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BIBFRAME: PANORAMA DE INICIATIVAS EM BIBLIOTECAS
Ana Carolina Simionato Arakaki (UFSCar - [email protected])
Morgana Carneiro Andrade (UFES - [email protected])
Felipe Augusto Arakaki (IFSP/UNB - [email protected])
Paula Regina Ventura Amorim Gonçalez (UFES - [email protected])
Palavras-chave: BIBFRAME. Linked Data em bibliotecas. Bibliotecas. Catalogação.
Introdução
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Centros de informação e novas práticas descritivas e
tecnológicas
Coleções + visíveis e recuperáveis
Estrutura monolítica
Legível por máquina
Dados “fechados”
MARC21
AACR2r
Estrutura modular e flexível
Legível na Web Semântica
Dados abertos e ligados
FRBR -> BIBFRAME
RDA
Uma dessas iniciativas é o Bibliographic Framework (BIBFRAME), modelo de dados
ligados (Linked Data) para dados bibliográficos, desenvolvido para suprir deficiências
do padrão MARC 21 no ambiente digital (LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 2012).
Entre os fatores que levam à adoção do LD pelas bibliotecas estão:
• a necessidade de publicar LD para reutilização em projetos futuros;
• a potencialização da interoperabilidade e reuso de dados;
• a adoção do BIBFRAME e Schema.org;
• o fornecimento de dados estáveis, dados integrados e normalizados produzidos
pelas instituições (SMITH-YOSHIMURA, 2018);
• a otimização da descoberta e o reúso dos recursos e dos seus metadados em
acesso aberto (MITCHELL, 2016).
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Objetivo
Apresentar iniciativas e projetos de adoção
do BIBFRAME em bibliotecas.
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Procedimentos metodológicos
Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória que identificou as iniciativas de implementação
do BIBFRAME em seus acervos.
Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas nas bases de dados
• Scopus
• Web Science
• Portal de periódicos da CAPES
• BRAPCI
• motor de busca Google Acadêmico
Termos: “BIBFRAME” e “Linked Data” relacionados com “biblioteca”
Período da coleta: novembro de 2018 e janeiro de 2019.
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Diante das novas perspectivas para descrição bibliográficas apresentadas pelos
modelos conceituais da família FR:
• Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records - FRBR;
• Functional Requirements for Authority Data - FRAD;
• Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data - FRSAD
Podem ser citadas o desenvolvimento de novas instruções para catalogação :
• Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2r)
• International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBDs)
• Resource Description and Access (RDA),
• Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC21)
• Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME)
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Breve histórico
Breve histórico
O BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework Iniciative) é uma iniciativa iniciada em 2012 pela Library of Congress (EUA) de fornecer uma base para descrição bibliográfica na Web, modelo com duas classes principais, Work (Obra) e Instance (Instância).
“Além de ser um substituto para o MARC, o BIBFRAME serve como um modelo geral para expressar e conectar dados bibliográficos.” (LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 2015?)
Em 2016, foi publicado o BIBFRAME 2.0, ampliando as entidades primárias para 3 (Obra, Instância e Item).
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BIBFRAME 1.0 e 2.0
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Arakaki et al. (2017)
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Arakaki et al. (2017)
Desde a sua ampliação, há diversas iniciativas com testes de implementação do BIBFRAME, relatados por:
• Agenjo-Bullón e Hernández-Carrascal (2018) • Hansen e Crowe (2015)• Library of Congress (2018) • Mitchell (2016)• Thompson et al. (2016) • Smith-Yoshimura (2018)
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26 InstituiçõesUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Library
Ex Libris, AlmaReasonable Graph
@CULTLibrary of the Hungarian National Museum
Colorado CollegeUnited States Army Corps of Engineers Research and Development Center Library
Stanford UniversityGerman National Library
University College London Department of Information StudiesLibrary of Alexandria
Music Library Association (MLA)The National Library of Medicine (NLM)
Columbia University LibrariesPrinceton University Library
Cornell University LibraryBiblioteca Nacional de Cuba “José Martí” (BNJM)
Library of CongressHarvard University
Arapahoe Library DistrictNational Library of Finland
MokkaUpLibris XL
George Washington University LibraryAndrew W. Mellon Foundation
University of Cincinnati
• Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba “José Martí” (BNJM) - Retrospective conversion using BIBFRAME
• Colorado College - Application: TIGER Web Catalog & Flask-BIBFRAME Extension
• German National Library - Application: BIBFRAME prototype in DNB OPAC
• Princeton University Library - Application: NjP BIBFRAME Analysis
• The National Library of Medicine Description: BIBRAME Experimentation Plans
• Music Library Association (MLA)• Library of Alexandria• University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library• University College London: Linked Open Bibliographic Data
Project
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13
14
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Registro MARC21
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<bf:Source rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/organizations/dlc" ><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Agent" /><rdfs:label >DLC</rdfs:label>
</bf:Source></bf:source><bf:source >
<bf:Source rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/organizations/dlc" ><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Agent" /><rdfs:label >DLC</rdfs:label>
</bf:Source></bf:source><bf:descriptionModifier >
<bf:Agent rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/organizations/dlc" ><rdfs:label >DLC</rdfs:label>
</bf:Agent></bf:descriptionModifier>
</bf:AdminMetadata></bf:adminMetadata>
15
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Text" /><bf:language >
<bf:Language rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/languages/eng" /></bf:language><bf:genreForm >
<bf:GenreForm rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/genreForms/gf2014026339" ><rdfs:label >fiction</rdfs:label>
</bf:GenreForm></bf:genreForm><bf:note >
<bf:Note ><rdfs:label >Includes translation</rdfs:label>
</bf:Note></bf:note><bf:language >
<bf:Language ><rdf:value rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/languages/eng" />
</bf:Language></bf:language><bf:language >
<bf:Language ><bf:part >original</bf:part><rdf:value rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/languages/por" />
</bf:Language></bf:language><bf:classification >
<bf:ClassificationLcc ><bf:source >
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</bf:ClassificationLcc></bf:classification><bf:contribution >
<bf:Contribution ><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bflc/PrimaryContribution" /><bf:agent >
<bf:Agent rdf:about="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Agent100-14" ><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Person" /><bflc:name00MatchKey >Amado, Jorge, 1912-2001.</bflc:name00MatchKey><bflc:primaryContributorName00MatchKey >Amado, Jorge, 1912-2001.</bflc:primaryContributorName00MatchKey><bflc:name00MarcKey >1001 $aAmado, Jorge,$d1912-2001.</bflc:name00MarcKey><rdfs:label >Amado, Jorge, 1912-2001.</rdfs:label>
</bf:Agent></bf:agent><bf:role >
<bf:Role rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/ctb" /></bf:role>
</bf:Contribution></bf:contribution>
Registro BIBFRAME/RDF/XML
<rdfs:label >Gabriela, cravo e canela. English</rdfs:label><bf:title >
<bf:Title ><bflc:title40MatchKey >Gabriela, cravo e canela. English</bflc:title40MatchKey><bflc:title40MarcKey >24010$aGabriela, cravo e canela.$lEnglish</bflc:title40MarcKey><rdfs:label >Gabriela, cravo e canela. English</rdfs:label><bflc:titleSortKey >Gabriela, cravo e canela. English</bflc:titleSortKey><bf:mainTitle >Gabriela, cravo e canela</bf:mainTitle>
</bf:Title></bf:title><bf:language >
<bf:Language ><rdfs:label >English</rdfs:label>
</bf:Language></bf:language><bf:translationOf >
<bf:Work rdf:about="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Work240-15" ><rdfs:label >Gabriela, cravo e canela.</rdfs:label><bf:title >
<bf:Title ><bflc:title40MatchKey >Gabriela, cravo e canela.</bflc:title40MatchKey><bflc:title40MarcKey >24010$aGabriela, cravo e canela.$lEnglish</bflc:title40MarcKey><rdfs:label >Gabriela, cravo e canela.</rdfs:label><bflc:titleSortKey >Gabriela, cravo e canela.</bflc:titleSortKey><bf:mainTitle >Gabriela, cravo e canela</bf:mainTitle>
</bf:Title></bf:title><bf:language rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/languages/por" />
</bf:Work></bf:translationOf><bf:subject >
<bf:Place rdf:about="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Place651-20" ><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#ComplexSubject" /><rdfs:label >Brazil--Fiction.</rdfs:label><madsrdf:authoritativeLabel >Brazil--Fiction.</madsrdf:authoritativeLabel><madsrdf:isMemberOfMADSScheme rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects" /><madsrdf:componentList rdf:parseType="Collection" >
<madsrdf:Geographic ><madsrdf:authoritativeLabel >Brazil</madsrdf:authoritativeLabel>
</madsrdf:Geographic><madsrdf:Topic >
<madsrdf:authoritativeLabel >Fiction</madsrdf:authoritativeLabel></madsrdf:Topic>
</madsrdf:componentList><bf:source >
<bf:Source ><bf:code >lcsh</bf:code>
</bf:Source></bf:source>
</bf:Place></bf:subject><bf:contribution >
<bf:Contribution ><bf:agent >
16
<bf:Agent rdf:about="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Agent700-21" ><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Person" /><bflc:name00MatchKey >Taylor, James L. (James Lumpkin), 1892-</bflc:name00MatchKey><bflc:name00MarcKey >7001 $aTaylor, James L.$q(James Lumpkin),$d1892-</bflc:name00MarcKey><rdfs:label >Taylor, James L. (James Lumpkin), 1892-</rdfs:label>
</bf:Agent></bf:agent><bf:role >
<bf:Role rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/ctb" /></bf:role>
</bf:Contribution></bf:contribution><bf:contribution >
<bf:Contribution ><bf:agent >
<bf:Agent rdf:about="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Agent700-22" ><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Person" /><bflc:name00MatchKey >Grossman, William L.</bflc:name00MatchKey><bflc:name00MarcKey >7001 $aGrossman, William L.</bflc:name00MarcKey><rdfs:label >Grossman, William L.</rdfs:label>
</bf:Agent></bf:agent><bf:role >
<bf:Role rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/ctb" /></bf:role>
</bf:Contribution></bf:contribution><bf:hasInstance >
<bf:Instance rdf:about="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Instance856-25" ><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Electronic" /><bf:title >
<bf:Title ><rdfs:label >Gabriela, clove and cinnamon /</rdfs:label><bflc:titleSortKey >Gabriela, clove and cinnamon /</bflc:titleSortKey><bf:mainTitle >Gabriela, clove and cinnamon</bf:mainTitle>
</bf:Title></bf:title><bf:hasItem >
<bf:Item rdf:about="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Item856-25" ><bf:electronicLocator >
<rdfs:Resource ><bflc:locatorrdf:resource="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0624/2006284811-s.html"/><bf:note >
<bf:Note ><rdfs:label >Sample text</rdfs:label>
</bf:Note></bf:note>
</rdfs:Resource></bf:electronicLocator><bf:itemOf rdf:resource="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Instance856-25" />
</bf:Item></bf:hasItem><bf:instanceOf rdf:resource="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Work" />
</bf:Instance></bf:hasInstance><bf:hasInstance rdf:resource="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Instance" />
</bf:Work>
17
<bf:provisionActivityStatement >New York : Vintage International, 2006.</bf:provisionActivityStatement><bf:extent >
<bf:Extent ><rdfs:label >viii, 425 p.</rdfs:label>
</bf:Extent></bf:extent><bf:dimensions >21 cm.</bf:dimensions><bf:supplementaryContent >
<rdfs:Resource ><bflc:locator rdf:resource="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0624/2006284811-b.html"/><bf:note >
<bf:Note ><rdfs:label >Contributor biographical information</rdfs:label>
</bf:Note></bf:note>
</rdfs:Resource></bf:supplementaryContent><bf:supplementaryContent >
<rdfs:Resource ><bflc:locator rdf:resource="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0624/2006284811-d.html"/><bf:note >
<bf:Note ><rdfs:label >Publisher description</rdfs:label>
</bf:Note></bf:note>
</rdfs:Resource></bf:supplementaryContent><bf:instanceOf rdf:resource="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Work" /><bf:hasItem >
<bf:Item rdf:about="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Item050-13" ><bf:shelfMark >
<bf:ShelfMarkLcc ><rdfs:label >PQ9697.A647 G313 2006</rdfs:label><bf:source >
<bf:Source rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/organizations/dlc" /></bf:source>
</bf:ShelfMarkLcc></bf:shelfMark><bf:itemOf rdf:resource="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Instance" />
</bf:Item></bf:hasItem>
</bf:Instance></rdf:RDF>
<bf:Instance rdf:about="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Instance" ><bf:issuance >
<bf:Issuance rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/issuance/mono" /></bf:issuance><bf:provisionActivity >
<bf:ProvisionActivity ><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Publication" /><bf:date rdf:datatype="http://id.loc.gov/datatypes/edtf" >2006</bf:date><bf:place >
<bf:Place rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/countries/nyu" /></bf:place>
</bf:ProvisionActivity></bf:provisionActivity><bf:identifiedBy >
<bf:Lccn ><rdf:value >2006284811</rdf:value>
</bf:Lccn></bf:identifiedBy><bf:identifiedBy >
<bf:Isbn ><rdf:value >0307276651 (Vintage)</rdf:value>
</bf:Isbn></bf:identifiedBy><bf:identifiedBy >
<bf:Isbn ><rdf:value >9780307276650 (Vintage)</rdf:value>
</bf:Isbn></bf:identifiedBy><rdfs:label >Gabriela, clove and cinnamon</rdfs:label><bf:title >
<bf:Title ><rdfs:label >Gabriela, clove and cinnamon</rdfs:label><bflc:titleSortKey >Gabriela, clove and cinnamon</bflc:titleSortKey><bf:mainTitle >Gabriela, clove and cinnamon</bf:mainTitle>
</bf:Title></bf:title><bf:responsibilityStatement >Jorge Amado ; translated from the Portuguese by James L. Taylor and William L. Grossman</bf:responsibilityStatement><bf:editionStatement >1st Vintage International ed</bf:editionStatement><bf:provisionActivity >
<bf:ProvisionActivity ><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Publication" /><bf:place >
<bf:Place ><rdfs:label >New York</rdfs:label>
</bf:Place></bf:place><bf:agent >
<bf:Agent ><rdfs:label >Vintage International</rdfs:label>
</bf:Agent></bf:agent><bf:date >2006</bf:date>
</bf:ProvisionActivity>
18
100 1 $aAmado, Jorge,$d1912-2001.
<bf:contribution ><bf:Contribution >
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bflc/PrimaryContribution" /><bf:agent >
<bf:Agent rdf:about="http://bibframe.example.org/14610808#Agent100-14" >
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Person" /><bflc:name00MatchKey >Amado, Jorge, 1912-2001.</bflc:name00MatchKey><bflc:primaryContributorName00MatchKey >Amado, Jorge, 1912-2001.</bflc:primaryContributorName00MatchKey><bflc:name00MarcKey >1001 $aAmado, Jorge,$d1912-2001.</bflc:name00MarcKey><rdfs:label >Amado, Jorge, 1912-2001.</rdfs:label>
</bf:Agent></bf:agent><bf:role >
<bf:Role rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/ctb" /></bf:role>
</bf:Contribution></bf:contribution>
19
<rdfs:label >Gabriela, cravo e canela. English</rdfs:label><bf:title ><bf:Title ><bflc:title40MatchKey >Gabriela, cravo e canela. English</bflc:title40MatchKey><bflc:title40MarcKey >24010$aGabriela, cravo e canela.$lEnglish</bflc:title40MarcKey><rdfs:label >Gabriela, cravo e canela. English</rdfs:label><bflc:titleSortKey >Gabriela, cravo e canela. English</bflc:titleSortKey><bf:mainTitle >Gabriela, cravo e canela</bf:mainTitle>
</bf:Title></bf:title> <bf:title >
<bf:Title ><rdfs:label >Gabriela, clove and cinnamon /</rdfs:label><bflc:titleSortKey >Gabriela, clove and cinnamon /</bflc:titleSortKey><bf:mainTitle >Gabriela, clove and cinnamon</bf:mainTitle>
</bf:Title></bf:title>
245 10 $aGabriela, clove and cinnamon
Instância
Obra
Considerações
Ainda que bibliotecas em diferentes países estejam trabalhando na
implementação do BIBFRAME, não foi encontrada nenhuma publicação de bibliotecas
brasileiras relatando ações ou projetos para adoção do modelo BIBFRAME para
representação da informação.
Como relatado, as iniciativas apresentadas estão desenvolvendo estudos para a
criação de registros em BIBFRAME para suas coleções digitais de patrimônios culturais,
sendo o principal desafio a interoperabilidade de dados do formato MARC para o novo
modelo de dados. Além disso, foi observado a necessidade de cooperação entre várias
iniciativas para que os esforços e avanços sejam distribuídos igualitariamente entre as
instituições levantadas.
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ConsideraçõesA partir dos surveys da IFLA, identifica-se o crescimento no número de
instituições que utilizam o BIBFRAME em bibliotecas com o objetivo de
potencializar a visibilidade, o reúso e a preservação dos recursos no âmbito
do Linked Data.
Como trabalho futuro, pretende-se:
• Verificar os resultados das pesquisas/relatórios técnicos sobre o
BIBFRAME
• Desenvolver estudo sobre a representação da informação, a partir do
BIBFRAME, para patrimônio cultural bibliográfico.
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ReferênciasAGENJO-BULLÓN, X.; HERNÁNDEZ-CARRASCAL, F. BIBFRAME 2017: entre la internacionalización y el desembarco en Europa. Anuário ThinkEPI, v. 12, p. 373-377, 2018.
ARAKAKI, F. A. Linked data: ligação de dados bibliográficos. 2016. 144 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Informação) – Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, 2016. Disponível em: <https://repositorio.unesp.br/handle/11449/147979>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2017.
ARAKAKI, Felipe Augusto et al. BIBFRAME: tendência para a representação bibliográfica na web. RBBD. Revista Brasileira de Biblioteconomia e Documentação, São Paulo, v. 13, p. 2231-2249, dez. 2017. ISSN 1980-6949. Disponível em: <https://rbbd.febab.org.br/rbbd/article/view/995/1030>. Acesso em: 22 abr. 2019.
HANSEN, C.; CROWE, S. The Linkable Neil Armstrong: using BIBFRAME to increase visibility of digital collections. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DUBLIN CORE AND METADATA APPLICATIONS, 15., 2015. Proceedings… Disponível em: <http://dcevents.dublincore.org/ IntConf/dc-2015/ paper/view/336/ 376>. Acesso em: 30 jan. 2019.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Bibliographic framework as a web of data: linked data model and supporting services. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 2012.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Overview of the BIBFRAME 2.0 Model. Washington, DC., 2016. Disponível em: https://www.loc.gov/bibframe/docs/bibframe2-model.html. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2019.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. BIBFRAME Implementation Register (BIBFRAME - Bibliographic Framework Initiative). Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 2018.
MILLER, E.; OGBUJI, U. Linked data design for the visible library. Bull Asis&T, v. 41, n. 4, p. 23-27, 2015.
MITCHELL, E. T. The current state of linked data in libraries, archives, and museus. In: MITCHELL, E. T. (Org.). Library Linked Data: early activity and development. Library Technology Reports, v. 52, n. 1, p. 5-33, 2016.
SMITH-YOSHIMURA, K. Analysis of 2018 International Linked Data Survey for Implementers. Code{4}lib Journal, n. 42, Nov. 2018. Disponível em: <https://journal.code4lib.org/articles/13867>. Acesso em: 30 jan. 2019.
THOMPSON, T. A. et al. From notes to annotations: dedications as data in the Library of Jacques Derrida at Princeton University. J. Lib. Metadata, v. 16, n. 3-4, p. 146-165, 2016.
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Questões?Ana Carolina Simionato ArakakiUFSCar - [email protected]
Morgana Carneiro Andrade UFES - [email protected]
Felipe Augusto Arakaki IFSP/UNB - [email protected]
Paula Regina Ventura Amorim Gonçalez UFES - [email protected]