually get up at 10 o’clock.

She likes wine.

• Verdades científicas

Ex.: Water boils at 100 oC.

– Auxiliar

• Do (questions) — don’t (negative) = I, you, we, they.

• Does (questions) — doesn’t (negative) = he, she, it

Ex.: She doesn’t smoke.

I don’t smoke.

Does she speak English?

Do they speak English?

Obs. – 3� pessoa do singular na forma afirmativa (he, she, it), acrescen-ta-se: S, ES, IES

��

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 25

1. Consulte a tabela, para completar as frases usandoo verbo speak.

a) Alain_______________________Spanish.He_____________________German or Arabic.

b) Marta and Anna __________________________French or German. But they _________________Spanish.

c) Ahmed________________________English orSpanish. He_______________French and Arabic.

2. Complete com o verbo entre parênteses.

a) Tom ______________________ (catch) the busto school at about 9 o’clock.

b) It often _____________________ (rain) at this timeof the year.

c) I _________________________ (not/drive) towork. I go by bus.

d) He ___________________________ (not/earn)much money in his job.

e) They _______________________ (go) to a lot ofconcerts.

70 ��

�� – Usamos o Present Continuous para falar de:

• Situações que estão ocorrendo no momento da fala.

Ex.: She is studying now.

• Situações que estão ocorrendo num período de tempo.

Ex.: Mike is building his own house.

• Situações futuras que já foram planejadas.

Ex.: We are traveling tomorrow.

– Auxiliar

Verbo to be ⇒ is/are/am

– Formação ⇒ VERBO TO BE + VERBO + ING(Presente)

Ex.: negativa: She isn’t studying now.

interrogativa: Is she studying now?

afirmativa: She is studying now.

�� 3. Complete as frases de acordo com as figuras, usan-

do o Present Continous.

a) b)

c) d)

e)

a) ____________________________(drink) a cupof coffee.

b) ____________________________(carry) theirsuitcase.

c) ____________________________(take) aphotograph.

d) ____________________________(sit) on abench.

e) ____________________________(write) a letter.

4. Escolha a melhor frase para completar as frases como Present Continous.

(sleep) in the sitting room at the moment.(do) a computer course this week.(not sleep) very well at the moment.(go) to work by bus this week.

a) A: You look tired.B: Yes, I’m ______________________________

b) A: Does Tim Sharp work with you?B: Yes, but he’s not here.He____________________________________

c) My brother has borrowed my car. That’s whyI____________________________________________.

d) The ceiling in our bedroom fell down sowe________________________________________________.

71��

�� +�� Ex.: Be quiet! The film is starting now.

�Present

Continuous

Verbo TO BE + VERBO + ING

Ex.: The film starts at 8 o’clock.�

PresentSimple

�� 5. Complete o cartão-postal com os verbos a seguir:

like sit have(2x) know seemstay be(2x) drink wish play belong

Dear Kate,We_______________ here on Skiathos and we’re_______________________ a marvellous time. We’re_______________ in a villa which ________________to a rich British businessman.We really __________________ Greek food. We already_____________________ several good restaurants nearthe harbour. We ____________________ lucky, becauseeverybody here ______________________ to be ableto speak English.At the moment I’m __________________ in a beachtaverna on Uromolimnos beach and I_________________ drinking an iced coffee. Mike’s________________ a swim and the children________________ playing volleyball.I___________________you were here with us.LoveEmma.

6. Faça a correspondência:

1) I smoke 20 cigarettes a day.2) Smoking damages your health.3) I’m smoking a lot nowadays.4) I’m smoking.5) I’m giving up smoking next week.

Present Continuousa) Present actionb) Present situation that may not be happening at

the moment of speaking.c) Future plan.Simple Presentd) Factse) Habits1 – 2 – 3 –4 – 5 –

7. Complete com os verbos entre parênteses usando oPresent Simple ou o Present Continuous.

Hello. ____________ (be) that the police?I___________________(ring) to complain about thenoise which _______________________ (come)from the flat above me.They___________________(have) a party andthey_________________________(play) music veryloudly. The man who____________(live)there_______________(have) a party every weekend.And every weekend I__________________(ask) himto turn the music down but he __________________(not take) any notice. And they____________________ (not leave) until 2 or 3 inthe morning. I _________________________ (notcomplain) very often. But tonight the noise is awfuland it ____________________(keep) me awake. Ohgood, you __________________ (send) a police carround. Where _________________________ (live)?Oh, 36 Philbeach Gardens, London W8.

�� – Usamos o Past Simple para falar de:

• Situações passadas

Ex.: The shops were closed.

• Situações que aconteceram no passado e terminaram num tempo definido.

Ex.: He died on Friday.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 26

72 ��

– Auxiliar

Did (questions) — didn’t (negative)

– Verbos regulares ⇒ ED

– Verbos irregulares ⇒ consultar lista de verbos.

Ex.: She had four children.

She didn’t have four children.

Did she have four children?

He danced with her all night long.

He didn’t dance with her all night long.

Did he dance with her all night long?

�� 8. Complete as frases com os verbos no Past Simple.

get on eat speak ride have sit

a) A Russian Woman, Feodor Vassiina (1707 – 1782)_______________________69 children.

b) In 1993 Steve-Meltzer of Brooklyn, New York,___________________ 96 sausages in 6 minutes.

c) In 1982-83 Timothy Roy ____________________in a tree in California for 431 days non-stop.

d) University lecturer Kapila Kumarasinghe_______________ non-stop about Buddhism for159 hours.

e) 16 people ___________________ the samebicycle and _____________________it for 50metres in Tokyo in 1979.

9. Faça perguntas para as respostas.

a) When ________________________________?I went in August.

b) Where _______________________________?I lived in Barcelona.

c) ____________________________________?Yes, I got a job as an English teacher.

d) How _________________________________?I found it through a friend.

e) Who _________________________________?I taught groups of teenagers.

f) ____________________________________?No, it wasn’t well paid.

��– Usamos o Past Continuous para falar de:

• Situações que estavam acontecendo num tempo certo do passado.

Ex.: At 8 yesterday evening I was having a drink with a friend.

I was doing the washing up when the phone rang.

– Auxiliar

Verbo to be ⇒ was/were

– Formação ⇒ VERBO TO BE + VERBO + ING(Passado)

Ex.: negativa: It wasn’t raining...

interrogativa: Was it raining...?

afirmativa: It was raining...

73��

�� 10. Complete as frases com Past Continous, utilizando a

tabela abaixo.

a) At 7:27_______________________________forthe bus.

b) At 7:40 he____________________________bybus to the city centre.

c) At 7:50 he_________________________for Andrea.d) At 8:10 they___________________________a

drink in a pub.e) At 9:00 they___________________________a film.f) At 10:40 they__________________________a pizza.

11. Complete com o Past Continous de acordo com a figura.

Ex.: George was reading a newspaper.a) Julie______________________a sandwich.b) Sue and Liz____________________table tennis.c) Frank_________________________a television.d) Caroline _______________________on the floor.e) Barbara__________________________ a letter.f) Rita_____________________________her hair.g) Alison______________________to some music.h) Ann____________________________a picture.

�� +��Ex.: I was having a bath when the telephone rang

�1 – Past

Continuous

�2 – Past

Simple

1 – estava ocorrendo

2 – ocorreu em tempo definido

�� 12. Use o Past Simple e o Past Continuous para montar

as frases a seguir.

a) (The police/ arrive/ while/ I/ have breakfast)b) (The storm/start/while/they/drive/home)c) (I/see/an accident/while/I/wait/for the bus)d) (My father/cook/the dinner/when/he/burn/his

finger)e) (The soldiers/prepare/to leave/when/the bomb/

explode)

13. Complete com Past Simple ou Past Continuous.

a) Beethoven_____________(write) nine symphonies;he ________________________ (write) anothersymphony when he died.

b) Last Saturday Tom wanted to make two salads.He_________________(make) the first one in fiveminutes. He____________________(make) thesecond one when his guests _______________(arrive), and they__________________(help) himto finish it.

c) Last month a bank robber ___________________(escape) while the police _________________(take) him to prison. Later they _______________(catch) him again, and this time they____________________ (lock) him up withoutany problem.

74 ��

�� – Usamos o Present Perfect para falar de:

• Situações que ocorreram no passado e não sabemos quando acon-teceram.

Ex.: Somebody has taken my bag.

• Situações que começaram no passado e continuam no presente (têmconexão com o presente)

Ex.: We’ve lived there for six years.

– Auxiliar: Have ⇒ I/you/we/they (‘ve)

Has ⇒ he/she/it (‘s)

Negativa: haven’t/hasn’t

FOR: durante ⇒ I have studied English for 2 years.

SINCE: desde ⇒ I have studied English since April.

JUST: acabar de ⇒ They have just arrived from London.

ALREADY: Já ⇒ They have already arrived.

Have they already arrived?

YET: Já, ainda ⇒ They haven’t arrived yet.

Have they arrived yet?

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 27

�� 14. Complete com since ou for.

a) We have lived there_____________two years.b) It has rained_______________three o’clock.c) I haven’t eaten any meat____________I was a boy.d) Nobody has written to me___________many weeks.

15. Complete com Present Perfect.

a) Karl ___________ just ________________ (arrive).b) I ___________________(wait) for you for 2 hours.c) He________________________(attract) me since

I was a girl.d) ___________ they already _______________ (buy)

their house?e) ____________ you _____________(paint) your

house yet?f) The children________________(sleep) yet.

�� %�� Ex.: Ann has broken her arm.

�PresentPerfect

Ann broke her arm last year.�

SimplePast

Quando usamos o Present Perfect, o tempo não é importante e sim aação, o tempo é indefinido e tem uma conexão com o presente.

Já o Simple Past indica que a ação já aconteceu e já terminou, o tempoé definido no passado.

Não usamos o Present Perfect para perguntar quando a situação ocorreu.

75��

�� 16. Complete com Present Perfect ou Past Simple.

a) Susan Cowley (1947-...) is an artist.She_______________________ (paint) in manydifferent styles and she_______________(have)exhibitions in 14 countries.

b) Timothy Spinks (1846-1927) was a biologist.He__________(study) the plants of New Zealand,and he______________________(write) severalbooks on biology.

c) Claire Fox (1957-...) is a doctor.She ____________________ (develop) newtreatments for several diseases, and she____________(make) several TV programmesabout medicine.

d) Catherine Knight (1824-1883) was a nurse.She________________(work) mainly withsoldiers, and she ________most of her life tryingto improve their lives.

17. Escolha a alternativa correta:

a) Paul (wrote/has written) his name in my book.b) When I was a boy, I (swam/have swum) in the river.c) We (spent/ have spent) all our money last night.

18. Complete o parágrafo sobre o metrô de Londres comPresent Perfect ou Past Simple.

London _________________ (have) an undergroundtrain system since the 19th Century. The LondonUnderground __________________ (start) in 1863,when Victorian engineers and workers_________________ (build) the Metropolitan railway.This railway line ________________ (go) fromPaddington Station to Farringdon Street Station, andsteam engines ______________ (pull) the coaches.Eight more lines _______________ (open) sincethen. The world’s f i rst underground electr icrailway _________________ (open) in 1890. Thisline ________________ (go) from the city of Londonto Stockwell in South London. The most modern lineis the Jubilee line, which ________________ (open)in 1977. Since the London Underground______________ (begin), many other cities such asNew York and Moscou __________________ (build)their own system.

$��+��– Usamos going to:

• Para falar de planos ou intenções.

Ex.: I need to buy some flour. I’m going to make a pizza tonight.

• Para falar de coisas que vão acontecer e você sabe disso ou você pode ver.

Ex.: Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.

– Formação: VERBO TO BE + GOING TO + VERBOPresentis / am / are��

– Usamos o will:

• Para falar de decisões instantâneas.

Ex.: I’m tired. I think I’ll go to bed. I’ll make the pizza tomorrow.

• Para falar de coisas que você acha que vão acontecer, mas não tem certeza disso.

Ex.: I want to play tennis tomorrow but it’ll probably rain.

– Formação: WILL + VERBO

Negativa: won’t / will not

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 28

76 ��

19. Complete com will ou going to.

a) Look out! We _______________________ crash!b) A: What do you want to eat?

B: I________________have a cheese sandwich,please.

c) In the year 2030, everyone _____________ studyat home using computers.

d) I’m starting a new language course next week.I___________________learn Swedish.

e) A: My radio’s broken.B: Well, I ______________buy you a new one then.

20. Complete com going to, usando o quadro e as figuras.

�� Ex.: He’s going to eat his meal.1) The plane _____________________________.2) She ___________________________ a picture.3) He _________________________ into the water.4) She __________________________ on the door.5) He _____________________________ the ball.

21. Faça frases usando will.

a) Sit down. (I/make/you a cup of coffee)b) A: It’s time for me to go home.

B: (I/give/you a lift)c) (I/phone/you tonight, I promise)d) A: Oh no, it’s raining and I must go to the shops.

B: That’s okay. (I/ lend/you my umbrella)

22. Complete usando will ou going to.

a) A: It’s rather hot in here, isn’t it?B: Yes, you’re right.__________________(I / open)the window.

b) A: Are you going to watch TV tonight?B: Yes,_________________(I/watch) my favouriteprogramme at 9 o’clock.

c) A: What__________________________(you/eat)tonight? What food have you bought?B: I haven’t bought any food.A: Well, why don’t you come to my house?___________________ (I/cook) us somethingnice to eat.

d) A:_________________________(I/ leave) worklate tomorrow. There is a meeting at 6 p.m.B:Oh, I didn’t know that. Well, ________________(I/see) you after the meeting.

e) _______________________(I/phone) Tom at 6o’clock. I promised to phone him this evening.

�� ,� ��– Comparativo de igualdade

Frases afirmativas: as + adjective + as

Frases negativas: not so + adjective + as

Ex.: Shirley is as tall as Tom.

Shirley is not so tall as Bob.

– Comparativo de inferioridade

Less + adjective + than

Ex.: Shirley is less tall than Bob.

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 29

77��

– Comparativo de superioridade

Short adjectives – adjective + er + than

Long adjectives – more + adjective + than

Ex.: Helen is more intelligent than Bob.

Helen is taller than Bob.

�� ,� ��– Superlativo de inferioridade

The least + adjetivo

Ex.: Fred is the least tall in our class.

– Superlativo de superioridade

Short adjectives – the + adjective + est

Long adjectives: the most + adjective

Ex.: Sylvia is the most intelligent girl I know.

Sylvia is the tallest girl in the class.

�� !

Regras

– Palavras terminadas em consoante/ vogal/ consoante dobram a últi-ma consoante antes de receber er ou est.

Ex.: hot — hotter — the hottest

big — bigger — the biggest

– Palavras terminadas em e recebem apenas r e st.

Ex.: large — larger — the largest

– Palavras terminadas em y precedido de consoante trocam o y por iao receber er e est.

Ex.: happy — happier — the happiest

ugly — uglier — the ugliest

78 ��

�� 23. Complete o quadro:

cold – colder – _______________warm – _______________ – _______________fast – _______________ – _______________nice – _______________ – _______________fine – _______________ – _______________blue – _______________ – _______________hot – _______________ – _______________wet – _______________ – _______________big – _______________ – _______________sunny – _______________ – _______________dry – _______________ – _______________heavy – _______________ – _______________dangerous – ___________ – _______________comfortable – ___________ – _______________interesting – ___________ – _______________good – _______________ – _______________bad – _______________ – _______________far – _______________ – _______________exciting _______________ – _______________important – ____________ – _______________intelligent – ____________ – _______________

24. Compare o Sam e a Judy usando: taller than, shorterthan, younger than, older than, darker than, fairer than.

Name: Sam WillisAge: 15 years 4 monthsHeight: 1,71 mHair: blond

Name: Judy BondAge: 15 years 6 monthsHeight: 1,65 mHair: light brown

25. Agora faça comparações entre você, a Judy e o Sam.

Ex.: I am taller than Judy but Sam is the tallest.

��"��"��

A monster storm with 150-mile- (241-kilometer-) an-hour winds churns west across the AtlanticOcean. Scientists at the National Hurricane Center in Miami have tracked it for days using satelliteimages. Now they’re worried it may threaten the United States. It’s time for the “hurricane hunters” togo to work!

All ships and airplanes have been warned away from this monster. But two four-engine airplanes,each carrying a flight crew and several scientists, now head toward the storm. Their mission? Tocollect data inside the hurricane that will tell meteorologists where the storm is going, when it will getthere, and how violent it will be.

The planes – nicknamed Kermit and Miss Piggy – take off from Florida and the Caribbean.They fly east over the Atlantic into skies that grow increasingly dark and stormy. Suddenly theydisappear inside the clouds – one plane fairly close to the sea surface, and the other muchhigher in the system.

As the planes struggle toward the eye, the pilots fight intense updrafts and downdrafts. Thehurricane pelts the planes with rain and hail. Static electricity builds up and then discharges with aflash and a loud bang, causing the crew’s hair to literally stand on end.

� ��

79��

“About the last 15 to 20 miles (24 to 32 kilometers) we get into the eye wall,” says Greg Bast, aflight engineer, whose job it is to keep the plane’s systems operating properly. “That’s where we getbanged around a lot.”

“It’s like you’re on a roller coaster going down, and then getting shot back up again,” adds PhilipKenul, a pilot. “You just have to make sure that when you drop, you don’t run out of air and hit theocean!”

Fonte: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngkids/0308/hurricane/index.html

�� 26. Complete com Present Continuous ou Present

Simple.

a) I___________________ (leave) home at 7 o’clockevery morning.

b) She usually____________________ (work) in theSales Depart ment in London, but at the momentshe________________________ (do) a trainingcourse in Bristol.

c) Linda __________________(wash) her hair everyday.

d) He____________________(try) very hard in verygame that he__________________(play).

e) Excuse me. I think that you __________________(sit) in my seat.

f) _________________________ (you/ listen) to theradio very often?

g) Don’t talk to me now. I _________________(write)an important letter.

h) Why______________________________(they/drive) on the left in Britain?

i) It_________________________ (not/get) darkat this time of the year until about 10 o’clock.

27. Faça frases usando o Past Simple.

a) When/you/leave/the party?

b) When/you/finish/your exams?

c) I/wait/for an hour/but he/not/phone.

d) You/watch/the news on TV last night?

e) Mark/stop/smoking last month, and he/ start/playing tennis again last week.

f) He/ask/me a question, but I/ not/know/the answer.

g) I/live/there for a few years,but I/ not like/the place.

h) She/come/to my house yesterday, but she/not stay.

i) What/you/say?/I/not/hear/you.

Módulo 25 Módulo 26

80 ��

28. Utilizando o quadro, complete com Simple Past ouPast Continuous.

Shirley1970-76 — lived in New York1973-76 — studied at university1976 — left university1976-80 — worked as a translator1979 — met Kevin1982 — married Kevin

Kevin1972-80 — lived in Washington1973-75 — did a course in Computing1975-80 — worked as a computer operator1979 — met Shirley1980-85 — ran his own company1982 — married Shirley

a) In 1972 Shirley__________________in New York.b) In 1974 Kevin________________in Washington.c) In 1974 Shirley ___________________________

at university.d) In 1974 Kevin ____________________________

a course in Computing.e) When Shirley ____________________________

university in 1976, Kevin ____________________as a computer operator.

f) When Kevin________________________Shirley,she ________________________as a translator.

g) While Shirley_________________________as atranslator she_______________________Kevin.

h) In 1982 Kevin________________his own company.i) While he ______________________ his own

company, Kevin ____________________ Shirley.

29. Escolha o correto para completar o diálogo.

Sarah: Have you ever been/ Did you ever go/ to theUnited States?Jun: Yes, (I’ve been/ I went) to California last year.Sarah: (Have you liked/ Did you like) it?Jim: Yes (I’ve enjoyed/ I enjoyed) the trip a lot.Sarah: What (have you done/did you) do there?Jun: (I’ve visited/ I visited) Hollywood, Disneyland andSan Francisco. (Have you been/ Did you go) toCalifornia, Sarah?Sarah: No, but (I’ve booked/ I booked) a holiday there.I’ve got my ticket and I’m going next week!

30. Complete com Present Perfect ou Past Simple.

a) A: I______________(see) Jack last night.B: Oh, really. I _____________________ (not/see)him for months. How is he?

b) A: We_______________________(go) to thetheatre last Saturday.B: _____________________(you/enjoy) the play?A: Yes, it_____________________(be) very good.

c) A: _________________________(you/ever/win)a competition?B: Yes, I_________________________(win) aphotographic competition in 1992.

31. Neil está indo em férias para a Espanha. Ele levaráestes objetos. Escreva frases usando going to.

Visit write hire play sunbathe swim go snorkellingread take

Ex.: He’s going to swim.a) _____________________________________b) _____________________________________c) _____________________________________d) _____________________________________e) _____________________________________f) _____________________________________g) _____________________________________h) _____________________________________

32. Complete com will ou going to os diálogos.

a) A: Red or White Wine?B: I (have)____________________red please.

b) A: It’s very hot in here.B: I (open)______________________the window.

c) A: I’m tired. I (sit) _____________________ down.B: I (come)_________________________and sitnext to you.

d) A: The phone’s ringing.B: Don’t worry. I (answer) _________________ it.

e) A: Why do you need the phone?B: Because I (phone) ______________________for a taxi.A: Don’t bother. I (give) ____________________you a lift.

f) A: I (leave)______________________now.B: OK. I (ring)__________________________youtomorrow.

81��

33. Complete com am/is/are going to.

a) I keep sneezing.I_________________________(get) a bad cold.

b) Some of my friends _______________________(have) a party next week.

c) I__________________________(play) tennisthis afternoon. I’ve booked a court.

d) We_____________________(move) to a differentarea of the town because we don’t like this area.

e) Anna___________________________(look) fora different job. She wants to do something moreinteresting.

f) They said on the radio that it _________________(rain) this afternoon.

34. Utilizando o quadro, faça frases no superlativo sobrea família Tucker.

Ex.: Marion is the oldest.a) (young)b) (tall)c) (short)

d) (heavy)e) (light)

35. Complete com o superlativo ou o comparativo.

a) For me (annoying) ________________________thing is sitting next to some one with a personalstereo on a train. And then, and this is even(annoying) ____________________________,they move their head in time with the music.

b) For me (bad) ____________________________thing is walking along the street with a boy who’sconstantly looking at his reflection in shop windowsbecause he thinks he’s (good-looking)________________________ person in the world.

c) (Irritanting) _________________________ thingis when I’m trying to sleep and there’s a mosquitoin the room which is getting (near)______________ and (near) ________________but I can never find it.

d) Nothing makes me (angry) _________________than waiting on the phone, listening to recordedmusic and trying to decide whether to wait (long)_____________________ or put the phone down.

36. Faça frases comparativas e superlativas entre vocêe os membros da sua família. Use tall, beautiful,young, old, fat, nice.

82 ��

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83��

� ��* �� Separe os seguintes adjetivos no quadro abaixo:

considerate, competitive, talkative, practical, traditional, reserved, serious,trusting, tough, hard-headed, stable, warm, lonely, depressed, calculating, sad,guilty, co-operative, outgoing, optimistic, emotional, sceptical, good-natured,quiet, calm, cold, shy, nervous, curious, sociable.

Esses adjetivos são usados para descrever a personalidade das pesso-as. Eles podem ter um sentido positivo, negativo ou ter significado duplo.

Ex.: I am a pretty nervous person.

I am a curious person.

Obs.: Ser curioso pode ter duplo significado.

Utilize o dicionário quando necessário.

� ��, ��

_____/ _____/ _____

Módulo 30

�� 1. Utilizando os adjetivos da teoria, faça uma lista dos

que têm o mesmo significado.

2. Utilizando os adjetivos da teoria, faça uma lista dosque são opostos.

3. Leia o texto:

Steve was 11 years old and his brother Tim was 7.Both of them went to the same school, and both ofthem liked sports and games very much. They alsoliked fighting, but their mother wasn’t happy when they

had fights with other boys.A few days ago, Tim ran into the house and went up tohis bedroom. His brother was there too, listening totheir record player. He looked up when Tim came inand said. “Why are you crying, Tim?”“Because Harry hit me”, his younger brother said.Harry was one of the boys at school, and they oftenhad fights with each other.Steve laughed and said, “Did you hit him back, or didyou cry like a baby and run home to mommy?”“I hit him back!”. Tim answered angrily. “I hit him backfirst, and then he hit me.”

84 ��

4. Responda de acordo com o texto.

a) What were the three things did Steve and Tim like?b) When wasn’t their mother happy?c) Why was Tim crying when he came into the

bedroom?d) Who was Harry?e) What did Steve ask him?f) What did Tim answer?

5. True or false?

a) Steve liked fighting, but Tim didn’t. (_______)b) Tim liked fighting, but Steve didn’t.(_______)c) The boys’mother liked fights.(_______)d) First Harry hit Tim, and then Tim hit Harry.(_______)e) Tim cried and ran home to his mother.(_______)f) Steve and Tim liked fighting.(_______)

6. Escreva uma história substituindo as figuras por pa-lavras.

� �� # �� $�� "You’ve got a problem. You’re going to go to

university in a different town and you needsomewhere to live. Or perhaps you just don’t geton with your parents. What can you do? Haveyou ever thought of sharing a flat?

I know about it because I’ve been sharing flatsfor the past four years, since I moved to Edinburghto study. I must admit my first experience was abit of a disaster. I saw an advert in the newspaperfrom a girl who had a flat and was looking for aflatmate. Whem I met her, she seemed really nice,and I noticed that she had lots of great CDs wantedto hear and a big TV. Homever, I changed my mindabout her a few days after moved in. I came homefrom college one day and threw my books andjacket onto the living room sofa. My flatmarelooked at them, looked at me and shouted: ‘I hopeyou’re not going to leave those there!’It was thenfound out that she was absolutely obsessive aboutbeing tidy. It was obvious that we wereincompatible, as I’m definitely not the world’stidiest person. I moved out after the first month.

I then decided to try sharing a house withseveral people. I rented a room in a big old house

which I shared with four other girls (two Brazilians,a Russian, and an Italian). It was great bcausethe house was always full of young people fromall over the world and we had lots of parties.However, there were three problems. Firstly, it wasalmost impossible to do any work because thehouse was so noisy. Secondly, there was onlyone bathroom, and there was always someonein it, especially first thing in the morning when Iwas already late for class. But the biggestarguments we had were always the day the phonebill arrived!

After a year the foreign girls went home, and Idecided to look for a new, preferably quieter flat! Thistime I decided to share with a friend, somebodyalready knew well. We’re been living here now fornearly a year and we get on really well-except forher irritating habits of eating my yoghrurts andfinishing the coffee! But it’s great havind someoneelse to help pay the rent, to share their dinnerwith you when you’re too exhausted to cook, andwho, unlike your parents or your partner, doesn’tmind what you get up or if you’ve left your bedroomin a mess. And best of all, when you’re had a badday or you’re broken up with your boyfriend you knowthere’s always someone to t alk to.

FROM: ENGLISH FILE

85��

�� 7. Relacione o adjetivo com a descrição.

Someone who:a) likes to be with other people:________________b) talks a lot:_____________________c) is easily embarrassed:____________________d) doesn’t get excited easily:___________________e) always expects the best:____________________f) worries a lot:__________________________g) doesn’t trust people:______________________h) always likes to win:_______________________i) likes to work with other people:_______________j) is very unhappy:__________________________

08. Faça frases sobre sua família e amigos utilizando osseguintes adjetivos: nervous, practical, sad, curious,calm, outgoing, trusting.

86 ��

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8ª série • 95

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96 • Sistema COC de Ensino

�� 8. a) very hot

b) warmc) coldd) cold

9. a) She spoke to the man who was standingnext to her.b) I read the letters which came in themorning post.c) He likes the other people who work in hisoffice.d) She’s that singer who was on televisionlast night.e) Next week there is a festival whichhappens in the village every summer.f) I paid the bills which came yesterday.

10. A: which – whichB: whoA: who – which – who – which – who

11. a) We ate the sandwiches which / that Jackmade.b) I’m doing some work which / that I haveto finish today.c) She’s an old woman that / who I often seewhen I go to the shops.d) He’s an actor that / who a lot of peoplelike.e) It’s a magazine that / which I readsometimes.

12. a) The bus which goes to the airport leavesevery 20 minutes.b) The picture which was hanging near thedoor was terrible.c) The instructor who taught me how todrive was very patient.d) The girl who was sitting next to mestarted talking to me.

13. a) which we attended yesterdayb) who tells funny storiesc) who loved horse racesd) which is very common in Indiae) who lives next door to usf) who greets me

14. 1 – a2 – d3 – c4 – a5 – a

Módulo 18

1. a; e; f; h2. a) which

b) whoc) whod) which

3. a) I saw a road accident today, which reallyupset me.b) He hit an old woman who was crossingthe road.c) I took care of the old woman, who wasstill breathing.d) But she died in the ambulance which wastaking her to hospital.

4. a) where I stayedb) where I had breakfastc) this is the taverna where we ate in the eveningd) this is the beach where I spent most ofmy timee) this is the night club where I met Angelo

5. a) whose boot is probably full of wineb) whose jacket we found in the storec) whose fingerprints are on the door of thesafed) whose gloves we found near the storeentrance

Módulo 19

6. a) It’s fairy and the temperature is sixteendegrees.b) It’s sunny and the temperature is twentysix degrees.c) It’s rainy and the temperature is ninedegrees.d) It’s thundery and the temperature is eightdegrees.e) It’s cloudy and the temperature is twodegrees.f) It’s snowy and the temperature is minusnine degrees.g) It’s foggy and the temperature is sevendegrees.

7. 30° - hot20° - warm10° - cool5° - cold0° - freezing

Sistema COC de Ensino • 97

15. (A) –(B) what

(A) –(B) what –

(A) –(B) what, what, that

16. a) She is not the kind of person whosebehavior could be considered reasonable.b) What’s the name of the man whosedaughter was taken to hospital?c) We happen to know the experts whosemain occupations are buying and sellingbooks.d) That’s the tree whose branches are fallingdown.

17. 1 – d2 – e3 – c4 – a

18. a) The woman whose baby is sleeping is acareful mother.b) The man whose wife has run away is verysad.c) The dog whose hair is black and white isJohn’s.d) Mr. Ford, whose daughter is called Helen,is here.e) That man whose hair is black is mybrother.

19. a) whomb) whichc) whosed) whoe) that / -

Módulo 20

1. a) May I drive your car?a) May I ask you a question?b) May I help you?c) May I call you in the morning?d) May I have lunch earlier?

2. a) He can speak English.a) We can have a good time here.b) I can walk to school in the morning.c) She can write beautiful letters.d) My friends can play tennis.

3. a) He was able to read that letter yesterday.b) He will be able to come today.c) He will be able to travel next year.d) He wasn’t able to drive the car last night.

4. a) I have to read that book today.b) He will have to travel next month.c) We had to go home by car yesterday.d) She has to work in the morning.

5. a) You ought to make a cake.b) You ought to cook dinner.c) You ought to clean the room.d) You ought to walk the dog.e) You ought to get up early.

6. a) You should talk to him.b) You should help her.c) You should go to a doctor.d) You should stay here.e) You should drink water.

7. a) oughtb) needc) a need ford) should be sleepinge) needn’tf) should have boughtg) ought to have taken

8. a) She might have told me the truth.b) You can’t be talking seriously.c) She couldn’t have left me alone andwithout any help.d) You might not have revealed / might not berevealing your secrets in a loud voice.e) Can she be lying?

9. a) may / couldb) may notc) could – might haved) couldn’te) may have / might have

10. a) must not park her car hereb) could cover expenses like these onesc) won’t be allowed to join our team

11. a) canb) will havec) has tod) don’t havee) be ablef) must

12. 1 – b2 – a3 – b4 – a5 – b6 – c7 – a8 – c9 – a

98 • Sistema COC de Ensino

13. a) can’tb) couldn’tc) -d) coulde) couldf) couldn’tg) -h) -

14. (1) may not(2) may / could(3) couldn’t(4) couldn’t have(5) could(6) might have

15. 1 – a2 – b3 – c4 – a5 – c

Módulo 22

1. a) Ib)Tc) Id)Te) I

2. a)b)c) They put the meeting offd) They put it offe)I think I’ll turnthe TV off

3. a) get rid ofb) get used toc) get in touch withd) gets one) get offf) getting alongg) get – uph) get backi) get overj) gets tok) get better – worsel) get tired

4. a) Put – onb) take – offc) call - upd) turn - one) turn offf) pick upg) wait forh) find out

i) look atj) looking fork) call onl) pick outm) talked – overn) lie downo) look outp) called - offq) looking - overr) put outs) put off

5. (pessoal)6. a) You shouldn’t park

b) should I cookc) You should weard) You shouldn’t smokee) We should arrivef) Should I payg) I should applyh) I should writei) I shouldn’t eatj) We should complaink) I should buy

7. Student’s own answers8. Student’s own answers9. Student’s own answers

8ª série • 99

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conteúdo 9° ano - inglês

Education