Problemas ambientais urbanos

3 aula Maria do Rosrio Partidrio

MEC, 4 ano, 2 sem, 2008-09Desafios Ambientais e de

Sustentabilidade em Engenharia

Inputs Outputs

Energy

Food

Water

Raw materials Manufactured goods

Money

Information

Solid wastes

Waste heat

Air pollutants

Water pollutants

Greenhouse gases

Manufactured goods

Noise

Wealth

Ideas

CITIES ENVIRONMENT

Principais problemas das cidades (5 Programa Aco da UE):

presso pelo desenvolvimento urbano, construo espaos urbanos, construo estradas, tendncias econmicas, padres de consumo, gesto de resduos.

Partidrio, 2002, Contribuio para uma poltica de sustentabilidade urbana, S&T, n33

Estratgia para as cidades (6 Programa Aco da UE, 2006):

Gesto ambiental integrada, Planos de transporte urbano, Intercmbio de melhores prticas, Interface com as autoridades locais, Formao e sinergias com outras polticas como:

as alteraes climticas, a natureza e biodiversidade, ambiente e a qualidade de vida, e a utilizao sustentvel dos recursos naturais

em suma, com os grandes eixos da Estratgia Europeia de Desenvolvimento Sustentvel

A transversalidade do ambiente urbano

O mbito das questes ambientais em reas urbanas mltiplo e interdependente.

As principais componentes ambientais urbanas incluem variveis fsicas e ecolgicas, sociais, culturais, econmicas, de sade e segurana:

qualidade fsica (ar, gua, solo, rudo), recursos naturais(gua, ar, solo, energia, espaos naturais), paisagem e espaos verdes, comunidade, patrimnio cultural, edificado, mobilidade, actividades econmicas, sade, riscos.

Partidrio, 2002, Contribuio para uma poltica de sustentabilidade urbana, S&T, n33

ADMINISTRAO / GOVERNO

TRANSPORTES

HABITAO

RECREIO E LAZER

COMRCIO SERVIOS

INDUSTRIA

EMPREGO

A multiplicidade de relaes no sistema urbano

Partidrio, 2002, Contribuio para uma poltica de sustentabilidade urbana, S&T, n33

Europes cities should be sustainable and offer a high quality of life so that

-people want to live and -work in them and -businesses want to invest there

EU (2006)Strategy to improve the environment in Europes cities

Make Europe a more attractive place to work and invest (Lisbon strategy, 2005)

Climate change - help adaptation to climate change (environmental risks, sustainable urban transport plans, sustainable construction, energy policy)

Nature and Biodiversity (sustainable urban design, promotion of urban biodiversity, soil protection)

Health and Quality of Life (health, air quality, noise, transports)

Sustainable use of natural resources (prevention and recycling of waste)

EU sustainable development priorities - urban EU inter-related policies through

integrated urban management plans

high levels of traffic and congestion,

poor air quality, high levels of ambient noise poor-quality built environment, derelict land, greenhouse gas emissions, generation of waste, waste water, risks

Cities environmental challenges that can cause environmental damage and affect human health

physical quality (air, water, soil, noise),

natural resources (water, air, soil, light, energy, natural spaces),

landscape and green spaces,

community, cultural heritage, sustainable construction, mobility, economic activities, health.

Cities environmental values

Air QualityBiodiversityEnergy, Climate Change and Ozone DepletionFood and AgricultureHazardous MaterialsEconomy and Economic DevelopmentEnvironmental Justice Human HealthParks, Open Spaces and StreetscapesSolid WasteTransportationWater and WastewaterMunicipal ExpendituresPublic Information and Education Risk Management (Activities of High Environmental Risk)

http://www.sustainable-city.org/

Cities AllianceHow can the environment be integrated in

city planning? Washington DC, 28th November, 2006

ICLEI, More Urban, Less Poor, More liveable

Jeremy Harris (former mayor of Honolulu)

Toward a Sustainable Urban Paradigm; Cities The Problem or The Solution?

Environment as an asset for citiesServices that the natural environmental

provides to urban centresICLEI, More Urban, Less Poor, More liveable

Parks and greenbelts produce oxygen and clean the air,

Rainfall provides clean drinking water and irrigation for crops,

Forests serve as watersheds and tourist destinations, and

Wetlands filter and process waste and provide a nursery for fisheries.

The health-environment-poverty nexus

Toward a Sustainable Urban Paradigm Cities The Problem or The Solution

by Mayor Jeremy Harris

The Current Path Unsustainable UrbanizationConsumption and Waste - The Poverty/Environmental Decay Nexus

The New Urban Paradigm - includes the environment as an asset the new sustainable urban accounting sustainable city development strategies urban resource recovery & reuse sustainable economic development, land use planning, transportation sustainable energy policy - economics of energy efficiency renewable energy urban stability & self sufficiency reinventing city governance structure and authority, capacity building partnerships, leadership

Urban Audit programa de monitorizao da Unio Europeia que rene 250 indicadores de qualidade de vida em 258 cidades europeias (Regional Policy Inforegio, www.urbanaudit.org).

Percepo da qualidade de vida em cidades europeias (Fonte: InfoRegio, 2004, Urban Audit Perception survey, Local perceptions of quality of life in 31 european cities (www.urbanaudit.org))

Masdar programmehttp://www.masdaruae.com/text/v-files.aspx

Links com interesse

Cities Alliance(http://www.citiesalliance.org/activities-output/topics/cds/cds.html)

Regional Policy Inforegio, www.urbanaudit.org

UE 6 Programa Aco(http://ec.europa.eu/environment/urban/pdf/com_2005_0718_pt.pdf).

ICLEI(http://www.iclei.org/)

Portugal(www.cidadessustentaveis.info/)