amÉrica futebol clube em 2011 - a visibilidade do clube nos programas alterosa esporte e globo...

8/2/2019 AMÉRICA FUTEBOL CLUBE EM 2011 - A visibilidade do clube nos programas Alterosa Esporte e Globo Esporte

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@i`y Rew ke Fhv{e

ELÄYDFE BP[@IHM FMPI@ @L 9155

E rdvdidmdkek` kh fmpi` ohv qyhjyelev Em{`yhve @vqhy{` ` Jmhih @vqhy{`

I`mh Nhydwho{`

F`o{yh Podr`yvd{åydh k` I`mh Nhydwho{` .POD,IN$

9155



@i`y Rew ke Fhv{e

ELÄYDFE BP[@IHM FMPI@ @L 9155

E rdvdidmdkek` kh fmpi` ohv qyhjyelev Em{`yhve @vqhy{` ` Jmhih @vqhy{`

Lhohjyebde eqy`vò{eke eh fpyvh k` Ghyoemdvlhkh Fò{yh Podr`yvd{åydh k` I`mh Nhydwho{`.POD,IN$ fhlh yùpdvd{h qeyfdem á hi{òêæh khjyep k` Iefney`m `l Ghyoemdvlh/Hydò{ekhy7 @remkh Lejemnæ`v

I`mh Nhydwho{`

Fò{yh Podr`yvd{åydh k` I`mh Nhydwho{` .POD,IN$

9155



‐V` ev fhdvev væh doe{dojìr`dv/// hye%

Oæh ä lh{drh qeye oæh up`yç,mev///

Up` {ydv{`v hv feldonhv- v` oæh bhye

E qy`v`oêe kdv{eo{` kev `v{y`mev%‒

.Låydh Updo{eoe$



VPLÅYDH

DO[YHKPÊÆH ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 10

5 H BP[@IHM @ E QED^ÆH OEFDHOEM //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1:

5/5 Iy`r` ndv{öyde kh bp{ìhm /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1:

5/9 Vhfdhmhjde kh `vqhy{`///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1>

5/6 Bp{ìhm ` ghyoemdvlh ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 55

5/; E `vq`{efpmeydweêæh kh `vqhy{`////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 5;

9 H BP[@IHM OE [@M@RDVÆH //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 5>

9/5 Fhi`y{pye `vqhy{dre oe {`m`rdvæh//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 54

9/9 E y`meêæh ò{y` vqhy{` ` {`m`ghyoemdvlh//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 91

9/6 Fyd{äydhv k` oh{dfdeidmdkek` //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 95

6 QYDOFDQEDV HIG@[HV K@ @V[PKH /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 94

6/5 Eläydfe Bp{ìhm Fmpi` ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 946/9 Em{`yhve @vqhy{` //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 66

6/6 Jmhih @vqhy{` /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 62

; @V[PKH K@ FEVH /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 64

;/5 L`{hkhmhjde /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 64

;/9 Qyhjyelev v`m`fdhoekhv ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;1

;/6 Eoåmdv` kev `kdêð`v //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;>

FHOFMPVÆH //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 05

Y@B@YÇOFDEV///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 0;

EO@^HV///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 02

Eo`~h E ‖ @o{y`rdv{e fhl Feymhv Fypw ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 02

Eo`~h I ‖ @o{y`rdv{e fhl M`hqhmkh Vdup`dye //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 04

Eo`~h F ‖ Q`vupdvev vhiy` {hyfdkev k` fmpi`v iyevdm`dyhv ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 29

Eo`~h K ‖ Bdjpyev /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 22



0

DO[YHKPÊÆH

K`vk` vpe fn`jeke eh Iyevdm- h bp{ìhm {`l v` lhv{yekh k` jyeok` dlqhy{éofde oe do{`jyeêæh

vhfdem ` ò{y`{òdlò{h- òrhmròkh k` bhyle eqed~hoeke {hkev ev fmevv`v vhfdedv/ H `vqhy{`

dojmçv up` bhd ekh{ekh q`mhv iyevdm`dyhv ` v` {hyohp ple ‐Qed~æh oefdhoem‒ qevvhp e bew`y

qey{` kh fh{dkdeoh kev q`vvhev- l`vlh ev up` oæh v` do{`y`vvel kdy`{elò{` q`mhv ghjhv `

fhlq`{dêð`v/

K` hmnh o`vve ohrdkek`- emjpov fmpi`v iyevdm`dyhv up` qydhydwerel v`pv dor`v{dlò{hv `ly`je{ev fhlh h Bmelòjh- qevveyel {eliäl e v` k`kdfey eh Bp{ìhm/ Hp{yhv gå vpyjdyel fhl

h hig`{drh k` qhqpmeydwey h `vqhy{` oh Qeìv/ H Eläydfe Bp{ìhm Fmpi`- ohvvh hig`{h k` `v{pkh-

gå oevf`p fhl `vve qyhqhv{e/

[pkh h up` e{yed e e{òêæh kev q`vvhev {eliäl k`vq`y{e e e{òêæh ke lìkde- ` fhl h bp{ìhm

oæh bhd kdb`yò{`/ Eh mhojh kh väfpmh ^^- h `vqhy{` bhd fhoupdv{eokh v`p `vqeêh ohv r`ìfpmhv

dlqy`vvhv- yåkdh ` bdoemlò{` fn`jhp á {`m`rdvæh/ K`vk` ò{æh- {hke e lejde kh `vqhy{` qevvhp

e fho{ey fhl h y`bhyêh kev dlejòv- h up` fhmhfe h `vq`f{ekhy ‐kò{yh‒ kh mhfem k`

efho{`fdlò{h ` eplò{e e `lhêæh k` r`y v`p fmpi` `l felqh ` {hyf`y q`me rd{öyde- emäl k`

eqy`fdey e e{peêæh vdojpmey k` v`pv jyeok`v ìkhmhv/

H bp{ìhm jeonhp ey`v k` ‐jyeok` `vq`{åfpmh‒- ` fhl {hke `vve remhydweêæh ev `ldvvhyev k`

{`m`rdvæh fydeyel lhkhv k` `~qmhyey e qed~æh khv iyevdm`dyhv/ Hv ghjhv qevveyel e v`y

{yeovld{dkhv rdveokh `lhfdhoey h q÷imdfh- ` fhl dvvh rd`yel ohrhv qyhjyelev up`

efhlqeonel h fh{dkdeoh khv fmpi`v ` e{m`{ev/ Qho{hv qhvd{drhv .` o`je{drhv$ ` y`bhyêel e

dlej`l lì{dfe khv e{m`{ev- h up` dobhyle ` ò{y`{äl h jyeok` q÷imdfh/ Ple ldv{pye k`

‐yèmd{t vnhzv‒ fhl ghyoemdvlh {yekdfdhoem/

H qy`vò{` `v{pkh eml`ge eiydy e kdvfpvvæh vhiy` ev bhylev fhlh væh rdv{hv hv fmpi`v `l

qyhjyelev `vqhy{drhv oe {`m`rdvæh- vhiy`{pkh hv k` lòhy `~qy`vvæh/ @vve eoåmdv` qhvvdidmd{hp

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oh{ìfdev- emdekh á dk`de k` remhydweêæh khv fmpi`v q`me `~qhvdêæh oe lìkde/



2

Ipvfeokh `~qmhyey hv y`fpyvhv up` væh p{dmdwekhv qhy ghyoemdv{ev `vqhy{drhv ` e{yedy e e{òêæh

kh q÷imdfh qeye v`pv qyhjyelev- `v{` qyhg`{h qevve e {`y jyeok` y`m`réofde oe eoåmdv` khv

fyd{äydhv up` væh v`jpdkhv qhy qey{` khv qyhbdvvdhoedv ke åyè k` fhlpodfeêæh vhfdem/

Upedv hv fyd{äydhv ekh{ekhv q`mev `ldvvhyev qeye oh{dfdey fmpi`v y`jdhoedv8 Fhlh e dlej`l k`

pl fmpi` qhk` v`y eb`{eke qhy `vve ‐qy`b`yçofde‒8 Eq`mh fhl`yfdem- {eleonh k` {hyfdke hp

k`v`lqònh `l felqh/ Upedv hv yùpdvd{hv fhovdk`yekhv ledv dlqhy{eo{`v q`me lìkde8 @vvev

væh emjplev kev up`v{ð`v m`reo{ekev qhy `v{` `v{pkh- h up` ohv q`yld{` eremdey k` bhyle ledv

eoemì{dfe hv qekyð`v p{dmdwekhv qeye ohy{èy h ghyoemdvlh `vqhy{drh oe {`m`rdvæh iyevdm`dye/

Oh{elhv up` fhl h qevvey kh {`lqh- feke qyhjyele `vqhy{drh qevve qhy fhov{eo{`v

lpkeoêev/ Feke ple k`mev rdve eqyh~dley h q÷imdfh ke yèmdkek` kh `vqhy{`- fn`jeokh `lemjpov fevhv e {hyoå,mhv r`ykek`dyhv {emc vnhzv/ E fhor`yjçofde k` ohrev lìkdev- fhlh h pvh

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qyhf`vvh- eqyh~dleokh ghyoemdv{ev ` q÷imdfh/

H qydl`dyh feqì{pmh k`v{` `v{pkh fhlqy`òk` e ndv{öyde kh bp{ìhm- qevveokh k` vpe qhvvìr`m

hydj`l qeye e fn`jeke eh Iyevdm- vpe y`meêæh vhfdhmöjdfe ` fho{ydipdêð`v qeye e vhfd`kek` `l

j`yem/ Lhv{ye {eliäl fhlh v` k`p e do{`jyeêæh kh ghyoemdvlh eh `vqhy{`- e fydeêæh kh

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Oe v`jpoke qey{` væh {yeiemnekev ev feyef{`yìv{dfev ke {`m`rdvæh- r`ìfpmh up` fhov`jpdp pody

ghyoemdvlh- `vqhy{` ` ò{y`{òdlò{h/ K`v{eup` `vq`fdem qeye hv fyd{äydhv k` oh{dfdeidmdkek`-

up` `~`yf`l qeq`m bpokelò{em oe qyhkpêæh k` qyhjyelev `vq`fdemdwekhv oe fhi`y{pye

`vqhy{dre/

H qydofdqem hig`{h k` q`vupdve `vfhmndkh ä h Eläydfe Bp{ìhm Fmpi`- up` eqöv qevvey 51 eohv

bhye ke väyd` E kh Felq`hoe{h Iyevdm`dyh k` Bp{ìhm- y`{hyohp `l 9155 qm`d{èokh fhoupdv{ey

{ì{pmhv k` `~qy`vvæh oh fòåydh `vqhy{drh oefdhoem ` fhovhmdkey,v` fhlh fmpi` k` dlej`l

bhy{`/ Qeye dvvh- `vfhmn`lhv hv qyhjyelev Em{`yhve @vqhy{` ` Jmhih @vqhy{`- qhy v`y`l hv

ledv {yekdfdhoedv ` fhon`fdkhv `l Ldoev J`yedv/



:

5 H Bp{ìhm ` e qed~æh oefdhoem

5/5 Iy`r` ndv{öyde kh bp{ìhm

Lpd{h v` beme vhiy` ev yèdv hydjòv kh bp{ìhm/ H `vqhy{` up` efeihp v` {hyoeokh leode ò{y`

hv iyevdm`dyhv edoke {`l vpe qyhf`kçofde dof`y{e- fhl qhpfev fhlqyhreêð`v- lev kdr`yvevr`yvð`v/ Ple k`mev qhk` {`y vdkh l`vlh oe qyä,ndv{öyde- upeokh h nhl`l kev fer`yoev gå

fnp{ere pl hig`{h eyy`khokekh qey`fdkh fhl ple ihme- be{h fhlqyhrekh q`mh eo{yhqömhjh

vpìêh Ghneo Gechiv- up` òfho{yhp {em hig`{h oh do{`ydhy k` ple jyp{e oe Ohre Jpdoä/

V`jpokh Yhi`y{h Yelhv .54>;$- vhmkekhv kh `~äyfd{h kh dlq`yekhy ^òj,[d- oe Fndoe-

qyhrer`mlò{` oh väfpmh 90 E/F- gå qye{dferel emjh qyö~dlh kh bp{ìhm- v`yrdokh k`

qy`qeyeêæh iämdfe/ Kdrdkdokh,v` `l khdv jypqhv- `m`v l`kdel bhyêev `l pl `vqhy{`

feyef{`ydwekh q`me rdhmçofde/

Gå oh väfpmh ^D^- e kdrdvæh kh {yeiemnh ` e l`feodweêæh m`reyel hv fhv{pl`v khv

{yeiemnekhy`v e lpkeoêev vdjodbdfe{drev/ Fhl e y`kpêæh ke feyje nhyåyde- hv hq`yåydhv

qevveyel e {`y hv bdov k` v`leoe mdry`v ` {`lqh qeye mew`y/ Fhlh `vvev bhmjev oæh qhk`ydel

e{yeqemney e qyhkp{drdkek`- emdekhv á qy`hfpqeêæh k` leo{ç,mhv hfpqekhv bhye kh mhfem k`

{yeiemnh- bhd do{yhkpwdkh q`mhv ipyjp`v`v h bp{ìhm/ @vv` `vqhy{`- emäl k` leo{`y hv hq`yåydhv

`l ihev fhokdêð`v bìvdfev- fhmhfere,hv á leyj`l kev e{drdkek`v qhmì{dfev kò{yh k` vpev

fe{`jhydev k` fmevv`/

Yelhv .54>;$ {eliäl fd{e up` e fn`jeke kh bp{ìhm eh Iyevdm bhd qhvvdidmd{eke `l 5>4; qhy

Fneym`v Ldmm`y5/ Oe hfevdæh- bhyel {yewdkev k` vpe rdej`l á Dojme{`yye kpev ihmev- ` qyhlhr`p

`l v`jpdke emjplev qey{dkev- vòkh up` h qydl`dyh ghjh hbdfdem efho{`f`p `l 54 k` gpmnh k`

5411- oh Ydh Jyeok` kh Vpm/

5 Fneym`v Ldmm`y bhd pl bpofdhoåydh ke Væh Qepmh Yedmzet Fhlqeot- rdf`,fûovpm dojmçv oh Iyevdm ` h do{yhkp{hy kh bp{ìhm ohIyevdm/ .Dobhyleêð`v kh vd{`7 n{{q7((zzz/vpeq`vupdve/fhl(up`lbhd(fneym`vXldmm`y/n{l$



>

Fhl`êere- ò{æh- pl {`lqh `l up` pl `vqhy{` k` y`jyev k` båfdm fhlqy`òvæh ` mdojpej`l

vdlqm`v qevveyde e v`y p{dmdwekh fhlh `m`lò{h k` fhlpodfeêæh/

5/9 Vhfdhmhjde kh vqhy{`

Fhobhyl` m`liye KeLe{{e .9112$- h bp{ìhm `~`yf` jyeok` qhk`y k` lhidmdweêæh vhfdem ohIyevdm/ @vv` `vqhy{` dojmçv up` bhd ekh{ekh q`mhv iyevdm`dyhv bew qey{` khv qydofdqedv evvpo{hv

`l yhkev k` eldjhv/ Vpe fn`jeke eh qeìv fhoupdv{hp qydl`dyelò{` e `md{` ke äqhfe- up` gå h

fhon`fde k` hp{yev hfevdð`v/ Qeye `vve fmevv`- {ye{ere,v` k` ple e{drdkek` ohre ` lhk`yoe-

up` qyhlhr`yde jyeok` kdbpvæh fpm{pyem/

@vve l`vle `md{` fhl`êhp e `~qmhyey e feqefdkek` k` do{`jyeêæh kh `vqhy{`/ H bp{ìhm qevvhp

e v`y p{dmdwekh `l båiydfev ` fmpi`v fhlh bhyle k` ‐`vbydey ev lò{`v ` eqmedoey hv fhyeêð`v‒-

fhlh k`vfy`r` KeLe{{e .9112$/ Qeye hv qe{yð`v ke äqhfe- v`pv qye{dfeo{`v eqyòkdel oe

qyå{dfe e dlqhy{éofde kh fplqydlò{h k` y`jyev ` h y`vq`d{h l÷{ph- h up` hv egpkere ` eh

l`vlh {`lqh qyhqhyfdhoere áv ep{hydkek`v ple bhyle k` qyh{`jç,mhv k` dk`hmhjdev

vpir`yvdrev/

@ oæh bhd vhlò{` `vve qeyf`me ke vhfd`kek` up` v` do{`y`vvhp q`mh bp{ìhm/ Mhjh h `vqhy{`

fedp oev jyeêev kh qhrh iyevdm`dyh- up` eohv ledv {eyk` h ekh{eydel fhlh ple k` vpev

qydofdqedv qed~ð`v/

Yelhv .54>;$ ò{òk` up` ple kev `~qmdfeêð`v qeye up` hv iyevdm`dyhv v` eqed~hoevv`l q`mh

`vqhy{` v` kå eh be{h k` up` `m` òfhiy` e rdke fhl v`pv qyhim`lev ` kdbdfpmkek`v/ @l

fho{yeqey{dke- y`qyhkpw ple yèmdkek` `l hp{yhv oìr`dv ledv ef`d{år`dv- fn`dh k`

feyef{`yìv{dfev up` eqewdjperel h fho{yev{` fhl h lpokh yèm/ @v{` ä h ldmejy` kh `vqhy{`

efy`vfdkh k` dlqhy{eo{`v remhy`v vhfdedv/

Hv iyevdm`dyhv jhv{eyel kh {dqh k` fhlq`{dêæh hok` v` qyhkpwde jeonekhy`v up` oæh v`

{hyoerel khohv ke e{drdkek`- òupeo{h hv q`yk`khy`v oæh {donel b`ydkev vpe kdjodkek` `

nhoyek`w o`l `yel `~qhv{hv á r`yjhone/ KeLe{{e .9112$ edoke m`liye up` ohv @PE h



4

`vqhy{` oæh bhd i`l rdv{h/ E fpm{pye el`ydfeoe ä leyfeke q`me fhlq`{dêæh ` up`

dlqmdfd{elò{` dokpw á rdhmçofde ` fhobmd{h- `l up` e upeo{dkek` y`qy`vò{e qhk`y/

E bhyle byde fhl up` h bp{ìhm bhd y`fìdkh q`mhv el`ydfeohv y`vpm{hp `l pl kdv{eofdelò{hkh `vqhy{`/ H qeìv ohy{`,el`ydfeoh rdp h bp{ìhm fhlh pl `vq`{åfpmh bydh ` kdv{eo{` ke

yèmdkek`- fhlh m`liye Fh`mnh .911>$- òupeo{h oh Iyevdm nhpr` e fydeêæh k` bhy{`v meêhv

eb`{drhv ò{y` {hyfdke ` q÷imdfh/

Oh k`fhyy`y ke ndv{öyde- h ghjh dojmçv k` båfdm ò{òkdlò{h bhd jeoneokh ey`v k` `vq`{åfpmh

`l {hkh h lpokh/ L`vlh evvdl- KeLe{{e .9112$ h fhovdk`ye pl khv qydofdqedv be{hy`v k`

do{`jyeêæh vhfdem ke e{pemdkek`/ Qhy fho{ey fhl y`jyev vdlqm`v ` up` {hkhv fhon`f`l ` oæh

`~djdy h pvh k` ùpdqelò{hv hp k` felqhv `vq`fdedv- ä befdmlò{` qye{dfekh `l upemup`ympjey hok` nege do{`y`vvekhv/

Qeye Lhvch- By`d{ev ` Lhm`{{e .911>$- h bp{ìhm ä ‐pl bòûlòh fhlqm`~h- hok` evq`f{hv

fhlh h m÷kdfh- e qed~æh- h qyew`y- e k`vyewæh ` e dok`{`yldoeêæh væh bpokelò{edv‒/ [emr`w

dvvh `~qmdup` `l qey{`v h qhyupç k` jeyh{hv gå lhv{yey`l k`vk` f`kh up` qhvvp`l pl fmpi`

kh fhyeêæh k`bòkç,mh v`lqy`- m`reokh qeye e rdke ekpm{e vve dkò{dbdfeêæh fhl h {dl`/

O`l v`lqy` e e{yeêæh q`mh `vqhy{` v` kå vhlò{` q`me i`m`we kh `vq`{åfpmh up` ä evvdv{dkh-hp vhlò{` q`me qed~æh qhy v`p fmpi`/ IHPYKD@P .544:$ m`liye up` emjpov jeyh{hv ræh

emäl k`vve ekldyeêæh ` vhonel `l v` {hyoey pl ghjekhy fhon`fdkh ` {emò{hvh- qhyup`

jyeok` qey{` k`vv`v jeyh{hv q`y{òf`l e fmevv`v läkdev ` ied~ev- up` `m` fnele k`

‐khldoekev vhfdemlò{`‒ qevvel e r`y e feyy`dye `vqhy{dre fhlh pl l`dh k` l`mnhyey k`

rdke ledv båfdm/ Fhl`êe- ò{æh- e kpye ghyoeke `l ipvfe ke qyhbdvvdhoemdweêæh- up` ä

emfeoêeke qhy qhpfhv/

Gå Yelhv .54>;$ rç `vv` vpf`vvh ` hv em{hv vemåydhv y`fìdkhv q`mhv ghjekhy`v fhlh hv be{hy`v

up` fydel ple remhydweêæh k` `vqhy{` qeye e vhfd`kek`- m`jd{dleokh ` eremdweokh e

evfòkçofde vhfdem kh qhrh- h up` y`bhyêe e rdvæh feqd{emdv{e kh `vqhy{`/

KeLe{{e .9112$ m`liye up` `vve {yeovbhyleêæh k` remhy`v bew fhl up` h qhrh `vup`êe,v` kev

dogpv{dêev ` qòv`l oh Iyevdm vdliömdfh y`qy`vò{ekh kò{yh k` felqh- ledv gpv{h ` lòhv

qhiy`- qyhlhròkh e vòveêæh k` djpemkek` ` gpv{dêe- vòkh pl mpjey hok` e rdke v` y`qyhkpw

k` bhyle fho{yhmeke- fhlh v` {ò{evv`l ‐khl`v{dfey e ihme‒- `l pl yd{pem fhl doìfdh- l`dh `

bdl up` fhokpw eh fnelekh bedy,qmet hp )`vqìyd{h vqhy{drh)/



51

Yhi`y{h Yelhv .54>;- q/510$ fhlqeye h bp{ìhm e ple ‐båiydfe k` pl yèm dkèmdwekh‒/ Qeye

`m`- nå ple fhofdmdeêæh k` fmevv`v kò{yh k` fhokdêð`v dyyèdv ` e nd`yeyupde khv qeqädv vhfdedv

ä k`ve{dreke/ ‐E dogpv{dêe vhfdem jeone hp{ye bhyle ` vhiy`rdr` ohv `v{`y`ö{dqhv- up`

y`mefdhoel hv {hyf`khy`v ` fmpi`v- ` oev kdb`yò{`v efhlhkeêð`v khv `v{åkdhv/‒

Fhlh {`le iev{eo{` kdvfp{dkh qhy KeLe{{e .9112$- h be{h k` up` h bp{ìhm fyde e vòveêæh k`

do{`jyeêæh ` {yew ple fhoupdv{e k` djpemkek` fhov`jp` k`d~ey k` mekh be{hy`v `fhoûldfhv-

efekçldfhv hp k` upemup`y hp{ye hyk`l oh lhlò{h k` vpe yèmdweêæh- rdv{h up` v`pv

qey{dfdqeo{`v `v{æh ipvfeokh pl do{`y`vv` fhlpl/

[emr`w qhy fydey `vve vòveêæh- `~`yf`y pl jyeok` qhk`y k` lhidmdweêæh ke vhfd`kek` ` {`y v`

{hyoekh pl khv qydofdqedv l`dhv k` fhlpodfeêæh ò{y` ev kdr`yvev felekev ke vhfd`kek`-emjpov v`{hy`v fyì{dfhv k` `vup`yke fn`jeyel e fhovdk`yå,mh fhlh dov{yplò{h ke khldoeêæh

k` fmevv`/ @ `vve dk`de k` {`y v` {hyoekh h öqdh kh qhrh ä fhlie{dke qhy Yhi`y{h KeLe{{e

.9112$- up` ò{òk` up` h `vqhy{` oeke ledv ä up` pl vdv{`le up` qyhlhr` e k`lhfyefde ohv

ledv kdr`yvhv v`jlò{hv vhfdedv/

Gå Ipòh .9151$ ebdyle up` v` `~eldoekh vhi ple q`yvq`f{dre ndv{öydfe- qhk`lhv

fmeyelò{` q`yfì`y e y`meêæh kdy`{e kh bp{ìhm fhl h qhk`y/ [yçv fevhv fd{ekhv væh e

Em`leone oewdv{e ` hv jhr`yohv ldmd{ey`v kh Iyevdm ` ke Eyjò{doe- up` v` rem`yel k`v{` qeye

dokpwdy h qhrh eh ‐hyjpmnh oefdhoem‒/ @vv`v lhlò{hv oæh k`d~eyel- l`vlh `l l`dh á

kd{ekpye- up` h qeìv q`yk`vv` e vpe vdjodbdféofde/

.///$ e y`f`qêæh v lqy` femhyhve ehv felq`ð`v- vepkekhv ò{pvdev{dfelò{` fhlhn`yödv3 fhl e qhvvdidmdkek` k` evfòvæh vhfdem .e em{`yoe{dre kh o`jyh oplevhfd`kek` up` kdvfydldoe q`me fhy ke q`m`$ `- `vq`fdemlò{`- fhl e fpm{pye 9.keì eqy`b`yçofde k` k`{`yldoekhv qhrhv qhy k`{`yldoekhv `vqhy{`v ` e dobmpçofde kh{`ylhv `vqhy{drhv oe mìojpe oefdhoem- fhlh e iyevdm`dye$/ .IP@OH- 9151- q/9$/

Hv qydofdqedv `rò{hv `vqhy{drhv {çl vdkh feqew`v k` lhrdlò{ey jyeok`v upeo{dev

bdoeof`dyev qeye hv khohv kh feqd{em oe dobye`v{yp{pye/ V`jpokh Yelhv .54>;- qej/ 555$- {hke

`vve vpq`y`v{yp{pye- kå eh @v{ekh pl qhk`yhvh eqey`mnh dk`hmöjdfh up` ä ep~dmdekh q`mhv

l`dhv k` fhlpodfeêæh- h up` `l vpev k`rdkev qyhqhyêð`v ‐y`qyhkpw e bhyêe k` {yeiemnh-

emdòeokh h qyhm`{eydekh ` oæh q`yld{` up` `m` q`yfìe ev y`meêð`v k` qyhkpêæh feqd{emdv{ev‒/

@rò{hv fhlh e Fhqe kh Lpokh k` Bp{ìhm {`l pl qeohyele qhmì{dfh do{`yoefdhoem

elqmdekh/



55

5/6 Bp{ìhm ` ghyoemdvlh

H ghyoemdvlh ä emjh k` `~{y`le dlqhy{éofde oh lpokh vhfdem- {eo{h up` v`pv qyhbdvvdhoedv væh

fhovdk`yekhv qhy Ihpykd`p .544:$ fhlh hv k`{ò{hy`v k` ‐pl lhohqömdh yèm‒- `l up` hv

dov{yplò{hv k` qyhkpêæh ` k` kdbpvæh qyhqejel `l jyeok` `vfeme e dobhyleêæh ` lhv{ye-

rdvdr`mlò{` e feqefdkek` k` emfeoêey ` dobmpòfdey hv e{hv khv fdkekæhv ledv vdlqm`v/

Efhlqeoney h fh{dkdeoh ` lhv{yey be{hv y`m`reo{`v á vhfd`kek` ä pl khv qydofdqedv k`r`y`v

khv qyhbdvvdhoedv ke åyè- ` up` qeye dvvh `~dj` l`vfmey fhon`fdlò{h ` {äfodfe- vòkh `vveple ihe hqhy{podkek` k` fho{ey ndv{öydev/ Qepmh Rdoìfdpv Fh`mnh .911>$ k`bòk` up` h

ghyoemdvlh oæh qy`fdve v`y qye{dfekh k` bhyle l`yelò{` {äfodfe/ E qed~æh ` e fyde{drdkek`

k`{`yldoel lpd{h fhlh v`yå h y`vpm{ekh bdoem- `rdkòfdeokh ev feyef{`yìv{dfev k` pl ihl

qyhbdvvdhoem/

Qeye Ihpykd`p .544:$- h ghyoemdv{e hfpqe ple qhvdêæh dob`ydhy ohv felqhv k` qyhkpêæh

fpm{pyem- hok` ple hiye hp ey{dv{e jeone ledhy remhydweêæh/ L`vlh evvdl- edoke qhvvpd

dobmpçofde vhiy` ev bhylev k` `~qy`vvæh q÷imdfe- fhoupdv{eokh oh{hyd`kek` ` y`vq`d{h/ Emjpov

k`m`v fn`jel e {`y ‐ple fhovdk`yeêæh lpd{ev r`w`v k`vqyhqhyfdhoem e v`pv läy d{hv

do{`m`f{pedv‒/

@ `m`v qhk`l k`vrdey ple qey{` k`vv` qhk`y k` fhovejyeêæh `l v`p qyhr`d{h .h be{hk` up` hv ghyoemdv{ev `v{æh l`vlh hv ledv y`fhon`fdkhv- `l qhvdêæh k`dob`ydhydkek` `v{yp{pyem fhl y`meêæh e fe{`jhydev up` `m`v qhk`l khldoeyhfevdhoemlò{`- fhlh hv do{`m`f{pedv ‛ ò{y` hv upedv `m`v eyk`l qhy fmevvdbdfey,v` ‛ ` hv qhmì{dfhv- fho{ydipd v`l k÷rdke qeye `~qmdfey vpe {òkçofde fhov{eo{` eheo{ddo{`m`f{pemdvlh$/ .IHPYKD@P- 544:- q/551$/

@ {hke `vve fhi`y{pye v` vpikdrdk` `l jço`yhv ghyoemìv{dfhv- h up` qeye Y`wòk` .9111$ oæh

qhk` bd~ey mdld{`v ydjhyhvhv á vpe eêæh/ Feke pl k`m`v {`l vpev qey{dfpmeydkek`v- lev

{yeiemnel fhl ‐h y`me{h hig`{drh kh be{h- h kekh iyp{h‒ - ` qhk`l `~qmdfd{ey hp hld{dy be{hv- k`

efhykh fhl hv fyd{äydhv p{dmdwekhv l vpe bdm{yej`l/

Ev oh{ìfdev ke åyè `vqhy{dre {eliäl bew`l qey{` kh fho{`~{h ghyoemìv{dfh- vhiy`{pkh qhy

`~qmhyey evvpo{hv mdjekhv eh bp{ìhm- {`le k` do{`y`vv` ke ledhyde khv iyevdm`dyhv oee{pemdkek`/ L`vlh eup`m`v up` oæh jhv{el kh `vqhy{`- k` f`y{e bhyle oæh {çl fhlh v` mdryey



59

k`m`/ Ohv r`ìfpmhv k` fhlpodfeêæh hfpqe `vqeêhv dlòvpyår`dv oe qyhjyeleêæh kdåyde-

eplò{eokh ohv bdoedv k` v`leoe/

Qeye lpd{hv `vq`f{ekhy`v- h ghyoemdvlh `vqhy{drh ä vdoûodlh k` bp{ìhm/ @lihye òjmhi` evkdr`yvev lhkemdkek`v `~dv{ò{`v- nå edoke ple dlej`l k` up` `m` ä vhlò{` rhm{ekh eh

bp{ìhm/ Fh`mnh .911>$ ò{òk` up` `vve dk`de j`ye edoke fhobpvæh oh q÷imdfh `l j`yem/

Lpd{ev q`vvhev v` do{`y`vvel q`me åyè- kò{y` `mev ghyoemdv{ev- efy`kd{eokh v`y `v{e e bhyle k`

fhiydy v`p ‐{dl` kh fhyeêæh‒ hp v` eqyh~dley k` v`pv ìkhmhv/

Ed k` up`l {dr`y mhpfpye qhy hp{yh `vqhy{`/ Up`l bhy mhpfh qhy rûm`d- qhy ievup`{`-up`l {dr`y qed~æh qhy {çodv ` vhoney v y `vq`fdemdv{e oh `vqhy{` k` up` jhv{e/ Oæh-{em qhvvdidmdkek` oæh `v{å `~fmpìke/ Lev- v gå kå {yeiemnh fhoupdv{eyy`fhon`fdlò{h oe qyhbdvvæh {yeiemneokh fhl bp{ìhm- ä lpd{h ledv b`yhw e mp{e qeyefn`jey eh {hqh fhl hp{yh `vqhy{`/ .FH@MNH- 9116- q/06$

E rdvdidmdkek` fhoupdv{eke q`mhv `vqhy{`v oe lìkde o`l v`lqy` bhd ve{dvbe{öyde hp `~qy`vvdre/

Fh`mnh .911>$ m`liye up` oh doìfdh kh väfpmh `vve fhi`y{pye `ye {h{emlò{` y`kpwdke/ Qhy

rhm{e k` 5491- h bp{ìhm bhd v` {hyoeokh h `vqhy{` oefdhoem `- `l 5490- h Iyevdm gå `ye

idfelq`æh vpm,el`ydfeoh/ E qey{dy k`vve äqhfe ` e{ä lèkhv kh väfpmh ^^- qevvhp e hfpqey

pl ledhy `vqeêh oh ghyoemdvlh/

Qeye Fh`mnh .911>$- hv qydofdqedv fhmpodv{ev ke äqhfe `yel O`mvho Yhkydjp`v 9 ` Eyleokh

Ohjp`dye6- up` lhv{yeyel e y`meêæh vekde ò{y` ‐h be{h ` qh`vde‒ - ` qevvhp e eqy`vò{ey ple

bhyle ledv yhléo{dfe l v`p {ye{elò{h/

KeLe{{e .9112- qej/ 5:$ fhovdk`ye up` ‐O`mvho Yhkydjp`v ò~`yjhp h r`ykek`dyh qeq`m up` h

bp{ìhm k`v`lqòne qeye e k`bdodêæh ke dk`de k` v`y iyevdm`dyh‒/ Qeye `m`- h `vqhy{` {`r` rd{em

dlqhy{éofde oe dk`de k` ‐vhley @v{ekh Oefdhoem ` Vhfd`kek`‒/ @l vpev fyûodfev `vqhy{drev-

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@vve ‐fhi`y{pye eqed~hoeke‒ keke fhlh `~{do{e qhy Fh`mnh .911>$- lhv{ye up`- nhg`- e

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9 O`mvho Yhkydjp`v `ye `vfyd{hy- ghyoemdv{e ` {hyf`khy kh Bmpldoòv`/ Fhovdk`yekh pl khv qydl`dyhv ghyoemdv{ev e evvpldyqpimdfelò{` e qed~æh qhy pl {dl`/ .Fhl dobhyleêð`v k` n{{q7((zzz/y`m`d{pyev/fhl(o`mvhoyXidh/evq$6 Eyleokh Ohjp`dye- ghyoemdv{e efyèoh- bhd pl khv qy`fpyvhy`v kh Ghyoem Oefdhoem- oe Y`k` Jmhih/ .Fhl dobhyleêð`v k`n{{q7((idhjyebdev/o`{vei`y/fhl/iy(r`yXidhjyebdeXfX;621/n{lm$



56

{ò{e{drev bypv{yekev k` bew`y kh `vqhy{` emjh lpd{h mpfye{drh oh l`dh ghyoemìv{dfh v`l v`

dor`v{dy `l upemdkek` oev y`keêð`v/

Qeye Fh`mnh .911>$- ev y`keêð`v edoke oæh kæh lpd{h remhy eh `vqhy{`- ` e leo`dye fhlh h ghyoemdvlh `vqhy{drh ä {ye{ekh oh Iyevdm oæh dofò{dre h qyhbdvvdhoem e ipvfey ohrhv

fhon`fdlò{hv/ @m` {eliäl em`y{e qeye e bem{e k` q`vvhev `vq`fdemdwekev oh evvpo{h/ Vhiy`

`vv` qyhim`le- Ipòh .9151$ ò{òk` up` edoke nå qhpfe feqefd{eêæh qeye hv ghyoemdv{ev up`

k`fdk`l v`jpdy `vv` feldonh- qy`fdveokh lpd{ev r`w`v v` {hyoey ‐qye{dfelò{` ep{hkdke{ev‒ /

@vv` qyhf`vvh k` dlqmeo{eêæh k` r`ìfpmhv up` bhvv`l rhm{ekhv á fhi`y{pye k` `rò{hv

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`lqy`jhv `l y`keêæh qeye v` erò{pyey o`vv` l`yfekh/

H up` qey`fde emjh {h{emlò{` qyhldvvhy qhy r`w`v bhd leyfekh o`je{drelò{` q`mev bemçofdev

khv vd{`v fho{ye{eo{`v/ Fh`mnh .911>$ m`liye up`- fhl dvvh- feke pl k`v{`v ghyoemdv{ev

qy`fdvhp ipvfey ohrelò{` v`p `vqeêh oh l`yfekh- ejhye ledv kdy`fdhoekh ` fhl vemåydhv

lòhy`v/

E ef`d{eêæh kh ghyoemdvlh `vqhy{drh edoke qevve qhy lhlò{hv `l up` ä fhovdk`yekh pl khv

qydofdqedv ùpìrhfhv/ Qeye Ipòh .9151$- e fhi`y{pye k` k`{`yldoekhv `rò{hv edoke kòpofde

e bem{e k` dobhyleêð`v vhiy` h hig`{h k`vfyd{h- fhlh ndv{öydev khv fmpi`v- `v{e{ìv{dfev hp q`ybdm

khv e{m`{ev/ Ev dobhyleêð`v ræh jeoneokh `vqeêh ehv qhpfhv `l vd{`v `vq`fdemdwekhv hp

mdjekhv ehv jyeok`v fmpi`v/

Fh`mnh .911>- qej/ >$ fd{e e qy`rdvæh b`d{e qhy Ghæh Vemkeone; oh bdoem khv eohv 21 oh

lhlò{h `l up` e Y`rdv{e Qmefey bhd meoêeke/ Qeye `m`- e dk`de k` pl ‐erò{py`dyh‒ up`

y`vhmr`p meoêey oæh pl fek`yoh- lev ple y`rdv{e do{`dyelò{` k`kdfeke eh bp{ìhm opofe

vedyde khv qydl`dyhv o÷l`yhv/ Kprdkey bhd h `vqhy{` qy`b`ydkh e{ä l`vlh k` jò{` `~q`ydò{ -

up` rdrde k` `vfy`r`y qeye hv fek`yohv `vq`fdemdwekhv- gå oh l`dh kh väfpmh 91/ [eo{h oh

qevvekh upeo{h oh qy`vò{`- v`lqy` nerde q`vvhev kdvqhv{ev e ‐fhy{ey ple mdone e ledv

k`kdfeke eh `vqhy{`‒/

; Ghyoemdv{e fhlie{drh- {y`doekhy- eqed~hoekh q`mh bp{ìhm- fhov`jpdp pody h Iyevdm ‛ ò{æh qhmd{dfelò{` kdrdkdkh ‛ `l5424- qhy hfevdæh kev `mdldoe{öydev qeye eup`me up` v`yde e Fhqe kh {ydfelq`hoe{h oh Lä~dfh/.fhl dobhyleêð`v kh vd{`n{{q7((zzz/y`m`d{pyev/fhl(gvemkeoneXlòp/evq$



5;

Ä e qed~æh q`mh bp{ìhm up` bew fhl up` h ihl ghyoemdv{e `vqhy{drh {òne pl kdb`yòfdem

vepkår`m `l y`meêæh ehv ghyoemdv{ev kev k`ledv `kd{hydev/ Fh`mnh .911>$ m`liye up` `vv` elhy

r`l k` i`yêh- ` up` e{ä pl jeyh{h k` khw` eohv qhk` fhon`f`y lpd{h vhiy` h evvpo{h/ @vv`

do{`y`vv` fho{ydipd qeye h fhon`fdlò{h kh `vqhy{`- eo{`v k` v`y oh{dfdekhy khv be{hv/

@vve qed~æh qhk` fydey f`y{e do{`yb`yçofde oe hqdodæh k` ghyoemdv{ev ` fhlò{eydv{ev up`

j`yemlò{` eoemdvel hv meof`v ` be{hv kev qey{dkev fhlh {hyf`khy`v ` oæh fhlh qyhbdvvdhoedv

eoemì{dfhv ke åyè/ ‐Qy`hfpqe,ohv pl fhogpo{h bhyldkår`m k` ghyoemdv{ev up` ipvfel-

k`lejhjdfelò{`- berhy`f`y- `l v`pv fhlò{åydhv hp {yeovldvvð`v- hv {dl`v k` ledhy

{hyfdke- upeokh oæh khv jyeok`v fò{yhv‒/ .IP@OH- 9151- q/96$

V`jpokh Fh`mnh .911>$- {hkh ghyoemdv{e up` fhiy` bp{ìhm {eliäl {`l pl {dl` k` dobéofde-lev o`l v`lqy` ä o`f`vvåydh `vfhok`y `vve qy`b`yçofde/ Ä k`v`går`m up` h y`qöy{`y v`

`~qhone qhpfh fhl y`meêæh áv vpev `vfhmnev qeye up` v`p {yeiemnh oæh v`ge up`v{dhoekh/ @vve

qed~æh- oh ò{eo{h- qhk` fhmhfey h y`qöy{`y `l vd{peêæh k`mdfeke eh {ye{ey ke dlqeyfdemdkek`

khv be{hv/

5/; E `vq`{efpmeydweêæh kh `vqhy{`

Hv ghjhv k` bp{ìhm e{ye`l bhy{`lò{` e e{òêæh kev q`vvhev/ @ hv felq`hoe{hv khv upedv hv

fmpi`v qey{dfdqel væh `vq`{åfpmhv mpfye{drhv/ Qeye Yelhv .54>;$- h `vqhy{` qevvhp e bew`y

qey{` k` pl dlòvh l`yfekh up` qyhkpw ` ròk` `vq`{åfpmhv/

Kò{yh k`v{` fho{`~{h- IHPYKD@P .5444- qej/ 515$ {yeêe pl qeyem`mh ò{y` h felqh

`vqhy{drh ` h felqh ey{ìv{dfh/ Qeye `m`- e `~qhvdêæh khv e{m`{ev ùpdrem` á khv ey{dv{ev-

`vfyd{hy`v hp l÷vdfhv- h up` ‐{hyoe qhvvìr`m e qyhkpêæh khv iòv vdliömdfhv ` k`v{doe,v` e pl

l`yfekh fhovpldkhy fhl k`leokev k`bdodkev q`me dok÷v{yde fpm{pyem‒/ H bp{ìhm jeone pl

l`yfekh qyhkp{hy `l up` hv ghjekhy`v ` `lqy`våydhv {hyoel,v` qyhbdvvdhoedv e{drhv oh

`vq`{åfpmh/



50

E fydeêæh k` fhlq`{dêð`v oefdhoedv ` `v{ekpedv- up` lhrdlò{el h `vqhy{` h eoh do{`dyh `v{å

qy`vò{` `l qye{dfelò{` {hkhv hv qeìv`v kh lpokh- emäl kev Fhqev yèmdwekev e feke upe{yh

eohv/ IHPYKD@P .5444$ y`vvem{e up` e hyjeodweêæh kh bp{ìhm k`d~hp k` v`y o`jöfdh

`~fmpvdrelò{` ke `md{` qhmì{dfe ` jeonhp q`yvhoejòv up` dov{d{p`l ohylev ` y`jyev qeye

j`yòfdey `v{` o`jöfdh/ Ehv qhpfhv fhl`êe e bew`y qey{` k`v{` v`{hy up` qyhlhr` v`yrdêhv k`

ò{y`{òdlò{h/

Qeye KeLe{{e .9112- qej/ 62$- h pvh khv podbhyl`v ` hv ùpdqelò{hv `vq`fdedv {yeovbhylel

hv ghjekhy`v up` eo{`v `yel q`vvhev fhlpov `l ohrhv n`yödv/ Fnele e e{òêæh qeye eup`m`

lòdoh qhiy` up` fhov`jpdp evfòk`y oe rdke k`rdkh eh {emò{h `l felqh/ [hkev `vvev

ndv{öydev y`bhyêel e qhvvdidmdkek` k` up` `l felqh ‐h byefh rdye bhy{`- h hqydldkh {hyoe ,v`

`~qy`vvdrelò{` khldoeo{`‒/

H `vq`{åfpmh `vqhy{drh `rdkòfde e dlej`l kh ghjekhy qyhbdvvdhoem ` h ld{dbdfe- qevveokh e

dk`de k` up` `v{` rdr` ple rdke {h{emlò{` kdb`yò{` kh y`v{eo{` ke vhfd`kek`/ Qeye KeLe{{e

.9112$- `vve {yeovbhyleêæh yekdfem bew h qhrh `vup`f`y ev dogpv{dêev ` qòvey eqòev o`vv`

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vìlihmhv oefdhoedv fhlh ev fhy`v- ieok`dye ` ndoh/

Hv {hyf`khy`v qejel qeye r`y {em `vq`{åfpmh ` fhlqyel hv qyhkp{hv y`mefdhoekhv ehv fmpi`v/

Dor`v{`l `lhfdhoemlò{` oh `vqhy{` ` qey{dfdqel k` bhyle e{dre- fnhyeokh- ydokh ` jyd{eokh

kò{yh kh `v{åkdh ` e{ä lpkeokh h nplhy k` efhykh fhl e bev` kh {dl`/ V`jpokh KeLe{{e

.9112$- h bp{ìhm ä ghjekh q`mhv ghjekhy`v ` q`me qme{`de- fdrdmdwe ` hykòe- {yew dof`y{`wev ` bä/

@ e mdjeêæh ò{y` pl {dl` ` v`pv {hyf`khy`v fyde rìofpmhv edoke ledhy`v- up` h ep{hy fn`je e

fhlqeyey fhl meêhv k` eleo{`v eqed~hoekhv- fhl fd÷l`v- dov`jpyeoêe ` qed~æh k`vòbyèke

qhk`l v`y hiv`yrekev e {hkh dov{eo{`/

Yelhv .54>;$ k`vfy`r` `vve qed~æh ` beoe{dvlh fd{eokh `rò{hv ohv `v{åkdhv/ @vvev {hyfdkev

ræh ehv `v{åkdhv ` må v` òrhmr`l `lhfdhoemlò{` rdiyeokh- qyhb`ydokh qyhrhfeêð`v ehv

ghjekhy`v- gpìw`v ` á {hyfdke ydrem/ O`vv elidò{` hv {hyf`khy`v r`y{`l ev vpev ejy`vvdrdkek`v

oh bp{ìhm/ @vve qed~æh bew fhl up` `vvev eyòev `vqhy{drev v` {hyo`l qemfh k`vv`v dlòvhv

`vq`{åfpmhv- fydeokh q`yvhoejòv elekhv hp hkdekhv/

Qeye Lhvch- By`d{ev ` Lhm`{{e .911>$- Hv ‐beoå{dfhv‒- `l j`yem- y`qy`vò{el bdjpyev

qhqpmey`v- ohylemlò{` dov`ydkev `l e{drdkek`v fhlpov ke vhfd`kek`- lev up` v` hfpqel `lk`bòk`y hv fmpi`v ` e{m`{ev qy`b`ydkhv/ @vvev q`vvhev remhydwel h ghjekhy qhy vei`y up` `v{`v



52

k`d~el k` v`y vdlqm`v fdkekæhv qeye {hyoey`l,v` q`vvhev q÷imdfev- y`fhon`fdkev qhy

k`{`yldoeke y`qy`vò{e{drdkek` up` qhvvp`l- e qey{dy k` vpe qey{dfdqeêæh oh felqh `vqhy{drh

kh bp{ìhm/

Kò{yh k`v{` fho{`~{h- Fh`mnh .911>$ lhv{ye up` e fhi`y{pye `vqhy{dre {eliäl hb`y`f`

bhylev k` vpv{ò{ey `vve rdvæh k` jyeok`v `vq`{åfpmhv/ Qeye {em- p{dmdwel,v` q`yvhoejòv `

ey{dbìfdhv fhlh hv mhojhv jyd{hv k` jhm up` m`rel h `vq`f{ekhy á mhpfpye- h up` fhovdk`ye

fhlh emjh vpqäybmph/

L`vve .9110$ m`liye up` {hkhv `vv`v ey{dbìfdhv m`rel ledv `l fhovdk`yeêæh ev eêð`v k`

leyc`{doj ` e ipvfe k` e{yedy h q÷imdfh ehv qyhkp{hv eopofdekhv/ E rdvæh k` pl l`yh

`vq`{åfpmh k` ò{y`{òdlò{h fn`je e k`d~ey k` mekh dlqhy{eo{`v fyd{äydhv k` oh{dfdeidmdkek`-p{dmdwe,v` k` reyd`kek` ` elòdkek`v- {òkh fhlh hig`{drh y`bhyêey e dlej`l k` v`pv

q`yvhoejòv ` ipvfey bpyhv ghyoemìv{dfhv- lev v`lqy` {yeiemneokh fhl e fhov{ypêæh k`

dlejòv/

Hv l`dhv k` fhlpodfeêæh b`{dfndwel h bp{ìhm/ E{ydip`l,mn` ep{h,vpbdfdçofde-eivhmp{dwel,oh/ Gpv{dbdfel e vpe qhqpmeydkek` fhlh lh{dreke q`mh v`p qhk`ylåjdfh k` òrhmr`y ev q`vvhev/ Fhl dvvh- {ò{el `~qmdfey ev `~epv{drev fhi`y{pyevbp{ìhmìv{dfev/ Y`kpw e fhlqy`òvæh fhokdêð`v le{`ydedv ` vhfdedv `~dv{ò{`v/Qy`òfn` `vqeêhv fho{år`dv oe rdke khv iyevdm`dyhv/ Odvvh- hv l`dhv k` fhlpodfeêæh

væh bpokelò{edv/ Do{yhkpw`l `vve vhfd`kek` k` jhmv- rd{öydev felq`hoe{hv ohuph{dkdeoh/ H up` ä b`d{h e{yeräv k` qyhjyeleêð`v do`vjh{år`dv/ .YELHV- 54>;- q/6;$/

Qeye Fh`mnh .911>$- e rdvæh kh `vqhy{` fhlh `vq`{åfpmh {`l {hyoekh e oh{ìfde emjh

l`yelò{` dmpv{ye{drh- v`l k`vq`y{ey pl ledhy do{`y`vv` upeo{h á upemdkek` kh up` ä bemekh/

Qhy dvvh v` {hyoe edoke ledv dlqhy{eo{` e bdjpye kh ghyoemdv{e up` oæh k`vfy`r` vhlò{` hv

be{hv- lev- vdl- up` m`r` h y`f`q{hy e fhlqy`òk`y fhl ledv fmey`we hv be{hv/

@l lpd{hv fevhv ä p{dmdweke ple qep{e vpq`ybdfdem- ` `vv`v ghyoemdv{ev oæh {çl fhlh ledhy

hig`{drh e fhi`y{pye ghyoemìv{dfe oe {`m`rdvæh- up` ä kpyelò{` fyd{dfekh qhy L`vve .9110$-

upeokh lhv{ye h {hyf`khy fhlh pl y`f`q{hy qevvdrh k`vvev dobhyleêð`v/

Hv q`yvhoejòv jeonel k`v{eup` oev oh{ìfdev- ` up`- lpd{ev r`w`v- ä fydekh fhlh pl y`fpyvh

qeye befdmd{ey e evvdldmeêæh kh q÷imdfh/ V`l o`f`vveydelò{` {`y pl bdoem b`mdw oev oeyye{drev-

eqyh~dlel h {`m`vq`f{ekhy ke oh{ìfde/ Idv{eo` ` Ief`mmey .9112$ {eliäl y`vvem{el up`

upeo{h ledv vdlqm`v e mdojpej`l p{dmdweke- ledv båfdm vpe fhlqy`òvæh ` dkò{dbdfeêæh/



5:

Fh`mnh .911>$ fhmhfe fhlh vpq`ybdfdemdkek` e qy`hfpqeêæh up` hv kdr`yvhv r`ìfpmhv {çl k`

bemey vhiy` ev `{eqev k` felq`hoe{hv- {ei`mev k` ghjhv ` er`ydjpey kekhv fhyydup`dyhv hp

y`bhyêey e bdjpye lì{dfe khv e{m`{ev- {äfodfhv- åyid{yhv ` q`vvhev òrhmrdkev/ Dvvh bhj` ke

do{òêæh k` bemey qyhqydelò{` vhiy` h vqhy{`/

O`vve fhov{eo{` qy`hfpqeêæh- dlqhy{eo{`v dobhyleêð`v v` q`yk`l eh mhojh kh qyhf`vvh/

L`vve .9110$ fhlò{e up` nå pl k`vfhon`fdlò{h ke dlqyòve `l y`meêæh eh hig`{h k`

{yeovldvvæh/ Qeye hv ghjhv up` væh fhi`y{hv- edoke beme,v` qhpfh k` `vup`lev {äfodfhv `

{å{dfhv- qy`b`ydokh,v`- ò{æh- bd~ey hv hmney`v ohv qyhim`lev efho{`fdkhv e eoemdvey fhl

qyhqyd`kek` feke meof`/ Ev le{äydev ræh q`ykòkh v`p feyå{`y {`öydfh ` `kpfe{drh/

Ipòh .9151$ m`liye up` {`lev qhmçldfhv {eliäl kòh{el up` nå f`y{h k`vfhon`fdlò{h/Upeokh h evvpo{h ä Khqqdoj ` m`vð`v `vqhy{drev- qhy `~`lqmh- h qyhbdvvdhoem qhpfh v` eyydvfe

e bemey/



5>

9 H bp{ìhm oe {`m`rdvæh

@l qhpfh ledv k` l`dh väfpmh- e {`m`rdvæh fhoupdv{hp v`p `vqeêh ` v` {hyohp pl khv ledv

qhqpmey`v l`dhv k` fhlpodfeêæh k` levve/ Vpe qydofdqem kdb`yòêe `l y`meêæh ehv k`ledv

r`ìfpmhv v` kå oe leo`dye fhlh ev dobhyleêð`v væh {yeovld{dkev- fhl mdojpej`l- mdld{eêæh `

y`fpyvhv qyöqydhv- ebdylel Idv{eo` Ief`mmey .9112$/

Qeye IHPYKD@P .544:$- e {`m`rdvæh qhk` v`y rdv{e fhlh ple dlqhy{eo{` bhyle k` y`jdv{yh

k` be{hv- lev up` oæh k`d~e k` v y pl dov{yplò{h k` fydeêæh ke y emdkek`- hok` v` {hyoe h‐åyid{yh kh ef`vvh á `~dv{çofde vhfdem ` qhmì{dfe‒/ @me p{dmdwe e kyele{dweêæh ` h kpqm h vò{dkh-

eh l`vlh {`lqh `l up` `~ej`ye oe dlqhy{éofde k` pl efho{`fdlò{h/ Qhy k`vbyp{ey k`

jyeok` qy`v{ìjdh- edoke y`vqhok` fhlh ÷odfe rde k` ef`vvh áv oh{ìfdev ` eh ò{y`{òdlò{h

qeye jyeok` qey{` ke qhqpmeêæh/

Lev ä lpd{h ledv upeokh q`yfì`lhv up` dobmpòfde e{d{pk`v- k`{`yldoe remhy`v-lpke fhlqhy{elò{hv- y`kdy`fdhoe feldonhv- up`v{dhoe qhv{pyev- y`r`me ereoêhv-kòpofde e{yhfdkek`v- kdvfp{`- eoemdve- fhlò{e- `~qmdfe- dobhyle- òvdoe- ò{y`{äl `

k`v`kpfe/ @ {eliäl `lhfdhoe- fnhfe- y`rhm{e- ò{ydv{`f` ` em`jye/.QE[@YOHV[YH- 5444- q/ 4$

Gå Y`wòk` .9111$ hiv`yre up` qey{` khv {`m`vq`f{ekhy`v qevve pl jyeok` q`yìhkh k` {`lqh

mdjekh á qyhjyeleêæh- l`vlh up` oæh v`ge k` v`p ejyekh- lev qhyup` v` vò{` òfeo{ekh q`me

`~q`ydçofde rdvpem- up` fhov`jp` e{yeì,mh k` bhyle fhlqpmvdre oe byò{` kh {`m`rdvhy/

Ohv eohv 01- e {`m`rdvæh `v{ere qhpfh qy`vò{` oh felqh ghyoemìv{dfh3 upeokh v`bemere k` ghyoemdvlh- lem v` qòvere oe {`m`rdvæh/ Ev q`vvhev k` {`m`rdvæh `yel

kpqmelò{` khldoekev7 vhiy`{pkh q`mh be{h k` up` `yel vpvq`d{ev k` v`y`lk`qòkò{`v fhl y`meêæh ehv qhk`y`v qhmì{dfhv- `mev `yel khldoekev kh qho{h k`rdv{e fpm{pyem- vdliömdfh- kh qho{h k` rdv{e kh qy`v{ìjdh- ` `yel {eliäl khldoekev`fhohldfelò{` oe l`kdke `l up` `yel k`qòkò{`v kev vpiròêð`v kh @v{ekh `-qhy{eo{h- lpd{h lòhv `bdfdò{`v- qhk`yhvev/ .IHPYKD@P- 544:- q/21$/

Qeye Qd`yy` IHPYKD@P .544:$- h pvh ke {`m`rdvæh {yew ydvfhv qyöqydhv oe l`kdke `l up` e

dlej`l {`l h qhk`y k` dlqef{ey hv {`m`vq`f{ekhy`v/ @m`v væh dokpwdkhv e efy`kd{ey oh up` ä

eqy`vò{ekh k`rdkh eh qhk`y up` e dlej`l `~`yf`/ Dvvh qhk` {yew`y dobmpçofdev vhiy` e

hqdodæh q÷imdfe- ple r`w up` v` rem` k` fho{`÷khv k` fponh qhmì{dfh ` ä{dfh/ V`jpokh `m`- e



54

fòvpye khv fyd{äydhv k` v`m`êæh khv fho{`÷khv k`d~e `~qhv{h vhlò{` h up` ejyek` ehv up`

k`{äl h qhk`y/

9/5 Fhi`y{pye `vqhy{dre oe {`m`rdvæh

Ohv qydl`dyhv eohv k` fhi`y{pye `vqhy{dre oh Iyevdm- oh doìfdh kh väfpmh ^^- qhpfev q`vvhev

efy`kd{erel up` h bp{ìhm bhvv` evvpo{h qeye emjple leofn`{`/ Ä h up` fhlò{e Fh`mnh

.911>$/ Dlejdoere,v` up` e{ä l`vlh h y`lh- h `vqhy{` ledv qhqpmey kh qeìv oe äqhfe- geledv

hfpqeyde ev qydl`dyev qåjdoev k` ghyoem/ Eh fhoupdv{ey v`p `vqeêh- h `vqhy{` qevvhp {eliäl

áv {yeovldvvð`v {`m`rdvdrev/

E bhyle fhlh v` kå ev {yeovldvvð`v oh Iyevdm ä emrh k` fyì{dfe k` Ipòh .9151$/ Qeye `m`- e

lìkde vö fho{`lqme k`{`yldoekhv `vqhy{`v oh dov{eo{` kev jyeok`v fhlq`{dêð`v do{`yoefdhoedv

.ev Hmdlqìekev ` hv ghjhv Qeo,el`ydfeohv$- qòemdweokh hv up` k`m`v v` hfpqel fhlk`kdfeêæh- upev` v`lqy` vhmd{åydhv hp `lqy`òk`khy`v/ K` leo`dye `jhìv{e ` l`vupdone- vö

y`fhon`f` hv ròf`khy`v .hv l`kemndv{ev$/

Fh`mnh .911>$ {eliäl m`liye up` qhpfev `ldvvhyev k` {`m`rdvæh k`{çl h lhohqömdh k`

{yeovldvvæh k` jyeok` qey{` khv ghjhv/ Hv l`vlhv fhl`êel e v`y ekeq{ekhv `l v`pv

nhyåydhv- lpkel ke{ev hp mhfedv k` efho{`fdlò{h qeye e{òk`y ehv do{`y`vv`v kev `lqy`vev

iò`bdfdekev q`mh efho{`fdlò{h kh `vq`{åfpmh `vqhy{drh/

Qeye Ipòh .9151$- edoke `~dv{` ple qydhydkek` keke q`me dlqyòve ehv jyeok`v fmpi`v-

bewòkh rdv{e jyhvve ehv qùpòhv/ Qy`fhof`d{h qey`fdkh ä hiv`yrekh oe fhi`y{pye k` ghjhv

bhye kh `d~h Ydh ~ Væh Qepmh- upeokh hv fmpi`v k` hp{yev feqd{edv {çl vpe dlqhy{éofde

kdldopìke `l ghjhv up` oæh òrhmr`l hv {dl`v qepmdv{ev ` feydhfev/

Fhl e ekùpeêæh khv ghjhv ehv `vqeêhv {`m`rdvdrhv- r`dh {eliäl e o`f`vvdkek` k` fydey

qyhjyelev up` dobhylevv`l h q÷imdfh vhiy` v`p `vqhy{` qy`b`ydkh- e `~`lqmh kh up` gå

efho{`fde l hp{yev bhylev k` qpimdfeêæh/



91

Qeye h ghyoemdvlh {`m`rdvdrh- h bp{ìhm v` {hyohp emjh {æh dlqhy{eo{` ` e{ye{drh up` hydjdohp

ple jele k` qyhjyelev kdåydhv- qyhlhròkh h vpyjdlò{h k` pl qyhbdvvdhoem `vq`fdemdwekh7

h ghyoemdv{e `vqhy{drh/ Ipòh .9151$ fhlò{e up` h e{pem lhk`mh k` fhi`y{pye `vqhy{dre oe

{`m`rdvæh evvhfde h Ghyoemdvlh @vqhy{drh `l vpe ledhyde e `rò{hv y`me{drhv eh bp{ìhm/ Qhpfh

v` beme ohv k`ledv `vqhy{`v `l hfevdð`v ohyledv- `~f`{h `l `rò{hv k` ledhy qhy{` fhlh

Hmdlqìekev/

H jço`yh bhd v` qhqpmeydweokh/ V`lqy` fhl eqy`vò{ekhy`v mdjekhv eh `vqhy{` bhyel v`

kdb`yòfdeokh oh bhyle{h/ Fh`mnh .911>$ fhlò{e up` e qhv{pye khv ghyoemdv{ev- qydofdqedv

yèmdwekhy`v k`vv`v qyhjyelev ä pl khv qydofdqedv qho{hv bhy{`v k`vve bhyle k` ghyoemdvlh/

9/9 E y`meêæh ò{y` `vqhy{` ` {`m`ghyoemdvlh

Fhl e qhqpmeydweêæh ke {`m`rdvæh- råydhv qyhjyelev bhyel fydekhv e bdl k` qy`òfn`y vpev

jyek`v ` {yew`y dobhyleêæh ` ò{y`{òdlò{h ehv {`m`vq`f{ekhy`v/ @ `vve ekeq{eêæh oæh bhd

kdb`yò{` fhl h ghyoemdvlh/ Emäl kh `rò{pem ò{y`{òdlò{h- hb`y`fdkh kdeydelò{` ehv bdädv

`vq`f{ekhy v- {eliäl nhpr` e qy`hfpqeêæh `l {yew`y á qhqpmeêæh h y`me{h k` efho{`fdlò{hv

k` do{`y`vv` q÷imdfh/

Qeye Y`wòk` .9111$- ple kev qydofdqedv ldvvð`v kh ghyoemdv{e ä emfeoêey ev felekev ledv

dm`{yekev- fplqydokh ple bpoêæh vhfdem ` qhmì{dfe/ Q`yfì`,v` up` h q÷imdfh k` pl {`m`ghyoem

r`dfpmekh `l nhyåydh ohiy` ä lpd{h ledhy up` h o÷l`yh k` m`d{hy`v khv qydofdqedv ghyoedv k`

jyeok` fdyfpmeêæh oefdhoem/

E dlej`l qhk` jeyeo{dy ple ihe r`dfpmeêæh kh be{h- bewòkh fhl up` nege ledhy oh{hyd`kek`

kh up` ä dobhylekh/ Qeye Idv{eo` ` Ief`mmey .9112$- h ghyoemdvlh bhd v` ekeq{eokh e `vve

yèmdkek` ` emfeoêeokh hv kdr`yvhv q÷imdfhv up` bhyel v`kpwdkhv qhy hp{yev e{yeêð`v fhlh

qyhjyelev k` ò{y`{òdlò{h- vhiy`{pkh kdvv`ldoeokh- dk`dev ` dkèdv/ @ feke qyhjyele- hp

{`m`ghyoem v`jp` e fyd{äydhv k` `~didêæh k` efhykh fhl h q÷imdfh up` h evvdv{`- fhlh nhyåydhv `mdojpej`l/



95

Gå Rdw`p .9110$ fhovdk`ye up` h ghyoemdv{e k` {`m`rdvæh ‐v` dor`v{` ke ep{hydkek` k` qhpqey e

epkdçofde k` qòvey‒/ H em{h oìr`m kdkå{dfh kh ghyoemdvlh efeie qhy ‐ò{y`jey {pkh i`l

lev{djekdonh- fhl {hkhv hv k`{emn`v- {dl,qhy,{dl- qeye up` e epkdçofde fhlqy`òke‒/ H

y`qöy{`y ä fhovdk`yekh pl fho{ekhy k` ndv{öydev ` qy`fdve ò{òk`y i`l ev oh{ìfdev ` y`qevvå,

mev k` bhyle vdo{ä{dfe ` fmeye/

H lhk`mh k` {`m`ghyoemdvlh rdjò{` oh Iyevdm ä j`yemlò{` eqy`vò{ekh `l l`denhye fhl le{äydev fpy{ev ` hig`{drev- yùp`y ple eqy`òvæh dl`kde{e ke dobhyleêæhup` `v{å vòkh {yeovld{dke- ä dlqhvvìr`m rhm{ey qeye y`r`y e dobhyleêæh- fhlhq`yld{` h ghyoem dlqy`vvh- e oh{ìfde `l {`m`rdvæh {`l up` v`y ò{òkdkedl`kde{elò{`- hig`{drh up` vö v` fhofy`{dwe jyeêev á p{dmdweêæh k` ple mdojpej`lfhmhupdem .Y@W@OK@- 9111- q/46$/

9/6 Fyd{äydhv k` oh{dfdeidmdkek`

Ple oh{ìfde up` ved ùpdrhfeke hp lem do{`yqy`{eke qhk` efeyy`{ey `l ple jyeok` fydv` `-

qeye dvvh- dobhyleêð`v vdjdmhvev qevvel e v`y jpeykekev ` e evv`vvhyde qhk` rdy e v`y

evvhliyeke q`mh )beo{evle) up` yhoke `vv` v`{hy- j`yeokh ple vpqhv{e fydv` `l vpe dlej`l/

Bhyod .9116$ m`liye up` `~dv{`l elèêev á dlej`l up` væh qy`rdvìr`dv- edoke up` oæh vedie

e r`yvæh bdoem ke qpimdfeêæh- h do{`y`vvekh {`l fhlh qy`r`y ev fhovùýçofdev fhl f`y{e khv`

k` ef`y{h/

Qeye Bhyod .9116$- e lìkde qhk` v` {yeovbhyley `l ple jyeok` emdeke oe fhov{ypêæh ke

dlej`l ` e{ä dobmpòfdey oh fhlqhy{elò{h ke vhfd`kek`/ O`vv` qho{h- `me qevve e {`y qeq`m

k` elqmdbdfekhy khv be{hv ` e p{dmdwå,mhv fhlh dov{yplò{h k` qhk`y/ K` hmnh o`vv` qhk`y k`dobmpçofde- hv jyeok`v fmpi`v dor`v{`l `l bhylev k` eplò{ey vpe rdvdidmdkek`/

Qeye Lho{`dyh .9116$- e yèmdkek` k` fmpi`v `vqhy{drhv oh Iyevdm {`l vdkh e ipvfe q`me

dlqyòve `vq`fdemdweke fhlh ple reo{ej`l `l y`meêæh ehv k`ledv fhofhyyò{`v/ Ple

oh{ìfde ùpdrhfeke hp lem do{`yqy`{eke qhk` efeyy`{ey ehv evv`vvhyekhv ple fydv` hp qy`gpìwh/

Feke r`w ledv `v{`v fmpi`v dor`v{`l `l evv`vvhydev- up` fpdkel k` dobhyleêð`v vdjdmhvev/



99

Oh e{pem `v{åjdh kh qyhbdvvdhoemdvlh kh bp{ìhm- hv fmpi`v væh `lqy`vev/ @m`vqy`fdvel k` rd{öydev ` fhoupdv{ev qeye {`y`l mpfyh/ Vö evvdl fhov`jp`l eiydy ohrhvl`yfekhv ` e{yedy ledv dor`v{dlò{hv k` v`pv {hyf`khy`v/ H up` qhk` efho{`f`y q`meledhy ebmpçofde k` q÷imdfh ehv `v{åkdhv hp rde qyhlhêð`v/ Dvvh qhk` qyhvv`jpdye{yeräv k` `~fpyvð`v e hp{yhv qeìv`v/ Hv fmpi`v qyhkpw`l ple le{äyde,qydle

`vvòfdem eh feqd{emdvlh/ Ä e dmpvæh/ @me qy`fdve v`y le~dldweke/ Fhl dvvh-fhokdfdhoeyå pl ledhy o÷l`yh k` ek`q{hv qeye v`y`l emdòekhv/ Dvvh befdmd{e ehi{òêæh ` e jeyeo{de kh feqd{em- fhlh fhleokeo{` ` be{hy k` dogpv{dêe vhfdem/.YELHV- 54>;- q/ 22$

V`jpokh Beyde .9116$- e qy`hfpqeêæh fhl e oe{py`we fho{yekd{öyde ke dlqyòve- `l up` )e

læh up` ebeje {eliäl eq`ky`ge)- {`l m`rekh ev `lqy`vev e fho{ey fhl h {yeiemnh k`

evv`vvhy`v k` dlqyòve/ Ple k`fmeyeêæh qy`fdqd{eke qhk` {yew`y keohv väydhv á dlej`l-`

ldodldwey h be{h ä ple kev jyeok`v ldvvð`v kh qyhbdvvdhoem/ Eqyhr`d{ey h qhk`y q`yvpevdrh ke

lìkde ` {ç,me fhlh vpe emdeke qhk` v`y pl jyeok` kdb`yòfdem/

Bhyod .9116$ fhlò{e up` e ledhyde kev fydv`v k` dlej`l væh do`rd{år`dv- ple r`w up`

hfhyyçofdev o`je{drev bew`l qey{` ke kdoéldfe kev hyjeodweêð`v/ O`vve nhye- e lìkde qevve e

v`y h r`{hy oe{pyem k`vv`v fhobmd{hv ` lpd{ev r`w`v v` emdlò{e ke fydv`- vòkh pl fhlqhoò{`

k`fdvdrh ohv ghjhv k` qhk`y ` oev kdvqp{ev k` l`yfekh/ @~dv{`l qydofìqdhv- ohylev k`

fhokp{e- eêð`v qyhe{drev up` qhk`yæh y`r`y{`y vd{peêð`v fyì{dfev ` kdbìf`dv `l iò`bìfdh ke

`lqy`ve/

E e{drdkek` ghyoemìv{dfe ä fhov{d{pìke qhy råydev ohylev up` dobmpòfdel kdy`{elò{` hv

remhy`v ke oh{ìfde/ Qeye Rdw`p .9110$- be{hy`v fhlh e hig`{drdkek`- e dok`qòkçofde- h

dl`kde{dvlh væh k` {h{em remhy oe fhov{ypêæh ke oh{ìfde- lev ò{y` `mev e qydl`dye hfpqe pl

mpjey dlqhy{eo{`- qhyup` `v{å evvhfdeke e ple rdvæh khv ghyoemdv{ev k` up` ä qhvvìr`m

y`qyhkpwdy e yèmdkek` ke bhyle fhlh v` eqy`vò{e/

Qhy `vv` lh{drh- h ghyoemdv{e qy`fdve ekh{ey ple l`{hkhmhjde k` {yeiemnh up` h egpk` e k`bdody

ev qydhydkek`v ` ò{òk`y h up` ä ledv do{`y`vveo{` qeye h l`yfekh- hp h up` v`ge ledv

fhovplìr`m- `l k`{ydlò{h kh up`- e qydofìqdh- v`yde ledv dlqhy{eo{` qeye h q÷imdfh e up` v`

k`v{doe/ V`jpokh Lepyh Zhmb .5440$- ‐`vv`v fyd{äydhv `v{æh `v{y`d{elò{` mdjekhv ehv

qyhf`vvhv k` yh{dodweêæh ` k` `v{eokeykdweêæh kev qyå{dfev qyhkp{drev khv l`dhv k`

fhlpodfeêæh‒/



96

E v`m`êæh dlqmdfe- q`mh lòhv- h y`fhon`fdlò{h k` up` pl efho{`fdlò{h ä plefho{`fdlò{h ` oæh ple fevpem vpf`vvæh k` fhdvev fpge bhyle ` fpgh {dqh k`vpi{ye`l eh y`jdv{yh/ H hig`{drh k` v`m`fdhoey {hyohp,v` ledv kdbìfdm k`rdkh e plefeyef{`yìv{dfe qhv{`ydhy khv efho{`fdlò{hv/ Feke pl k`m`v qhk` `~djdy v`y ÷odfh-byp{h k` ple fhogpoêæh `vq`fìbdfe k` bhyêev vhfdedv- `fhoûldfev- qhmì{dfev `

qvdfhmöjdfev up` {yeovbhyleyel pl efho{`fdlò{h o`v{` efho{`fdlò{h qey{dfpmey/.ZHMB- 5440- q/0>$

@yihme{h .5445$ m`liye up` h ghyoemdv{e oæh qhk` v`y h vpg`d{h kh be{h- ò{æh qyhfpye ev bho{`v

qeye fhov{ypdy e vpe oh{ìfde/

Vhiy` h lhkh fhlh ev bho{`v eqey`f`l oev oh{ìfdev- `vvev væh upemdbdfekev fhlhhv{òvdrev ` dok`{`yldoekev/ E bho{` ä fhovdk`yeke hv{òvdre upeokh h m`d{hyy`fhon`f` qyho{elò{` up`l bhyo`f`p ev dobhyleêð`v qeye fhlqhy e le{äyde/ Væhfhovdk`yekev bho{`v dok`{`yldoekev upeokh oæh v` bew lòêæh eh y`fhon`fdlò{h

k` up`l bhyo`f`p ev dobhyleêð`v .@YIHME[H- 5445- q/5>0$/

Oæh ä á {he up` ple kev qydofdqedv qy`hfpqeêð`v kh ghyoemdv{e ä h k`mdfekh y`mefdhoelò{h

fhl ev bho{`v- feqew k` fhlqyhl`{`y h y`vpm{ekh bdoem k` pl {yeiemnh/ @l vd{peêð`v up`

òrhmr`l redkek` q`vvhem- kdon`dyh hp qhk`y- hv be{hv dor`v{djekhv `rdkòfdel fmeyelò{` h

ghjh k` do{`y`vv`v/

Qeye Idv{eo` ` Ief`mmey .9112$- `vv` ä pl qho{h k` rd{em dlqhy{éofde ` iev{eo{` k`mdfekh- `l

up` v` k`r` fpm{drey e fhobdeoêe ` `v{ey fdò{` k` up` e ledhyde khv dobhyleo{`v h bew qhy

do{`y`vv`v qyöqydhv/

Fh`mnh .911>$ fhlò{e up` oh fevh kh bp{ìhm- h fhorìrdh ò{y` e{m`{ev ` kdydjò{`v- emäl k`

oæh v`y båfdm- qhk` fhlqyhl`{`y e fhi`y{pye k` be{hv ledv väydhv fhlh oh fevh k` `vféokemhv/

Qeye `vv`v fevhv- h qyhbdvvdhoemdvlh ` e `~q`ydçofde væh bpokelò{edv- e bdl k` jeyeo{dy e

dvòêæh kh ghyoemdv{e/

E r`yvæh ke dlqyòve vhiy` q`vvhev hp ò{dkek`v e{dojdkev o`l v`lqy` ä fhyy`{e/ Qeye Bhyod

.9116$- ä o`f`vvåydh ple eqpyeêæh ledv qy`fdve qeye oæh fhlqyhl`{`y e rdvæh k` ä{dfe ` k`

dkèmdvlh up` v` {`l kh ghyoemdvlh/ @m` y`vvem{e up` e lìkde ä pl dov{yplò{h vpvf`{ìr`m eh

`yyh- qhy dvvh ~dj` ledhy e{òêæh ehv k`vmdw`v ke dlqyòve/

E qyhkpêæh kev oh{ìfdev v`jp` e fpm{pye qyhbdvvdhoem- up` qeye Rdw`p .9110$ òjmhie be{hy`v

fhlh y`{öydfev- fökdjhv- `v{`y`ö{dqhv ` {dqdbdfeêð`v up` y`qy`vò{el v`pv qeq`dv `l yd{pedv gå

fhon`fdkhv- bewòkh fhl up` h qyhf`vvh {hyo`,v` oe{pyem/ @o{æh h ghyoemdv{e qy`fdve y`fhyy`y e

lä{hkhv up` h egpk`l e v`y fhlqy`òkdkh- lev v`l qhk`y fho{yhmey ev ndqö{`v`v

do{`yqy`{e{drev e qey{dy kev upedv feke pl dob`y` eupdmh up` qy`{òk` kdw`y/



9;

Dlqhy{eo{` m`liyey up` emjpov hig`{hv væh dlqhv{hv ehv {`m`vq`f{ekhy`v qhyup` v` dlqð`l

ehv qyhkp{hy`v/ Qeye Ihpykd`p .544:- qej/ 90$- ‐Hv ghyoemdv{ev {çl ‚öfpmhv„ `vq`fdedv e qey{dy

khv upedv rç`l f`y{ev fhdvev ` oæh hp{yev/‒ Emjpov be{hy`v fhlh e fhofhyyçofde ò{y`

qyhbdvvdhoedv ` e qy`vvæh fypweke j`yeke ò{y` hv ghyoemdv{ev k`{`yldoel epvçofde hp qy`vòêe

k` k`{`yldoekh fho{`÷kh/ @ `vve v`m`êæh fhl`êe q`me ipvfe kh vòvefdhoem- kh `vq`{efpmey- `

`l v`jpdke nå ple v`m`êæh ` fhov{ypêæh ke ndv{öyde up` ä v`m`fdhoeke/

Kò{yh k` {hkh `vv` fho{`~{h- e ndqö{`v` kh ejòke,v`{{doj0 ä emjh {h{emlò{` y`m`reo{` ohv

`v{pkhv k` fhlpodfeêæh- ple kev qydofdqedv {`hydev up` egpkel e ò{òk`y hv qyhf`vvhv k`

bhyleêæh ke oh{ìfde/ Iypl .9151$ eqy`vò{e e y`meêæh lìkde,vhfd`kek` ` e dlqhy{éofde khv

@v{pkhv k` Y`f`qêæh up` qhk`l eqho{ey h q`ybdm khv y`f`q{hy`v ke oh{ìfde/ Qeye `me- ev

q`vupdvev `l qyhbpokdkek` {eliäl `~`yf`l qeq`m k`{`yldoeo{` oh qyhkp{h bdoem/

Ohv `v{pkhv k` y`f`qêæh- qey{`,v` kh qydofìqdh up` h y`f`q{hy ä e{drh ` up` do{`yej`fhl e lòvej`l {yeovld{dke q`mhv l`dhv k` fhlpodfeêæh/ Fhl `v{` qydofìqdh i`lk`bdodkh- e qey{dy khv eohv >1- jypqhv k` dor`v{djekhy`v ke Eläydfe Me{doey`vhmr`yel bew`y ple eihykej`l up` vpq`yevv` h lhk`mh {yekdfdhoem kefhlpodfeêæh/ .IYPL 9151- q/:4$

Qeye Zhmb .5440$- h ejòke,v`{{doj v` {hyoe y`vqhovår`m q`mhv {`lev e v`y`l fhovpldkhv q`me

vhfd`kek`/ Dvvh v` kå v`jpokh ple dk`de k` up` nå ple fy`vfò{` k`qòkçofde fhjod{dre khv

qyhbdvvdhoedv k` lìkde- ` e y`vqhoveidmdkek` k` bdm{yey h fho{`÷kh kev oh{ìfdev fhlq`{` ehv

fnelekhv je{`c``q`yv2 - up` `l jyeok` qey{` khv r`ìfpmhv {eliäl ä fhon`fdkh fhlh `kd{hy,

fn`b`/ @vv` qyhbdvvdhoem qy`fdve hi`k`f`y- k` bhyle hig`{dre- e lhk`mhv ` bhylev k`

mdojpej`l ekh{ekev q`mh r`ìfpmh/

Ev `~djçofdev hyjeodwe{drev ` `v{yp{pyedv ` ev feyef{`yìv{dfev {äfodfh,`~qy`vvdrevqyöqydev k` feke l`dh k` fhlpodfeêæh k` levve væh `m`lò{hv bpokelò{edv qeye ek`{`yldoeêæh ke y`qyhkpêæh ke yèmdkek` vhfdem bhyo`fdke q`mhv levv l`kde/.ZHMB- 5440- q/5>0$

Fhl hv fyd{äydhv k` oh{dfdeidmdkek` k`bdodkhv- ohy{èkhv e{yeräv kh fhogpo{h k` `m`lò{hv up`

ev `lqy`vev ghyoemìv{dfev fho{yhmel ` qyhkpw`l e upeo{dkek` ` h {dqh k` be{hv- ò{ye ò{æh h

fhof`d{h khv remhy`v,oh{ìfde/ K` efhykh fhl Rdw`p .9110$- e fhlidoeêæh k`m`v red egpkey h

ghyoemdv{e e k`bdody upedv hv be{hv up` væh vpbdfdò{`lò{` do{`y`vveo{`v- vdjodbdfe{drhv `

y`m`reo{`v qeye v`y`l {yeovbhylekhv `l oh{ìfde/

0 E ndqö{`v` kh ejòke v`{{doj ä pl {dqh k` `b`d{h vhfdem ke lìkde up` fhlqy`òk` e v`m`êæh- kdvqhvdêæh ` dofdkçofde kòh{ìfdev vhiy` hv {`lev up` h q÷imdfh bemeyå ` kdvfp{dyå/ .IYPL- 9116$2 je{`c``q`yv væh hv qyhbdvvdhoedv up` dor`v{djel upedv fyd{äydhv væh p{dmdwekhv qeye v` kdrpmjey hp oæh ple oh{ìfde/



90

E hldvvæh- e oæh,fhi`y{pye k` f`y{hv {`lev- e fhi`y{pye do{òfdhoemlò{` lhk`v{ehp leyjdoemdweke up` emjpov evvpo{hv y`fì`l/ @v{` {dqh k` ejòke,v`{{dojbpofdhoe- f`y{elò{`- qeye {hkhv hv levv l`kde- qeye må kev kdb`yòêev {äfodfev- ghyoemìv{dfev- k` mdojpej`l- q`mh vdlqm`v be{h k` h ef`vvh e bho{`v em{`yoe{dreváup`mev up` jeyeo{`l h bhyo`fdlò{h fhov{eo{` k` oh{ìfdev- v`y iev{eo{` kdbìfdm `

ho`yhvh/ .ZHMB- 5440- q/505$

@~dv{` {eliäl e {`hyde ke lìkde k` dovqdyeêæh vhfdhmöjdfe `lqìydfe up` qhvvdidmd{e e kdv{doêæh

k` kpev fhyyò{`v/ @oupeo{h ple k`mev {ye{e khv `v{pkhv ke fhlqhvdêæh kdb`yòfdeke khv

q÷imdfhv ` hiv`yre v`pv lhk`mhv k` fhovplh k` fhlpodfeêð`v k` levve- e v`jpoke kdw

y`vq`d{h ehv `v{pkhv vhiy` e l`kdeêæh vhfdem up` feyef{`ydwe `vv` fhovplh- vòkh ò{æh e

ledv vdjodbdfe{dre/ .ZHMB- 5440- fhobhyl` Rdw`p- 9110$

Gå Rdw`p .9110$ fhovdk`ye up` eh mhojh k` {hkh h qyhf`vvh k` qyhkpêæh nå remhy`v,oh{ìfde

up` qey{dfdqel k` {hkev ev do{`yròêð`v up` eo{`f`k`l hp vpf`k`l e `vfhmne- lev {`l ple

dlqhy{éofde kdb`yò{` e feke vd{peêæh/ V`p pvh lpke- k` bhyle kdoéldfe- gpo{h fhl hv

evq`f{hv fpm{pyedv- vhfdhmöjdfhv ` kev {`fohmhjdev up` vpyj`l/

Oe qyå{dfe- hv `kd{hy`v kh ghyoem up` `v{pkelhv {donel pl `v{`y`ö{dqh kh v`pq÷imdfh/ Oe nhye ke `kdêæh- qhk`lhv oh{ey up`- upeokh h ghyoemdv{e {`l k` qòveyoh {dqh k` oh{ìfdev up` ä dlqhy{eo{`- v`yr`,v` ledv k` vpe hqdodæh vhiy` hv evvpo{hvkh up` k` kekhv `vq`fìbdfhv/ .RDW@P- 9110- q/ :4$

Hv {yeiemnhv oe {`m`rdvæh hb`y`f`l qhpfe ep{hohlde `l vpe yèmdweêæh/ Vhiy` e qyhkpêæh k`

v`pv qyhjyelev q`ve ple väyd` k` y`v{ydêð`v/ Ihpykd`p .544:$ k`v{efe up` ò{y` `mev- e

fhofhyyçofde ‐dlqmefår`m‒ k` hp{yhv r`ìfpmhv ` ev y`meêð`v do{`yoev ò{y` hv ghyoemdv{ev

k`{`yldoel hv do{`y`vv`v mdjekhv eh felqh ke qyhkpêæh vdliömdfe væh ev up` ledv dlqef{el

h qyhkp{h bdoem/

Rdw`p .9110- qej/ 55:$ ò{òk` up` h fho{ye{h k` fhlpodfeêæh `v{ei`m`f` pl rìofpmh ò{y` e`ldvvhye k` {`m`rdvæh ` h {`m`vq`f{ekhy/ Qy`vpl`,v` ò{æh ple epkdçofde- ` `l fdle k`me hv

r`ìfpmhv {yeiemnel vpe qyhjyeleêæh/ @ h ep{hy edoke k`bdo` up` ‐h {yeiemnh up` hv

qyhbdvvdhoedv kh ghyoemdvlh yèmdwel- eh hq`yey vhiy` hv råydhv kdvfpyvhv- y`vpm{e `l

fhov{ypêð`v up`- oh geyjæh ghyoemìv{dfh- qhk`l v`y fnelekev k` oh{ìfdev‒/

Fhlh h ghyoemdvlh qy`fdve k` q÷imdfh- lpd{hv ghyoemdv{ev qevveyel e ipvfey ohrdkek`v ` dvvh-

lpd{ev r`w`v- fn`je e fhlqyhl`{`y e upemdkek` ` r`yefdkek` ke oh{ìfde/ H ìokdf` k` epkdçofde

ä p{dmdwekh fhlh lh`ke oh l`yfekh qpimdfd{åydh- h up` bew fhl up` hv qyhjyelev fhl ied~eepkdçofde v`gel vpiv{d{pìkhv qhy hp{yhv ledv yò{år`dv/ V`jpokh Idv{eo` ` Ief`mmey .9112$-



92

nhg` qyhjyelev fhl ied~e epkdçofde p{dmdwel k` q`vupdvev up` væh b`d{ev q`vupdvev q`mh

DIHQ@ e bdl k` y`fhoupdv{ey h q÷imdfh q`ykdkh/

H DIHQ@ bhd bpokekh- `l Væh Qepmh- `l 56 k` ledh k` 54;9- ` ä ple y`b`yçofde e{ähv kdev k` nhg`/ Fhlh ebdyle Jho{dgh .5442- q/91:$7 )E dlej`l kh Dov{d{p{h `v{å k`{em bhyle dkò{dbdfeke fhl e hqdodæh q÷imdfe ` ìokdf`v k` qhqpmeydkek`- up` vpe vdjme gå v` {yeovbhylhp `l vpiv{eo{drh ` ekg`{drh)/ .RDW@P- 9110- q/ :1$

Rdw`p .9110$ m`liye up` ev ejçofdev k` qyhqejeoke eqyhr`d{el `vvev dobhyleêæh qeye

y`fhlòkey e v`pv fmdò{`v hok` ä l`mnhy eopofdey/ @ `vvev eoåmdv`v yèmdwekev

fhov{eo{`lò{` lhv{yel h ìokdf` k` vòvdidmdkek` khv ghyoemdv{ev- up` {yeiemnel e oh{ìfde ev

ekeq{e ehv `b`d{hv ke epkdçofde/ Qeye Ihpykd`p .544:$- dvvh fhob`y` ple m`jd{dldkek`

k`lhfyå{dfe ` fhl`yfdem ehv qyhjyelev `l up`v{æh qyhlhròkh kdbpvæh fpm{pyem/

@l emjpov r`ìfpmhv- {`l,v` {yerekh dlòvev jp`yyev k` epkdçofde- qydofdqemlò{` fhl h

do{`y`vv` k` hi{`y e `~fmpvdrdkek` k` be{hv/ Ihpykd`p .544:$ m`liye up` lpd{hv fhqdel

bhyle{hv k` fhofhyyò{`v ` `vve ipvfe q`me hydjdoemdkek` efeie ieoemdweokh {hkh h {yeiemnh-

podbhyldweokh e bhyle k` bew`y h ghyoemdvlh/

Rdw`p .9110$ m`liye up` h ghyoemdv{e qey{` kh qy`vvpqhv{h k` up` e epkdçofde v` do{`y`vve `l

fhon`f`y up`l `ld{` hv be{hv/ @vv` {yeiemnh òrhmr` ple dofhyqhyeêæh k` dk`dev up` rdvel áek`væh kh q÷imdfh/

Gå Ihpykd`p .544:$ fhovdk`ye up` h felqh ghyoemìv{dfh qevve e v`y dobmpòfdekh k`rdkh eh

eplò{h kh q`vh vdliömdfh ke {`m`rdvæh ` {òk` e dlqhy,v` eh felqh ghyoemìv{dfh/ Qeye `m`

emjplev eêð`v ke fhofhyyçofde ò{y` {`m`rdvð`v v` lhv{ye ledv kdvqhv{h e {pkh q`me ipvfe kh

vòvefdhoem ` kh `~{yehykdoåydh- h up` `ye e{ydipìkh vhlò{` ehv ghyoedv fhon`fdkhv fhlh

vòvefdhoemdv{ev/

@~dv{`l fevhv k` rdhmçofde á ä{dfe q`mhv ghyoemdv{ev qeye emdlò{ey e fpydhvdkek` ke epkdçofde-

`vldpêeokh e rdke qydreke khv e{m`{ev ` kdydjò{`v/ Qeye Ipòh .9151$- h `vqhy{` oæh qhk` v`y

rdv{h k` ple bhyle dvhmeke khv evq`f{hv vhfdedv- fpm{pyedv- `fhoûldfhv ` qhmì{dfhv/ Upemup`y

do{òêæh k` v`qeyey bp{ìhm khv evq`f{hv vhfdedv fyde ple k`vfho{`~{pemdweêæh up` dlq`k` e

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94

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k`qhdv e ùpdq` k` qyhkpêæh {yhp~` h `~,ghjekhy kh Eläydfe- Gedy Ieme qeye e ieofeke-

em{`yoeokh fhl h ghyoemdv{e H{årdh kd [hm`kh/

@l hp{ye hfevdæh- e `ldvvhye gå nerde qyhkpwdkh pl qyhjyele fhl Febpoje ` e ò{yeke k`Kekå oh qyhjyele `ye rdv{e fhlh pl y`{hyoh áv hydjòv ke `ldvvhye- h up` qyhqhyfdhohp ple

ohre rdvæh khv ghjhv- k`v{e r`w eoemdvekhv qhy up`l gå rdròfdeye kò{yh khv felqhv `

fho{ere fhl h feydvle kh `~,ghjekhy ` vpe bhyle vdojpmey k` fhlò{ey hv be{hv/

H qydofdqem bhfh kh qyhjyele ä h bp{ìhm/ Væh yèmdwekev {eliäl fhi`y{pyev k` `rò{hv

y`mefdhoekhv e råydhv `vqhy{`v- qhyäl fhl lòhv byùýçofde/ Hv fhlò{eydv{ev qyhfpyel v`

eqy`vò{ey fhl feldvev k` v`pv {dl`v- iho`fhv k` v`pv fmpi`v ` hig`{hv qhpfh p{dmdwekhv `l

qyhjyelev kh v`jlò{h/

Qyhfpye,v` ekh{ey pl fmdle k` dobhylemdkek` oh `v{÷kdh- up` `l emjplev hfevdð`v y`fì` e

qy`vòêe k` ò{y`rdv{ekhv mdjekhv eh `vqhy{` `l Ldoev J`yedv- lev qhk`l v`y fhovdk`yekev

yeydkek`v/ @l emjpov fevhv e{ä fhordke q`vvhev kh l`dh qeye qey{dfdqey kh qyhjyele- lev

{pkh dvvh reyde fhl h lhlò{h kh ò{y`rdv{ekh ` e qyhg`êæh up` `vve ò{y`rdv{e {yeyå á `kdêæh-

lev v`lqy` fhl e hqêæh k` oæh bewç,me/

V`jpokh M`hqhmkh Vdup`dye59

/- hp{yev `ldvvhyev gå {ò{eyel fhqdey h bhyle{h kh qyhjyele/Fhl dvvh m`reyel do{`jyeo{`v kh qyhjyele ` {ò{eyel y`fydey `l hp{ye vd{peêæh h elidò{`/ E

y`f`q{drdkek` kh q÷imdfh fhl h qyhjyele- ` h ihl k`v`lqònh oe epkdçofde fn`jhp e

dofhlhkey hp{yev ldvvhyev- up` dofmpvdr` {ò{eyel fhqdey h bhyle{h k` ieofeke k`lhfyå{dfe/

@l 9119- e Jmhih fho{ye{hp Kekå Leyerdmne- ` `l hp{ye hfevdæh {ò{hp lho{ey ple ieofeke

fhl {hyf`khy`v/ Eohv k`qhdv- e Y`k` Y`fhyk b`w e l`vle {ò{e{dre fhl Kekå ` O`pi`y- lev

v`l vpf`vvh/

Fho{eokh e{pemlò{` fhl {yçv imhfhv- hok` v`lqy` v` beme qydhyd{eydelò{` khv fmpi`v

ldo`dyhv- h Em{`yhve @vqhy{` nhg` ipvfe y`fpyvhv k` dmpv{yeêæh ` nplhy- emdekhv á eqpyeêæh

kev oh{ìfdev/ Fhl h pvh k` ple mdojpej`l iev{eo{` qhqpmey- qevve,v` pl fmdle k` ‐Fhor`yve

`l yhkev k` eldjhv‒- fhlh k`vfy r` M`hqhmkh Vdup`dye V`l e qy`hfpqeêæh fhl h

‐ghyoemdv{dfelò{` fhyy`{h‒- ekh{e,v` ple qhv{pye rhm{eke á bhyle qhqpmey- fhl h pvh k`

jìydev- iydofek`dyev ` qdekev up` v` kdv{eofde kh ghyoemdvlh `vqhy{drh {yekdfdhoem/

Y`fpyvhv {è{yedv {çl vdkh feke r`w ledv fhlpov oev `kdêð`v kdåydev kh qyhjyele/ @~`lqmh

kdvvh ä e e{peêæh k` q`yvhoejòv fhlh e ‐Khoe V`jpokhoe‒ .Bdjpye 6$- up` bew empvæh eh

59 @o{y`rdv{e fhof`kdke eh q`vupdvekhy l 14(14(9155/



60

ydvfh k` yìed~elò{h rdrdkh q`mhv fmpi`v ldo`dyhv oe `kdêæh k` 9155 kh Felq`hoe{h

Iyevdm`dyh/

E y`jdhoemdkek` ä hp{yh be{h leyfeo{` kh qyhjyele/ @lihye eqy`vò{` le{äydev vhiy` hp{yhvfmpi`v q`mh Iyevdm- ` `l emjplev hfevdð`v e{ä k` hp{yhv qeìv`v- {ò{e,v` bhfey eh lå~dlh h

bp{ìhm `l Ldoev J`yedv/

E qyhkpêæh kh qyhjyele qyhfpye key `vqeêh e {hkhv hv fmpi`v ldo`dyhv- qyhqhyfdhoemlò{` e

v`p {eleonh ` {hyfdke/ Fmpi`v k` {hkev ev kdrdvð`v kh @v{ekh væh fd{ekhv- hp {`l {y`fnhv `

y`vpm{ekhv k` ghjhv lhv{yekhv/ E fhi`y{pye v` y`v{ydoj` e dvvh- l`vlh eqöv e eoåmdv` khv

le{`ydedv òrdekhv á qyhkpêæh/ Hp{yh `~`lqmh væh ev fe{`jhydev k` iev` khv fmpi`v up` oæh

{çl `vqeêh oe jyek`- `~f`{h `l fhlq`{dêð`v `vq`fìbdfev/ Qeye e qyhkpêæh- `vvev fhi`y{pyevoæh e{ye`l e e{òêæh kh q÷imdfh- ` qhy dvvh oæh efy`vfò{el oeke á epkdçofde kh qyhjyele/

V`jpokh M`hqhmkh Vdup`dye- ple kev qy`hfpqeêð`v ke kdy`êæh ä e ipvfe qhy ohrhv bhyle{hv

up` v` ekäup`l á bhyle e{pem/ Upekyhv up` òrhmrel hv e{m`{ev k`vv`v fmpi`v ` e{ä e

yèmdweêæh k` pl Yèmd{t Vnhz fnelekh ‐Feêe {emò{hv‒ gå bdw`yel qey{` kh qyhjyele- vòkh

up`- oh ÷m{dlh eoh- bhyel b`d{ev ‐qò`dyev‒ ò{y` jeyh{hv up` vhonerel `l v`y ghjekhy`v k`

bp{ìhm/ Hv ròf`khy`v bhyel òfeldonekhv ehv fmpi`v- vòkh up` h 6· fhmhfekh jeonhp e

hqhy{podkek` k` {y`doey oh Eläydfe Ldo`dyh/

E Em{`yhve nhg` fho{e fhl e qeyf`yde fhl e Yåkdh D{e{dede- hok` emjpov ghyoemdv{ev qyhkpw`l

le{`ydem qeye eliev ev lìkdev/ Oh fevh kh Em{`yhve @vqhy{` `vve qey{dfdqeêæh ä upev`

do`~dv{ò{`/

Hv le{`ydedv væh òrdekhv q`mev {yçv vpfpyvedv `vqemnekev q`mh @v{ekh- `vq`fdbdfelò{` `l

Reyjdone- Gpdw k` Bhye ` Kdrdoöqhmdv- emäl ke fhmeihyeêæh kh qhy{em Ped ` le{`ydem rdokh k`

fmpi`v/ E `kdêæh k` le{äydev efho{`f` e{ä ohv ÷m{dlhv lhlò{hv- l`vlh fhl h qyhjyele oh

ey/



62

6/6 Jmhih @vqhy{`

E Y`k` Jmhih k` [`m`rdvæh ä fhovdk`yeke e ÷odfe `ldvvhye k` vdoem ei`y{h oh Qeìv up` oæh

qhvvpd qyhjyelev k` kìe{` `vqhy{drh oh `v{dmh ‐l`ve y`khoke‒/ Oh ò{eo{h- qhy v`y k`{ò{hye

khv kdy`d{hv k` {yeovldvvæh k` råydhv felq`hoe{hv- dofmpvdr` h Iyevdm`dyh k` bp{ìhm- emäl k`

hp{yev lhkemdkek`v vqhy{drev- {`l pl v`{hy vq`fdemdwekh l fhiydy {edv rò{hv/

E `ldvvhye fydhp råydhv bhyle{hv ghyoemìv{dfhv- up` ræh k`vk` h ‐Fò{yem ke Fhqe‒- rhm{ekh e

fhi`y{pyev `vq`fdedv `l äqhfev kh lpokdem e{ä h @vqhy{` @vq`{efpmey- ple y`rdv{e `m`{yûodfe

`vq`fdemdweke `l `vqhy{`v/

H Jmhih @vqhy{` vpyjdp ke o`f`vvdkek` k` vpiv{d{pdy pl qyhjyele `vq`fdem fydekh

`~fmpvdrelò{` qeye e Fhqe kh Lpokh ke Eyjò{doe- h ‐Fhqe Iyevdm‒/ Fhlh e ef`d{eêæh kh

qyhjyele bhd iev{eo{` qhvd{dre- rdp,v` ò{æh fhlh rdår`m e fydeêæh k` pl qyhjyele oe l`vle

mdone- qhyäl q`yleoò{` ` rhm{ekh e key oh{ìfdev vhiy` h `vqhy{` `l j`yem/

Fhovdk`yekh h qydl`dyh qyhjyele `vqhy{drh kdåydh ke [R iyevdm`dye- h Jmhih @vqhy{` m`rhp eh

ey vpe qydl`dye `kdêæh `l 5; k` ejhv{h k` 54:>/ V`lqy` áv 59n;0- nhyåydh up` leo{äl e{`

nhg`- h ghyoemìv{dfh eqy`vò{ekh qhy Mäh Ie{dv{e {done kpyeêæh läkde up` reydere ò{y` 51 ` 50

ldop{hv/ E `kdêæh k` `v{y`de {yhp~` fhlh k`v{eup` e fhoupdv{e kh {ì{pmh k` Felq`æh

Iyevdm`dyh q`mh Jpeyeod k` Felqdoev/

H qyhjyele nhg` {`l vpe `kdêæh oefdhoem- qyhkpwdke oh Ydh k` Geo`dyh/ Fho{e {eliäl fhl

`kdêð`v y`jdhoedv- fhl kpyeêæh läkde k` 91 ldop{hv ` up` væh qyhkpwdkhv `l kdb`yò{`v

@v{ekhv iyevdm`dyhv/ Emäl k` Væh Qepmh- {eliäl fho{e fhl ev r`yvð`v b`d{ev `l Ldoev

J`yedv- Qeyå- Le{h Jyhvvh kh Vpm- Le{h Jyhvvh- Ydh Jyeok` kh Vpm- Veo{e Fe{eydoe- Qeyeoå-

Iende ` V`yjdq`/

E böylpme ke Jmhih- ple ldv{pye k` ‐nplhy‒- ‐erò{pye‒ ` ‐ghyoemdvlh‒ ‖ `v{`÷m{dlh oh vò{dkh `v{yd{h kh {`ylh- vdjodbdfeokh eqpyeêæh- qyhkpêæh ` kdrpmjeêæh k`dobhyleêð`v k` do{`y`vv` fhm`{drh , v` fhovhmdkere/ Do{`y`vveke `l fhoupdv{ey feker`w ledv `vq`f{ekhy`v- ohv eohv 41 e kdy`{hyde k` `vqhy{`v ke `ldvvhye- fhl iev` `lq`vupdvev- q`yfì`p up` h feldonh `ye e bdk`mdweêæh kh q÷imdfh b`ldodoh/ @~didkhoh nhyåydh kh emlhêh- h Jmhih @vqhy{` fho{e fhl e epkdçofde kev khoev k` feveup`- k` pl lhkh hp k` hp{yh- ohylemlò{` `v{æh `l v`pv mey`v o`v{` nhyåydh/.JHYD[H ` N@MEM- 911:- q/6$



6:

Ev `kdêð`v y`jdhoedv eqy`vò{el ple fh,k`qòkçofde ke oefdhoem/ Fhl le{äydev qyhkpwdkev

y`jdhoemlò{`- ùpdq` qyöqyde ` f`y{e ‐mdi`ykek` `kd{hydem‒/ Qhyäl oh{e,v` up` nå ple jyeok`

remhydweêæh k` oh{ìfdev y`me{drev e fmpi`v kh `d~h Ydh(VQ/

H qyhjyele bhd v` ekùpeokh áv o`f`vvdkek`v kh l`yfekh ` eqy`vò{eokh bhyle{hv

kdb`yòfdekhv- v`lqy` fhl h òbhup` ke oh{ìfde `l qydl`dyh qmeoh- v`jpdokh h qekyæh Jmhih

k` ghyoemdvlh/ Ehv qhpfhv bhd v` beldmdeydweokh fhl e dk`de k` pody dobhyleêæh eh

ò{y`{òdlò{h/ Q`mh lòhv `vve {`l vdkh ple k` vpev qydofdqedv eqhv{ev ohv ÷m{dlhv eohv/

Oh eoh k` 911>- upeokh fhlqm`{hp 61 eohv- qevvhp qhy jyeok` y`bhylpmeêæh up` dofmpìe

fòåydhv- ledhy {yeiemnh k` ey{` ` do{`yeêæh fhl h fòåydh rdy{pem/ 56

Oæh v` {`l y`jdv{yhv vhiy` e fydeêæh ke r`yvæh ldo`dye kh oh{dfdåydh/ Vei`,v`- qhyäl up`{hkev ev `kdêð`v y`jdhoedv {yeiemnel fhl h l`vlh bhyle{h oefdhoem/ H fòåydh ä pl

`~`lqmh ke podbhyldkek` kev `kdêð`v- v`jpdokh fyd{`ydhvelò{` h lhk`mh ke r`yvæh feydhfe/

H qyhjyele dofmpvdr` ò{ye ‐`l y`k`‒ `l vd{peêð`v `vq`fdedv/

Råydhv eqy`vò{ekhy`v qevveyel q`mh Jmhih @vqhy{` LJ- kò{y` `m`v B`yoeokh Vevvh ` ledv

y`fò{`lò{ e ghyoemdv{e M`{ìfde Yòoe .Bdjpye 0$- up` fhleokhp e e{yeêæh k` 9116 e 9155/

@l geo`dyh k` 9114 h ghyoemdv{e [dejh M`db`y{ evvpldp e eqy`vò{eêæh kh Jmhih @vqhy{` `lVæh Qepmh ` `l v`jpdke qevvhp e v`y h ohrh `kd{hy,fn`b` ke e{yeêæh oh `v{ekh/ Vpe bhyle

k`vfho{yeìke k` eqy`vò{ey- kdvqòveokh h pvh k` {`m`qyhlq{`y ` y`vvem{eokh e `vqho{eo`dkek`

kh eqy`vò{ekhy fhl`êhp e dobmpòfdey ev kdêð`v kh qyhjyele qyhkpwdkev l {hkh h Qeìv/

E `kdêæh ldo`dye kh qyhjyele bhd ple kev up` ledv {`lqh k`lhyhp `l ek`ydy e `vv` ohrh

qekyæh/ E ghyoemdv{e väyde up` eqy`vò{ere ev oh{ìfdev kh `vqhy{` bhd vpiv{d{pìke qhy pl ghr`l

y`qöy{`y ` oeyyekhy- Leyfhv Mèokyh .Bdjpye 2$ up` qyhfpye fhmhfey dobhylemdkek` `

`vqho{eo`dkek` `l pl bhyle{h up` v` {hyohp leyfe y`jdv{yeke kh qyhjyele- v`l kdvqòvey ev‐qdekdonev‒ ` ydvekev oev fnelekev k` le{äydev/

H Jmhih @vqhy{` Ldoev {`l fhlh `kd{hy,fn`b` Eyleokh Hmdr`dye- ùpdq`v k` y`qhy{ejòv

fhl Ghvdoh Ydi`dyh- Ledye M`lhv- @m{ho Ohredv- Hkdmho Eleyem ` eqy`vò{eêæh k` Leyfhv

Mèokyh/ @l hfevdð`v `vq`fdedv fho{e fhl hv fhlò{åydhv k` Leyfdh Y`wòk`- bemeokh vhiy`

meof`v k` eyid{yej`l/ Ihi Beyde ` Yhjäydh Fhyy`de eqy`vò{el emjplev `kdêð`v kh oh{dfdåydh-

emäl k` e{pey`l fhlh fhlò{eydv{ev/

56 Fhl dobhyleêð`v ke Zdcdq`kde/



6>

Fhl pl `v{dmh ledv fhov`yrekhy k` eqy`vò{ey- h qyhjyele `~q`ydlò{hp emjplev em{`yeêð`v

oh bhyle{h/ O`v{` eoh eqy`vò{hp h fhofpyvh ke ‐Lpve kh Iyevdm`dyæh‒- v`lqy` kò{yh kh

bhfh qydofdqem up` ä qydhydwey h bp{ìhm/ Hp{yhv `vqhy{`v jeonel qùpòh `vqeêh oe

qyhjyeleêæh/ @l ipvfe k` dohreêæh- `l 9119 fho{ye{hp Kekå Leyerdmne qeye fhlò{ey

ghjhv- ` `l hp{ye hfevdæh eqhv{hp oe fydeêæh k` ple ‐ieofeke k` {hyf`khy`v‒- {ò{e{drev `vvev

up` oæh hi{dr`yel vpf`vvh/

E{pemlò{` òfho{ye,v` qhpfh le{`ydem vhiy` ev hydjòv ` qydofdqedv evq`f{hv kh qyhjyele/

Qyhfpyeke q`mh q`vupdvekhy- e kdy`êæh kh l`vlh dobhylhp oæh ep{hydwey h efhlqeonelò{h

k` v`p qyhf`vvh k` qyhkpêæh- dlqhvvdidmd{eokh ple ò{y`rdv{e {äfodfe hp hiv`yreêæh oæh

qey{dfdqe{dre/



64

; @V[PKH K@ FEVH

;/5 L`{hkhmhjde

Fhlh eqy`vò{ekh ohv feqì{pmhv eo{`ydhy`v- e q`vupdve v` qyhqð` e k`vòrhmr`y pl `v{pkh

vhiy` e dlej`l khv fmpi`v ldo`dyhv kpyeo{` qey{` kh felq`hoe{h Iyevdm`dyh k` Bp{ìhm-

`vq`fdbdfelò{` h Eläydfe Bp{ìhm Fmpi`/ Vhiy` e fhi`y{pye- hiv`yrhp,v` hv qyhjyelevEm{`yhve @vqhy{` ` Jmhih @vqhy{` eh Eläydfe Bp{ìhm Fmpi` oh eoh k` 9155/

Qeye dvvh- bhd yèmdwekh pl iy`r` y`me{h vhiy` e vhfdhmhjde kh `vqhy{`- fho{eokh vpev

qydofdqedv feyef{`yìv{dfev ` be{hy`v up` bdw`yel kh bp{ìhm h ò{y`{òdlò{h ledv up`ydkh q`me

qhqpmeêæh iyevdm`dye/ @l v`jpdke- qevvhp,v` q`mhv qydofdqedv evq`f{hv kh ghyoemdvlh `vqhy{drh

` e fydeêæh ke r`yvæh {`m`rdvdre up` efhlqeone e yèmdkek` khv fmpi`v- qeyem`melò{` áv

{yeovldvvð`v khv ghjhv/

Hv qyhjyelev `vqhy{drhv kdåydhv jeoneyel `vqeêh e oìr`m oefdhoem/ Efhlqeoneokh `vv`

fy`vfdlò{h- vpyjdyel {eliäl eup`m`v qyhkpwdkhv `l Ldoev J`yedv- up` ipvfel dobhyley

v`p q÷imdfh e y`vq`d{h k` fhlq`{dêð`v ` oh{ìfdev `l j`yem òrhmròkh ev qydofdqedv

lhkemdkek`v `vqhy{drev/ Fhlh i`l m`liyhp Fh`mnh.911>$- h ledhy `vqeêh ä kekh eh bp{ìhm-

v`p oh{dfdåydh ` fhlq`{dêð`v up` bew`l qey{` k`v{` fho{`~{h/

H qydofdqem bhfh khv qyhjyelev ä- dodfdemlò{`- eihykey {`lev rhm{ekhv eh `vqhy{` oh `v{ekh/

Oh{e,v` emjplev `~f`êð`v- hok` fmpi`v k` hp{yev y`jdð`v kh qeìv jeonel ledhy `vqeêh oeqep{e kh kde/

Qeye e yèmdweêæh ke q`vupdve- bhyel p{dmdwekev ev v`jpdo{`v l`{hkhmhjdev7

• Q`vupdve khfplò{em ‖ Ipvfhp,v` dobhyleêð`v e y`vq`d{h kh fmpi` ` ke ndv{öyde khv

qyhjyelev eoemdvekhv/ Dob`mdwlò{` bhyel òfho{yekev qhpfev bho{`v idimdhjyåbdfev-

vòkh up` e ledhy qey{` kev dobhyleêð`v bhyel hi{dkev rde do{`yo`{/



;1

• Hiv`yreêæh oæh qey{dfdqeo{` ‖ H q`vupdvekhy yèmdwhp rdvd{ev qyhjyelekev eh Eläydfe

Bp{ìhm Fmpi`- á y`keêæh kh Em{`yhve @vqhy{` ` {ò{hp h l`vlh gpo{h eh Jmhih

@vqhy{`- up` oæh ep{hydwhp vpe dke/

• @o{y`rdv{ev fhl y`vqhovår`dv ‖ Oe hqhy{podkek` kev rdvd{ev- h q`vupdvekhy yèmdwhp

ò{y`rdv{ev fhl h y`vqhovår`m q`me fhlpodfeêæh kh Eläydfe bp{ìhm Fmpi` ` h `kd{hy,

fn`b` ` eqy`vò{ekhy kh Em{`yhve @vqhy{`/ Qyhfpyeke- odojpäl ke ùpdq` kh Jmhih

@vqhy{` fhof`k`p ò{y`rdv{e/

• Eoåmdv` k` qyhjyelev ‖ Qeye {em eoåmdv`- bhyel fhm`{ekev 91 elhv{yev khv qyhjyelev

fd{ekhv- v`lqy` `l ke{ev eo{`ydhy`v ` qhv{`ydhy`v ehv ghjhv kh fmpi`/ Hv `qdvökdhv

jyerekhv ræh k` 14(1>(9155 e 51(51(9155/ @o{y` `m`v bhyel `vfhmndkev upe{yh `kdêð`vk` feke- up` v`yæh k`vfyd{hv e v`jpdy/

;/9 Qyhjyelev v`m`fdhoekhv7

@o{y` ev 51 `kdêð`v k` feke qyhjyele- jyerekev `l ke{ev up` eo{`f`k`yel hp vpf`k`yel

ghjhv kh Eläydfe Bp{ìhm fmpi`- bhyel v`m`fdhoekhv > `kdêð`v .; k` feke oh{dfdåydh$

jyerekhv oev l`vlev ke{ev/ E v`jpdy k`vfy`r`l,v` ev `vfemekev ` ev qydofdqedv hiv`yreêð`v

b`d{ev e qey{dy khv l`vlhv/

5 · fevh ‖‖ 54§ yhkeke kh Felq`hoe{h Iyevdm`dyh- up` efho{`f`p `l 54(1>(9155 fhl ghjh

ò{y` Eläydfe ` Væh Qepmh- up` {`yldohp fhl h qmefey k` 5 ~5/ Hv qyhjyelev v`jpdyel e

v`jpdo{` `vfemeke7



;5

Em{`yhve @vqhy{` Jmhih @vqhy{`

5· imhfh7Fhlò{åydhv kh ghjh kh Eläydfe `jhm kh e{m`{e C`lq`vQy`qeyeêæh kh Fypw`dyh qeye h ghjh`l Pi`yméokdeLe{äyde vhiy` ydvfhv k` yìed~elò{hkh E{mä{dfh

9· imhfh7Fhlqef{h khv ghjhv ke yhkeke q`mhqeìv # rdvpemdweêæh ke {ei`meFhlqef{h kh ghjh Eläydfe ~ VæhQepmh

K`vq`kdke k` [ndejh Ydi`dyh khFypw`dyh@m`dêæh ke B`k`yeêæh Ldo`dye k`Bp{ìhm

6· imhfhFn`jeke k` Ihiû eh Fypw`dyhDlejòv k` {hyf`khy`v ‐fhyo`{eokh‒

h {dl` kh EläydfeYdfeykh Ipòh qyhf`vve h E{mä{dfh

5· ImhfhFmdle {òvh oh E{mä{dfh v`jpdkh k`dlejòv kh qyh{`v{h oe v`k` kh fmpi`L`mnhy`v lhlò{hv kh ghjh khEläydfe .fhlò{åydh vhiy` h jhm k`C`lq`v$Oh{e vhiy` h ghjh k` Ihe `vqhy{`FmpiÒh{ìfde ke `m`dêæh k` B`k`yeêæhLdo`dye

9· ImhfhQy`qeyeêæh kh Fypw`dyh qeye h

qyö~dlh ghjhL`mnhy`v meof`v kh ghjh khBmelòjh- .fhl jyeok` k`v{eup`qeye Yhoemkh je÷fnh- up` evvdv{de eh

ghjh$- le{äyde fhl 6„ Fneleke qeye e L`de leye{hoe ohkhldojh v`jpdo{`

6· ImhfhOh{ìfdev khv k`ledv ghjhv ke yhkekeFn`jeke k` [ydjpdonh eh E{mä{dfhFneleke qeye {yeovldvvæh k` rûm`db`ldodoh- v`jpdke k` le{äyde vhiy` ev`m`êæh/

H qyhjyele Em{`yhve @vqhy{` fhl`êhp keokh {h{em e{òêæh ehv fmpi`v ldo`dyhv/ H qyhjyele

eqy`vò{hp hv l`mnhy`v lhlò{hv kh ghjh fho{ye h Væh Qepmh ` h fhlò{eydv{e H{årdh kd

[hm`kh p{dmdwhp,v` k` iydofek`dyev qeye dmpv{yey h jhm k` ‐idfdfm`{e‒ b`d{h q`mh ghjekhy

C`lq`v/

H eqy`vò{ekhy {eliäl ipvfere fhlò{ey fhdvev y`b`yò{`v eh fmpi` ` vpe vd{peêæh e{pem-

fd{eokh h `rdkò{` ydvfh k` yìed~elò{h qeye e väyd` I/ @l ple iydofek`dye b`d{e qhy ple

q`yvhoej`l fhon`fdke fhlh ‐Khoe V`jpokhoe‒ .Bdjpye 6$- h E{mä{dfh ldo`dyh ä fd{ekh fhlh

pl khv qydofdqedv ‐fhlqeon`dyhv‒ kh fmpi` oe 9§ kdrdvæh/

H v`jpokh imhfh kh qyhjyele {yhp~` h Fhlqef{h ke yhkeke- fhl hv qydofdqedv ghjhv q`mh

qeìv/ Oh{e,v` up` h {`lqh k`kdfekh ehv fmpi`v `l j`yem oæh pm{yeqevvhp e 5 ldop{h- òupeo{h

h fhlqef{h vhiy` h ghjh kh Eläydfe bhd vpq`ydhy e 6 ldop{hv/



;9

Oe l`vle `kdêæh kh qyhjyelev- qûk`,v` oh{ey ple kdrdvæh qey`fdke ò{y` h {`lqh kh

Eläydfe ` khv k`ledv fmpi`v k` LJ- up` edoke oh ÷m{dlh imhfh lhv{yhp ev ‐fhyo`{ekev‒ khv

{hyf`khy`v el`ydfeohv/

H l`vlh qyhjyele {yhp~` oh{ìfdev khv hp{yhv fmpi`v ldo`dyhv- dofmpvdr` kh Ihe @vqhy{` up`

e{pemlò{` ghje oe väyd` I/ K` ple leo`dye j`yem h Eläydfe fho{hp fhl `vqeêh v`l`mneo{`

eh k` Fypw`dyh ` E{mä{dfh- ` vpq`ydhy eh k` fmpi`v kh y`v{eo{` kh qeìv/

Gå h qyhjyele Jmhih @vqhy{` k` l`vle ke{e eqy`vò{hp k` bhyle yåqdke hv l`mnhy`v meof`v

kh ghjh/ K`v{eup` qeye h fhlò{åydh kh eqy`vò{ekhy Yhjäydh Fhyy`de- up` q`kdp y`qydv` `

bemhp vhiy` h jhm kh ghjekhy C`lq`v- y`vvem{eokh e ihe e{peêæh kh fmpi`- eq`vey kh `lqe{`/

H y`v{eo{` kh imhfh fho{hp fhl oh{ìfde vhiy` h E{mä{dfh ` Ihe @vqhy{`- emäl k` bemey ke

`m`dêæh oe B`k`yeêæh Ldo`dye k` Bp{ìhm/

E rhm{e kh do{`yremh bhd leyfeke qhy ple le{äyde fpy{e vhiy` h Fypw`dyh ` `l v`jpdke

fhl`êhp,v` e bemey vhiy` h Bmelòjh/ Qhy upev` ; ldop{hv lhv{yeyel ghjekhy`v- k`{emn`v kh

ghjh kh {dl` feydhfe/ E fhi`y{pye jdyhp `l {hyoh k` Yhoemkh Je÷fnh- up` bhd fd{ekh `l

upev` {hke e le{äyde- fhl kdy`d{h e ple fél`ye up` efhlqeonere ev `~qy`vvð`v befdedv kh

ghjekhy òupeo{h evvdv{de eh ghjh oe feido`/

@vv` be{h m`liye e dk`de k` Yhi`y{h KeLe{{e .9112$ - up` beme vhiy` e dlej`l kh e{m`{e

`rdkòfdeke ` ld{dbdfeke q`mh `vqhy{`/ H qyhjyele lhv{yhp- `l jyeok` qey{` ke le{äyde ev

`~qy`vvð`v befdedv k` Yhoemkh Je÷fnh- up` evvdv{de k` feleyh{` h ghjh kh Bmelòjh/ Ple

fél`ye `~fmpvdre efhlqeonere hv lhrdlò{hv kh ghjekhy/

Fhofmpd,v` up` hv `kd{hy`v gpmjel ledv dlqhy{eo{`v ev oh{ìfdev kh `d~h Ydh(VQ- k`d~eokh

fmeye e qy`b`yçofde ke `ldvvhye fhl {edv {yeovldvvð`v/ Fhlh o`vv` fevh- hok` h Jmhih

@vqhy{` y`kpw h {`lqh k` `~didêæh kev le{äydev rhm{ekev ehv fmpi`v ldo`dyhv ` k`kdfe l`{ek`

k` pl imhfh qeye `~didy oh{ìfdev kh {dl` feydhfe/

H ÷m{dlh imhfh kh qyhjyele fd{hp hv k`ledv ghjhv ke yhkeke ` edoke bemhp vhiy` e fn`jeke k`

pl ohrh ghjekhy eh E{mä{dfh Ldo`dyh- {`yldoeokh fhl ple yåqdke fneleke qeye e

{yeovldvvæh kh rûm`d b`ldodoh- up` efho{`f`yde oh kde v`jpdo{`/



;6

9· fevh ‖‖ 96§ yhkeke kh Felq`hoe{h Iyevdm`dyh- `l 59(14(9155- eqöv h ghjh ò{y` Eläydfe `

Ereì- {`yldoekh fhl qmefey k` 1~1/ Hv qyhjyelev v`jpdyel e v`jpdo{` `vfemeke7

Em{`yhve @vqhy{` Jmhih @vqhy{`75· Imhfh

[hyfdke y`fìòkh Fypw`dyh `qyh{`v{eokhLe{äyde vhiy` e {hyfdke oh ghjh khe{mä{dfh@o{y`rdv{e fhl Lejoh Emr`v Ì`yoeyk oh bdl k` ghjh .E{mä{dfh$L`mnhy`v meof`v khv ghjhv q`mhIyevdm

9· ImhfhFhlqef{h k` ghjh kh Fypw`dyhfho{ye Veo{hvLäkdfh beme vhiy` fho{pvæh k`jhm`dyh Båidh .fypw`dyh$

6· ImhfhFhlqef{h kh ghjh kh E{mä{dfhLe{äyde vhiy` `yyhv k` eyid{yej`l oh

Fypw`dyhFhlqef{h ghjh Eläydfe 9„ Fhlò{åydh k` Fpfe vhiy` h E{mä{dfh

Imhfh 5Le{äydev vhiy` h ghjh kh fypw`dyhFhlò{åydh ke eyid{yej`lLe{äyde vhiy` Eläydfe ~ Ereì 61‒ Y`vplh khv jhmv ke yhkeke

Imhfh 9Qyh{`v{h ke {hyfdke oe fn`jeke khfypw`dyh

Oh{ìfde ke väyd` K ‖ rd{öyde kh [pqdGBFn`jeke khv ghjekhy`v ke V`m`êæhIyevdm`dyeV`m`êæh iyevdm`dye k` ievup`{`levfpmdoh

Imhfh 6Bhylpme 5 ‖ JQ k` LhoweFhi`y{pye k` E{mä{dfh Iende

H Em{`yhve @vqhy{` fhl`êhp lhv{yeokh khdv `qdvökdhv up` òrhmr`yel ev {hyfdkev k` fmpi`v

ldo`dyhv/ Oe qydl`dye- h Fypw`dyh `ye y`fìdkh vhi qyh{`v{h oh e`yhqhy{h/ Gå oe v`jpoke- h

qyh{`v{h r`dh qeye h E{mä{dfh kpyeo{` h ghjh/ @l v`jpdke bhyel hprdkhv 9 ghjekhy`v kh fmpi`-

up` fhlò{eyel ev fyd{dfev/

K` bhyle yåqdke- bhd òf`yyekh h imhfh fhl hv l`mnhy`v lhlò{hv khv ghjhv hfhyydkhv q`mh

Iyevdm/

H v`jpokh imhfh {yhp~` h fhlqef{h kh ghjh ò{y` Fypw`dyh ` Veo{hv/ Qhk`,v` kdw`y up` e

qydhydkek` o`v{e qey{` kh qyhjyele bhd keke eh fmpi` f`m`v{`- ` {`yldohp fhl ò{y`rdv{e b`d{e

fhl h läkdfh kh fmpi` bemeokh ke fho{pvæh kh jhm`dyh Båidh- ` up` y`vpm{hp `l v`p fhy{` ke

mdv{e k` fhorhfekhv qeye e v`m`êæh Iyevdm`dye/



;;

Oh ÷m{dlh lhlò{h kh qyhjyele bhd y`v`yrekh pl lhlò{h k` `~didêæh ` eoåmdv` kh ghjh kh

Eläydfe Ldo`dyh/ Lev dvvh v` k`p k` bhyle y`kpwdke- ple r`w up` jyeok` qey{` kh imhfh v`

y`b`yde e oh{ìfdev kh Fypw`dyh ` E{mä{dfh/

E fhokdêæh kh Eläydfe oe whoe k` yìed~elò{h fhmhfhp h fmpi` `l vd{peêæh k` lòhy

k`v{eup` ò{y` hv r`ìfpmhv k` fhlpodfeêæh/ V` qhy pl mekh e qhvvdidmdkek` {hyohp h fmpi`

lòhv e{ye{drh- qhy hp{yh nhpr` kh Em{`yhve @vqhy{` e dk`de k` iydofey fhl e vd{peêæh-

fydeokh q`yvhoejòv fhlh e ‐khoe V`jpokhoe‒ ` h ‐beo{evle kh yìed~elò{h‒ .Bdjpye ;$/

H Jmhih @vqhy{` k` l`vle ke{e fhl`êhp bemeokh kev qhm`ldfe òrhmròkh e eyid{yej`l oh

ghjh kh Fypw`dyh/ @l v`jpdke- bhyel fhordkekhv e qey{dfdqey kh kìe{` hv fhlò{eydv{ev Ihi

Beyde ` Låyfdh Y`vòk` .bdjpye 2$/

E le{äyde vhiy` h ghjh kh Eläydfe kpyhp 61 v`jpokhv- ` `l v`jpdke h òf`yyelò{h kh imhfh

v` k`p fhl h y`vplh khv jhmv ke yhkeke/

Oh v`jpokh imhfh bhd lhv{yekh h qyh{`v{h ke {hyfdke fypw`dyòv` ` fd{eke yeqdkelò{` e

rd{öyde kh [pqd .GB$/ H k`v{eup`- oh ò{eo{h bhd e fn`jeke khv ghjekhy`v ke V`m`êæh

Iyevdm`dye- fhl k`v{eup` qeye Yhoemkh Je÷fnh ` O`tley/

H ÷m{dlh imhfh k`v{e `kdêæh {yhp~` ev oh{ìfdev ke Böylpme 5- vhiy` h JQ k` Lhowe up` v`yde

{yeovld{dkh q`me `ldvvhye oh bdl k` v`leoe qyö~dlh/

H qyhjyele bhd òf`yyekh eqöv lhv{yey- k` bhyle yåqdke ` fhl qhpfhv fhlò{åydhv- hv

l`mnhy`v lhlò{hv kh ghjh kh e{mä{dfh

6· fevh ‖ 9;§ yhkeke kh Felq`hoe{h Iyevdm`dyh- `l 54(14(9155 ‖ Eo{`v kh Fmåvvdfh ò{y`

Eläydfe Fypw`dyh ‖ 1~1/ Hv qyhjyelev v`jpdyel e v`jpdo{` `vfemeke7


5· ImhfhK`vfho{yeêæh oe Fdkek` kh Jemh

9· ImhfhLe{`lå{dfh beme vhiy` ydvfhv k`yìed~elò{h khv {dl`v ldo`dyhv

5· ImhfhQy`qeyeêæh kh Iyevdm qeye e fhqeF`ydlûode k` doepjpyeêæh kh y`möjdh

ke FhqeY`fhykeêð`v k` meof`v kev fhqev@o{y`rdv{e fhl y`vqhovår`dv q`me



;0

6· ImhfhGhjh Lev{`yv kev Eläydfev@o{y`rdv{e fhl Kd`jh Yòeo

.Fypw`dyh$Ebev{elò{h k` Qe{ydf- oh E{mä{dfhFypw`dyh ` e qy`qeyeêæh qeye hfmåvvdfhFevelò{h kh jhm`dyh Yòeo Ydi`dyh.e{mä{dfh$@yyhv k` jyereêæh .Jhm fho{ye$

hiye

9· Imhfh[y`doelò{h kh E{mä{dfh

Qy`qeyeêæh kh fypw`dyh qeye hFmåvvdfhQyh{`v{h khv bpofdhoåydhv ke hiye khLdo`dyæh‐Jdyh‒ q`mev hiyev `l {hkh h Iyevdm

6· ImhfhEodleêæh vhiy` h Ohrh Ldo`dyæh@o{y`rdv{e fhl hv hq`yåydhv khLdo`dyæh

Em{`yhve @vqhy{` eqy`vò{hp o`vv` kde ple vdjodbdfe{dre lpkeoêe oh {eleonh k` v`pv imhfhv-

fhofò{yeokh e ledhy qey{` kev oh{ìfdev qeye h bdl kh qyhjyele/ E `kdêæh fhl`êhp fhl e

fhi`y{pye kh {y`doelò{h kh E{mä{dfh- lhv{yeokh h fmdle k` {òvæh rdrdkh q`mhv e{m`{ev/

H v`jpokh imhfh bhd do{`dyelò{` k`kdfekh eh `v{e{ìv{dfh Khldojhv Vårdh Iedæh- up` eoemdvhp

hv ydvfhv k` up`ke khv fmpi`v iyevdm`dyhv/

Qhy bdl- h ÷m{dlh imhfh fhofò{yhp h ledhy o÷l`yh k` le{äydev ke `kdêæh/ Fhl`êhp bemeokh

vhiy` h ghjh ‐Lev{`yv‒ oh upem h fhlò{eydv{e Kekå Leyerdmne qey{dfdqhp ke ei`y{pye- qevvhp

qhy evvpo{hv y`me{drhv eh Fypw`dyh- E{mä{dfh- emäl k` fd{ey fevelò{h k` e{m`{e ` lhv{yey `yyhv

k` jyereêæh/

Oæh nhpr` oònple le{äyde vhiy` h fmpi`- ` e ÷odfe hqhy{podkek` `l up` h Eläydfe bhd

fd{ekh v` k`p oe le{äyde k` qy`qeyeêæh kh Fypw`dyh/ @l rävq`ye k` fmåvvdfh ldo`dyh- vhlò{`

pl khv {dl`v bhd oh{dfdekh/

H Jmhih @vqhy{` bhd do{`dyelò{` {yeovld{dkh kh Ldo`dyæh .Bdjpye :$- upeokh bem{erel 5111

kdev qeye h doìfdh ke fhqe kh Lpokh oh Iyevdm/ [hkh h fho{`÷kh kh qyhjyele bhd rhm{ekh qeye

h `rò{h- up` fho{hp fhl e qy`vòêe k` råydev q`vvhev k` `~qy`vvæh oh Qeìv- fhlh e

Qy`vdkò{` Kdmle Yhpvv`bb ` Q`mä/

E ei`y{pye kh qyhjyele lhv{yhp e qy`qeyeêæh kh Qeìv qeye h `rò{h- emäl k` lhv{yey e

doepjpyeêæh kh y`möjdh ke Fhqe/ H imhfh òf`yyhp,v` fhl y`fhykeêð`v khv qydofdqedv meof`vkev fhqev qevvekev/



;2

Oh v`jpokh imhfh h qyhjyele gå fhl`êhp eihykeokh {`lev vhiy` hv fmpi`v ldo`dyhv/

Lhv{yhp h {yeiemnh k` {y`doelò{h kh E{mä{dfh- e qy`qeyeêæh kh fypw`dyh qeye h Fmåvvdfh

.fho{ye h Eläydfe$- lev v`l bemey e y`vq`d{h k`v{`/

Qyh{`v{h khv bpofdhoåydhv ke hiye kh Ldo`dyæh ` ev dlejòv kev hiyev q`mhv `v{åkdhv `l {hkh

h Iyevdm of`yyeyel h imhfh/

E ÷m{dle qey{` kh qyhjyele k`kdfhp,v` e lhv{yey `l ple eodleêæh fhlh bdfeyå h Ldo`dyæh

eqöv e ò{y`je- òf`yyeokh h evvpo{h fhl ple ò{y`rdv{e fhl hv hq`yåydhv up` oe y`bhyle kh

Ldo`dyæh/

;· fevh ‖ 9>§ yhkeke kh Felq`hoe{h Iyevdm`dyh- `l 51(51(9155 ‖ Eqöv h Fmåvvdfh ò{y`

Eläydfe ` E{mä{dfh Ldo`dyh up` {`yldohp fhl h qmefey k` 1~1/ Hv qyhjyelev v`jpdyel e

v`jpdo{` `vfemeke7


5· ImhfhFhlqef{h kh ghjh E{mä{dfh ÈläydfeL`mnhy`v lhlò{hv khv ghjhv q`mhqeìv

9· ImhfhLedv meof`v khv ghjhv ke yhkeke khbdl k` v`leoe@o{yeke k` Kekå Leyerdmne eh rdrh

oe Qyeêe :

6· ImhfhQy`vdkò{` kh Fypw`dyh beme vhiy`veìke kh ghjekhy Jdmi`y{hMeof`v qhmçldfhv kh fmåvvdfhMeof`v kh ghjh ke väyd` I ‐Ihe

@vqhy{`‒ Ledv lhlò{hv kh Fmåvvdfh ‖ meof`vk` eyid{yej`lLho{dmmh beme vhiy` qhvvìr`m veìke khFypw`dyh‐Fhyo`{ekev‒ kev {hyfdkev oh fmåvvdfh

5· ImhfhOh{ìfdev kev väyd`v I ` FQy`qeyhv qeye h ghjh ke v`m`êæhIyevdm`dye oh Lä~dfh

9· ImhfhFhlò{åydhv vhiy` h Fmåvvdfh .IhiBeyde ` Leyfdh Y`wòk`$ ` eoåmdv` k`meof`v qhmçldfhvL`mnhy`v lhlò{hv kh ghjh Ihe

@vqhy{` El`ydfeoe

6· ImhfhBåidh vpe {yeg`{öyde oh fypw`dyhOh{ìfdev ke Bhylpme 5



;:

H Em{`yhve @vqhy{` fhl`êhp lhv{yeokh h fhlqef{h kh ghjh E{mä{dfh ` Eläydfe- fhlò{ekh

q`mhv l`liyhv ke ieofeke/ @l v`jpdke lhv{yeyel hv l`mnhy`v lhlò{hv khv ghjhv q`mh

qeìv/

H v`jpokh imhfh gå dodfdhp lhv{yeokh ledv meof`v khv ghjhv ke yhkeke kh bdl k` v`leoe/

Kdy`{h ke Qyeêe : Kekå Leyerdmne ò{yhp eh rdrh ò{y`rdv{eokh {hyf`khy`v/

H ÷m{dlh imhfh lhv{yhp hv meof`v qhmçldfhv kh fmåvvdfh- fhlò{eokh {eliäl hv `yyhv k`

eyid{yej`l efho{`fdkhv oe qey{dke/ Eqöv fd{ey oh{ìfdev k` ghjekhy`v kh Fypw`dyh- bhd òf`yyekh

lhv{yeokh ev ‐fhyo`{ekev‒ khv {hyf`khy`v oh ghjh/

H Jmhih @vqhy{` lhv{yhp oh{ìfdev kev väyd`v I ` F mhjh oh doìfdh kh qyhjyele- emäl k`

fhlò{ey vhiy` hv qy`qeye{drhv qeye h ghjh ke v`m`êæh Iyevdm`dye oh Lä~dfh/

H v`jpokh imhfh gå fhl`êhp fhl hv l`mnhy`v lhlò{hv kh fmåvvdfh vòkh eoemdvekhv q`mhv

fhlò{eydv{ev kh qyhjyele- Ihi Beyde ` Leyfdh Y`wòk`- up` {eliäl bemeyel vhiy` hv

meof`v qhmçldfhv/

Oe hqhy{podkek`- {eliäl bhd eoemdveke e qey{dke ò{y` Ihe @vqhy{` ` El`ydfeoe- efho{`fdke

oh kde eo{`ydhy/

H ÷m{dlh imhfh kh qyhjyele {yhp~` le{äyde `vq`fdem vhiy` h jhm`dyh Båidh ` vpe {yeg`{öyde oh

fypw`dyh/ V`l oh{ìfdev khv fmpi`v iyevdm`dyhv k` hp{yhv `v{ekhv- h qyhjyele òf`yyhp,v` eqöv

bemey vhiy` böylpme 5/



;>

;/6 Eoåmdv` kev `kdêð`v/

Kò{y` hv qyhjyelev evvdv{dkhv `l ke{ev eo{`ydhy`v hp qhv{`ydhy`v ehv ghjhv kh Eläydfe

Bp{ìhm Fmpi`- k`v{efel,v` emjpov k`{emn`v dlqhy{eo{`v- hiv`yrekhv `l feke `kdêæh/

M`reokh `l fhovdk`yeêæh emjpov khv qydofdqedv fyd{äydhv k` oh{dfdeidmdkek`- bhd b`d{e e

eremdeêæh k` feke fevh- v`lqy` fhovdk`yeokh hv qydofdqedv efho{`fdlò{hv kh kde/

Eoemdveokh feke fevh- fhofmpd,v` up` hv qyhjyelev k` {`m`rdvæh- `lihye y`jdhoemdwekhv

qydhydw`l ev oh{ìfdev up` l`mnhy e{òk`l áv `~q`f{e{drev kh q÷imdfh- emäl k` e{òk`y ehvfyd{äydhv khv Je{`c``q`yv- up` v`jpokh Zhmb .5440$ dobmpòfdel kdy`{elò{` oh qyhf`vvh k`

v`m`êæh khv be{hv/

Fhlh L`vve .9110$ fd{hp- e fhi`y{pye `vqhy{dre oh Iyevdm ä fhlqeyeke fhlh pl d{`l

qyhlhfdhoem/ Q`yfì`,v` up` h Eläydfe Ldo`dyh oæh qhvvpd nhg` pl ‐jyeok` ghjekhy‒ up`

e{yede e e{òêæh ke lìkde/ O`vv` qho{h- h fmpi` qevve e hfpqey `vqeêhv up` oæh væh k`v{doekhv

e `v{`v ìkhmhv/

Be{h do{`y`vveo{` efho{`f`p oe rävq`ye kh fmåvvdfh ldo`dyh ò{y` Fypw`dyh ` Eläydfe/ K`

bhylev kdv{do{ev- hv khdv qyhjyelev oæh yèmdweyel oònple le{äyde vhiy` h fmpi`- up` bhd

fd{ekh `l elihv hv fevhv oh bdl ke y`qhy{ej`l vhiy` h Fypw`dyh/ H Jmhih @vqhy{` `~didp

qyhjyele k`kdfekh ehv 5111 kdev up` bem{el qeye e Fhqe kh Lpokh/ H Em{`yhve qydhydwhp pl

ghjh fhl `~,ghjekhy`v- k`d~eokh k` bemey kh fmpi` ldo`dyh/

Qeye Idv{eo` ` Ief`mmey .9112$- e ipvfe qhy ohrdkek`v ohv qyhjyelev k` {`m`rdvæh qhk` k`d~ey

k` mekh be{hv dlqhy{eo{`v- qhyäl lòhv fnele{drhv qeye h jyeok` q÷imdfh/ E fhi`y{pye khEm{`yhve @vqhy{` dmpv{ye i`l `vve dk`de/ V` qhy pl mekh h qyhjyele kå ple rdvdidmdkek` ledhy

ehv fmpi`v mhfedv- kdrdk` h `vqeêh k`kdfekh e feke pl k`m`v- qhy hp{yh pve be{hv kh fh{dkdeoh

qye fydey e vòveêæh k` ‐`vq`{åfpmh‒ oh `vqhy{`/ @l ple k` vpev `kdêð`v- r`dfpmeke `l 99 k`

v`{`liyh k` 9159- h ò{y`rdv{ekh bhd h e{hy @kjey Rdrey- fhon`fdkh qhy qyh{ejhodwey h

‐Vònhy Ieyydje‒- oh v`ydekh Fner`v ` up` k` oònple leo`dye v` y`mefdhoe fhl h bp{ìhm/

Oe `kdêæh kh Em{`yhve @vqhy{` efhlqeoneke `l `v{÷kdh- h Eläydfe fho{hp vhlò{` fhl ple

le{äyde k` 9 ldop{hv ` l`dh- h up` fho{yev{hp fhl e fhi`y{pye keke eh E{mä{dfh/ Elihv oæh

{donel fhlq`{dêð`v dlqhy{eo{`v `l ke{ev qyö~dlev- qhyäl h fmpi` emrdo`jyh bhd fd{ekh oh



;4

qyhjyele {hkh- ` edoke fho{hp fhl ple le{äyde k` ‐nplhy‒- hok` bhd b`d{e ple `kdêæh fhl

rìk`h ke do{`yo`{/

@l hp{ye hfevdæh- h y`möjdh ke Fhqe ` h ghjh k` ‐Lev{`yv‒ bhyel fhovdk`yekhv q`mhv `kd{hy`vqydhydkek` kpyeo{` kh qyhf`vvh k` v`m`êæh kev oh{ìfdev/ Fpydhvelò{`- feke qyhjyele {`r` v`p

{`le ` pl oæh fd{hp vùp`y h kh hp{yh/

Hv qyhjyelev ldo`dyhv v`jp`l fyd{äydhv qyä,`v{ei`m`fdkhv- k` efhykh fhl e qhmì{dfe `kd{hydem

ke `ldvvhye/ Feke ple k`mev eqyhr`d{e hv y`fpyvhv hb`y`fdkhv ` h òbhup` oefdhoem kekh q`me

`ldvvhye e up` v` gpo{el `l {yeovldvvæh/

@oupeo{h h Em{`yhve @vqhy{` vhlò{` jyere hv ghjhv v`l qhk`y `~did,mhv eh rdrh- h Jmhih

@vqhy{` v` iò`bdfde khv kdy`d{hv k` {yeovldvvæh khv l`vlhv- fho{eokh evvdl fhl h le{`ydem

o`f`vvåydh qeye b`fnelò{h k` le{äydev ` `meihyeêæh k` qep{ev/

Fhlh m`liye Fh`mnh .911>$- e `ldvvhye v` rem` k`vve `~fmpvdrdkek` ` fn`je e do{`yb`ydy oev

ke{ev ` nhyåydhv k` `~didêæh khv ghjhv/ Rdvdr`mlò{` nå ple qydhydkek` á fhi`y{pye k` fmpi`v

kh `d~h Ydh(VQ- h up` `v{å qy`vò{` `l {hkhv hv qyhjyelev kh feoem/

Oh fevh ke fhi`y{pye kh Eläydfe- k` efhykh fhl e evv`vvhyde kh fmpi`- e `ldvvhye bhd

qyhfpyeke ` q`kdp qeye fydey`l eêð`v up` y`vpm{eydel `l ledhy fhi`y{pye khv be{hv

òrhmròkh h l`vlh/ E kdy`êæh kh feoem gpv{dbdfhp `vve lòhy e{òêæh eh be{h k` oæh

qhvvpìy`l ledv ùpdq`v kdvqhoìr`dv qeye fhi`y{pye k` hp{yhv fmpi`v ldo`dyhv/

Qhy v` {ye{ey k` ple `ldvvhye y`jdhoem- ebdmdeke k` ple y`k` up` oæh qhvvpd qyhjyele

`vqhy{drh oefdhoem- h Em{`yhve @vqhy{` ej` fhl ledv mdi`ykek` oe fhi`y{pye khv fmpi`v

ldo`dyhv/ Oe l`vle hqhy{podkek` `l up` e Jmhih lhv{yere e fhi`y{pye kh Bmelòjh- h

qyhjyele ke [R Em{`yhve vùp`y fd{hp h be{h ` hq{hp qhy eqy`vò{ey- oh l`vlh kde e e{peêæh

khv fmpi`v ldo`dyhv oe yhkeke k` bhyle ledv k`{emneke/

Lpd{h qyö~dlh ke dk`de m`reo{eke qhy Fh`mnh .911>$- up` beme up` odojpäl ò{òk` ledv k`

bp{ìhm kh up` pl jeyh{h k` 59 eohv- h Em{`yhve @vqhy{` `~qmhye e qed~æh ke {hyfdke `l qmòh

kde k` ghjh/ Ev ‐fhyo`{ekev‒- qy`vò{`v `l qye{dfelò{` {hkev ev `kdêð`v - lhv{yel fhlh e

{hyfdke yèj` kpyeo{` hv lhlò{hv kh ghjh/

E rdvd{e á y`keêæh kh Em{`yhve @vqhy{` q`yld{dp eoemdvey k` q`y{h e bhyle k` {yeiemnh ekh{eke

q`mh qyhjyele/ Oe hfevdæh nhpr` pl `rò{h hok` h ghjekhy @pmm`y- kh Eläydfe Ldo`dyh

eopofdhp vpe eqhvò{ekhyde ` h qyhjyele fhmhfhp ple ùpdq` qeye fhiydy {em le{äyde/ Edoke



01

kò{yh k`v{` q`yìhkh- pl qyhkp{hy y`fì`p pl {`m`bho`le dobhyleokh up` h jhm`dyh Båidh- kh

Fypw`dyh rhm{ere e I`mh Nhydwho{` qeye e yèmdweêæh k` `~el`v/ Dl`kde{elò{` h `kd{hy,fn`b`

k`{`yldohp up` e ùpdq` veìvv` kh `rò{h qeye fhiydy e fn`jeke kh jhm`dyh eh nhvqd{em/ 5;

Fpydhvelò{`- h fmpi` f`m`v{` qe{yhfdoe h qyhjyele fhl vpe y`rdv{e/ H be{h k` e fho{pvæh {`y

qyhrhfekh ple ‐k`vfhorhfeêæh‒ qeye e v`m`êæh iyevdm`dye {eliäl qhk` {`y q`vekh o`vve

k`fdvæh- emäl k` up` e {hyfdke f`m`v{` ä ledv ~qy`vvdre up` e el`ydfeoe/

5; Rdvd{e yèmdweke `l 14 k` v`{`liyh- hok` bhd ò{y`rdv{ekh h `kd{hy,fn`b` ke e{yeêæh- M`hqhmkh Vdup`dye/



05

; FHOFMPVÆH

H `v{pkh k` fevh ke dlej`l kh Eläydfe Bp{ìhm Fmpi` ohv qyhjyelev `vqhy{drhv kdåydhv

qyhkpwdkhv `l Ldoev J`yedv eiydp e qhvvdidmdkek` k` fhlqy`òvæh k` be{hy`v up` ohy{`del

{hkhv h qyhf`vvh k` qyhkpêæh ke oh{ìfde- k`vk` hv do{`y`vv`v kh fmpi` e{ä hv ey{dbìfdhv pvekhv

q`mev `ldvvhyev oe dmpv{yeêæh ke oh{ìfde/

Qòvere,v`- dodfdemlò{`- up` hv r`ìfpmhv {`m`rdvdrhv qydhydwerel vhlò{` hv ledhy`v fmpi`v

kh @v{ekh/ @l qey{`v fhofmpìlhv v`y dvvh r`ykek`- lev {eliäl bdfe `rdkò{` up` h qhk`y k`lhidmdweêæh kh q÷imdfh fho{e k` bhyle k`fdvdre o`vve kdrdvæh k` `vqeêh/ E {hyfdke qevve e v`y

h qydofdqem emrh khv fmpi`v- up` e{yeräv k` eêð`v qyhlhfdhoedv ipvfel leo{`y e mdjeêæh fhl

ev q`vvhev ` e{yedy dor`v{dlò{hv `l v`p {yeiemnh/ @ qeye hv qyhjyelev kh jço`yh- ple ihe

bdk`mdweêæh kh q÷imdfh qhk` qyhqhyfdhoey y`vpm{ekhv fhl`yfdedv do{`y`vveo{`v/

Pl khv qydofdqedv lä{hkhv p{dmdwekhv oe q`vupdve bhd hiv`yreêæh oæh qey{dfdqeo{` khv be{hv-

hok` e{yeräv k` rdvd{ev eh Eläydfe Ldo`dyh ` e y`keêæh kh Em{`yhve @vqhy{` h q`vupdvekhy

qûk` efhlqeoney ev qydofdqedv `{eqev ke `meihyeêæh ` r`dfpmeêæh k` oh{ìfdev/ Dob`mdwlò{` e

Y`k` Jmhih Ldoev oæh ep{hydwhp up` h l`vlh bhvv` yèmdwekh oe y`keêæh kh Jmhih @vqhy{`/

@vvev rdvd{ev qyhqhyfdhoeyel eh q`vupdvekhy e hqhy{podkek` k` ò{òk`y eyjplò{hv up`

dobmpòfdel kdy`{elò{` oe {yeovldvvæh kev oh{ìfdev eh {hyf`khy/

Hp{yhv y`fpyvhv p{dmdwekhv bhyel e jyereêæh ` eoåmdv` k` råydev `kdêð`v khv qyhjyelev

Em{`yhve @vqhy{` ` Jmhih @vqhy{`- v`jpdkhv k` {yeiemnh k` q`vupdve ` hiv`yreêæh khv

qydofdqedv y`fpyvhv `lqy`jekhv/

Fhofmpd,v` ò{æh up` oh eoh up` eo{`f`k` e fhl`lhyeêæh k` v`p fò{òåydh- h Eläydfe

qyhlhr`p eêð`v up` ipvfeyel ‐eqyh~dley‒ hv r`ìfpmhv kh fmpi`- eqyhr`d{eokh h lhlò{h

`l up` qevvhp e v`y rdv{h q`me lìkde fhlh ple vpyqy`ve oe fe{`jhyde qydofdqem ke

fhlq`{dêæh- lev `v{ev qhpfh `m`reyel h oìr`m k` do{`y`vv` kev q`vvhev oh fmpi`/

Fhl iev` ohv qyhjyelev evvdv{dkhv ` fhlqeyeokh ev `kdêð`v up` {ye{el kh l`vlh evvpo{h-

`l l`vle ke{e- fhofmpd,v` up` ekh{el bhylev kdb`yò{`v k` eihykey hv l`vlhv be{hv/

@oupeo{h h Jmhih @vqhy{` v`jp` e mdoke ghyoemìv{dfe ` ipvfe hig`{drdkek` ` dobhyleêæh k`

leo`dye vdo{ä{dfe khv efho{`fdlò{hv- h Em{`yhve @vqhy{` meoêe læh ke bhylemdkek` `



09

eqy`vò{e hv be{hv k` bhyle `vq`{efpmeydweke- pveokh e qevvdhoemdkek` fhlh qydofdqem be{hy k`

eqyh~dleêæh kh q÷imdfh/ O`m` h fhlò{eydv{e rdye {hyf`khy- lhv{yeokh up` h fho{yåydh

{eliäl ä qhvvìr`m/

E fhofhyyçofde ò{y` hv qyhjyelev hv m`rel e ipvfey ev oh{ìfdev up` ledv fnel`l e e{òêæh

khv {`m`vq`f{ekhy`v/ E ipvfe q`mh `vq`{efpmey qhk` k`d~ey k` mekh dlqhy{eo{`v fyd{äydhv k`

oh{dfdeidmdkek`/ V` qhy pl mekh e felqeone kh fmpi` oh k`fhyy`y k` pl felq`hoe{h

qyhlhr`yå ledhy rdvdidmdkek`- qhy hp{yh ev `ldvvhyev qy`fdvel fydey l`dhv k` `~qmhyey `vve

dlej`l- up` vòkh qhvd{dre hp o`je{dre e{yed do{`y`vv`v khv {hyf`khy`v/

E mdojpej`l dobhylem pveke q`mh Em{`yhve @vqhy{` fhov`jpdp fhmhfey h fmpi` ò{y` hv

qydofdqedv evvpo{hv k` upev` {hkhv hv v`pv qyhjyelev/ H pvh k` y`fpyvhv {è{yedv-do{`ye{drdkek` fhl e {hyfdke e{yeräv ke do{`yo`{- ` e k`fmeyeêæh eh ‐{dl` kh fhyeêæh‒ q`mhv

ghyoemdv{ev bew fhl up` h vq`{åfpmh {`m`rdvdrh emfeof` hv {hyf`khy`v ` fyd` ple bdk`mdweêæh/

Oh Jmhih @vqhy{` h fmpi` gå fho{hp fhl lòhy `vqeêh/ E qy`hfpqeêæh qydofdqem bhd oh{dfdey

hv ghjhv ` `rò{hv kh fmpi` v`l lpd{hv k`{emn`v- ekh{eokh ple qhv{pye ledv kdv{eofdeke khv

be{hv/ E{ä ev iydofek`dyev b`d{ev oh qyhjyele efho{`f`l k` bhyle ledv fho{yhmeke/ Fhl e

lpkeoêe kh eqy`vò{ekhy- ipvfhp,v` upìyey `vve bhylemdkek`- lev `vve lpkeoêe oæh {`l

feìkh i`l eh bhyle{h kh qyhjyele/

H qyhjyele ke Y`k` Jmhih fho{e fhlh qydofdqedv fyd{äydhv e qhqpmeydkek` kh fmpi`- l`kdke

k` efhykh fhl vpe {hyfdke ` h y`{hyoh `l oìr`dv k` epkdçofde up` h l`vlh qhk`

qyhqhyfdhoey/ Fmpi`v ldo`dyhv væh qhy r`w`v oh{dfdekhv v`l lpd{h eqyhbpokelò{h- òupeo{h

hv k` hp{yhv @v{ekhv jeonel ledhy rdvdidmdkek`/

V`l k÷rdke emjple- hv khdv qyhjyelev qydhydwel h bp{ìhm- bemeokh yeqdkelò{` k` hp{yev

lhkemdkek`v `vqhy{drev/ @ h evq`f{h fhl`yfdem- òrhmròkh hv fmpi`v k` efhykh fhl vpe

{hyfdke- dobmpd kdy`{elò{` oe qydhydkek` keke ehv be{hv k` feke pl/

[hke `vve fhi`y{pye k`kdfeke eh fmpi` o`v{` eoh oæh bhd vpbdfdò{` qeye e{yedy e e{òêæh ke

{hyfdke- o`l qyhlhr`y ledhy òrhmrdlò{h ke l`vle fhl h Eläydfe/ Be{h up` gå bhd

q`yfìdkh q`mh kdy`{hyde `- up` v`jpokh vpe evv`vvhyde gå qmeo`ge eêð`v qeye {yew`y k` rhm{e

`vve {hyfdke e felqh `l 9159/

H fmpi` up` nerde rhm{ekh á fe{`jhyde k` `md{` kh Felq`hoe{h Iyevdm`dyh oæh eqy`vò{hpfelqeone ve{dvbe{öyde/ Fyd{dfekh `l lpd{hv lhlò{hv q`me dlqyòve ` {hyfdke- h {dl`



06

`vihêhp ple yèêæh oev ÷m{dlev yhkekev ke fhlq`{dêæh ` fhov`jpdp rd{öydev dlqhy{eo{`v-

vhiy` fmpi`v fhlh Fhydo{ndeov ` Ih{ebhjh- up` `v{erel kdvqp{eokh kdy`{elò{` rejev oe

Fhqe Mdi`y{ekhy`v ke Eläydfe50/ @vve eyyeofeke e{yedp hmney`v k` r`ìfpmhv k` {hkh h qeìv-

bewòkh fhl up` h fmpi` bhvv` fd{ekh ohv qydofdqedv oh{dfdåydhv `vqhy{drhv/ Dob`mdwlò{` e

yèêæh r`dh {eyk`- upeokh gå oæh `ye ledv qhvvìr`m v` vemrey kh yìed~elò{h qeye e väyd` I kh

felq`hoe{h/

[hyoe,v` rdvìr`m up` hv qyhjyelev gpmjel ev oh{ìfdev v`m`fdhoekev fhlh ev ledv dlqhy{eo{`v

qeye h q÷imdfh- eh q`yleo`f`y p{dmdweokh hv qydofdqedv fyd{äydhv `l vpe mdone `kd{hydem/ Oh qeìv

`l up` h bp{ìhm ä rdv{h fhlh ple kev qydofdqedv bhylev k` ò{y`{òdlò{h {hyoe,v` ledv

båfdm ejyekey e ple qeyf`me k` {`m`vq`f{ekhy`v/

K` be{h- hp{yhv qho{hv qhk`ydel v`y k`v{efekhv eupd hp {ye{ekhv fhl ledhy eqyhbpokelò{h-

lev v`ydel dordår`dv k`rdkh á mdld{eêæh k` {`lqh ` `vqeêh kdvqhoìr`dv/ Qhyäl fhofmpìlhv

o`vve q`vupdve up` e dlej`l k` pl fmpi` qhk` v`y dobmpòfdeke k`rdkh á vpe `~qhvdêæh oe

lìkde/ V`p remhy fhlh leyfe qyhqhyfdhoe ei`y{pye hp b`fnelò{h k` `vqeêh- k` efhykh fhl

v`p qhk`y k` lhidmdweêæh k` q`vvhev/

Efy`kd{elhv {`y `v{` fho{ydipìkh- fhl rd{em dlqhy{éofde ohv `v{pkhv ke fhlpodfeêæh up`

òrhmr`l ghyoemdvlh `vqhy{drh- qyhf`vvhv k` v`m`êæh k` oh{ìfdev ` kdrpmjeêæh k` dlej`l khv

fmpi`v/

50 E Fhqe Mdi`y{ekhy`v ke Eläydfe hp [eêe Mdi`y{ekhy`v ke Eläydfe- fpgh ohl` hbdfdem e{pem ä Fhqe Veo{eok`y- ä e qydofdqemfhlq`{dêæh k` bp{ìhm ò{y` fmpi`v qyhbdvvdhoedv ke Eläydfe kh Vpm- hyjeodweke q`me Fhob`k`yeêæh Vpm,El`ydfeoe k`Bp{ìhm , FHOL@IHM/ .Bho{`7 Zdcdqäkde$



0;

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00

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02

EO@^HV

Eo`~h E ‖ @o{y`rdv{e fhl Feymhv Fypw- evv`vvhy k` Dlqyòve kh Eläydfe Bp{ìhm Fmpi`

@l rdvd{e yèmdweke eh fmpi` `l 92 k` hp{piyh k` 9155- h q`vupdvekhy bhd y`fìdkh q`mh

evv`vvhy k` dlqyòve kh Eläydfe Bp{ìhm Fmpi`/ Oe hqhy{podkek`- råydhv ghyoemdv{ev `v{erel

qy`vò{`v qeye e doepjpyeêæh ke ohre veme k` dlqyòve/

Bem` pl qhpfh vhiy` vpe fn`jeke eh Eläydfe7

Eo{`v k` ldone rdoke- e evv`vvhyde kh fmpi` `ye yèmdweke ple `v{ejdåyde- edoke fhl qhpfh

fhon`fdlò{h k` l`yfekh/ E j`v{æh eo{`ydhy oæh nerde qydhydwekh e dlej`l kh fmpi`- up`

eqöv q`yìhkhv oev väyd`v I ` F kh Felq`hoe{h Iyevdm`dyh `v{ere pl qhpfh ‐`vup`fdkh‒ q`me

dlqyòve mhfem O`vv` l`vlh q`yìhkh qhpfh v` dor`v{de oh fmpi` `l j`yem ` oe bhyleêæh k`

ohrhv e{m`{ev/

H e{pem fhov`mnh qydhydwhp y``v{yp{pyey ` hyjeodwey h fmpi`- ` ple kev qydhydkek`v k`vve ohre

j`v{æh ä e upd{eêæh khv kdrdkòkhv kh fmpi`/ Eh bdl k` 9155 {hke e vd{peêæh gå v` òfho{yeyå

ledv fhobhy{år`m- {òkh fhlh l`{ev hv dor`v{dlò{hv gå qy`rdv{hv qeye 9159 `l `mòfh `

bhyleêæh/ Kdr`yvhv v`{hy`v {`l y`fìdkh `vv` dor`v{dlò{h- dofmpvdr` h k` fhlpodfeêæh/

Fhlh ev lpkeoêev {çl eb`{ekh e dlej`l kh fmpi` ` vpe rdvdidmdkek`8

Eh evvpldy e bpoêæh rd fhlh k`vebdh e fydeêæh k` ple `v{yp{pye up` {yhp~`vv` e e{òêæh ke

lìkde qeye h Eläydfe- h up` edoke `ye qhpfh rdv{h/ P{dmdw`d l`p fhon`fdlò{h fhlh

ghyoemdv{e ` ldone `~q`ydçofde `kd{hydem- eqöv {`y qevvekh qhy råydhv r`ìfpmhv ldo`dyhv/

Fhl`f`d e ipvfey h eqhdh ke dlqyòve qeye kdrpmjey ev eêð`v kh fmpi`/ Vhlhv pl qyhkp{h `

qhy dvvh qy`fdvelhv k` rdvdidmdkek`/ Ev eêð`v `l felqh vö m`jd{dlel `vve dlej`l- lev oæh

k`{`yldoel fhlh h fmpi` v`yå rdv{h/ Fhor`yv`d fhl y`vqhovår`dv q`me fhi`y{pye `vqhy{dre

mhfem- fhlh e Jmhih ` fhiy`d ple ledhy fhi`y{pye/ @m`v kdvv`yel oæh {`y ùpdq`v vpbdfdò{`v

qeye fhiydy 6 fmpi`v l Ldoev- lev qyhfpyeydel fho{hyoey dvvh/



0:

Vhiy` h qyhf`vvh k` mdi`yeêæh k` oh{ìfdev kh fmpi`- upem h qydofdqem qeq`m ke evv`vvhyde8

Oæh `vq`yelhv up` hv r`ìfpmhv rd`vv`l e{ä oöv/ [ònh p{dmdwekh l`pv fho{e{hv qeye kdrpmjey

ev eêð`v kh fmp i`/ Ekh{elhv pl vdv{`le k` kdrpmjeêæh ‐k` bhye qye kò{yh‒/ @ordelhvoh{ìfdev e r`ìfpmhv k` bhye kh @v{ekh- fhlh e @VQO- qhy `~`lqmh/ [hke e y`q`yfpvvæh j`yeke

fhl `vve kdv{ydipdêæh k` oh{ìfdev {`l {yewdkh vpj`v{ð`v k` qep{ev- up` {`l vdkh {yeiemnekev `

y`qevvekev ehv r`ìfpmhv ldo`dyhv/

Upeokh ev dobhyleêð`v væh kekev q`mh Iyevdm- lpd{ev r`w`v hv r`ìfpmhv keupd- up` oæh k`yel

dlqhy{éofde e {em be{h- væh hiydjekhv e kdrpmjey ev oh{ìfdev up` gå væh kdrpmjekev q`mh Qeìv/

[eliäl væh òrdekhv y`mèv`v ` vpj`v{ð`v k` qep{e qeye hv kdr`yvhv r`ìfpmhv ldo`dyhv/

Rhfç kdvv` up` h Eläydfe ä pl qyhkp{h- ` up` vpe dlej`l qy`fdve v`y y`bhyêeke q`me

lìkde/ Fhlh h fmpi` {`l v` ekùpekh e `vve ohre yèmdkek`8

Ev k`bdfdçofdev kh fmpi`- `~qhv{ev eh mhojh kh q`yìhkh k` 51 eohv `l up` oæh hi{done ç~d{h

`l felqh fydeyel ple dlej`l o`je{dre qeye h Eläydfe- up` ejhye r`l {yeiemneokh qeye

fhovhmdkey e dlej`l k` pl jyeok` fmpi`- ` {`l ipvfekh fhmhfey,v` fhlh qyhkp{h ròkår`m

oh l`yfekh/ Qeye dvvh- pl k` ohvvhv qydofdqedv bhfhv {`l vdkh e evvdldmeêæh kh fmpi` eh v`p

qh{òfdem fhl`yfdem/

Bp{ìhm e{yed e{òêæh ke {hyfdke- ròk` qyhkp{hv/ Ple leyfe bhy{` qhk` y`bhyêey `vve ròke `

fhl dvvh j`yey mpfyhv- evvdl fhlh hv jyeok`v fmpi`v kh qeìv gå {`l {yeiemnekh/ K`vve leyfe

bhy{` {eliäl y`vpm{el hv qe{yhfìodhv ` dor`v{dlò{hv up` o`f`vvd{elhv qeye leo{`y h fmpi`

`l bpofdhoelò{h/

Fhl e{peêæh iev{eo{` fyd{dfeke oe väyd` E- ` up` elèêe e q`yleoçofde kh fmpi` oe

kdrdvæh qydofdqem kh Felq`hoe{h Iyevdm`dyh- fhlh e dlej`l kh fmpi` bhd eb`{eke8

H fmpi` oæh fhovdk`ye e e{peêæh oh Felq`hoe{h Iyevdm`dyh fhlh byefevvh/ Ohv qmeohv

dodfdedv- `vq`yere,v` fhoupdv{ey `l 9155 h {d{pmh ke väyd` I ` `l 9159- eoh k` v`p fò{òåydh-

y`vpm{ekhv `~qy`vvdrhv oe väyd` E/ Vpidlhv eo{`v- fhl qhpfhv y`fpyvhv- lev h fmpi` jeonhp

`~q`ydçofde/ H fmpi` fn`jhp fhlh ple ‐ohrdkek`‒ ò{y` hv up` fhoupdv{eyel h ef`vvh- lev

dob`mdwlò{` hv y`vpm{ekhv oæh efhlqeoneyel {hke e `~q`f{e{dre ke {hyfdke/ Kdb`yò{` kh up`



0>

v` qòve h ydvfh k` up`ke oæh eplò{hp e rdvdidmdkek`/ Lpd{h q`mh fho{yåydh- edoke ebev{hp

emjpov/

Fhlh ä e `v{yp{pye k` fhlpodfeêæh kh fmpi` nhg`8

H fmpi` edoke fho{e fhl ple `v{yp{pye lhk`v{e/ Eq`vey k` {`y pl khv ledhy`v qe{ydlûodhv

ò{y` hv {dl`v ldo`dyhv- edoke feldone qeye `v{yp{pyey,v` k` efhykh fhl ev o`f`vvdkek`v/

Nhg` fho{elhv fhl eqòev kpev q`vvhev7 `p ` hp{yh ghyoemdv{e- ` `vq`yelhv fho{ye{ey pl

ohrh `v{ejdåydh `l iy`r`/ Eq`vey k` lpd{h {yeiemnh- vhlhv y`vqhovår`dv q`me `ldvvæh k`

qey{` kh le{`ydem p{dmdwekh q`mhv kdr`yvhv r`ìfpmhv- reydeokh k` efhykh fhl e oe{py`we k` feke

lìkde/

Upedv ev qyö~dlev `{eqev k`vve y``v{yp{pyeêæh- emäl k` qmeohv qeye h qyö~dlh eoh8

Nhg` doepjpyelhv ple ohre veme k` dlqyòve- up` bhd efhlqeoneke qhy kdr`yvhv ghyoemdv{ev-

dofmpvdr` k` bhye kh `v{ekh/ Oe hqhy{podkek` meoêelhv e ‐@ofdfmhqäkde kh Eläydfe‒- b`d{e

q`mh ndv{hydekhy Ebhovh F`mvh Yevh/ Qeye 9159- h fmpi` gå qmeo`ge elqmdey h F[ MeooeKyplhok ` {yew`y vpev fe{`jhydev k` iev` qeye `vv` ohrh fho{`~{h/ [hke `vve y``v{yp{pyeêæh gå

{`l {yewdkh pl ohrh hmney qeye h fmpi`/ Dob`mdwlò{` pl khv be{hy`v up` {`l dobmpòfdekh

o`je{drelò{` hv fmpi`v ldo`dyhv `l y`meêæh ehv {hyf`khy`v ä e bem{e k` `v{åkdhv `l IN/

[hkhv {çl vhbydkh fhl dvvh- ` fhl Eläydfe dvvh oæh ä kdb`yò{`/ Qeye h eoh k` 9159- h

Eläydfe {`l pl qyhg`{h qeye eqyh~dley hv {hyf`khy`v kh fmpi`- oh upem ä bpokelò{em h

eqhdh ke evv`vvhyde- ` hok` gå fho{ey`lhv fhl ohvvh `v{åkdh- h Dok`qòkçofde/



04

Eo`~h I ‖ @o{y`rdv{e fhl M`hqhmkh Vdup`dye- @kd{hy,fn`b` ` eqy`vò{ekhy kh Em{`yhve

@vqhy{`

@l rdvd{e yèmdweke á [R Em{`yhve `l 14(14(9155- h q`vupdvekhy fhon`f`p e y`keêæh kh

qyhjyele Em{`yhve @vqhy{`- e upem ä fhlqey{dmneke fhl hp{yhv qyhjyelev ke `ldvvhye

ldo`dye/ Y`fìdkh q`mh y`ke{hy,fn`b` kh qyhjyele- efhlqeonhp h b`fnelò{h e ~didêæh kh

qyhjyele k` l`vle ke{e/ Oe hqhy{podkek`- M`hqhmkh Vdup`dye bemhp vhiy` hv be{hv ledv

dlqhy{eo{`v mdjekhv eh oh{dfdåydh `vqhy{drh/

Fho{` pl qhpfh ke ndv{öyde kh qyhjyele7

Dodfdemlò{` fydekh qeye bew`y qey{` k` pl ghyoem mhfem ke `ldvvhye ldo`dye ` fhon`fdkh fhlh

Ejhye @vqhy{`v- `l 544> oevfde h Em{`yhve @vqhy{`- eqy`vò{ekh q`mh ghyoemdv{e Ydfeykh

Levveye ` qevveokh qhv{`ydhylò{` qeye Yhjäydh Fhyyè/ H qyhjyele ekh{hp e dkäde ke

‐ieofeke k`lhfyå{dfe‒- bhyle{h p{dmdwekh oe `ldvvhye oh bdl ke käfeke k` 54:1 oh Ihme oe

åyè- eqy`vò{ekh q`mh ghyoemdv{e B`yoeokh Vevvh ` up` fho{ere fhl y`qöy{`y`v kh Kdåydh ke

[eyk`- ghyoem q`y{òfò{` eh jypqh khv Kdåydhv Evvhfdekhv- ` up` evvpldel e qed~æh qhy v`pv

{dl`v- r`v{dokh e feldve ` hv k`bòkdel oev `kdêð`v kdåydev kh qyhjyele/

@ fhlh r`dh e dk`de k` fhmhfey `~,ghjekhy`v oe ieofeke8

Oh eoh k` 9111- h `~,ghjekhy Kekå Leyerdmne qevvhp e bew`y qey{` ke ieofeke- {yewòkh

evvdl ple ohre bev` qeye h qyhjyele up` k`d~eyde k` fho{ey vhlò{` fhl ghyoemdv{ev ` {yewde

ple eqyh~dleêæh ledhy fhl e ndv{öyde kh bp{ìhm ldo`dyh/ @l hp{ye hfevdæh- e `ldvvhye gå

nerde qyhkpwdkh pl qyhjyele fhl Febpoje ` e ò{yeke k` Kekå oh qyhjyele `ye rdv{e fhlh

pl y`{hyoh áv hydjòv ke `ldvvhye- h up` qyhqhyfdhohp ple ohre rdvæh khv ghjhv- k`v{e r`w

eoemdvekhv qhy up`l gå rdròfdeye kò{yh khv felqhv ` fho{ere fhl h feydvle kh `~,ghjekhy

` vpe bhyle vdojpmey k` fhlò{ey hv be{hv/ Fhlh y`vpm{ekh nhpr` h eplò{h jyeke{drh ke

epkdçofde/ Eohv k`qhdv {yhp~`lhv h el`ydfeoh Gedy Ieme- up` e{ä nhg` k`bòk` ` fhlò{e

vhiy` v`p {dl`/



21

@ fhlh bhd vpe fn`jeke eh qyhjyele8 Upedv ev qydofdqedv lpkeoêev k`vk` `vv`

q`yìhkh8

@p gå bewde qey{` kh upekyh k` y`qöy{`y`v ke `ldvvhye- {yeiemneokh oh `~{do{h ‐Eupd Ejhye‒/Oh eoh k` 9115- fhl e dke k` Yhjäydh Fhyyè qeye hp{ye `ldvvhye- h qyhjyele qevve e v`y

qyhkpwdkh ` eqy`vò{ekh qhy ldl/ Eh mhojh khv eohv råydhv y`qy`vò{eo{`v qevveyel q`me

ieofeke/

E y`f`q{drdkek` kh qpimdfh fhl h qyhjyele v`lqy` bhd lpd{h ihe/ H k`v`lqònh oe

epkdçofde fn`jhp e dofhlhkey hp{yev `ldvvhyev- up` dofmpvdr` {ò{eyel fhqdey h bhyle{h k`

ieofeke k`lhfyå{dfe/ @l 9119- e Jmhih fho{ye{hp Kekå Leyerdmne- ` `l hp{ye hfevdæh {ò{hp

lho{ey ple ieofeke fhl {hyf`khy`v/ Eohv k`qhdv- e Y`k` Y`fhyk b`w e l`vle {ò{e{dre fhlKekå ` O`pi`y- lev v`l vpf`vvh/ Nhg` h qydofdqem fhofhyyò{` ä h Jmhih @vqhy{`- eq`vey k`

eqy`vò{ey pl bhyle{h kdb`yò{` kh ohvvh/

Upedv hv qydofdqedv fyd{äydhv ekh{ekhv oe v`m`êæh k` oh{ìfdev qeye feke `kdêæh8

Hv le{`ydedv væh qyhkpwdkhv q`me qyöqyde `ldvvhye ` k`qhdv eoemdvekhv k` efhykh fhl emjpov

fyd{äydhv gå `v{ei`m`fdkhv/ [eliäl nå hv up` væh òrdekhv q`mev vpfpyvedv k` Kdrdoöqhmdv-

Gpdw k` Bhye ` Reyjdone- emäl k` ebdmdekev `vqemnekev q`mh @v{ekh/ [`lhv {eliäl e

fhmeihyeêæh kh qhy{em Ped ` le{`ydem rdokh k` fmpi`v/ E `kdêæh k` le{äydev efho{`f` e{ä ohv

÷m{dlhv lhlò{hv- l`vlh fhl h qyhjyele oh ey/

E qyhkpêæh kh qyhjyele qyhfpye key `vqeêh e {hkhv hv fmpi`v ldo`dyhv- qyhqhyfdhoemlò{` e

v`p {eleonh ` {hyfdke/ Fmpi`v k` {hkev ev kdrdvð`v kh @v{ekh væh fd{ekhv- hp {`l {y`fnhv `

y`vpm{ekhv k` ghjhv lhv{yekhv/ E fhi`y{pye v` y`v{ydoj` e dvvh- l`vlh eqöv e eoåmdv` khv

le{`ydedv òrdekhv á qyhkpêæh/ Qydhydwe,v` eupdmh up` e{yede e e{òêæh khv {`m`vq`f{ekhy`v/

E{mä{dfh- Fypw`dyh ` Eläydfe {çl v`pv y`qy`vò{eo{`v oe ieofeke- qhyäl eqy`vò{el {`lqhv

kdb`yòfdekhv oev le{äydev/ Fhlh v` `~qmdfe `vve kdb`yòêe8

E kdrdvæh k` {`lqh kò{yh kev `kdêð`v v`jp` fyd{äydhv up` ipvfel ‐ejyekey‒ ehv

{`m`vq`f{ekhy`v- k` efhykh fhl h {eleonh kev {hyfdkev/ E dkäde dodfdem ä key h l`vlh {`lqh

ehv {yçv fmpi`v- lev oe qyå{dfe fhov{e{e,v` up` h le{`ydem qyhkpwdkh q`me ùpdq` k`{`yldoe h

{`lqh kev le{äydev k` feke ple/ Fypw`dyh ` E{mä{dfh efeiel {òkh qydhydkek` oe fhi`y{pye

kdåyde ` qhy dvvh fho{el fhl e ledhy be{de k`vv` {`lqh- {òkh v`p le{`ydem kdrdkdkh ò{y` hv 6



25

imhfhv kh qyhjyele- òupeo{h h Eläydfe fho{e fhl vhlò{` 5 le{äyde- fn`jeokh eh lå~dlh

k` 9 qhy `kdêæh/

H qyhjyele vhby`p emjplev em{`yeêð`v oh bhyle{h- emäl k` dofhyqhyey ohrhv upekyhv/

Fhlh væh yèmdwekev `vvev lpkeoêev- ` upedv hv `b`d{hv kev l`vlev8

Ple kev qy`hfpqeêð`v ke kdy`êæh ä e ipvfe qhy ohrhv bhyle{hv up` v` ekùp`l á bhyle

e{pem/ Ipvfelhv upekyhv up` òrhmrel hv e{m`{ev k`vv`v fmpi`v .ldo`dyhv$ ` e{ä yèmdwelhv

pl Yèmd{t Vnhz fnelekh ‐Feêe {emò{hv‒- up` qyhlhr`p ‐qò`dyev‒ ò{y` jeyh{hv up`

vhonerel `l v`y ghjekhy`v k` {çodv- ` oe 9§ `kdêæh ghjekhy`v k` bp{ìhm/ Hv ròf`khy`v

bhyel òfeldonekhv ehv fmpi`v- vòkh up` h 6· fhmhfekh jeonhp e hqhy{podkek` k` {y`doey oh

Eläydfe Ldo`dyh- ` hv hp{yhv oh Fypw`dyh ` E{mä{dfh/

Upeo{ev ùpdq`v bew`l qey{` ke qyhkpêæh- ` upedv q`vvhev væh òrhmrdkev oh qyhg`{h8

H qyhjyele fho{e fhl ; ùpdq`v up` fhiy`l hv kdr`yvhv `rò{hv- emäl k` pl ‐y`qöy{`y

lpm{dlìkde‒- y`vqhovår`m q`me fhi`y{pye d{do`yeo{`/ Hv ghjhv khv {dl`v ldo`dyhv væh jyerekhvoe ìo{`jye- qhyäl oæh qhk`l v`y {yeovld{dkhv eh rdrh k`rdkh e kdy`d{hv k` {yeovldvvæh/ H

qyhjyele p{dmdwe,hv o{æh l fhlqef{hv/

Oh{e,v` up` ä yeye e qy`vòêe khv ò{y`rdv{ekhv oh qyhjyele/ Upem h qydofdqem lh{drh8

H qyhjyele yeyelò{` yèmdwe ò{y`rdv{ev eh rdrh hp oh `v{÷kdh/ @l emjpov fevhv e{ä fhordke

q`vvhev kh l`dh qeye qey{dfdqey kev `kdêð`v- lev {pkh dvvh reyde fhl h lhlò{h khò{y`rdv{ekh ` e qyhg`êæh up` `vve ò{y`rdv{e {yeyå á `kdêæh- lev v`lqy` fhl e hqêæh k` oæh

bewç,me/ Áv r`w`v ä fhlqmdfekh leo{`y pl fhordkekh oh k`fhyy`y kh qyhjyele/ Qhy hp{yh mekh

nå emjpov- fhlh h ghjekhy Kd`jh [eyk`mmd up` v`lqy` ef`d{e fhord{`v ` v` do{`jye i`l eh

elidò{`/ Feke fevh ä eoemdvekh dokdrdkpemlò{`/



29

EO@^H F , Q`vupdvev vhiy` [hyfdkev `l Ldoev J`yedv

Q`vupdvev vhiy` [hyfdkev `l Ldoev J`yedv/ Fhl dobhyleêð`v kh vd{` ke YVVB Iyewdm/

Q`vupdvev b`d{ev v`l l`{hkhmhjde fdò{ìbdfe k` elhv{yej`l

5$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh ghyoem @v{ekh k` Ldoev- qpimdfeke oe `kdêæh k` 92 k` leyêh k`54657

5· E{mä{dfh7 ;19 rh{hv .;2-9$39· Fypw`dyh7 659 rh{hv .60-4$3

6· Eläydfe7 4; rh{hv .51->$3;· Rdmme Ohre7 90 rh{hv .9-4$30· Bmpldoòv`7 52 rh{hv .5->$32· Femebe{`7 59 rh{hv .5-;$3:· V`{` k` V`{`liyh7 0 rh{hv .1-2$3>· Jpeyeot7 ; rh{hv .1-0$Hiv/7 rh{hv `yel fhm`{ekhv `l ple pyoe mhfemdweke `l byò{` á v`k` kh ghyoem/

9$ Q`vupdve b`d{e `l 5420- qpimdfeke oh ghyoem @v{ekh k` Ldoev- `l 19 k` gpmnh k` 54207

5· E{mä{dfh7 6;;/6:; rh{hv , 0;-59· Fypw`dyh7 524/>4: rh{hv , 92-:6· Eläydfe7 ;;/2:6 rh{hv , :-1;· Vdk`y÷yjdfe7 69/599 rh{hv ‖ 0-50· Rdme Ohre7 54/459 rh{hv ‖ 6-52· K`lhfye{e7 51/66> rh{hv ‖ 5-2:· Jpeyeod7 >/050 rh{hv ‖ 5-6>· Pi`yméokde7 ;/5;; rh{hv ‖ 1-:4· Yòevfòêe7 9/226 rh{hv ‖ 1-;Hiv/7 Pyoev bhyel `vqemnekev `l råydhv qho{hv ke feqd{em ` `l emjplev fdkek`v kh do{`ydhy/Qeye v` rh{ey `ye o`f`vvåydh fhlqyey e fäkpme/ Oæh nerde mdld{eêæh qeye fhlqye k` fäkpmev/

Bhyel fhlqp{ekhv upev` :11 ldm rh{hv/ Edoke bem{erel ;1 ldm rh{hv qeye v`y`l eqpyekhv-upeokh bhd qpimdfekh h y`vpm{ekh oh ghyoem @v{ekh k` Ldoev/

Q`vupdvev b`d{ev fhl l`{hkhmhjde fdò{ìbdfe k` elhv{yej`l7

5$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh Dov{d{p{h Jemmpq- qpimdfeke q`me y`rdv{e Qmefey- `kdêæh o· 4;- k`65/59/54:5 .eqòev `l I`mh Nhydwho{`$7

5· E{mä{dfh7 ;69· Fypw`dyh7 ;96· Eläydfe7 0

hp{yhv7 5oònpl7 4



26

9$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh Dov{d{p{h Jemmpq- qpimdfekh q`me y`rdv{e Qmefey- `l 54>67

5· E{mä{dfh7 ;29· Fypw`dyh7 64

hp{yhv fmpi`v ldo`dyhv7 0oæh {hyf`l qhy oònpl fmpi` ldo`dyh7 51

6$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh Dihq`- qpimdfeke q`me y`rdv{e Qmefey- `l 5446 .eqòev nhlòv oeY`jdæh L`{yhqhmd{eoe k` I`mh Nhydwho{`$7

5· E{mä{dfh7 6>-09· Fypw`dyh7 6:-46· Bmelòjh7 0-5;· Revfh7 5->0· Væh Qepmh7 5-9

2· Eläydfe7 1-4:· Ih{ebhjh- Fhydo{ndeov- Jyçldh- Do{`yoefdhoem Veo{hv7 1-67oònpl7 4-6

;$ Q`vupdve kh Dov{d{p{h Q`ybdm- qpimdfeke q`mh ghyoem Nhg` `l Kde- `l 5442 .eqòev `lI`mh Nhydwho{`$7

5· E{mä{dfh7 64-49· Fypw`dyh7 6;-66· Eläydfe7 ; hp{yhv7 1-:

0$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh Dihq`- qpimdfeke q`mh ghyoem Meof`%- `l 544>7

5· Fypw`dyh7 929· E{mä{dfh7 526· Eläydfe7 lòhv k` 1-0hp{yhv7 99

2$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh Dihq`- qpimdfeke q`mh ghyoem Meof`%- `l 9115 .eqòev oe y`jdæhl`{yhqhmd{eoe k` I`mh Nhydwho{`$7

5· Fypw`dyh7 ;29· E{mä{dfh7 606· Eläydfe ` Revfh7 5-1oònpl7 50hp{yhv7 9

:$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh Ke{eBhmne- `l 91197

5· Fypw`dyh7 ;69· E{mä{dfh7 99



2;

>$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh Dihq`- qpimdfeke q`mh ghyoem H Meof`%- `l 911;7

5· Fypw`dyh7 69->9· E{mä{dfh7 52-4

6· Bmelòjh7 >-;;· Fhydo{ndeov7 ;-:0· Eläydfe7 5-5hp{yhv7 96-0

4$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh Dov{d{p{h O`~pv- qpimdfeke q`mh ghyoem Nhg` `l Kde- `l 911;.eqòev `l I`mh Nhydwho{`$7

5· E{mä{dfh7 ;2-49· Fypw`dyh7 ;2-96· Eläydfe7 ;-;

;· Bmelòjh7 50· Fhydo{ndeov7 1-02· Ih{ebhjh- Bmpldoòv`- Veo{hv ` Væh Qepmh7 1-9

51$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh Dov{d{p{h @L Ke{e- qpimdfeke oh ghyoem @v{ekh k` Ldoev- `l911; .eqòev I`mh Nhydwho{`$7

5· Fypw`dyh7 ;>9· E{mä{dfh7 ;2hp{yhv7 0

55$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh Ke{eBhmne- `l 91127

5· Fypw`dyh7 929· E{mä{dfh7 50

59$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh Ke{eBhmne ò{y` 92 ` 94(55(911: ` qpimdfeke `l geo`dyh k` 911>7

@l Ldoev J`yedv7 @l I`mh Nhydwho{`7 5· Fypw`dyh7 949· E{mä{dfh7 5>

6· Bmelòjh7 4;· Fhydo{ndeov7 :0· Væh Qepmh7 62· Revfh7 9:· Veo{hv- Ih{ebhjh ` Bmpldoòv`7 551· Rdmme Ohre- Eläydfe- Y`lh- Iende-Jyçldh ` V`m`êæh Iyevdm`dye7 oæh fn`jeyele 5 feke52· oæh {hyf`l7 92

5· Fypw`dyh7 6>9· E{mä{dfh7 6;

6· Bmelòjh- Fhydo{ndeov ` Qeml`dyev7 52· Eläydfe- Væh Qepmh- Revfh- Veo{hv `Bmpldoòv`7 oæh fn`jeyel e 5 feke/55· oæh {hyf`l7 96



20

56$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh KE[EBHMNE ò{y` 5; ` 5>(59(9114 ` qpimdfeke `l 16(15(91517

@l Ldoev J`yedv @l I`mh Nhydwho{`5· Fypw`dyh7 65

9· E{mä{dfh7 506· Bmelòjh7 59;· Fhydo{ndeov7 :0· Qeml`dyev ` Væh Qepmh7 6:· Revfh7 9>· Ih{ebhjh- Bmpldoòv` ` Veo{hv7 54· hp{yhv7 551· oæh {hyf`l7 5455· Jyçldh ` Qhy{pjp`ve7 oæh fn`jeyel e5 feke56· hp{yhv7 5

5;· oæh {hyf`l7 95

5· Fypw`dyh7 ;6

9· E{mä{dfh7 616· Bmelòjh7 6;· Fhydo{ndeov7 90· Qeml`dyev ` Væh Qepmh7 5:· Jyçldh ` Qhy{pjp`ve7 oæh fn`jeyel e 5

feke

5;$ Q`vupdve b`d{e q`mh Dihq`- qpimdfeke q`mh Ghyoem Meof`%- `l 52(1>(91517

[dl`v kh `v{ekh k` Ldoev J`yedv7 [dl`v k` hp{yhv `v{ekhv75· Fypw`dyh7 61-09· E{mä{dfh7 96-26· Eläydfe7 5-5;· Dqe{doje7 1-5

Pi`yeie7 1-5

Bmelòjh7 :-:Fhydo{ndeov7 0-0

Oæh {hyf`l qhy oònpl {dl`7 54-;



22

Eo`~h K ‖ Bdjpyev

Bdjpye 5 , Vìlihmhv ` levfh{` kh Eläydfe Bp{`ihm Fmpi`

Bdjpye 9 , F`oåydh kh Em{`yhve @vqhy{`- fhl e )ieofeke k`lhfyå{dfe)/



2:

Bdjpye 6 , Ieofeke `l lhlò{hv k` k`vfho{yeêæh- fhlò{eokh hvy`vpm{ekhv ke yhkeke khv {dl`v ldo`dyhv fhl e )Khoe V`jpokhoe)/

Bdjpye ; , H{årdh kd [hm`kh ` h )beo{evle kh yìed~elò{h)/



2>

Bdjpye 0 , Eqy`vò{ekhye kh Jmhih @vqhy{` M`{ìfde Yòoe

Bdjpye 2 , Leyfhv Mèokyh- ohrh eqy`vò{ekhy kh Jmhih @vqhy{` LJ



24

Bdjpye : , Fhl`o{eydv{ev kh Jmhih @vqhy{` eoemdvel meof`v qhmçldfhv

Bdjpye > , Jmhih @vqhy{` `vq`fdem vhiy` ev hiyev oh Ldo`dyæh/

amÉrica futebol clube em 2011 - a visibilidade do clube nos programas alterosa esporte e globo...

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